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Eufillin dropper in ampoules is used to treat pathologies that are accompanied by airway obstruction and other diseases with spasms of smooth muscles. It contains the active ingredient theophylline. Release form: solution with different concentrations of this ingredient, packaged in glass ampoules. The drug is used for intramuscular injection. When diluting the drug in water, you can use it for intravenous injections. The dosage and duration of treatment is prescribed by the attending physician.
What is this drug?
Eufillin is an antispasmodic that helps to relax the smooth muscles of the uterus, bronchi, and bile ducts. After application, the drug eliminates spasm and muscle contractions. For example, in diseases of the bronchi, it reduces spasm, with the threat of miscarriage, it eliminates excessive uterine contractions.
The medicine Eufillin is produced by several manufacturers. The brand name may be different because pharmaceutical factories tend to register their own brand. This is Eufillin-Darnitsa and UBF. However, the composition of the solution does not change. It is produced according to the same formula that was patented many years ago.
Release form
The drug is available in the form of a solution for injection and tablets. Solutions are of two types:
- for intramuscular injection (concentration of 24% aminophylline).
- for intravenous administration (concentration 2, 4% aminophylline).
Additionally, the composition of the solution includes water and a preservative. The preservative is determined by the formula of the manufacturing plant.
Action on the body
With the use of aminophylline, the work of the muscles between the ribs and the ventilation of the alveolar space improve. The drug enhances the local immune defense of the mucous membranes from aggressive pathogenic agents (viruses, bacteria). It expands the lumen of blood vessels, relieving the tension of their walls, reduces the pressure of blood flow in the lungs. The drug improves the functioning of the heart muscle, enhances the production of adrenaline, and has a diuretic effect.
The dropper prevents the formation of blood clots and prolongs the life of red blood cells in the body. It relaxes the walls of the uterus during muscle contractions, threatening premature birth and abortion.
Indications for treatment
Eufillin is recommended if the patient has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, bronchitis, and sleep apnea. It is used to reduce high intracranial pressure, to eliminate asthma attacks, with impaired circulation of the brain, which develops with strokes and its edema.
Eufillin injections are intravenously prescribed if the patient develops heart failure in acute or chronic form. Such injections lower the pressure in the vessels of the lungs, relieve swelling in kidney diseases. The medicine helps with neuralgia (like Milgamma and its substitutes). It is used in gynecology at the risk of premature birth or at the risk of miscarriage. It has a relaxing effect on the smooth muscles of the uterus and relieves spasms. Do not recommend a dropper at home.
Contraindications of the drug
Eufillin has a synthetic nature and a number of contraindications in which it should not be used:
- It is not recommended to give injections with aminophylline for heart attacks, arrhythmias, tachycardia.
- Do not put them with attacks of epilepsy, peptic ulcer of the gastrointestinal tract (acute phase), with gastritis.
- Treatment with an injection solution should not be carried out if the patient has severe liver disease, kidney disease, there is a risk of retinal hemorrhage.
- It is forbidden to take it with intolerance to aminophylline.
Doctors recommend using it with caution for the treatment of children under 14 years of age, elderly patients. The risk group also includes nursing mothers, pregnant women, people suffering from atherosclerosis. Such treatment is carried out only under the supervision of the attending physician, with any side effects or deterioration in health, the medicine is canceled.
Instructions for use
The dosage of the drug and the duration of the course of treatment is determined based on the diagnosed disease, age, weight of the patient and other factors:
- If a person is in a state where emergency care is needed, then the solution is administered intravenously over 30 minutes at a dosage of 5.6 mg per kilogram of weight.
- For droppers, the drug is brought to the required concentration with an aqueous solution of NaCl and saline.
- For routine maintenance treatment, injections are given intravenously at a dosage of 0.9 mg per kilogram of body weight.
- When taking theophylline before treatment with this medication, the dosage should be halved.
- The maximum daily dose varies from 0.4 to 0.5 ml per kg of patient weight.
- When treating young children, consultation with a doctor is required. Newborns and children under the age of 3 months can be administered no more than 60 mg of the active substance per day. In children older than 3 months, the dosage varies from 60 to 500 mg per day.
- For the treatment of COPD in children, the initial dose should not exceed 6 mg per kg of body weight.
- The course of treatment depends on the patient's performance, the diagnosis and the effectiveness of therapy. It may take several months.
Side effects of Eufillin
After taking the medicine, patients may experience anxiety, insomnia. They feel dizzy, their limbs cramp, and their muscles begin to tremor. At the same time, the work of the heart muscle is disrupted, heart palpitations begin. After the injections, a migraine occurs, the patient is agitated, quickly irritated.
If a woman is pregnant, then heart palpitations and arrhythmia may occur when taking the medicine in the last months of the term. In addition, angina pectoris develops, blood pressure rises. With a long course of treatment with aminophylline, appetite may decrease, nausea occurs, and there are bouts of vomiting. Sometimes the drug provokes diarrhea or the development of stomach and duodenal ulcers.
- Side effects can manifest as a rash on the skin, a person has a fever, and itching appears.
- Pain in the sternum may develop, diuresis increases, the person sweats heavily.
- It is often enough to simply reduce the dose of the drug to minimize the side effects that have occurred.
- After a skin puncture, this area may hurt, swell. There are seals and swelling.
Overdose: symptoms and patient care
After the introduction of too large a dose of the drug, the appetite worsens, diarrhea develops, there is vomiting with blood, nausea. After an overdose, tachycardia may begin, internal gastric bleeding develops. There may be problems with sleep, convulsions and tremors in the limbs begin, photophobia and tachycardia develop.
When the dose is increased, the patient may be agitated, he starts having epileptic seizures, develops hypokalemia, and blood pressure drops. A person often begins confusion and kidney failure.
To stop the symptoms and improve the condition, it is necessary to stop the drug. The patient is washed out the stomach, given laxatives and activated charcoal. Symptomatic treatment is also carried out with metoclopramide and ondansetron if the patient vomits. For convulsions, oxygen therapy with airway support is recommended.
With epileptic seizures, it is necessary to give the patient an intravenous injection of diazepam. If a person vomits strongly, then intravenous injections of metoclopramide, ondansetron should be administered.
Nuances of application
The drug should be used with caution in heart attacks, angina pectoris, atherosclerosis. Under the supervision of a physician, treatment is carried out for renal and hepatic insufficiency, with a stomach ulcer or gastrointestinal tract. Treatment should be monitored for hypothyroidism, thyrotoxicosis, and prostatic hypertrophy.
The drug should be used with caution in the treatment of the elderly and children. This is especially true when taking pills.
Reducing the dosage may be necessary in case of impaired liver function, with chronic alcohol dependence, if a person has a fever, with acute respiratory disease. Dose reduction is possible when treatment is given to an elderly person. If a drug with the same active substance is chosen, then regular tests should be carried out to determine its concentration in the blood.
- During treatment, you should not drink strong brewed tea and coffee, take theophylline and purine derivatives.
- Do not combine the drug with beta-blockers.
- It is not recommended to inject if you have to drive a car or other mechanisms. The ingredients of the drug, being absorbed into the blood, scatter attention, the sharpness of reactions is lost.
Medication during pregnancy
The instructions for use state that its use at this time may threaten the health of the child. In the blood of a newborn, doctors often detect a high concentration of caffeine and aminophylline.
If the mother undergoes a course of injections with this remedy, but the children are observed by doctors after birth to exclude xanthine intoxication. When taking aminophylline, doctors assess the risks and possible consequences. The medicine is prescribed for extreme vital signs.
Why pregnant women are prescribed aminophylline?
Indications during the gestation period:
- Tissue swelling.
- placental insufficiency.
- Preeclampsia.
- The threat of miscarriage or premature birth.
Pregnancy in the annotation is prescribed as a contraindication, so there is no clear treatment regimen. The doctor prescribes the dosage and schedule of admission, based on the diagnosis of the woman, her state of health. In pregnant women, during the course of treatment, a strong heartbeat may begin, weakness is observed.
Electrophoresis with the drug
This procedure is performed for people of any age to relax the muscles, reduce intracranial pressure. It is used in complex therapy for diseases of the joints. Electrophoresis is used to improve blood circulation in certain areas (neck, lower back). It acts pointwise, without having a systemic effect. Therefore, the procedure is used even for infants and is well tolerated by all groups of patients.
To carry out the procedure, a piece of gauze is wetted in the medicine (at a concentration of 2.4%), electrodes are applied to the desired area. During the procedure, the patient feels warmth or tingling. The course of treatment is 10 sessions of 10-15 minutes. The procedure is done every other day, then a break is needed.
Eufillin and alcoholic drinks
The drug is not combined with alcohol, because it increases the toxic effect on the body, enhancing the effects of the drug. Against this background, pressure drops, suffocation begins, the heartbeat quickens, arrhythmia and tachycardia develop. Due to the relaxation of the muscles of the lungs, sometimes there is a complete cessation of breathing, with weakened vessels of the brain, hemorrhages are possible. In rare cases, taking alcohol and aminophylline at the same time provokes a fatal outcome.
Storage conditions, vacation conditions
The medicine is dispensed by prescription. Its cost depends on the form of release and varies from 11 to 94 rubles per pack.
Eufillin, instructions for use in ampoules (intravenously) of which is present in each package, belongs to the category of bronchodilators. The use of the solution is carried out parenterally (drip, jet, intramuscular). Eufillin (shots) is prescribed for adults, tablets are more suitable for children.
Eufillin is a solution for intravenous administration, which is a colorless transparent liquid poured into glass ampoules. The active ingredient is aminophylline, its concentration does not exceed 24 mg / ml. Distilled water acts as an additive. Ampoules are packaged in cardboard boxes (5 pcs each). Produced in the Russian Federation, the Republic of Belarus and Ukraine.
pharmachologic effect
Eufillin (intravenously and for intramuscular administration) has a diuretic, antispasmodic, tocolytic and bronchodilatory effect on the body. The solution for injection helps with pathologies accompanied by obstruction (obstruction) of the respiratory tract. Eufillin intramuscular can be considered a medicine for systemic use.
The principle of action of Eufillin in ampoules is based on the ability of the drug to block the adenosine (purine) receptors of bronchial cells and accelerate the accumulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate in them. With regular use, there is a decrease in the rate of entry of calcium ions through the channels of cell membranes and a decrease in muscle contractile activity.
Therapeutic effect of Eufillin:
- improvement of alveolar ventilation;
- stimulation of breathing;
- increased sensitivity of the respiratory center;
- improving the activity of the respiratory and intercostal muscles;
- increase in mucociliary coefficient;
- stimulation of diaphragm contractions;
- bronchial relaxation.
The drug can be used for sleep apnea: the drug normalizes breathing, provides an influx of oxygen and reduces the concentration of carbon dioxide. The drug is able to stimulate the activity of the heart muscle, normalizing the frequency of its contractions. Accelerates blood microcirculation, reduces the tension of the walls of blood vessels.
Diuretic properties are manifested in the form of an increase in the volume of blood flow in the kidneys. Eufillin in ampoules expands the bile ducts, improves the rheological properties of blood and minimizes the risk of blood clots. The tocolytic effect is manifested in the form of a decrease in contractility and excitability of the myometrium. When using Eufillin in high doses, an epileptogenic effect is observed.
When it enters the systemic circulation, the active ingredient is 60% bound to plasma proteins. Metabolism is carried out by the liver. The half-life is 3-6 hours. Excreted by the kidneys or intestines (partially).
Indications and contraindications for use
In the instructions present in each box of Euphyllin, possible contraindications and indications for use are prescribed. The drug is prescribed for the following pathologies:
- left ventricular failure (bronchospasm, Cheyne-Stokes breathing);
- prolonged migraines;
- hypertension of the pulmonary circle;
- cerebrovascular insufficiency of the brain;
- broncho-obstructive syndrome with emphysema, cardiac asthma or bronchitis.
The main contraindications are:
- severe liver and kidney disease;
- sepsis;
- porphyria;
- hyperthyroidism;
- thyrotoxicosis;
- hypothyroidism of uncontrolled type;
- gastroesophageal reflux;
- increased threshold of convulsive readiness;
- epileptic seizures;
- ulcerative lesions of the stomach and duodenum (in the acute stage);
- hemorrhages in the retina;
- bleeding (gastric, intestinal in anamnesis);
- hemorrhagic stroke;
- vascular atherosclerosis;
- pulmonary edema;
- severe arterial hypertension;
- paroxysmal hypotension;
- tachycardia;
- extrasystole;
- angina;
- myocardial infarction;
- acute heart failure;
- individual intolerance to the active ingredient or additional substances.
The high risk of side effects makes it impossible to use Eufillin in children under the age of 14 years. Lactation and pregnancy are considered relative contraindications. Children under 3 years of age do not inject the solution into a vein. Droppers with Euphyllin for osteochondrosis dilate blood vessels, helping to stop a pain attack. Regardless of the form of release, the drug can be taken with bronchial asthma.
Eufillin during pregnancy
Eufillin is prescribed for women in a position for health reasons in the absence of a threat to the life of the mother and child. According to reviews, a pregnant woman's heart rate increases, dizziness and weakness appear.
Children in the womb, to whom Eufillin was prescribed in the last trimester, should be under medical supervision for the first 28-30 days after birth. In gynecology, the drug is used for edema, placental insufficiency and gestosis as part of complex therapy. There is no clear treatment regimen, the attending physician selects the dosage individually.
Eufillin: instructions for use in ampoules
Many are interested in the question of whether it is possible to drink the drug in ampoules. Experts do not recommend taking the solution inside. Eufillin can be administered intramuscularly and intravenously. The drug may be present in the composition of microclysters and inhalation solution.
Intramuscular administration
Intramuscularly, the patient is administered no more than 1 ml of the drug once. At the ampoule, the tip is carefully broken off, the solution is drawn into a sterile syringe and excess air is released. For injections, thick and long needles are considered the most suitable: it is problematic to remove thin ones from the muscle, they constantly slide off the holder. The drug is injected into the upper corner of the buttock. Eufillin injection is painful, discomfort can persist for several hours. A hematoma often forms at the injection site. The drug is not administered subcutaneously.
Intravenous administration
Intravenous administration provides faster absorption of the active ingredient. Patients in serious condition are given a single loading dose of the drug: up to 5.5 mg / kg. To prepare a dropper, up to 20 ml of Eufillin is injected into a solution of sodium chloride (0.9%, 15-20 ml). The resulting mixture is poured into the remaining saline solution (up to 500 ml), drip administration is carried out for 30-40 minutes.
Asthmatic status requires intravenous administration of up to 720 mg of aminophylline. The daily norm is not more than 0.5 ml / kg. For an adult patient, a single patient dose (provided that the solution is injected into a vein) is 6-7 mg / kg. The drug must be diluted with sodium chloride. The duration of the jet injection is 2-4 minutes.
Adolescents are prescribed medication at a dose of 16 mg / kg per day. It is advisable to divide the therapeutic norm into several introductions. If necessary, it can be increased with the permission of a specialist. The course of treatment is 10-14 days.
Insertion with a probe
Newborns who are in serious condition, the drug is administered through a nasogastric tube. A narrow bore catheter is passed through the nasal cavity into the stomach. For the introduction of the drug most often use the Levin catheter. The probe is installed by a medical professional with the appropriate qualifications. The dosage regimen is selected by the pediatrician.
Microclysters
Microclyster with Eufillin can be prepared independently, at home. To do this, take 0.5 mg of the drug and dissolve it in 20 ml of boiled water at room temperature. The finished solution is collected in a rubber bulb (the tip is disinfected in advance) and administered rectally. The procedure is repeated every 3-4 hours. Enemas are contraindicated in children under 16 years of age.
Electrophoresis with the use of the drug is prescribed for adults suffering from osteochondrosis and arthritis. For children, the procedure is prescribed for dysplasia or to relieve intracranial pressure. Electrophoresis allows you to achieve the desired concentration of the main component in the affected tissues.
The drug acts pointwise, so systemic side effects are rare. Electrophoresis is prescribed for newborns older than 30 days. A napkin soaked in the solution is applied to the sore spot and the electrodes are fixed. The duration of the procedure does not exceed 15 minutes, during which time the medicine penetrates into the affected areas. The course of treatment is 8-10 sessions.
To restore the functional activity of the internal organs after birth injuries, newborns undergo electrophoresis according to Ratner. The child is given 2 napkins soaked in various drugs: 1 - a solution of aminophylline (on the cervical vertebrae), 2 - a solution of papaverine (on the ribs). Current strength - no more than 2 mA. Duration - 15 minutes. The procedure has practically no contraindications, apart from skin diseases, arterial hypertension, arrhythmia and heart failure.
Inhalations
Inhalations with Eufillin are prescribed for adults and children with bronchial obstruction and dry cough. The active ingredient quickly penetrates the systemic circulation and reaches the affected organ. The procedure is carried out using a special device - a nebulizer. Eufillin diluted in warm water is poured into a special compartment. The released vapors must be inhaled for 10 minutes. The procedure is repeated 2 times a day.
Side effects and overdose
Side effects occur with an incorrectly selected dosing regimen. These include:
- tachypnea;
- pain in the chest;
- flushed face;
- increased sweating;
- hematuria;
- frequent urge to urinate;
- albuminuria;
- hypoglycemia;
- fever
- rashes on the skin;
- loss of appetite;
- change in taste preferences;
- exacerbation of an ulcer;
- uncontrolled vomiting;
- heartburn;
- pain in the epigastric region;
- diarrhea
- bouts of nausea;
- angina pectoris of uncontrolled type;
- lowering blood pressure;
- cardialgia;
- cardiopalmus;
- arrhythmia;
- sleep disorders (drowsiness/insomnia);
- tremor;
- psychoemotional overexcitation (anxiety, aggression, irritability);
- dizziness;
- headache.
Ailments are often dose-dependent, so experts recommend adjusting the dosing regimen in the direction of decreasing it if side effects appear.
Overdose symptoms develop with a multiple increase in the daily allowance. The characteristic features are:
- convulsions, light or sound phobia;
- tremor;
- arrhythmia;
- overexcitation;
- hyperemia of the skin;
- uncontrolled vomiting;
- prolonged diarrhea.
Eufillin does not have a specific antidote. A patient who has symptoms of an overdose must be taken to the nearest medical facility: gastric lavage and taking enterosorbents will not help in this case. Removal of toxins is carried out by enhancing the processes of natural detoxification (formed diuresis).
If the dose introduced into the body exceeds 0.5 mg / ml, then the patient is provided with respiratory support (artificial ventilation of the lungs), hemodialysis, hemosorption and plasmapheresis are performed. The doctor should monitor the hemodynamic parameters. If the patient has convulsions, Diazepam is administered intramuscularly. Barbiturates are strictly prohibited.
special instructions
A toxic effect develops if the concentration of the main component in the blood reaches 0.03 mg / ml. Eufillin has a stimulating effect on the respiratory organs only if the content of the substance in the blood does not exceed 0.01 mg / ml. Children under 3 years of age and elderly patients require careful use, the medication for this category of patients is prescribed as a last resort.
The drug can be used in geriatrics: it is prescribed in minimal doses. During the treatment period, experts recommend completely abandoning drinks containing caffeine and taurine. Chocolate and strong black hare are to be excluded from the diet. Before injection, the syringe with the solution should be held in your hands for a while so that it warms up.
Alcohol compatibility
The drug has a negative compatibility with alcohol. Before starting treatment, the patient is instructed to completely abandon the use of drinks that contain ethanol.
Interaction with other drugs
Beta-blockers, caffeine, ephedrine and Furosemide can enhance the effect of Eufillin, so these components are rarely combined. The therapeutic activity of the drug is reduced by Carbamazepine, Sulfinpyrazone, Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Phenobarbital and Phenytoin, so the dose of the bronchodilator is increased. In patients who smoke more than 15-20 cigarettes per day, there is an accelerated metabolism of Eufillin.
With the simultaneous use of antiviral drugs, beta-blockers, Disulfiram, Fluvoxamine, Viloxazine, Lincomycin, Cimetidine, Isoprenaline, Allopurine, macrolide antibiotics with Eufillin, the therapeutic dose of the latter should be increased. If the patient was prescribed a bronchodilator in combination with fluoroquinolone antibiotics, the dose of Eufillin is reduced by 25%.
Hypoglycemia develops with the combined use of diuretics, glucocorticosteroids and a drug with a bronchodilatory effect. Eufillin enhances the therapeutic effect of anticoagulants. Solutions of levulose, glucose and fructose are incompatible with the drug. The drug can be diluted only with sodium chloride.
Terms of dispensing from pharmacies
The drug, regardless of the form of release, requires a prescription from pharmacies. Before buying, the patient must present to the pharmacist a form with the seal of the attending physician. The drug is included in list B. The approximate cost is from 15 rubles.
Storage conditions and shelf life
Opened packages are strictly forbidden to be kept in the public domain. They are stored in a safe place for pets and children. For these purposes, cabinet shelves are used (preferably the top ones). Storage temperature - no more than 18 ° C. Shelf life - 24 months.
Analogues (briefly)
The drug has several generics with a similar therapeutic effect. These include:
- Theotard. Produced in the form of capsules. It contains theophylline, a derivative of xanthine. It has a bronchodilating effect, quickly eliminating the obstruction of the bronchial canals. The cost is 180-195 rubles.
- Teopak. Release form - tablets. The main component is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, a purine derivative. Due to the ability of the drug to have a vasodilatory effect, the blood flow in the kidneys increases, the smooth muscles of the bronchi relax. Price - from 200 rubles.
- Aerofillin. The active ingredient is doxophylline. The drug is sold in the form of tablets. The antispasmodic is able to have a bronchodilatory effect. The contractile function of the smooth muscle tissue of the bronchi decreases with systematic use. The cost is 122 rubles.
- Neophyllin. Long-acting tablets contain theophylline. Bronchodilator is able to improve the functional activity of the respiratory and intercostal muscles. Price - 55 rubles.
The drugs are in different price categories. Each of them has a number of contraindications, so medications are prescribed by a doctor after a detailed examination. Self-selection of medication is strictly prohibited.
Instructions for the medical use of the medicinal product
Eufillin
Tradename
Eufillin
International non-proprietary name
Aminophylline
Dosage form
Solution for intravenous administration 24 mg/ml, 10 ml
Compound
1 ml of solution contains
active substance - aminophylline 24.0 mg
excipient- water for injections
Description
Clear colorless or slightly colored liquid
Pharmacotherapeutic group
Drugs for the treatment of obstructive respiratory diseases. Other drugs for the treatment of obstructive airways disease for systemic use.
xanthines
Aminophylline
ATX code R03DA05
Pharmacological properties
Pharmacokinetics
Bioavailability-90-100%. The time to reach the maximum concentration in blood plasma when administered intravenously is 0.3 g-15 minutes, the maximum concentration in blood plasma is 7 μg / ml. The volume of distribution is in the range of 0.3-0.7 l / kg (30-70% of the “ideal” body weight), with an average of 0.45 l / kg. Communication with plasma proteins in adults - 60%, in newborns - 36%, in patients with cirrhosis of the liver - 36%. Penetrates into breast milk (10% of the accepted dose), through the placental barrier (the concentration in the blood serum of the fetus is slightly higher than in the mother's serum).
Aminophylline exhibits bronchodilating properties at concentrations of 10-20 μg / ml. Concentrations above 20 mg/ml are toxic. The excitatory effect on the respiratory center is realized at a lower content of the drug in the blood - 5-10 μg / ml. It is metabolized at physiological pH values with the release of free theophylline, which is further metabolized in the liver with the participation of several cytochrome P450 isoenzymes. As a result, 1,3-dimethyluric acid (45-55%) is formed, which has pharmacological activity, but is 1-5 times inferior to theophylline. Caffeine is an active metabolite and is formed in small amounts, with the exception of premature infants and children under 6 months of age, in which, due to the extremely long half-life of caffeine, its significant accumulation in the body occurs (up to 30% of that for aminophylline).
In children older than 3 years and in adults, the phenomenon of caffeine accumulation is absent. Half-life in newborns and children up to 6 months. - more than 24 hours; in children older than 6 months - 3.7 hours; in adults, 8.7 hours; in "smokers" (20-40 cigarettes per day) - 4-5 hours (after quitting smoking, normalization of pharmacokinetics after 3-4 months); in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cor pulmonale and pulmonary heart failure - over 24 hours. Excreted by the kidneys. In newborns, about 50% of theophylline is excreted unchanged in the urine versus 10% in adults, which is associated with insufficient activity of liver enzymes.
Pharmacodynamics
Bronchodilator, purine derivative; inhibits phosphodiesterase, increases the accumulation of cAMP in tissues, blocks adenosine (purine) receptors; reduces the flow of Ca2 + through the channels of cell membranes, reduces the contractile activity of smooth muscles.
It relaxes the muscles of the bronchi, increases mucociliary clearance, stimulates diaphragm contraction, improves the function of the respiratory and intercostal muscles, stimulates the respiratory center, increases its sensitivity to carbon dioxide and improves alveolar ventilation, which ultimately leads to a decrease in the severity and frequency of apnea episodes. By normalizing the respiratory function, it helps to saturate the blood with oxygen and reduce the concentration of carbon dioxide.
Enhances lung ventilation in conditions of hypokalemia.
It has a stimulating effect on the activity of the heart, increases the strength and frequency of heart contractions, increases coronary blood flow and myocardial oxygen demand. Reduces the tone of blood vessels (mainly the vessels of the brain, skin and kidneys). It has a peripheral venodilating effect, reduces pulmonary vascular resistance, lowers pressure in the "small" circle of blood circulation. Increases renal blood flow, has a moderate diuretic effect.
Expands the extrahepatic bile ducts.
Stabilizes mast cell membranes, inhibits the release of mediators of allergic reactions.
It inhibits platelet aggregation (suppresses the platelet activating factor and PgE2 alpha), increases the resistance of erythrocytes to deformation (improves the rheological properties of blood), reduces thrombosis and normalizes microcirculation. It has a tocolytic effect, increases the acidity of gastric juice.
When used in high doses, it has an epileptogenic effect.
Indications for use
status asthmaticus (adjunctive therapy)
cerebrovascular accident by ischemic type (as part of combination therapy)
left ventricular failure with bronchospasm and respiratory failure of the Cheyne-Stokes type
edematous syndrome of renal genesis (as part of complex therapy)
Dosage and administration
Adults:
Intravenously injected slowly (within 4-6 minutes) 5-10 ml of 24 mg/ml solution (0.12-0.24 g), which is pre-diluted in 10-20 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution. When palpitations, dizziness, nausea appear, the rate of administration is slowed down or switched to drip administration, for which 10-20 ml of a 24 mg / ml solution (0.24-0.48 g) is diluted in 100-150 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution; administered at a rate of 30-50 drops per minute.
Eufillin is administered parenterally up to 3 times a day, no more than 14 days.
The highest doses of aminophylline for adults: single - 0.25 g, daily - 0.5 g.
For emergencies adults are injected intravenously at a dose of 6 mg / kg, diluted in 10-20 ml of 0.9% NaCl solution, injected slowly over at least 5 minutes.
With asthmatic status, intravenous drip is indicated - 720-750 mg.
Children:
The drug is contraindicated in children under 14 years of age due to side effects.
Higher doses for children from 14 to 18 years of age in / in - single 3 microns / kg, daily - 0.25 to 0.5 g.
Side effects
- dizziness, headache, insomnia, agitation, anxiety, irritability, tremor, fever, facial flushing
Palpitations, tachycardia, arrhythmia, decrease in blood pressure, up to collapse (with rapid intravenous administration), cardialgia, increased frequency of angina attacks
- gastralgia, diarrhea , nausea, vomiting, gastroesophageal reflux, heartburn, exacerbation of peptic ulcer, diarrhea, loss of appetite (with prolonged use)
- skin rash, itching, increased sweating
Compaction, hyperemia, soreness (at the injection site)
- chest pain, tachypnea
hypoglycemia
Increased diuresis, albuminuria, hematuria
The frequency of occurrence of side effects decreases with a decrease in the dose of the drug.
Contraindications
Children's age up to 14 years
Hypersensitivity (including to other xanthine derivatives: caffeine, pentoxifylline, theobromine)
Epilepsy
Severe arterial hyper- or hypotension
Severe tachyarrhythmias
Hemorrhagic stroke
Retinal hemorrhage
Carefully: pregnancy, age over 55 years and uncontrolled hypothyroidism (possibility of cumulation), sepsis, prolonged hyperthermia, gastroesophageal reflux, peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum (history), prostate adenoma.
Drug Interactions
Ephedrine, beta-agonists, caffeine and furosemide enhance the effect of the drug. In combination with phenobarbital, difenin, rifampicin, isoniazid, carbamazepine or sulfinpyrazone, a decrease in the effectiveness of aminophylline is observed, which may require an increase in the doses of the drug used. The clearance of the drug is reduced when administered in combination with macrolide antibiotics, lincomycin, allopurinol, cimetidine, isoprenaline, beta-blockers, which may require a dose reduction. Oral estrogen-containing contraceptives, antidiarrheal drugs, intestinal sorbents weaken, and H2-histamine blockers, slow calcium channel blockers, mexiletin enhance the effect (they bind to the cytochrome P450 enzymatic system and slow down the metabolism of aminophylline). In the case of use in combination with enoxacin and other fluoroquinolines, the dose of aminophylline is reduced. The drug inhibits the therapeutic effects of lithium carbonate and beta-blockers. Appointment of beta-blockers - interferes with the bronchodilating effect of eufillin and can cause bronchospasm. Eufillin potentiates the action of diuretics by increasing glomerular filtration and reducing tubular reabsorption. With caution, aminophylline is prescribed simultaneously with anticoagulants, with other derivatives of theophylline or purine. It is not recommended to use aminophylline with agents that excite the central nervous system (increases neurotoxicity). The drug should not be used with dextrose solutions; it is not compatible with glucose, fructose and levulose solutions. The pH of the solutions to be mixed should be taken into account: pharmaceutically incompatible with acid solutions.
Increases the likelihood of side effects of glucocorticosteroids, mineralocorticosteroids (hypernatremia), general anesthesia (increases the risk of ventricular arrhythmias).
With simultaneous use with enoxacin, small doses of ethanol, disulfiram, fluoroquinolones, recombinant interferon alfa, methotrexate, mexiletine, propafenone, thiabendazole, ticlopidine, verapamil, and with influenza vaccination, the intensity of the action of aminophylline may increase, which may require a reduction in its dose.
special instructions
The drug is prescribed with caution, under constant medical supervision, to patients:
With severe violations of the liver and kidneys (liver and / or kidney failure)
Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum (in history), with bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract in a recent history
In severe coronary insufficiency (acute phase of myocardial infarction, angina pectoris)
With widespread atherosclerosis of the vessels
With hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
With frequent ventricular extrasystoles
With increased convulsive readiness
With uncontrolled hypothyroidism (possibility of cumulation) or thyrotoxicosis
With prolonged hyperthermia
With gastroesophageal reflux
With prostatic hypertrophy.
Pregnancy and lactation
The use of aminophylline during pregnancy can lead to the creation of potentially dangerous concentrations of theophylline and caffeine in the body of the fetus and newborn. Newborns whose mothers received aminophylline during pregnancy (especially the third trimester) need medical supervision to control possible symptoms of methylxanthines intoxication. Prescribing the drug during pregnancy requires a careful assessment of the benefits for the treatment of the mother and the potential risk to the fetus, is made only for extreme vital indications.
Breastfeeding while taking the drug should be discontinued.
Features of the influence of the drug on the ability to drive a vehicle or potentially dangerous mechanisms
Given the possibility of developing side effects of the drug, during the period of treatment it is necessary to refrain from driving vehicles and engaging in potentially hazardous activities that require increased concentration of attention and speed of psychomotor reactions.
Overdose
Symptoms: anorexia, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, pain in the epigastric region, gastrointestinal bleeding, tachycardia, ventricular arrhythmia, tremor, generalized convulsions, hyperventilation, a sharp decrease in blood pressure.
Treatment: withdrawal of the drug, stimulation of its excretion from the body (forced diuresis, hemosorption, plasma sorption, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis) and the appointment of symptomatic agents. Diazepam (by injection) is used to stop seizures. Barbiturates should not be used. With severe intoxication (eufillin content more than 50 g / l), hemodialysis is recommended.
Thanks
The site provides reference information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases should be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Expert advice is required!
Eufillin is an antispasmodic drug that relaxes the smooth muscles of all internal organs, such as the uterus, bladder, bronchi, blood vessels, bile ducts, etc. Due to the relaxation of smooth muscles, Eufillin stops spasm and excessive contractions of internal organs caused by any causative factor. Thus, Eufillin dilates blood vessels, relieves bronchospasm, reduces the contractile activity of the uterus, stopping the threat of miscarriage or premature birth, etc.Release forms, names and composition of Euphyllin
Currently, Eufillin is produced by various pharmaceutical plants in the countries of the former USSR, in most cases under the same name - "Eufillin". However, some pharmaceutical factories, having decided to register their own name, which would distinguish their product from many others, use various variants of names containing the word "Eufillin". Usually, in such cases, some word or abbreviation is added to "Eufillin", which is related to the name of the drug manufacturer, for example, Eufillin-Darnitsa, Eufillin-UBF and some others. However, all these drugs are actually the same, since they are produced using the same technology developed back in the USSR. In the following text, under the name "Eufillin" we will mean all the described drugs, which differ from each other only by a few letters in the name.So, Eufillin is available in three dosage forms:
- Tablets for oral administration;
- Solution for intravenous administration;
- Solution for intramuscular injection.
As an active substance, all dosage forms of Eufillin include a substance aminophylline in the following different quantities:
- Tablets - 150 mg of aminophylline;
- Solution for intravenous administration - 24 mg of aminophylline per 1 ml (2.4%);
- Solution for intramuscular injection - 240 mg of aminophylline per 1 ml (24%).
In solutions for intramuscular and intravenous injections, only purified water and a preservative are included as auxiliary components, which may be different for preparations produced by different pharmaceutical plants. Therefore, in order to obtain complete and accurate information about the auxiliary components of this particular injection solution, it is recommended to carefully study the instructions attached to the medicine. Euphyllin tablets contain calcium stearate and potato starch as excipients.
Tablets are available in packs of 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 80 and 100 pieces. A solution for intravenous administration of 2.4% is available in ampoules of 5 ml and 10 ml. A solution for intramuscular injection of 24% is available in 1 ml ampoules.
Eufillin - prescription
A prescription for a solution of Eufillin for intravenous injection is written as follows:
Rep: Sol. Euphyllini 2.4% - 10 ml
D.t.d. No. 10 inamp.
S. dilute with 0.9% NaCl (saline) 10 ml, inject slowly 10 ml intravenously.
A prescription for a solution of Eufillin for intramuscular injection is written in exactly the same way as for a solution for intravenous administration, but with the only difference - after the words "Sol. Euphyllini" a concentration of 24% is indicated. After the letter S, the doctor may indicate how the solution should be administered. However, often the doctor does not write in the prescription how to administer the solution, but explains the rules and methods of injecting a person in words.
The prescription for Eufillin tablets is written as follows:
Rep: Tab. Euphyllini 150 mg
D.t.d. No. 10 intab.
S. Take 1 tablet 3 times daily.
In prescriptions, after the letters "Rp", the Latin name of the drug (in this case, Euphyllini) and its dosage form (Sol. - solution or Tab. - tablets) are indicated. After the name, the concentration of the solution or the dosage of the tablets is written. On the next line, after the letters "D.t.d." under the number icon indicates the number of ampoules or tablets that the pharmacist must dispense to the person who presented the prescription. Finally, on the last line of the prescription, after the letter "S", the doctor writes how the drug should be used. This information is intended for the patient himself.
Therapeutic effect of the drug
Eufillin reduces the contractile activity of smooth muscles that are present in those internal organs that need to make muscle spastic contractions in order to move their contents, for example, bronchi, bile ducts, uterus, bladder, blood vessels, intestines, etc. All of these organs are involved in the promotion of any content: air passes through the bronchi, blood flows through the vessels, etc. Accordingly, to perform their functions, these internal organs make contractile movements provided by smooth muscles.If smooth muscles are strained excessively, then instead of rhythmic contractions, a spasm develops, the lumen of the organ narrows sharply, and various substances either cease to be transported at all, or the speed of this process slows down significantly. After all, a small amount of blood flows through a narrow lumen in a blood vessel, and air also passes through sharply narrowed bronchi with great difficulty, etc. In order to restore the normal patency of the organ and ensure regular transportation of substances at the required speed and in the required quantity, it is necessary to eliminate the spasm of smooth muscles, that is, to relax them. After muscle relaxation, the lumen of the organ expands and all substances can pass through it unhindered. Eufillin causes just such a relaxation of smooth muscles and, accordingly, the relief of their spasm with the restoration of patency.
Since smooth muscles are found in many internal organs, and Eufillin has a non-selective effect, when it is used, all smooth muscle structures relax and, accordingly, multiple effects from various systems occur.
So, Eufillin has the following therapeutic effects on various organs and tissues:
- Relaxes the muscles of the bronchi, expands their lumen and, thereby, stops bronchospasm;
- Stimulates the work of the respiratory center in the brain;
- Reduces the number and severity of sleep apnea attacks;
- Increases the strength and frequency of heart contractions;
- Increases the intensity of cardiac blood flow and myocardial oxygen demand;
- Reduces the tone of blood vessels, relaxing them and lowering blood pressure;
- Improves peripheral microcirculation in tissues;
- Increases blood supply to the kidneys and thus has a moderate diuretic effect;
- Expands the biliary tract, relieving spasm and pain;
- Prevents the development of allergic reactions;
- Reduces the adhesion of platelets to each other and the formation of blood clots;
- Increases the resistance of erythrocytes to deformation;
- It has a tocolytic effect (relaxes the uterus and eliminates the threat of miscarriage or premature birth);
- Increases the acidity of gastric juice;
- In high doses, it can provoke epileptic seizures.
Eufillin - indications for use
Indications for the use of tablets and solutions for injection are different and are shown in the table.| Indications for the use of Eufillin solutions for intravenous and intramuscular injections | Indications for the use of Eufillin tablets |
| asthmatic status | Broncho-obstructive syndrome (bronchospasm) of any origin, such as asthma, pulmonary hypertension, sleep apnea, COPD, etc. |
| Apnea in newborns | |
| Impaired cerebral circulation by type of ischemia (as part of complex therapy) | |
| Left ventricular failure associated with bronchospasm and Cheyne-Stokes respiration | |
| Renal edema (as part of complex therapy) |
That is, the tablets are recommended for use in the chronic course of the disease with recurring episodes of bronchospasm. And intravenous or intramuscular injections are indicated only for acute, life-threatening emergency conditions, regardless of the cause that provoked them.
Non-standard use of the drug (for which procedures it is used)
Eufillin is used in the treatment of various conditions and diseases in which it is necessary to improve blood microcirculation and reduce tissue tension and tone. In such situations, Eufillin is recommended to be delivered to the affected areas during electrophoresis, since this guarantees the penetration of the drug into the tissues.Electrophoresis with Eufillin is used in the following cases:
- Osteochondrosis;
- Arthrosis and arthritis of various joints;
- Chronical bronchitis;
- Violation of cerebral circulation;
- Increased intracranial pressure;
- Hypertonicity or hypotonicity of muscles in children;
- Dysplasia of the femoral head in infants;
- Prolonged non-closure of the fontanel in infants;
- Nerve lesions in adults (eg, facial nerve).
Instructions for use
Consider the various nuances of using Eufillin tablets and solutions separately to avoid confusion.Eufillin tablets - instructions for use
Tablets should be taken after meals, swallowed whole and washed down with a small amount of water (half a glass is enough). If necessary (for example, with difficulty swallowing), the tablet can be broken into halves or quarters and swallowed one by one. For the treatment of bronchospasm, adults should take Eufillin 150 mg (1 tablet) 2 to 3 times a day. For children, the dosage of tablets is calculated individually based on body weight, based on the ratio of 7-10 mg per 1 kg of weight. The amount of Eufillin calculated in this way is divided into 4 doses. For example, a child weighing 20 kg should take 10 * 20 = 200 mg of Euphyllin per day. This amount - 200 mg should be divided into 4 doses - 200/4 = 50 mg. Thus, a child weighing 20 kg should take 50 mg (1/3 tablet) of Eufillin 4 times a day.
The maximum allowable single dose of Eufillin for adults is 500 mg (3.3 tablets), and the daily dose is 1500 mg (10 tablets). For children, the highest single dosage is 10 mg per 1 kg, and the daily dose is 15 mg per 1 kg.
The duration of therapy with Eufillin is determined by the individual characteristics of the organism and the rate of normalization of the condition. So, for some people, to relieve bronchospasm, it is enough to take Eufillin for several days, while others will have to drink the drug for 2 to 5 months in a row. The duration of treatment is determined by the attending physician, who knows the person’s medical history, is aware of his reactions to drugs, the individual rate of normalization of the condition and a decrease in the tone of the smooth muscles of the bronchi.
If a person takes Eufillin on his own, then it is necessary to stop therapy no earlier than 4 to 5 days after the complete relaxation of the bronchi has occurred, which is manifested in ease of breathing.
In addition to the indicated scheme for the use of Euphyllin tablets, which implies self-treatment, which initially consisted in taking the drug orally, there is another option for maintenance therapy. This maintenance therapy consists in the course use of Eufillin tablets after the relief of an acute condition with the help of intravenous injections of a solution of the same drug. Maintenance therapy with Eufillin is aimed at maintaining the result achieved by injections, as well as achieving sustainable remission and preventing repeated episodes of severe, life-threatening bronchospasm.
Maintenance therapy begins with taking the minimum dosage of Eufillin tablets, which can be increased by 25% every three days, until the maximum allowable amount of drug use is reached. The duration of therapy is determined by the rate of onset of a stable remission with no episodes of bronchospasm.
So, for adults, the minimum maintenance dosage is as follows - 1 tablet every 6 hours (that is, take 1 tablet 4 times a day). After three days, the dosage can be increased by 25%, that is, by 1 tablet and take not 4, but 5 tablets per day. This fifth tablet can be divided into four parts and taken 1 + 1/4 tablets 4 times a day. But you can take one additional tablet whole in one of the four daily doses. For example, in the morning take 2 tablets at once, and in the remaining three doses - one at a time. The maximum daily dosage for adults for maintenance treatment is 900 mg, which corresponds to 6 tablets.
For children, the initial dosage of maintenance therapy is calculated by body weight from a ratio of 16 mg per 1 kg. The calculated amount of the drug is divided into 3-4 doses per day. If necessary, as for adults, every 3 days you can increase the daily dosage by 25% until the maximum allowable values are reached. The maximum daily dosage for maintenance treatment in children is determined by age and is as follows:
- Children under 1 year old- dosage is calculated by the formula: 0.3 * age in weeks + 8;
- Children 1 – 9 years old- the maximum allowable daily dosage is 22 mg per 1 kg;
- Children 9 – 12 years old- 20 mg per 1 kg;
- Children 12 - 16 years old- 18 mg per 1 kg.
- Children from 0 to 6 months - dosage is calculated by the formula: 0.07 * age in weeks + 1.7. The calculated amount of Eufillin is given to the child every 8 hours (3 times a day).
- Children 6 – 12 months - calculated by the formula: 0.05 * age in weeks + 1.25. The calculated amount of the drug is given to the child every 6 hours (4 times a day).
- Children 1 – 9 years old- 5 mg per 1 kg every 6 hours.
- Children 9 – 12 years old
- Children 12 - 16 years old
- Adult non-smokers and non-liver sufferers - 3 mg per 1 kg every 6 hours.
- adult smokers - 4 mg per 1 kg every 6 hours.
- Adults with liver disease - 2 mg per 1 kg every 8 hours.
Eufillin ampoules - instructions for use
The ampoules may contain a solution of Eufillin of different concentrations, intended, respectively, for intravenous or intramuscular administration. If the concentration of 2.4% or 2% is indicated on the ampoule, then this is a solution for intravenous administration. And if the concentration of the solution is 24%, then it is intended for intramuscular injection. That is, the difference in the concentration of solutions for intravenous and intramuscular injections is 10 times. These solutions are not interchangeable, therefore, before performing an injection, you should always carefully look at the ampoule and read the concentration of this particular drug. Intravenous administration of Eufillin is used only in emergency situations, when it is necessary to quickly stop life-threatening bronchospasm. When the acute condition is removed, they switch to the maintenance use of Eufillin in tablets or intramuscular injections. In this case, tablets are the best option, and intramuscular injections are resorted to only in cases where a person for some reason cannot take pills inside (for example, stomach diseases, etc.). However, as soon as possible, it is recommended to switch from intramuscular injections to taking tablets.
So, in acute emergency conditions, Eufillin is administered intravenously by drip (a "dropper" is placed). The dosage is calculated or determined individually depending on the age and weight of the person:
- Adults and teenagers over 16 years old - 6 mg per 1 kg of weight;
- Infants up to 3 months - administer 30 - 60 mg per day;
- Children 4 – 12 months - administer 60 - 90 mg per day;
- Children 2 – 3 years old- administer 90 - 120 mg per day;
- Children 4 – 7 years old- administer 120 - 140 mg per day;
- Children 8 – 16 years old- administer 250 - 500 mg per day.
In case of asthmatic status, regardless of weight, 720–750 mg of Euphyllin are intravenously administered intravenously (30–32 ml of a solution from ampoules is diluted in 250 ml of saline) for 1–2 hours.
Intramuscularly, under various conditions, adults are administered Eufillin at 100–500 mg per day, and for children, the dosage is calculated individually according to the ratio of 15 mg per 1 kg. Moreover, the daily dosage is divided into 3-4 equal parts and, respectively, 3-4 injections per day are made.
Intramuscular and intravenous use of Eufillin should be as short as possible, and at the first opportunity it is necessary to switch to taking tablets. The maximum allowable duration of the injection of Eufillin solutions is 14 days.
Gynecologists prescribe Eufillin in the complex therapy of preeclampsia and edema of pregnant women, with placental insufficiency, as well as with other conditions requiring immediate use of the drug because of the threat to the life of the mother. Thus, Eufillin is not a completely safe drug, but the degree of its "harmlessness" is quite sufficient for use during pregnancy if indicated.
Therefore, if a doctor has prescribed Euphyllin to a pregnant woman, she can take it, strictly observing the prescribed dosages and duration of therapy. But on its own, if any signs disturbing a woman appear, the drug should not be used.
Euphyllin for children
For children under 3 months of age, Eufillin in injections and tablets is prescribed only for health reasons. Intravenous and intramuscular injections of the drug and at an older age are made only in case of emergency, since Eufillin has a pronounced effect on the child's cardiovascular system, as a result of which, after each injection of the solution, the baby must be under the supervision of a doctor.And tablets at an older age are quite widely used in the practice of a pediatrician, who prescribes them for the treatment of bronchospasm, often developing in children suffering from bronchitis. In tablet form, this is the main use of Eufillin. However, pediatricians for the treatment of bronchitis prefer to prescribe Eufillin not in tablets, but in the form of inhalations, for the production of which a 2.4% solution is used.
In infancy (up to a year), Eufillin is used to relieve muscle hypertonicity, reduce intracranial pressure, and also to eliminate developmental delay associated with impaired cerebral circulation. However, in infants, Euphyllin is used, as a rule, during the physiotherapeutic procedure of electrophoresis, since it allows the drug to be administered directly to those areas where it is needed. That is, the introduction of the drug during electrophoresis avoids pronounced systemic effects on blood vessels, bronchi, bile ducts and kidneys, as well as possible irritation of the stomach and intestines, and at the same time creates the necessary concentration of Eufillin in the affected tissues.
Dosages of aminophylline for electrophoresis, inhalation and oral administration are determined by the doctor. Usually, the dosage of Eufillin tablets for a child is calculated according to the ratio of 7-10 mg per 1 kg, after which the resulting value is divided into 3-4 doses per day.
Application for cough
Eufillin dilates the bronchi, as a result of which sputum is more easily removed, and a person can breathe normally without whistling, wheezing and painful coughing fits. If an adult or a child is not bothered by bouts of painful coughing, in which he literally suffocates, then Eufillin is not needed. In such situations, expectorant drugs are quite enough. But if an adult or a child coughs heavily and painfully, he develops whole attacks that do not allow breathing and act literally asphyxiating, then it is recommended to take Eufillin 3 times a day. Adults are recommended to take 1 tablet, and children - 1/4 - 1/3 tablets. As the cough decreases, you should switch to taking only one dose of Eufillin (1 tablet for adults and 1/4 - 1/3 for children) at night so that you can sleep peacefully without coughing fits, which quite often occur with transition from vertical to horizontal position. Between taking the tablets, you should maintain at least a 6-hour interval.
For the purpose of a speedy recovery, 10-15 minutes after taking the Euphyllin tablet, it is recommended to carry out inhalation with ordinary mineral water or saline. This will speed up the excretion of sputum and, accordingly, the healing process will be faster.
Eufillin for inhalation
Inhalations with Eufillin are prescribed for obstructive bronchitis, since the drug expands the bronchi, relieving spasm, and facilitates the removal of sputum. However, the drug has all these effects only when it enters the systemic circulation, that is, when taken orally or injected.The inhalation use of Eufillin belongs to the category of the so-called off-label-prescription, that is, the use is not according to the instructions. Unfortunately, such inhalations are quite widely used, although their effectiveness is very low, since Eufillin has practically no significant effect when it enters the mucous membrane. After all, to achieve a therapeutic effect, the drug must get to the blood.
In such situations, the relaxation of the bronchi and the excretion of sputum occurs due to the fact that during inhalation, water vapor enters the respiratory tract. That is, Eufillin inhalation is comparable in efficiency to inhalation with plain water. Therefore, in order to treat obstructive bronchitis or relieve an asthma attack, it is not recommended to use inhalations with Eufillin.
Electrophoresis with Eufillin (baby, child, adult)
Electrophoresis with Eufillin in people of any age is performed to relieve muscle hypertonicity, reduce intracranial pressure, treat hip dysplasia, osteochondrosis and arthrosis. In other words, electrophoresis with Eufillin is recommended for conditions when it is required to increase blood flow in a specific area. For example, with hypertonicity of the legs, Euphyllin electrophoresis is performed on the lumbar region, with increased intracranial pressure or cerebrovascular insufficiency - on the cervical vertebrae, etc. This physiotherapeutic procedure allows you to create a concentration of the drug directly in the affected tissues, so that it acts pointwise, without causing systemic effects. It is due to the absence of these systemic effects that electrophoresis with Eufillin can be used in
The drug Eufillin instructions for use refers to bronchodilators with antispasmodic and vasodilating properties. Tablets 150 mg, injections in ampoules for injection in solution intravenously and intramuscularly are prescribed to excite the vasomotor and respiratory centers, to improve blood circulation. Patient reviews and doctors' recommendations report that this drug helps in the treatment of status asthmaticus and bronchial obstruction.
Release form and composition
Pharmacies receive:
- Solution for intramuscular injection 240 mg / ml (injections in ampoules for injection).
- Solution for intravenous administration 24 mg / ml (injections in ampoules, in droppers).
- Tablets 150 mg.
One tablet contains 150 mg of the active substance - aminophylline, as well as calcium stearate and potato starch.
The composition of the injection solution contains aminophylline at a concentration of 24 mg/ml. Water d / i is used as an auxiliary component.
What helps Eufillin (tablets and injections)?
Indications for use of the drug in tablets:
- chronic obstructive bronchitis (COB);
- bronchial asthma (BA);
- chronic "cor pulmonale";
- Pickwick's syndrome (paroxysmal sleep apnea);
- emphysema.
Eufillin is the drug of choice for BA of physical exertion, in other forms of the disease it is used in combination with other drugs.
Injections in ampoules are prescribed in cases where the patient is diagnosed with:
- migraine;
- left ventricular failure, accompanied by periodic breathing of the Cheyne-Stokes type and bronchospasm (in combination with other drugs);
- broncho-obstructive syndrome with bronchitis, asthma, cardiac asthma (mainly for relief of attacks) or emphysema;
- hypertension in the pulmonary circulation;
- cerebrovascular insufficiency of the brain (the solution is used in combination with other drugs to reduce intracranial pressure).
Instructions for use
Eufillin tablets
Taken orally, adults should be prescribed 150 mg per dose 1-3 times a day after meals. Children inside should be prescribed at the rate of 7-10 mg / kg per day in 4 divided doses. The duration of the course of treatment is from several days to several months, depending on the course of the disease and the tolerability of the drug.
The highest doses of Eufillin for adults inside: single - 0.5 g, daily - 1.5 g.
Higher doses for children inside: single - 7 mg / kg, daily - 15 mg / kg.
Injection
An individual treatment regimen, which, depending on the indications, age, clinical situation. The solution is administered intravenously, intramuscularly, through a dropper drip.
pharmachologic effect
Eufillin relaxes the smooth muscles of the bronchi and eliminates spasms, thus exerting an expanding effect on them. In addition, it improves the functioning of the cilia of the epithelium of the respiratory tract, improves the contraction of many muscles, including intercostal and diaphragmatic.
The drug is able to stimulate the respiratory center located in the medulla oblongata and improve pulmonary ventilation, helping to saturate the blood with oxygen and reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in it. The mechanism of action of Eufillin on the human body is the inhibition of one of the enzymes - phosphodiesterase.
This helps to reduce the entry of calcium ions into the cells, which are responsible for muscle contraction, to relax the muscles of the bronchi. Also, the drug reduces the tone of blood vessels, mainly vessels located in the skin, kidneys and brain. This helps to relax the venous walls in the pulmonary circulation, reducing the pressure in it.
The use of Eufillin makes it possible to improve the blood supply to the kidneys, which leads to an increase in the amount of urine and the acceleration of its excretion. Also, the drug improves the rheological properties of blood, slowing down platelet aggregation, which makes red blood cells more resistant to damage. Taking the drug can lead to a tocolytic effect on the uterus, as well as increase the acidity of gastric juice.
Contraindications
The use of Eufillin according to the instructions is contraindicated:
- hyperthyroidism;
- with prostate adenoma;
- peptic ulcer;
- diarrhea
- in the acute period of myocardial infarction;
- paroxysmal tachycardia;
- with its intolerance;
- at collapse;
- epilepsy;
- disorders in the liver and kidneys;
- extrasystole.
Side effects
Negative effects of using Eufillin tablets:
- hematuria, albuminuria;
- sleep disturbances, anxiety, dizziness, convulsions, tremor;
- hypoglycemia (rare);
- cardiac arrhythmias, palpitations.
Against the background of injection therapy are possible:
- headache, anxiety, dizziness, agitation, irritability, tremor, insomnia;
- skin itching, skin rashes, fever;
- tachypnea, chest pain, hypoglycemia, albuminuria, increased diuresis, hematuria, increased sweating, feeling of heat in the face;
- arrhythmias, tachycardia (including in the fetus if the woman took the drug in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy), palpitations, cardialgia, lowering blood pressure, unstable angina;
- nausea, diarrhea, heartburn, gastralgia, vomiting, exacerbation of symptoms of peptic ulcer, GER, with prolonged use - loss of appetite.
Side effects are dose-dependent, that is, to stop them, it is often enough to reduce the dose of the drug.
Local reactions to the introduction of the solution are manifested in the form of skin hyperemia, soreness and the formation of a seal at the injection site.
Children, during pregnancy and lactation
Eufillin is able to cross the placenta and into breast milk, so its use during pregnancy and lactation is limited. In childhood The drug is contraindicated in children (up to 3 years, for prolonged oral forms - up to 12 years). Do not use rectally in children.
special instructions
Exercise caution when consuming large amounts of caffeinated foods or drinks during treatment.
drug interaction
The instruction reports an increase in the side effects of glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and adrenostimulants while taking this medication. Also, the drug is not used simultaneously with other xanthine derivatives.
Eufillin's analogs
According to the structure, analogues are determined:
- Eufillin-Darnitsa.
- Aminophylline.
- Aminophylline-Eskom.
Analogues have a similar effect:
- Theotard.
- Neo-Theophedrin.
- Theobiolong.
- Diprofillin.
- Theobromine.
- Neoteopek A.
- Theophylline.
- Teofedrin-N.
Holiday conditions and price
The average price of Eufillin (tablets 150 mg No. 30) in Moscow is 12 - 17 rubles. Released by prescription.
Store in a dry, dark place at a temperature not exceeding 20 °C. Keep away from children. Shelf life - 5 years.
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