Once upon a time there was an old man and an old woman, they had a daughter, Alyonushka, and a son, Ivanushka. An old man...
Let's look at the process of building a small house with our own hands, from the foundation to the finish. The size of the house will be 5x4 m and it is designed for year-round use, that is, you need to insulate the floor, walls and ceiling. The house will be framed, which means it can be built independently.
Choosing a place to build a house on the site. It must be correctly oriented in relation to the cardinal points. Namely, so that the windows of the living rooms face the South, East or West, but not the North.
With the placement and orientation of the house, we have decided, you can start building the foundation. For such a small and light house, a tape shallow foundation is ideal. Its device is as follows: we make markings, remove the vegetation layer under the tape (about 15-20 cm), install the formwork and pour concrete. Also, the foundation needs to be reinforced. AT this case the width of the foundation tape is 15 cm, and the height depends on the relief and may be different. Minimum Height from ground level should be 15 cm. A shallow foundation must be insulated from the outside. It will be enough to apply polystyrene foam 7 cm thick, which must be closed from the sun. In our case, these are aluminum sheets.
After the concrete has hardened, we remove the formwork and remove the vegetation layer under the building spot. To make the house warm, we insulate the base of the floor. Styrofoam works well for this.
At this stage of construction, it is necessary to provide for the supply of communications, so as not to spoil the building structures later.
We lay the waterproofing on the foundation, and on top of the beam of the lower trim 150x100 mm. Beforehand, the timber must be treated with fire-bioprotective impregnation.
How to properly install the strapping beam and install the corner posts, see the video.
We install the corner posts of the frame.
You need to responsibly approach the construction of the frame, because all subsequent geometry of the house will depend on it. How to properly install the racks and make the top trim is shown in the video above.
We continue to assemble the frame smoothly approaching the roof device. To give rigidity to the entire structure, it is necessary to install jibs in the corners.
After laying the floor beams, you can proceed to the device truss system at home.
It is better to mark the rafters on the ground, and at a height they are easy to assemble. To do this, you need to make a template and cut out all the other rafters along it.
On the roof we make a crate from a board 100x25 mm in increments of 15-20 cm.
It is desirable to perform the roofing in warm and non-rainy weather in order to protect all supporting structures from getting wet. This is important because the wood can warp from frequent wetting and drying.
Ondulin is used as a roofing material; it is inexpensive and easy to install, and also durable.
Knowing the size of the roof slopes, you need to calculate the roofing material. In this case, it is necessary to take into account stocks in the form of outlets and overlaps. To fasten ondulin, you need to use special roofing nails that have notches along the entire length and special soft pads to press the material.
In parallel, you can attach a windproof film to the walls.
The house will stove heating. It will be difficult to make a stove yourself without work experience, so it is better to invite a specialist.
Who nevertheless decided to do everything himself, I propose to see detailed master class on the device of the furnace.
Let's talk a little more about wind protection at home. For these purposes, a special film is used, which does not let gusts of wind into the house, and also serves as a waterproofing.
The film must be properly mounted, that is, on the one hand, it does not allow air to pass through, and on the other, on the contrary, it passes. If you do everything in reverse, then there will be no result.
Exterior finish will be made of 16 mm thick board. It is fastened with an overlap in order to hide the nails. So we will not have rusty threads on the walls after the rain.
Upon completion of the sheathing, the board is painted. So we will give the house an aesthetic appearance and protect the board from environmental influences.
Flooring, window and door installation. The technology of these processes is described in the video clip.
How do you make your home warm and cozy? It needs to be properly insulated. The insulation is installed between the racks in the walls. How warm the house will be depends on the quality of the insulation. Best used as a heater mineral wool. It must be installed in a spacer so that it is securely fixed between the racks and no gaps form.
That's it, the house is ready. So you can build small house with your own hands. Go ahead, get to work!
Small a private house, suitable for permanent residence, has a number of advantages over an apartment of the same footage. With careful planning, building a house is usually cheaper than buying an apartment. It is important that in a private house there is the possibility of increasing the living space if necessary. And, of course, a huge plus own house- Availability land plot near him. If earlier a small house often meant a country house, suitable only for summer living, today houses up to 100 sq. m., equipped with heating, sewerage and electricity systems, are becoming more and more popular.
Construction small house must start with planning inner space, material selection and budgeting. AT small house can comfortably accommodate a family of three. Thus, the house should have at least two bedrooms, a kitchen, a living room, a bathroom and various premises for storage. The garage for the car must be located independently. As practice shows, when arranging an exit to the garage directly from the house, the smell of exhaust gases will inevitably penetrate into interior spaces even with doors with reliable insulation. When choosing building materials, it is advisable to focus on energy-saving options. It can be foam and gas blocks, blocks with fixed formwork. Thus, you can significantly reduce the cost of maintaining the house in the future. After clarifying the layout and selection of materials, you can draw up an estimate and proceed directly to construction. First of all, the foundation of the future house is laid. For small buildings most commonly used strip foundation, which is a reinforced concrete frame around the perimeter of the house. The device of such a foundation does not require the use special equipment. It can be poured using formwork or assembled from precast concrete blocks. At the same time, it can serve as the walls of the basement floor, if one is planned. The next step is building walls. First you need to carefully align the corners. Laying out the first rows, you should constantly control the masonry with building level. The layer of cement between bricks or blocks should not be large - this will reduce the energy-saving qualities of the future building. After laying the walls of the first floor, all elements should be allowed to dry well and acquire the necessary strength. Only after that you can proceed to the construction of the second floor or roof device.
Carefully planned and built taking into account all the nuances and subtleties, the house will delight its owners for many years.
After acquisition suburban area for giving necessarily becomes topical issue about how to build a country house with your own hands. Well, to build it yourself is quite possible, unless, of course, a huge “palace” is conceived, requiring the involvement of construction equipment and a team of professionals.
Usually compact buildings are chosen for summer cottages, but, nevertheless, the house must have everything necessary for rest - rooms, kitchen, veranda. The latter will become a favorite place for an evening pastime all family. It is very important to make the country house cozy and comfortable, so you need to think through all the nuances of its arrangement.
The optimal material for summer cottage construction is wood, and the principle of construction is a frame structure.
Of course, the first thing that will need to be done is to decide on the place and size of the building, draw up a project, and plan further work.
Proe kt of a small country house
The size of the future house largely depends on the area suburban area, the number of family members and the material resources of the owners. If you plan well, make successful project and choose an inexpensive, but high-quality material for construction, you can save space, money and time.
In any case, the first steps are drafting
Most often, a country house has a size of 5.0 × 6.0 or 4.0 × 6.0 m. Buildings of a larger area are erected much less frequently, and, mainly, in those cases when they are planned to be operated year-round. But this is more likely to be not a country house, but a full-fledged Vacation home.
The layout of the location of the house may have to be carried out on the basis of requirements that may be established by the board of the gardening partnership, therefore, when purchasing, you need to find out about such nuances in advance. Most often, the following distances are required:
- The house should be installed at a distance of 3 meters from the border of the neighboring site, and from the fence separating the site from the general passage (street) - at 5 meters.
- In order to ensure fire safety, a stone house is placed at a distance of at least six meters from another stone structure, and ten meters from a wooden one. If the house is wooden, then it should be installed at a distance of no closer than 15 meters from another wooden structure.
- So that the house does not cover neighboring buildings from sunlight, if it is placed on the eastern, southern or western side of the site, it is located at a distance from another residential building, at least equal to its height.
Usually to install country house choose the highest place in the area where water will not collect when snow melts or from heavy rains. high humidity under the house will never benefit any building material, but it will always negatively affect the overall strength and durability of the structure.
Most often, the following technologies for its construction are chosen for the construction of country houses: frame-panel construction, log cabins, walls made of blocks or bricks.
For summer cottages, projects are mainly selected one-story houses with closed or open verandas, or terraces. Often the building has attic space, used to store garden tools and other things that seem unnecessary in everyday life, but which can always come in handy in the country. However, it also happens that in some projects there are no attic floor beams at all, and then the roof slopes also play the role of a ceiling.
If the family is large, and the area of \u200b\u200bthe plot is not as large as we would like, then you can plan two-storey house, which takes up very little space at the base. In this case, the first floor can be given over to the living room, terrace and kitchen, and on the second floor - to arrange cozy sleeping places for the whole family.
Not necessarily erect in a country house full second floor, since the attic superstructure can perfectly fulfill its role. Finishing her natural materials, there you can create a wonderful healthy country atmosphere.
Country houses are mainly used in the warm season, starting with the arrival of spring and ending in autumn. Therefore, they do not require enhanced insulation of walls and roofs, but devices for space heating should still be provided - in case of cold nights or a drop in temperature during unstable weather. Usually, electrical appliances are used as heaters, for example, convectors or infrared film emitters, but sometimes owners even prefer to install fireplaces or cast-iron heating and cooking stoves.
By the way, if you are planning to build a real fireplace or brick oven, then they must be included in the draft project.
There are also ready-made options country houses, sold as a set in unassembled form, which you just need to deliver to the site and assemble. Any such set of parts must be accompanied detailed instructions, which set out the procedure for carrying out work, the main technological methods and connection diagrams of individual elements and assemblies.
For land owner, who has basic skills construction works, it will not be difficult to assemble such a country house on your own. The main advantage of this option can be called the fact that often the kit already includes everything necessary for the electrical network of the building, for its ventilation system and even for plumbing.
Video: a small, neat country house that lives up to its name
What type of house to choose?
Having decided on rough plan future house, you need to choose the material for its construction. Not only the type of the building itself will depend on this choice, but also the comfort of staying in it, as well as the costs of its construction.
- traditional material for country house is wood, which will create a favorable microclimate in it, filling it with the smells of the forest. Wooden house can be erected in a frame way, from timber or logs. The disadvantage of wooden buildings is the high fire hazard of the material.
However, wooden houses built always, and many of them stood for centuries. Today, special fire-retardant impregnations are on sale, which significantly reduce the risk of fire in wooden buildings. And in general - the most important thing here is not the material, but the human factor - precisely the neglect of elementary requirements by people fire safety In the vast majority of cases, it causes a fire.
- building brick building will cost much more, but it can with great reason be called a full-fledged house, which can be used not only in summer period, but also, if necessary, in winter, if you install a stove in it. Brick buildings are much less prone to fire and, with high-quality masonry, will last a very long time. Their disadvantages include a more complex and lengthy construction process, requiring special skills, and a high price for materials.
- Very often when building a country house are used different materials. For example, a house is built of wood, but on a foundation of concrete, brick or blocks.
This option can be called optimal, since the foundation of moisture-resistant materials will create optimal conditions for the construction of walls made of wood, thus - will become a reliable basis for the house.
It is this last option that is worth considering, since it is the most popular of all types of country houses.
Stages of building a country house
Materials for building a country house
If there is no desire to mess with the calculations, then it is better to purchase a team finished model a house that has a certain area, for which it will only be necessary to prepare a place.
In all other cases, you will need to purchase Construction Materials. Their type, size, volume, total number - all depending on the size of the planned building, which is determined by the project.
foundation material
For any type of foundation you will need the following materials:
- sand, gravel, cement;
- third-rate board and timber for formwork;
- brick or concrete blocks;
— waterproofing material(roofing material);
- expanded clay of the middle fraction.
Wall and roof material
Since wood was chosen for the construction of walls, then, based on this, other materials will be selected:
- bars and boards different sizes, depending on the design parameters;
- fasteners - nails, screws, bolts, studs;
- corners of different configurations, metal plates - for fastening knots;
- insulation - mineral wool, ecowool or expanded clay;
- to cover the roof, it is better to choose a light material - ondulin or corrugated board.
After the installation site of the future house is determined, the materials are purchased, you can proceed to the arrangement of the foundation. True, to begin with, you still have to decide on its type.
The foundation of a country house
Even when building such a small and light building as a wooden country house, you can’t do without a foundation. In the case under consideration, one of two types is ideally suited for this purpose - this is a columnar and strip foundation. Which one to choose depends on the preferences of the builder.
- The columnar foundation will be a less expensive option, as it will allow you to seriously save on building materials. In addition, such a foundation can be completed independently, without outside help, which will also save some money.
How to build correctly, you can find out with all the details by following this link to the corresponding page of our portal.
- To create a strip foundation, you will need not only large quantity materials, but enough long term. This is not surprising - a trench will need to be dug around the entire perimeter of the future house, waterproof it, install the reinforcing structure, build the formwork and fill the pit with concrete. And after that, whether you like it or not, it will also take a month until the filled tape completely solidifies and it gains brand strength.
However, the strip foundation is still very popular among individual developers. This option is convenient in that it allows you to make basement, however, for this, the foundation walls will have to be raised above the soil surface by 700 ÷ 800 mm. described in detail in the article, which can be found on our portal by clicking on the link provided.
If a columnar foundation is chosen, then it is recommended to remove upper layer soil by 150 ÷ 200 mm. Then fill in the resulting pit with a layer of sand of 30 ÷ 40 mm, which should be compacted. A layer is laid on top of the sand cushion medium fraction crushed stone and is also compacted, and the remaining space must be covered with expanded clay of the middle fraction. All these procedures are done so that small rodents cannot get close to the house. They do not tolerate expanded clay (especially small ones), as it contains a large number of dust and has a loose surface.
Expanded clay of fine fraction - an excellent remedy for rodents
To protect the house from the penetration of large rodents or other uninvited guests from the animal world, it is advisable to close the space under the house with a metal mesh with cells no larger than 10 mm.
Construction of a frame structure
For a country house optimal choice- frame structure
The frame house can be placed both on a columnar and on a strip foundation. Construction always starts from the foundation, which must be securely waterproofed two or three layers of laid roofing material.
- If the project provides for a veranda, you must immediately separate its zone, over which a roof will be erected, but there will be no solid walls. To support the roof over the veranda, you can use the racks of the general frame of the walls. Another option - veranda will be attached to the house separately.
- All without exception wooden blanks must be treated with antiseptic compounds and flame retardants. These impregnations will increase the resistance of wood to fire, to decay, will prevent the appearance of nests of insects or colonies of representatives of microflora - mold or fungus.
- After the blanks have been properly prepared and completely dry, during construction, the lower frame (crown) is first made, which will be laid on the foundation and will subsequently be used to mount the floor.
For the floor to be reliable, for the frame it is necessary to take high-quality bars of the desired section. If funds allow, it is better to choose wooden elements not along the “lower limit” of dimensions, but by laying a certain margin in their cross section.
The table shows optimal dimensions timber for a frame house:
- The support beams of the frame are mounted on coronal bars located along the perimeter of the foundation, at a distance of 600 ÷ 700 mm from each other. They are fixed with the help of corners or by tie-in. If the elements are large in cross section, they can additionally be fastened with metal brackets.
- When the lower trim with support beams is ready, wall frames are made. They can be assembled separately and then in ready-made raised and fixed on the frame strapping bars.
Another option is to lift the frame directly in place. For example, if a house is being built on its own, without assistants, then it will be very difficult to lift the finished frame from the shade alone to the height of the strapping, set it evenly and temporarily, until it is finally fixed, fix it. And this means that each of the bars will have to be set separately.
- The size of the bars for the racks of the wall frame should be at least 100 × 100 mm, but it can also be mounted from boards with a cross section of at least 50 × 150 mm.
The bars are fixed to the lower harness with the help of powerful corners that are able to keep them in a vertical position. It is best to use not nails, but a self-tapping screw for fastening - the difference in price is not so significant, but the quality and reliability of the assembly is incomparably higher.
- When installing vertical racks, you must immediately mark the location of the openings for windows and doors. It is best to leave the area where they should be installed in the frame free, and install the part of the wall with the window opening separately.
Then, when the upper strapping bar is installed and fixed on all other vertical racks, the section with the window opening is fixed in the place left for it.
- All four walls are assembled in the same way. At the corners, the side posts are fastened together with corners, or instead of two separate ones, one common corner post is mounted. It is recommended to support it with diagonal braces on both sides - they will stiffen the entire wall structure.
- The doorway is equipped in the frame immediately. It is reinforced with an additional rack, since the hinged door has a certain weight, which must be calmly supported by both the reinforced opening and the entire wall frame.
- If it is planned to sheathe the frame on the outside with clapboard, then the next step is to carry out this event. Sheathing will give the structure additional rigidity, which will allow you to continue the installation of the attic floor and
The installation of the floor can be carried out immediately after the outer wall cladding, but only if the roof is covered with a roof on the same day. It is highly undesirable for a freshly laid floor covering to get wet if it suddenly rains at night. Therefore, it is better to solve the issue with the roof first, and then calmly deal with all other construction activities inside the house.
Roof construction and roofing
Types of truss systems
A few words need to be said about the types of truss systems, since, moving on to the construction of the roof, you need to have a general idea about this, to know which design is better to choose.
Rafter systems are of two types - hanging and layered.
Hanging system
The hanging truss system is distinguished by the fact that it is arranged only on external load-bearing walls and does not have other supports. It is perfect for erecting over a small country house. In order to ease the burden on wooden walls and on the foundation hanging rafters fastened with a tie.
Myself hanging structure consists of a transverse beam, which also performs an overlapping function, and can simultaneously be a frame for filing the ceiling, as well as rafter legs that form the roof slopes.
Layered system
The layered system is installed if the house, in addition to external walls, has internal capital partitions that will become additional points of support. Such a scheme can also be used in the construction of the roof of a country house, if it has large area and its rooms are separated by walls built on foundations.
With this system, the load on the load-bearing side walls becomes weaker, so fewer retaining elements can be used. She's great for attic structures to be used as living quarters.
floor beams
An important structural element - floor beams
Beams are laid exactly over uprights wall frame. In order for them to fit snugly on the upper strapping belt, grooves are cut at their edges. The size of the grooves can be calculated based on the formula shown in the figure.
Beams are attached to frame structure walls with nails or self-tapping screws, and in addition they are sometimes fixed on both sides with metal corners.
Having completed the installation of the overlapping beams, you can proceed to building the roof truss system. For safety reasons, temporary boarding is laid on the floor beams to ensure the comfort of moving along the attic plane during the installation of rafters.
Installation of the truss system
The roof truss system can be mounted using a different sequence of fixing its elements:
- First option. It is necessary to fasten the extreme pairs of rafter legs on the ground, then raise them to the harness and install them ready-made on the gable walls of the house. And then connect them with a ridge beam, and already mount the remaining pairs of rafters on it.
- Second option. To begin with, install the middle racks along the gables, then fasten them with a ridge bar or board, on which the rafters are then attached.
- Third option. In this case, pairs of rafter legs in their upper part are fastened together with a ridge pad, and their lower side is fixed on the wall trim, which in this embodiment will act as a Mauerlat.
The cross section of the beams or logs used for the rafter legs must be strictly maintained - depending on the rafter length between two fulcrum, and depending on the step between adjacent pairs of rafters
| Maximum allowable length rafter leg (in mm) | Rafter spacing (in mm) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1100 | 1400 | 1750 | 2100 | |||||
| Section of the rafter leg (in mm) | ||||||||
| bars with a section | logs Ø | bars with a section | logs Ø | bars with a section | logs Ø | bars with a section | logs Ø | |
| up to 3000 | 80×100 | 100 | 80×100 | 130 | 90×100 | 150 | 90×160 | 160 |
| up to 3600 | 80×130 | 130 | 80×160 | 160 | 80×180 | 180 | 90×180 | 180 |
| up to 4300 | 80×160 | 160 | 80×180 | 180 | 90×180 | 180 | 100×200 | 200 |
| up to 5000 | 80×180 | 180 | 80×200 | 200 | 100×200 | 200 | - | - |
| up to 5800 | 80×200 | 200 | 100×200 | 200 | - | - | - | - |
| up to 6500 | 100×200 | 200 | 120×220 | 240 | - | - | - | - |
It should be noted that the rafter attachment point in its lower part will depend on the angle at which they are fastened on the ridge and how long they are.
If the rafter is long enough and protrudes beyond the bearing walls, then a notch is cut out on it, with which it will be installed on the strapping beam (). An example of such a cut is shown in the picture:
If the rafter ends at the edge bearing wall, then its lower edge is cut off at a right angle with respect to the Mauerlat, and the leg itself can be fixed on it using a special mounting plate, sliding support, corner, bracket, nails or long self-tapping screws.
If the house is very small, then after fixing the rafters on the strapping, tying them with a ridge beam or board, you most likely will not have to install additional retaining elements.
Detailed information about the exact one can be obtained from a special publication of our portal by clicking on the recommended link:
For the installation of additional, reinforcing elements of the truss system, the material can be selected in accordance with the recommendations indicated in the table:
Roofing system
After the rafters and additional elements form the slopes of the roof, you can proceed to the installation of the subsystem for roofing.
- The first thing that needs to be done from the outside of the roof, after installing the rafters, is to lay a vapor barrier film, securing it first with brackets, and then with counter-lattice strips on the rafters.
The film is laid perpendicular to the rafters, starting from the lower, eaves of the roof. The overlap between two adjacent strips must be at least 200 mm.
- The main crate is mounted perpendicular to the counter-lattice, on which the roofing material will be attached. The installation step of the guides depends on the type and size of the roofing material sheets.
If, however, for covering the roof is chosen soft roof, then instead of the laths of the lathing, the slopes are covered with a continuous one - with plywood, and then with waterproofing sheets of roofing material, which is overlapped by 150 ÷ 200 mm and glued together with bituminous mastic. Another option is to use soft bituminous decorative tiles, which are laid using a similar technology.
- For wooden houses The most commonly used are the following roofing materials(depending on the steepness of the roof slope).
- On the prepared base, the selected roofing material is laid and fixed. Work starts from the cornice, and if the first row is laid from right to left, then all other rows are mounted in the same way.
Some types of roofing materials have a strictly specified installation scheme in the direction, which cannot be changed. This must be indicated in the instructions attached to them.
Also, for any type of sheet roofing materials, the amount of overlap in the direction of the slope (usually 150 ÷ 200 mm), and the number of waves (relief protrusions) in the horizontal direction, along the roof, is determined.
- Almost all roofing materials are fixed on the crate with the help of special nails or self-tapping screws with waterproofing gaskets.
- It is very important to choose and fix the ridge elements of the roof correctly, otherwise it will leak at the first rain. Usually the ridge element is selected from the same material as the covering of the roof slopes.
- Further, the cornice overhang of the roof is finished - this can be done with a wooden or plastic clapboard. Sometimes special plastic elements - soffits - are used for these purposes.
- Then, elements of the roof drainage system are installed on the windboard - funnels, gutters on brackets, pipes, etc.
- Further, the gable sides of the truss system are sheathed. Most often, a wooden or plastic lining or even planed boards.
For lining along the perimeter of the gable triangle, a special profile is fixed, into which panels prepared and cut at the right angle will be installed. Installation is usually carried out symmetrically - from the middle rack to one and then the other side - then the skin will turn out to be even and neat.
By the way, to mount the lining, Moreover, you can horizontally, herringbone or come up with a more complex pattern.
Detailed information about the technology can be found in the article posted on our website by clicking on link.
Now, having finished the external roofing and being sure that the rain will no longer get inside the country house, you can proceed to the installation of windows and doors, insulation, flooring and wall cladding.
Installation of windows and doors
- Window frames are mounted in the frame openings left for them, set according to the level. For preliminary fixation, when the frame is set, spacers made of wooden bars or slats are installed between it and the bars of the opening.
Then, after checking the correct installation, the frames are attached to the wall frame metal strips. The remaining gaps between the frame and frame bars are filled mounting foam. After it dries, the excess is cut off, and platbands are installed around the windows on the outside of the wall, which will close the unsightly appearance of the gaps and give accuracy general view house.
- The installation of the door is best done together with the door frame, if it has sufficient rigidity. So it will be much easier to align the entire structure according to the level in doorway walls.
The door is best installed as a block - together with the frame and leaf
Exposing the door frame, if necessary, to achieve a clear vertical position, enclose wedges (inserts) from wooden slats. Is fixed door frame to the frame in the same way as window frames, using metal strips, and the gap is filled with mounting foam.
Having installed windows and doors in all, you can proceed to the installation of the floor.
Installation and floor insulation
To begin with, the temporary flooring from the boards (if there was one) is removed from the lower frame, and then you need to install the subfloor.
- To do this, cranial bars are nailed or screwed onto the frame load-bearing beams. They are necessary for laying transverse subfloor boards on them.
- Further, boards sawn exactly to size are laid on the cranial bars, or plywood 8 ÷ 10 mm thick - this flooring will serve as a subfloor.
- From above, the laid subfloor is closed hydro- paro— insulating film, which should cover both the load-bearing beams and the entire floor plane. Individual sheets of material are overlapped (by 150 ÷ 200 mm) and glued at the joints with waterproof tape.
- Further, insulating material is laid or poured on the vapor barrier film. If there is no desire to have as neighbors who like to settle under the floor, then it is better to use expanded clay of medium or small fraction, or ecowool, to insulate the floor. similar materials these toothy pests simply do not live.
- On top of the insulation, another layer of film membrane is laid, which is nailed to the supporting beams with brackets. The laying principle is exactly the same as on the subfloor.
With the floor - finished!
- Then the whole structure is covered with thick plywood or wooden floorboards.
Measures for additional thermal insulation
When the floor is completely ready, the walls of the house are insulated and sheathed from the inside. If the building will be used only in the warm season, then the insulation will still not hurt - it will work as an insulator of the premises from heating in extreme heat. Therefore, it is recommended to lay a thermal insulation layer not only in the walls, but also in ceiling, and if it is absent - place the insulation on the inner slopes of the roof.
- First on all the walls and ceiling beams vapor barrier material is fixed. Then the ceiling is sheathed with clapboard, plywood or drywall.
- After covering the ceiling, the walls are insulated. At the same time, insulation mats are laid between the racks of the frame. It is necessary to make sure that the mats stand as tightly as possible with an emphasis on the bars of the wall frame, so that there are no gaps left.
That is why mineral wool is most often used as a heater - after dense laying between the racks, it will straighten out, completely filling the entire space. The material is usually selected so that the thickness of the mats and the thickness of the frame posts are the same.
- After that, all walls are again tightened with a vapor barrier film.
- The next step is wall cladding. wooden clapboard, plywood or . The latter, with subsequent decorative trim walls, can be painted with water-based paint or wallpapered.
- Next, insulate attic floor, there is a heater - it fits between the floor beams.
If the ceiling is sheathed from the side of the house with drywall or clapboard, then we must not forget that it is impossible to step on it, since the sheathing will not support the weight of a person. It is necessary to move carefully along the floor beams.
- In the event that the attic is planned to be used for storing various garden accessories, then on top of the insulation on the floor beams, it is necessary to fix the flooring from boards or plywood with a thickness of at least 10 mm.
- The finishing touches of the interior decoration will be the installation of platbands on windows and doors, ceiling and floor plinths and closing corners with fittings.
Extensions to the house
The last stages of arranging a country house are installation work on the veranda and on the porch.
If space is left in advance for the veranda on the frame lying on the foundation, then a board is laid on this space to cover the floor (material for open areas is used), a fence is installed and a canopy is mounted.
If the foundation is raised high enough above the ground, then a porch is also attached to it.
Building a country house with your own hands is a completely doable task, but it will be quite difficult to manage without helpers. Therefore, it is best to seek help from a knowledgeable master who has experience in such work, will always give useful advice and will show how certain nodes are correctly mounted in the construction of the house. It is possible to "mobilize" relatives and acquaintances - it is possible that knowledgeable person will be among them.
Video: construction of a country house using frame technology
Experts say that a modern comfortable house does not have to be large. In fact, 28 m is enough for a person to live a normal life. 2 . It turns out that a family of four will feel comfortable in a house with an area of slightly less than 120 m 2 . And such a house can rightfully be called small.
Typically, projects small houses- one-story. But at the request of the customer, you can complete the full-fledged second floor or attic.
In order to accommodate everything in a relatively small area living rooms and ensure comfortable living for the family, the dimensions of technical and utility rooms decrease. Although the space is organized according to the same principles as in any other project. But there are features that are due to the need to strictly save usable space.
Small house project: fight for every square meter
- When designing small ones, architects minimize the use of internal partitions. Thus, the premises, different in their functionality, are combined into a single space. For example, the living room, dining room, kitchen are grouped into a daily area and separated purely visually - with the help of design techniques. Project small house allows rational use of each square meter usable area. At the same time, additional rooms remain isolated.
- The bedrooms of family members, bathrooms, dressing rooms form a night zone and are located in such a way as to protect the personal space of the residents of the house from outsiders as much as possible. If the house is two-story, then the night zone is taken out there.
- The utility area, consisting of bathrooms, a boiler room and other utility rooms, is being tried to be designed to a minimum size.
- In order to productively use non-residential space, they seek to limit the number of corridors and passages.
- If the house is two-story, there should be two bathrooms. In order to reduce costs during the installation of engineering networks, they are placed one above the other. AT one-story house the bathroom is placed so that it has a common riser with the kitchen.
Pros of small house projects
- The construction of a small house does not depend on the configuration and size of the land.
- The construction of such a house, and also cost much less.
- Short terms of design and construction.
- Relatively low utility bills and easy home maintenance.
Small house projects: results
A carefully thought-out project of a small house allows you to rationally use every square meter of usable area. Thanks to this, the customer receives modern comfortable housing for relatively little money. Therefore, we recommend choosing professional projects small houses from Dom4m.
Have you ever thought about why people build a country house for themselves, especially those who have comfortable and cozy apartments? The answer is simple: to live as close as possible to calm nature and away from the noisy areas of our country. But sometimes you may encounter the problem of small plot sizes, which makes you think about reducing the volume of the house itself.
Project of a small house with a veranda
A person, having lived for some time in the city and having seen enough of the noisy streets and cars, wants to live on his private plot outside the city in. But not always at our disposal is a large piece of land. With the tips below, you will be able to plan and arrange cozy house in a small space.
The project proposed by us has a two-level plan and structure.
Layouts of two floors of a cottage 11x13 with a balcony But it is interesting that the entrance to the house is carried out not from the usual first floor, but from the second (in our case, “console”). The peculiarity of this building can be considered that the owner, entering his house, does not experience difficulty in lifting, and at the same time, a beautiful landscape opens before him. The first and main floor of our compact house is below. Thus, the visitor gets the impression that the house has small area. But, despite this, everything can be placed on the first floor. necessary premises, even a billiard room and a cinema.
Today, due to the large-scale rise in prices for materials and work, the problem of building a compact house on small area is particularly acute. That is why such a project will be of interest to you.
Compact two-story house with garage The main criteria that guided us when planning such a house are the simplicity of the object and its logical installation, as well as the possibility of uniting man with nature. These nuances are important, since people who build a house outside the city do it, in our opinion, precisely because of the desire to be closer to nature.
Such a project is especially suitable for those areas of the landscape where there is a slight drop.
It is this feature of the terrain that is taken into account, and then used in our project. To save space, the main part of the building goes underground, and the second half remains at the top, which occupies a small piece of space from the total area. This is exactly what you see during the initial inspection of the building, thanks to which the building looks neat.
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Draft house project
Save space by using terrain
The structure of this house is unique, as it was made to order. The main idea of such a project is very simple and understandable - it is the use of the terrain. The unique design of this building is distinguished by a roof, which, in addition, serves as a continuation of your site. Having entered the territory, we do not notice the transition from the site of your building to the covering of the ground floor of the house itself. Roof of the main underground building has a flat shape with a slight slope. This was done in order to make it easier for an ordinary person to assess the simplicity of the layout and the volume understandable to the inexperienced eye.
Now you need to pay your attention to what kind of materials are needed to build a house for such a project. This object may pleasantly surprise you with the fact that everything is done according to modern technologies construction.
original project compact house embedded in the ground As noted earlier, the entire structure occupies two levels, the upper of which has a much smaller area and protrudes several meters from the main building, which significantly increases the load on the load-bearing elements. Because of this, when planning work, you should think about a solid foundation for such housing.
The best option would be to use a material such as reinforced concrete, which provides high level strength. Under such conditions, the only possible layout for the implementation of this house - a reinforced concrete shell.
In addition, this design requires the use of reinforcement as a fixing element. If, knowing these characteristics, you think that it will be cold in such a house for the winter, then you are mistaken. The walls of the building are qualitatively insulated with polystyrene, and not in one, but in two or three layers. 
Partitions between rooms and walls that do not require increased strength are made of specialized blocks, the material of which is aerated concrete. This option is lightweight and great for multi-level buildings. In addition, it is made of foam material, which allows it to be used for various purposes.
