Bell pepper is a wonderful tasty and healthy vegetable that you can ...
If you want to grow something unusual in your garden, move the apple trees and pears to trellises. It will take some effort, but the result will be extraordinarily effective. In spring, facades with lattice structures on the walls are buried in a sea of flowers, and in summer ripe fruits seductively peep through the dark green foliage.
Even thermophilic fruits such as apricots or peaches can be grown on trellises of a certain shape. They ripen well on the sunny side of the house, even in places where the climate is severe enough and unsuitable for the cultivation of such crops.
The more hardy varieties of apple and pear trees, when properly pruned, become more compact and yield fragrant fruits even on the east and west side of the house, which are usually not used for such purposes.
Imagine: you leave the house and pick a ripe apple that grows right on the wall.
The stone wall accumulates heat and creates favorable conditions for plants. Fruit trees on wall trellises not only decorate the house, but also protect it from overheating on especially hot days.
Hedge from apple or pear trees lined up in a vertical line is another interesting option for using trellises. She divides the garden into zones.
The translucent hedge of figuratively cut fruit trees will become a real decoration of the garden.
All to the trellises!
It is important that the trellis - a structure made of wood or wire - is reliable, firmly anchored in the ground, capable of supporting the weight of the plant. Think about how you will repair it, because fruit trees live a long time. Pruning to shape the trees into the desired shape, although it requires certain skills, does not require too much effort, if the species and varieties are suitable for this.
The trellis wire is easily deformed, therefore, before tying up the shoots, it must be additionally tightened.
Willow rods are a natural strapping material. Over time, their binding strength weakens, so there is no danger that the twigs will grow into the bark of the growing branches.
Trellis shapes
Horizontal two-armed cordon- two branches are directed horizontally in different directions and tied to a tightly stretched wire. The lateral shoots that appear then are shortened.
Fan palmette- lateral shoots are directed horizontally to the right and left of the trunk or diagonally upward.
Vertical palmette- the minimum distance between the individual "floors" must be 30 cm.
Most suitable shape trellis for apricots, peaches, as well as cherries and cherries are fan palmette.
Stone fruit crops for fan trellis
1. For flat peaches the variety belongs 'Nikitsky flat'. So they are called because of the characteristic shape of the fruit. The juicy pulp is easily separated from the stone and almost does not lose juice when biting the fruit.
2. 'Triumph of the North'- one of the most reliable apricot varieties for the Non-Black Earth Region: winter-hardy, resistant to spring frosts and various diseases, and even self-pollinated. In spring, the tree blooms beautifully, and by the end of summer, juicy and fragrant fruits ripen on it, which firmly hold on to the branches even in strong winds).
3. Sweet cherry 'Ovstuzhenka' refers to conditionally self-fertile varieties. The flowers are resistant to spring frost.
4. Maroon fruits cherry ‘Chocolate’ sweet, with a slight sourness, in appearance and taste they resemble southern cherries.
All classic and modern artificial crowns developed mainly for apple and pear. On fan palmette, you can also grow stone fruits - apricots, cherries, peaches and some berry bushes, such as currants. But not all varieties fruit trees are suitable for forming:
- Some apple trees with very strong branching (anise, pepins, Chinese) and those in which the bulk of the fruit is formed on long annual branches, do not lend themselves well to curly pruning.
- The use of plants of summer varieties may not always be successful. They will give up apples very early, shed their leaves and lose all decorativeness.
- Trees with small nondescript fruits are also not suitable for creating artificial forms.
- But apple trees of late varieties with bright noticeable fruits will delight the eye until late autumn.
Low-maintenance apple varieties
1. 'Desirable'- apple variety with late summer ripening, winter-hardy and scab resistant. Suitable for growing on dwarf rootstocks.
2. Variety 'Gala Shniga' originally from South Tyrol. Brightly colored fruits of sweet and sour taste ripen in September. Trees of this variety lend themselves to the most modern types of shaping and are ideal for growing on trellises.
3. ‘Christmas’- variety with fruits of early winter ripening period, absolutely scab resistant. Attractive, dessert-flavored apples can be stored until New Years and longer.
4. American cultivar 'Welsey' well known in Russia since the end of the 19th century. It is appreciated for its high yield and excellent taste of large, beautiful fruits of winter consumption. By the nature of the growth of the main branches, it is suitable for fan-type trellises.
Pear varieties for wall trellis
1. Pear of the ‘Chizhovskaya’ variety- the most popular among gardeners near Moscow, it was bred at the Timiryazev Moscow Agricultural Academy. The pear fruits of this summer and very winter-hardy variety are sweet and sour, with a delicate aroma, they can hang on the tree for a long time without crumbling.
2. 'Cathedral'- also a summer winter-hardy variety, created in Timiryazevka and intended for central Russia. The fruits ripen in the second half of August and are suitable for drying.
3. At the ‘Otradnenskaya’ albeit not the most delicious fruits, but very bright, not crumbling for a long time and very shelf life - up to 120 days (at 0 ° C). And the plants themselves are resistant to extreme environmental conditions and diseases.
4. ‘Smart Efimova’- early autumn pear variety, bred back in 1936. The fruits, however, should be picked a little unripe for food and allowed to lie down for 2-3 weeks.
The advantage of fruit trees with artificially formed crowns is not only decorative:
As for the varieties, preference should be given zoned for the area and, moreover, grafted onto a short, better dwarf stock.
Many gardeners are faced with the problem of a lack of free space on their site. For example, you really want to have your own pear or apple tree, and there is only enough space for 2 greenhouses and several beds. An excellent solution in such a situation would be to grow a fruit tree on a trellis attached to a support. This method was first used by the Belgians and the French.
How to grow a tree on a trellis
When growing trees using the trellis method, they are located on a support in the same plane. The main advantages of this method:
- maximum amount of light;
- reduced risk of disease due to good air circulation;
- more efficient watering compared to a regular fruit tree;
- good productivity;
- suitable for all types of trees and shrubs.
Try to choose trees that are small in size and grow slowly and do not rise too high. Be sure to check with the seller what kind of rootstock was used if you buy a seedling in a nursery. The grafting serves as a regulator of the growth of the root system, and also helps to increase the volume of the crop. The rootstock can also limit the height of the tree itself. For example, let's take two apple trees of the same variety. One will reach 9 meters in height, and the growth of the other will stop at 2 meters. This is the influence of the rootstock.
For trellis growing, use rootstock plants that will restrict tree growth to the dwarf or semi-dwarf stage. The formed tree should not exceed 3.5 meters in height.
Shaping the crown
Horizontal cordon
This method is often used for plums and apple trees. The trunk should be one. It will serve as a kind of column. The two main branches are spread apart and tied to the hedge parallel to the ground. The lateral shoots should be grown up to half a meter in length and then trimmed. You can choose their slope, giving the desired shape to objects or shapes. By the way, if there are more trunks, it is called a "double cordon".
Fan
The trunk of the plant is shortened to half a meter, and the lateral branches are directed horizontally and diagonally with rays. Additional shoots are formed on them. This is a versatile method that can be applied to any type of tree. 
Trellis and palmette
The branches of the tree diverge parallel to the ground in numerous tiers, the distance between which should be about 30 cm. The palmette differs in that the branches diverge upward at an angle of 45º. 
Installation and landing
For the location of the future fence, choose places well-lit by the sun. The basis of the structure will be pillars to which wooden strips or wire are attached. The stem of the plant itself is attached to the pillar. Fix the branches in the desired position and fasten them to the jumpers.
The requirements for planting seedlings, pit depth, soil composition and watering schedule are the same as for conventional trees. Plantings can be planted close to each other, depending on the base frame.
Arrange tree species to achieve the best cross-pollination.
An interesting effect is achieved by installing a trellis with a solid wall, to which dwarf trees are planted at such an interval that their grown branches touch, forming a single green hedge. It looks very beautiful, and the fruits growing on it give this building even more charm. 
The variety of shapes and angles at which the frame branches will go is limited only by your imagination. 
Pruning
Pruning fruit trees is the most important part of the whole process. It is necessary to maintain the shape of the crown, prevent disease and prevent excessive growth of shoots. Young trees should be pruned once a year in early spring. The exceptions are cherries and plums, which are best pruned in late spring - early summer.
When fruiting begins, start summer pruning. It is necessary so that the tree does not waste resources on actively growing leaves, but gives them entirely for the production of fruits. Try to cut off the shoots as short as possible, and remove diseased and dried branches completely. 
In addition to pruning the branches, you should also thin out the fruit. Yes, this will somewhat reduce the amount of harvest at the output, but it will help to improve the taste of the remaining fruits. 
The trellis growing method is easy to implement, saves space and transforms the garden beyond recognition. Place the trellis on the wall of the old barn and plant the cherries. An unsightly building will turn into a beautiful object. 
You can do the same with the wall of a house or garage, or create a small labyrinth of green walls in the yard, on which flowers will grow in the spring, and your children can play there from morning to evening.
Planting apple trees under the trellis - video
When the tree is set on a support, it receives more light, the air near it does not stagnate, so fungal diseases occur much less often. Each watering gives a good effect. All the benefits combine to help you reap a large harvest. This growing method can be applied to all types of trees, as well as shrubs or ornamental crops.
For the correct application of the trellis system you need to select slow-growing plants that do not reach large sizes or high growth. If the tree is purchased from a nursery, you need to ask the seller which rootstock was used by the manufacturer. Many people graft plants onto the root system of other crops, which may differ from them in appearance. Sometimes apricots are grafted onto a plum, a pear is grafted onto a quince.
Such vaccines help to slow down and limit the growth of the root system to certain parameters, the fruits on the trees ripen faster, and the harvest is easier.
Apple trees of the same species can reach a height of 10 meters, but are able to complete development after reaching 1-2 meters. Growth depends on the rootstock.
For a trellis culture, you need to select the smallest possible plants, grafted onto the stock, providing the tree with dwarfism or semi-dwarfism. The height of an adult plant should not be more than 3.5 m.
Shaping the crown of trees
- Trellis... On one trunk there should be several pairs of opposite branches, which are tied in a horizontal position. The palmette is similar in appearance to a trellis, but the branches of the tree are tied up, forming an upward angle of 45 °. These methods are used for varieties of apples and pears.
- Fan... The barrel needs to be shortened considerably. All branches are arranged in the shape of rays, sometimes this layout is compared with a lush fan. Side shoots often grow on the branches, which gives the tree extra volume. On such a support, you can grow all trees that, according to the owner, will look good.
- Cordon... All plantings should be with one trunk. If more of them are made, then this method is called a double cordon. The trunk is like a column. The branches are grown to 40-50 cm and cut off. You can grow them in various ways: with the formation of a slope of 45 °, vertically, to recreate the contours of certain objects, for example, a section of a geometric figure. The method is often used for apples, as well as for pears and plums.
- Horizontal cordon... The trunk of the tree should reach 30 cm, then its divergence into 2 separate branches is necessary. They are directed in opposite directions, they are trying to be placed as parallel to the ground as possible. The horizontal arrangement of the branches is fixed. It is suitable for all trees, as well as shrubs and some flower gardens.
- Ballerina... A long trunk without branches is grown. The buds, and then the fruit, can be spread over the entire surface, however, you need to monitor their uniformity. Care consists in thinning new fruits, the tree does not require special pruning. The method is used for dwarf trees. It can be used to form vegetation for small gardens.
- Stam... The trunk is not covered with branches or buds at a height of up to 1 meter. A lush crown is located at the top of the tree. The trunk requires a solid support. Any trees can be grown in this way. Fruits grow well on such plants. They serve as an original decoration for any plant areas.
- Bush forms... The crown is located on the principle of a pyramid. This shape allows all the elements of the plant to receive enough light, heat and air.
Installation of supports and landing
Tapestries always installed on a warm area that is regularly illuminated by the sun. On a heavy structure, which consists of metal posts and frames, a flat screen of slats or rigid wire is mounted. The trunk of the tree is attached to the post, and the shaped branches are fixed with wire and slats.
Seedlings for planting with a trellis method, like ordinary trees, must be deepened to the prescribed distance into the ground, and the optimal composition of the soil must be maintained. They can be seated close to each other, if the shape of the support allows.
Place in the neighborhood those tree varieties that are best for cross-pollination.
Pruning
Much of the care of fruit trees is their timely pruning. The action helps to maintain the compactness of trees, to maintain the required shape.
All cuts are made with a sharp pruner at an angle. In the first years of life, young fruit trees need to be trimmed only once a year: in winter or early spring. It is at this time that the seasonal growing season stops before the onset of the warm season. Plums and cherries, on the other hand, are pruned during the warm season, which in most regions lasts from spring to autumn.
Pruning helps to form a tree frame, set the length of the trunk, branches, the number of fruit buds. When the tree begins to bear fruit, summer pruning is added. It occurs during the ripening period of the fruit. Fresh green mass, the growth of which is activated in summer, should be removed so as not to take away the strength from the tree, but to direct all its energy to preparing the future harvest. All shoots are shortened to the maximum. Sick or damaged branches are also cut.
At the end of pruning, the fruit should be thinned. This action will contribute to obtaining a smaller amount of the crop, however, it will significantly improve its quality. Damaged, diseased, or weak fruit can be removed to make room for the rest of the fruit to develop.
Growing apple trees on trellises
Apple trees can be grown in most ways. Gives the form of a palmette, a fan, all types of cordons, including horizontal, ballerinas, trunk and others. It is possible to grow single trees and then install them in places requiring decorations. Sometimes such dwarf apple trees are used in the development of interior design, as they look no less interesting than rare species of other plants.
The trellis frame is made of metal, sometimes wood is used. Wire is used to form a specific silhouette of the plant. The trees are given the planned shape in stages; it may take several years for the plantation to look as it should. Before new shoots appear in the spring, strong branches are given a new shape, and unnecessary shoots are removed.
Growing trees on trellises will help you make your own mini garden with ornamental plants... This method is suitable for owners of small plots of land or who want to diversify the interior in the yard or inside the house. Proper cultivation will allow you to make unusual, exotic plants from familiar trees.
Trellises in the garden are used to fence off a plot, to close some areas of the dacha from neighbors, and of course, just to simply decorate our dacha.
Branches of woody plants rarely grow the way we would like. Therefore, in the 17th century, resourceful gardeners, having shown ingenuity, began to tie the branches of fruit trees to a frame made of planks, giving the plants the shape of trellises. The advantages were obvious - the pears grew only in breadth, not upward, and it was convenient to harvest the crop. The technology of growing plants on a trellis, which was initially used exclusively for fruit trees, soon began to be used for ornamental plants, such as roses.
Trees with cube-shaped crowns do not belong to trellis crops, as they are mostly grown without a frame. But visually, they are similar to their tapestry relatives and have also fallen in love with gardeners and owners of summer cottages from time immemorial. They still serve as a living fence that protects houses from cold winds, especially in coastal areas.
Trees on a trellis or cube-shaped plants look great not only in traditional but also in modern gardens. Their clear and uncluttered forms make them ideal for a simple, regular garden design. Their symmetry makes a much stronger impression than, for example, a trimmed hedge. In addition, trellis crops do an excellent job with the role of delimiters of space in the garden or barriers to protect from prying eyes. It should be mentioned that woody plants with an artfully shaped crown look wonderful in the company of trimmed low hedges of boxwood or yew.
A significant advantage of tapestries is that they do not take up much space. The planting area is easy to calculate. For a hornbeam on a trellis, for example, you will need an area only half a meter wide. This compactness opens up new design possibilities, especially for small gardens. Another plus of plants on a trellis is that they can be used to plant trees on the walls of a house or outbuildings.
Along with linden and hornbeam, it is good to grow other trees on a trellis: liquidambar (Liquidambar), field maple (Acer campestre), beech (Fagus), swamp oak (Quercus palustris) and apple tree (Malus). As for plane trees, green roofs are most often formed of them, placing the lower branches on a horizontal trellis. Their dense green foliage protects well from the sun and gives the resting place a southern flavor. Mulberry (Morus) and bean (Laburnum) can also be formed on a trellis in the form of a canopy.
Trellis fruit trees are best planted against walls, since they have the ability to accumulate heat from the sun - especially on the south side of the building. This has a beneficial effect on thermophilic plant species - pears, peaches and grapes. Here, their fruits will ripen faster and become especially aromatic and tasty. Apple trees and berry bushes, on the other hand, grow better against the wall on the west side of the house, where there is less sunlight. But the rows of low trellis trees are optimal for edging orchards and vegetable gardens.
Those wishing to grow tapestry crops on their own will have to be patient: the branches must be tied up and cut regularly over the years. Therefore, ready-to-plant trees formed on a trellis are much more expensive than conventional hedges: a lot of time and labor is invested in them. It is not so easy to care for them, but the effort spent is worth it: over the years, tapestry plants only become more beautiful and expressive.
Correct pruning of wood on a trellis
In the first year, the contours of the tree on the trellis can be shaped with a brush cutter in the fall. And in order to maintain this shape further, in early spring for 2-3 years it is necessary to pick up a pruner: shorten all old branches that go beyond the conceived contour, leaving short palm-wide hemp (small picture). Since numerous overgrowing branches quickly appear on them, the plant quickly becomes dense and forms a dense "wall" to protect it from prying eyes. When all the branches that go beyond the contour are removed, you will get the intended geometric shape, while the bush will not thicken. In late June or late summer, pruning can be done again.
Apple trees and pears on trellises
Apple trees and pears on low-growing rootstocks are great for growing on a small trellis near the wall of the house. The frame of the product can be made of wood or metal; stretched wire is also suitable. Trees should be formed on the trellis in stages. Every year, before the emergence of new shoots, the strongest branches of the trees are bent to a horizontal position and tied to a trellis, and unwanted branches are removed. Pears are re-pruned in summer: vertical shoots are shortened, leaving a stump with 3-4 leaves.
Trellis garden photo:
1-2 Trellis pears frame the recreation area. They do not take up much space and perfectly divide the space. This tree will sprout many new shoots after thorough pruning, so try not to overdo it.
The crown of the pear is shaped like a fan and planted against the wall of the house. Here, its fruits ripen faster due to the fact that the wall retains heat.
3.Symmetry in gold tones: The yellow-tinted maple foliage looks especially bright in sunlight.
Decorative growing of trees on a trellis - photo
Flat apple tree on a trellis
Usually, trellises serve as a support for vines or plants with long soft stems: grapes, clematis, climbing roses, cucumbers, beans, peas. All the more surprising they look on the trellises ... fruit trees!
TWO-DIMENSIONAL TREE
In traditional gardening, formative pruning only corrects the natural shape of the crown. The size of the branches, their number, subordination and other parameters are regulated. As a result, the crown becomes more 
compact, strong, well lit by the sun and ventilated, but the tree retains its round or pyramidal shape, continuing to grow in all directions.
But the trees grown on trellises are practically flat. They can grow "spread out" on a wall or fence, or form a kind of fence of several trees touching branches and attached to supports. In any case, by special pruning and shaping, the tree is allowed to grow only up and along the line set by the gardener to the sides.
There are a lot of options for trellis molding. The most common of them: various options for cordons, fans, palmettes, candelabra. To create such unusual shapes over the plants from the moment of planting and throughout their life, various manipulations are performed: some of the branches are removed, others are moved to the desired position with guy wires, the number of branches of the 2nd and 3rd orders, overgrowing branches, is fixed, parts of the tree are fixed to the support ... In many ways, this is similar to the art of bonsai. As a result, absolutely fantastic constructions of living, fruit-bearing trees appear.
NOT ONLY FOR BEAUTY
Making a trellis from fruit trees is a labor-intensive, long-term occupation that requires special knowledge. Nevertheless, not only lovers of beauty and exoticism are engaged in this, but also agricultural enterprises that produce fruits. In addition to the exceptional beauty, what are the advantages of the trellis method of growing gardens?
Trellis gardens are an indispensable option for owners of small plots who want to grow many fruit trees of different varieties. Ordinary tall trees occupy a large area and are difficult to harvest. And not always fruits, especially summer varieties that cannot be stored, are needed in huge quantities. The trellis garden makes it possible to plant many trees in a small space, providing everyone with good conditions. Most often, the trellis is formed along the "north-south" line so that the plants receive maximum sun in the morning and evening hours and do not overheat at noon.
fruit trees of different varieties. Ordinary tall trees occupy a large area and are difficult to harvest. And not always fruits, especially summer varieties that cannot be stored, are needed in huge quantities. The trellis garden makes it possible to plant many trees in a small space, providing everyone with good conditions. Most often, the trellis is formed along the "north-south" line so that the plants receive maximum sun in the morning and evening hours and do not overheat at noon.
The wall trellis allows you not only to turn the wall of a house or fence into a work of art, but also to provide thermophilic plants with additional shelter. At the solar wall, you can successfully grow those crops for which the climate of the region is too harsh. If necessary, the compact trellis is easy to cover for the winter.
Agricultural producers form low trellis gardens for the convenience of planting maintenance. In addition, constant formative pruning leads to the fact that trees bear fruit only on young shoots, which means they give large, beautiful, marketable fruits.
WHAT TO DO?
Not all types of fruit trees are suitable for the formation of a trellis. It is important that the variety is not naturally vigorous, does not respond to pruning with an explosive formation of spinning tops. Ideally, seedlings grafted onto special dwarf rootstocks M9 are needed. M26, which by themselves inhibit the growth of the rootstock. On them it is preferable to plant varieties of apple and pear with the growth type "spur". These trees are distinguished by a peculiar crown development with a large number of short fruit branches, they lend themselves well to molding, with a small number of branches they give large fruit yields. Among the apple trees, we can mention the varieties Zhelannoye, Welsey, Antonovka ordinary, and Prazdnichnoye. From pears: Chizhovskaya, Kofedralnaya, Dressy Efimova, Shinko, varieties of Siberian selection.
You can create trellises from stone fruit species, but preference should be given to forms that have a long lifespan of individual trunks. Also, do not create trellises from species that give a large amount of root growth. For these parameters, peaches and apricots are preferable to plums and cherry plums.
© Anna KUSHCHENKO, St. Petersburg
There is an interesting method of growing fruit trees using trellises. This version of the garden turns out to be very convenient and compact.
We will tell you about an unusual way of growing fruit trees using trellises. Such gardens turn out to be very original, trees take up much less space, and harvesting is much more convenient. Of course, we will give examples of fruit trees grown on trellises.How do trees usually grow in a garden? Away from buildings, with a spreading crown, which is often not formed by the owners and is cut off only when necessary. As a result, the tree occupies a solid piece of the site, and getting to the crop on the upper branches can be problematic.
Fruit trees on trellises
The use of trellises in the cultivation of fruit trees solves both of these problems. There are many advantages to this method of creating a garden:
- You can plant a tree directly at the wall of a house, outbuilding, fence;
- The garden will turn out to be very compact, you can collect a rich harvest even in a small area;
- You yourself will choose how the tree will grow, there are many options for the formation of the crown;
- Trees on the wall trellises will decorate the house, protect the walls from overheating in the summer heat. And the plants themselves near the stone wall receive additional protection from the wind;
- You can form a hedge from fruit trees, which will beautifully divide the site into zones.
Choosing a place and trees
First, choose a place where your fruit tree will grow on the trellis. You can grow apple trees, pears, cherries, plums, apricots, and peaches in this way.
Then we build the trellis. Usually, wooden supports, metal posts and wire are used for this.
The design must be as reliable as possible! The weight of the branches, especially with fruit, will be rather big, so the trellis must be made strong.
Be prepared for the fact that over time, the supports for the branches will have to be repaired, and the wire should be regularly tightened, because the tree will grow on them for many years.
Crown formation
Choose from one of the many crown shaping options. We have given examples in the photo. The most common are simple horizontal two-armed cordon, beautiful fan and vertical palmettes.
To form the crown of a fruit tree on a trellis begin with planting an annual seedling. The branches are cut, pinched, tied to the trellis wire. The most important thing is to set the direction of growth for the tree, make sure that lateral shoots do not appear, the crown does not change its predetermined shape.
The process, of course, is painstaking and lengthy, we admit. It will take several years for the fan palmette to appear on the stone fence. However, there is nothing particularly difficult in this, pruning is also carried out in ordinary fruit trees.
As a result, a flattened crown shape is obtained, which looks attractive, allows you to conveniently collect fruits and takes up a minimum of space.
The trellis garden has its disadvantages. First of all, its creation implies the application of great efforts to form the crown.
In addition, such trees live a little less than normal ones. However, the difference is not so significant as to abandon such an original, beautiful and convenient way of growing fruit trees.published by
If you have any questions on this topic, ask the experts and readers of our project.
