Four-pitched roof: from the calculation of the truss system to do-it-yourself installation. How to build a hipped roof: device, diagram and step-by-step instructions How to build a hipped roof at home with your hands

Classic - the design with four slopes remains unusual for Russians, evoking associations with the overseas way of life. It is built when they want to apply interesting architectural solutions, to achieve a special effect that is perceived differently, the house compares favorably with monotonous buildings.

The photo of the hipped roof shows a wide variety of options, the main thing is to build in accordance with all the rules, then you can take advantage of the many benefits.

Varieties of hipped roofs

Making drawings of hipped roofs on your own is a difficult task: specialists will be able to correctly perform calculations. The slopes are performed as isosceles triangles, when the roof looks like a square from above, it is hipped, and if it resembles a rectangle, the variety is called a hip.

Classic variation

The classics include a hip or Dutch roof, which is resistant to adverse weather conditions: strong winds and heavy snowfalls.

The surface of the structure is formed by 2 slopes in the form of a trapezoid on the long sides and 2 slopes with a triangular shape on the short sides.

Many modern architects believe that, aesthetically, a Dutch roof looks more presentable than a hipped one. The rafter system is formed by 4 support bars, they descend from the slopes to the upper corners of the structure.

2 kinds of floor hip roof:

• Dutch - cut off a part from the end upper side from the side slopes.
• Danish - cut off a part from the end bottom side from the side slopes.

Dutch roof construction

The semi-hip combines the characteristics of a gable and four-slope roof: the end slopes are presented in the form of triangles, the length of the hip is 1.5 - 3 times less than the length of the side slopes.

The design allows you to install a vertical window, it does not have a sharp protrusion characteristic of a gable roof, so the roof can withstand heavy wind loads.

Danish roof construction

This type of hip roof is characterized by ease of installation, it is necessary to mount the end slope from below, leaving a small pediment under the ridge.

The Danish design provides the following benefits to users:

• There is no need to install problematic skylights that require high-quality waterproofing.
• The option provides good daylight attic floor thanks to vertical glazing.

hipped roof construction

A type of roof is installed on buildings with a square perimeter, important nuance- all slopes should have the same shape. The construction of a tent structure is more difficult when compared with a hip structure: it is necessary that the rafters converge at one point.

truss system

hipped roof with your own hands - optimal solution for everyone who wants to save money family budget. The sequence of construction work:

The planning and design phase is time consuming and every detail needs to be carefully considered. No matter how easy the installation of the roof may seem, be sure to make a drawing that will help to detect flaws and shortcomings.

If the calculation of the hipped roof is done incorrectly, it will be quite difficult to correct the situation - as a result of an error, the diagonal rafters will not connect in the ridge. Better take advantage the best option, prepare the drawing using one of the special graphics programs.

Creating a 3D model allows you to see what the future roof will look like in order to prepare detail drawing seek professional help.

Preparation of structural elements

Mauerlat is laid on top along the perimeter of the walls, its task is to serve as a support for the rafters, the material of manufacture is a beam of 15x10 cm.

The slope of the roof is made using rafter legs, standard rafters are made from boards 50X150 mm, diagonal - 100X150 mm.

Special puffs do not allow the rafter legs to move, they are fixed, and their ends are connected at the bottom, for manufacturing they take a board 50X150 m.

A bed made of timber 100x100 mm or 100x150 mm is a transverse beam that serves as a support for the uprights that hold the ridge run.

The slopes do not allow the rafters to move, they are set at an angle to the uprights, the material of manufacture is a beam with the same dimensions as for the manufacture of the bed.

On the vertical rack the skate rests, it is made of material for the Mauerlat.

A horizontal wind board connects the rafter ends from below, it is nailed to the rafters with inside roofing, using a board 100x50 mm.

A filly is attached to the outside of the structure - a board made of exactly the same material.

The most complex element is considered to be a sprengel, it stiffens the roof, connecting the horizontal and vertical components. Sprengel is made from a bar with dimensions of 100x100 mm, it must be installed at an angle.

Rafters or shortened rafters are only in the hip roof, they are made from a board 50x150 mm.

Installation of the attic floor

Roof suspensions are best made of steel, special clamps and girders are used for fastening, suspended ceiling significantly reduces the load.

If the trusses are steel, then the ceiling is made fireproof, prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs are laid between the steel beams, and light insulation is placed on them.

The optimal material for the manufacture of load-bearing structures is large-sized prefabricated panels with high fire resistance.

Setting the skate run

It will take 2 runs if the structure has capital longitudinal walls or in 2 rows there are internal pillars. When internal supports are provided in the building, perform construction farms and a cover is hung to them. When the width of the house is large, the structure is hung on steel clamps to the truss belt below.

Installation of rafters

Diagonal rafter legs should rest on the ridge, they are additionally fixed with a metal wire.

When one run is made, the diagonal legs are nailed to the consoles, and when there are two runs, they are attached to a trussed structure made of a horizontal beam with uprights.

Photo hipped roof

The classic four-slope even today remains unfamiliar for Russian latitudes and reminds of the overseas way of life. That is why it is built most often in order to give the architecture of a residential building special effect in terms of style and perception, it is advantageous to distinguish it from the monotonous familiar buildings.

In addition, a hipped roof - built with all the rules with your own hands - in practice has a large number of advantages, especially for the harsh Russian latitudes. Let's find out more?

The four-pitched roof has slopes that are made in the form of isosceles triangles and converge at one point with their vertices. If the hipped roof is square in plan when viewed from above, then it is called a hipped roof.

If it doesn’t come out square, but it turns out in the form of a rectangle, this is a hip roof. She got such an interesting name thanks to the slopes, which look like tongs-hips.

Dutch roof: classic four slopes

The Dutch, or hip roof is considered a classic option, which is particularly resistant to wind and snow.

The surface of a standard hip roof forms two trapezoidal slopes on the long sides and the same number of triangular ones on the short sides. Unlike a hipped roof, this form, according to modern architects, is considered more aesthetic.

It involves the installation of four sloping rafters - diagonal support bars that go from the two tops of the slopes to the upper corners of the building.

But the half-hip roof, in turn, is of two types: when the side slopes cut off only part of the butt from above, or already below, that is, the half-hip itself can be a triangle or a trapezoid, and be called Danish or half-hip Dutch.

Half hip Dutch roof: extra stability

A half-hipped Dutch roof is both an option and gable design, and four-sided. It differs from the classic version by the presence of truncated hips - triangular end slopes. According to the rules, the length of the hip dutch roof should be 1.5-3 times less than the length of the lateral trapezoidal slopes.

The advantage of such a roof is that it is possible to install an attic vertical window, and at the same time, there is no sharp protrusion, like a gable roof, which, in turn, increases the ability of the roof to withstand extreme wind loads.

Half-hip Danish roof: European traditions

But the Danish half-hip roof is a kind of purely hip construction. In this case, only the lower part of the end slope is mounted, and a small vertical gable is left under the ridge.

The advantage of this design is that it allows you to abandon roof windows in the roof that are problematic in terms of waterproofing and provide natural light to the attic by installing full-fledged vertical glazing, which is especially fashionable now.

Hip roof: perfect proportions

A hipped roof is usually placed on buildings that have the same length of walls, which form a square perimeter. In such a four-pitched roof, all the slopes are in shape - the same isosceles triangles, the roofer's dream, in a word, and the builder's nightmare.

The fact is that the construction of a classic hipped roof is even more difficult than that of a hip roof, because here the rafters must all converge at one point:

Roof truss system with four slopes

Here is the simplest example of building a standard hip roof for a small country house:

Stage I. Planning and design

Before how to make a hipped roof, be sure to think through all its details, to the smallest detail. Even the simplest hipped roof device must be built according to the finished drawing. The point is that the finished gable roof flaws and distortions are almost noticeable, but if you make a mistake somewhere in the construction of the same hip or hipped roof, then the diagonal rafters simply will not converge in the ridge and it will be extremely difficult to fix it.

Therefore, if you own special programs, create a 3D model of the future roof right in them, and if not, then just prepare a detailed drawing and it’s good if a professional helps you with this. All the details of such a roof must be calculated - to the smallest detail!

By the way, today it is quite fashionable to make not only a four-pitched roof, but also its individual functional elements:

Stage II. Procurement of structural elements

So if you took finished drawing roof or sketched it yourself and are confident in the future quality, it's time to prepare necessary elements truss system. And for this, first we will figure out how they are called correctly.

So, the first thing you have to take care of before building a hipped roof is Mauerlat. This is a square or rectangular beam that you will lay on upper part walls around the perimeter of the house. It will become a support for the rafters, which will transfer the load to it, and it is this board that will evenly distribute the weight of the entire roof onto the walls of the house and the foundation. Perfect option- use a bar with a section of 15 by 10 cm as a Mauerlat.

Next you will build rafter legs- this is the main element that will create a roof slope. Standard rafters are made from a board 50 by 150 mm, and diagonal ones - 100 by 150 mm.

You will need and puffs, whose main task is to prevent the displacement of the rafter legs to the sides. You will fix and connect the puffs themselves with the lower ends, and for this stock boards with a parameter of 50 by 150 meters.

But from above, both diagonal rafter legs and standard rafters will converge and be fixed to each other in skate. To do this, take a bar 150 by 100 mm.

Further, in the center of two opposite sides there should be a cross beam - sill, which serves as a support for the racks, and they, in turn, support the ridge run. For this purpose, a beam with a section of 100 by 100 mm or 100 by 150 mm is suitable.

slopes will become a support for the rafters, which prevents them from shifting. Such you must install them at an angle to the rack, for this, take the same material as on the bench.

Don't forget also about wind board- this is a horizontal element that connected all the lower ends of the rafters. You will need to nail it to the rafters along the inner perimeter of the roof and in this way emphasize the line of the slope. For this purpose, a board 100 by 50 mm is suitable.

But for the outside you need another board - filly, from the same material. This board received such a strange name from the time when it was made cut out, in the form of horse muzzles.

But the most unusual and complex element of a hipped roof is sprengel, which gives rigidity to the entire structure. Its main task is to connect all horizontal and vertical elements. It is also mounted at an angle, and is made of a bar 100 by 100 mm:

And finally, if we are talking specifically about the hip roof, then the only element that is present exclusively in hip roofs is conjurers. They are shortened rafters that rest on a diagonal rafter leg. You can make them from a board 50 by 150 mm.

In real life, all these elements look like this:

Think about insulation too. waterproofing film and additional roofing elements:

Stage III. Installing an attic floor

Often, headstocks of hanging rafters or pendants, which work in tension in a hip roof, must be made of steel. For this to puff wooden rafters suspended perpendicularly on clamps special wooden girders.

And already perpendicular to the runs are suspended wooden beams, after which beamless lightweight fillings are laid between them. Therefore, if you want to reduce the load on the roof by hanging rafters or roof truss, you need to choose suspended ceiling designs.

For steel trusses, the suspended ceiling must be made fireproof, along steel beams. Between such beams, prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs should be laid, and already on them - light insulation. To increase the fire resistance and durability of such load-bearing structures, they must be made of reinforced concrete. Moreover, it is better to make the most reinforced concrete supporting structures from large-sized prefabricated panels so as not to take risks.

Stage IV. Installation of the ridge run

In calculating the ridge run, start from the following nuances:

1. If the building has capital longitudinal walls, or at least two rows of internal pillars, then two runs are made. At the same time, many truss structures along the length can be composite, and crossbars are used to increase rigidity.
2. If the building does not have internal supports, then sloping rafters cannot be made here. And therefore, special construction trusses are used, to which the attic floor is simply suspended. In this case, the rods, which are located along the upper contour of the trusses, form the upper belt of the construction truss, and along the lower contour - already the lower belt. The truss lattice itself now forms vertical rods and braces - inclined rods that are located between the upper and lower chords. Moreover, such farms are not necessarily made only of wood, on the contrary, steel reinforced concrete is quite popular today. In the process of construction itself, farms are installed at a distance of 4-6 meters from each other. The simplest version of such farms is trussed, which consist of rafter legs, vertical suspension, headstock and puffs.
3. If the width of the building is large enough, construction trusses or trussed supports are used during installation. But then the attic floor cannot be covered with beams that will rest on the walls alone. Such a structure must be hung on steel clamps to the lower chord of the truss, or to a puff, in order to form, thus, suspended ceilings.

This photo illustration clearly shows how exactly the rafters need to be attached to the ridge and ridges:

Stage V. Installation of standard and diagonal rafters

So, the diagonal rafter legs rest directly on the ridge, depending on the following conditions:

1. If there is only one ridge run in the middle of the roof, then the diagonal leg must be stuffed on the run console. They are specially released for this purpose by 15 centimeters for a fake frame, and then they cut off the excess.
2. If there are two runs, then they need to install a trussed structure from a horizontal beam and a rack, and then fix the rafters themselves.
3. If the beam is strong at the same time, from a bar, and not from boards, then it makes sense to make a surf - a short board with a thickness of at least 5 centimeters. And the hip roof rafters are already supported on it.

In addition, for reliability, the rafters are fixed with a metal wire twisted several times.

On the ribs, the installation of ridge elements must be carried out in the same sequence as on a conventional roof ridge. Those. install the rib element with a closed end, put the ridge elements in the lock and fasten them mechanically. But at the intersection of the ribs and the ridge of the hip roof, it is customary to install Y-shaped ridge elements, although you can also use the initial and final ridge elements instead.

But only cut them along the contour when they are fixed on the edge, and mechanically fix the joints. Be sure to treat with a primer and mineral dressing from a standard repair kit. Also, when installing ridge elements, finally leave a gap on the ribs or ridges of a four-pitched roof to remove air from the under-roof space.

All the same principles must be observed when building a hipped roof. complex shape:

You will succeed! Please ask your questions in the comments.

Four-pitched roofs are becoming more in demand every year, due to the design conditions for sufficiently large structures. Such a roof looks more compact and neat compared to classic options gable roofs. In addition, it is possible to perform not only standard design such a roof, but also to diversify the roof with various elements, most often represented by dormers and dormer windows.

Variants of pitched roofs

Four-pitched roofs are distinguished by sufficient species diversity, which allows the following types of structures to be performed:

• . It is characterized by two trapezoidal planes in combination with a pair of triangular slopes. The design is distinguished by the absence of gables, and roof slopes are used for the installation of dormers or dormer windows.

• half hip roof. The main difference lies in the unusual design of the hips, which consist of two parts. The lower trapezoidal segment is combined with the upper triangular part.

• hipped roof. The name of this design is due to the joining of all four slopes of a triangular shape at one upper point with the formation of a quadrangular pyramid with a base of a square or rectangle. Characterized by the complete absence of gables. The design of four-pitched roofs is due to the presence of a rather complex truss system, which requires detailed drawings and careful planning.

Design Features

To create a competent roof project, it is necessary to take into account any possible loads that the future truss system will experience.

Project documentation should contain:

• the main drawings of the rafter system and the main nodes, at the junction of the rafters with the Mauerlat and the ridge, as well as the location of the crate;

• technological features of the roofing cake and other roofing elements.

Drawing hip roof

The basis of a detailed project makes it easy to perform all calculations of the required amount of materials for the rafter system and the roofing pie.

Load calculation

The main units of account are:

• the mass of the necessary roofing material;

• the mass of all layers of the roofing cake being performed, including vapor and waterproofing, as well as the amount of insulation;

• wind load calculated with the condition of regional features and roof slope;

• indicators of the intensity and amount of precipitation in summer;

• snow load, characteristic for the region of construction;

• weight serving roofing, people;

• dimensions and weight additional equipment intended for installation on the roof surface.

Carrying out the calculation of the dimensions of the elements of the hipped roof

The obtained parameters and the indicator of the roofing slope form the basis for calculating the length and cross section of the truss system and contribute to the competent selection of roofing material.

The device of the truss system

The process of constructing hipped roofs is based on the use of sloping or diagonal rafters, which are located towards the corners of the structure. It should be borne in mind that such a design is subject to a greater load, which requires the construction of rafters from a double type of timber.

A sufficiently significant length involves the use of compounds that, when high loads may be subject to subsidence. It is for this reason that it is required to install strong support stands under the connecting elements.

The design requires the use of sprockets or short rafters abutting top into the rafters. For fixing, several different points are selected that contribute to the maximum uniform distribution loads from thugs.

In the process of creating a hipped roof, in addition to standard elements, additional frame components are involved. All components of such a roof make up a single system that combines:

• beds, which are internal support bars laid on top of load-bearing walls or columns;

• side rafters forming trapezoidal roof slopes;

• diagonal or oblique type of rafters;

• vertical type of supports, represented by racks and trusses, which help to maintain the truss system;

• purlin or ridge beam, which is a horizontal support for the rafter system at the top of the roof structure. Stacked on top of the racks and fixed. For a hipped roof, there is no need to mount a ridge beam;

• horizontal puffs or crossbars for connecting side rafters, which, without installing such elements, can move apart in different directions;

• roofing sprigs mounted on top of diagonal rafters to form a pitched frame;

• wind types of beams and strut struts, which increase the strength of the roof and allow it to withstand most loads;

• filly to create the necessary roof overhang, which are fixed in the lower segment of the rafter legs.

Do-it-yourself step-by-step construction technology

Installation work is carried out immediately after the development of the project and the acquisition of all materials necessary in accordance with the calculations.

On the initial stage Mauerlat is installed, which is fixed on the walls of the building. When laying, it is necessary to maintain a distance of five centimeters from the edge of the outer wall. Most often, an anchor option is used to fasten the Mauerlat.

The next stage involves the implementation of high-quality markings, followed by the installation of racks and the establishment of a ridge beam. In the course of the work performed, it is necessary to use a plumb line. To fix the racks, special jibs are required.

Next is the installation of the rafters, during the installation of which the size of the future overhang is taken into account. Under standard conditions, the length of the overhang is from fifty centimeters to a meter. Optimal size- sixty centimeters.

Proper installation of diagonal rafters must be carried out in accordance with the following rules:

• slanting rafters are attached to the Mauerlat with the fastening of shortened rafters or sprigs;

• the transfer of loads from the rafters is distributed by trussed trusses;

• as a support for truss trusses, additional puffs are used, mounted on beams of longitudinal or transverse types;

• in accordance with the design documentation, puffs, crossbars, racks and struts are installed, which are designed to increase the rigidity of the structure;

• the fastening of the diagonal rafters at the top is carried out on a ridge run, based on a longitudinal type of beam;

• must be used special kind tie-ins and cuts, supplemented by metal fasteners, which will ensure the connection of the lower rafter ends and the Mauerlat;

• installation of ordinary rafters with a step corresponding to the calculated loads is carried out immediately after the installation of diagonal rafters;

• the rafters are connected by means of horizontal crossbars from boards with a section of 120 x 40 millimeters;

• rafters increase the resistance of hip slopes under significant wind loads;

• the presence of a bay window in the project requires the installation of rafter beams from finger-jointed edged boards or a bar.

The next stage of installation is the installation of sprockets and side rafters, which must be located in the same plane. As a result of these works, lateral roof slopes are formed. Care should be taken to ensure the parallelism of all installed rafters, sprigs and side elements.

After the installation of the structure of the entire truss system is completed, it is necessary to perform high-quality for which bars with a cross section of forty or fifty millimeters are used. This is followed by the standard execution of a suitable roofing cake, on top of which the selected roofing material.

Learn more about the construction of the roof from the video.

Summing up

A four-pitched roof is the most reliable and economical option for a roofing device in the absence of the need for attic.

The absence of load-bearing elements in the form of rigid gables requires ensuring the reliability of the structure in accordance with the calculations and the project.

Four-pitched roofs belong to the category of popular and sought-after roof structures, which is due to ease of installation and minimization of costs for Construction Materials for building walls.

The roofs of private houses, having four, and not one or two slopes, are a much more serious design. It is no more difficult to assemble it than a gable one, but the four-slope roof of the truss system has more advantages. The high quality of the roof is ensured by the strength of such a system. In the photo do-it-yourself hipped roof

Features of the roof of four slopes

1. The main advantage is the absence of tongs and gables. The unconventional design of the truss system allows the roof to endure strong winds without consequences, minimize possible damage in the places of cornice overhangs over time, and the absence of a gable is a saving on building materials and labor costs.
2. The ends of the rafters, which intersect with each other and are attached to the ridge beam, give the structure rigidity, prevent its deformation under the weight of precipitation, roof building materials or equipment mounted on the roof.
3. The design and arrangement of the hip roof suggests the possibility of arranging cornice overhangs around the perimeter of the entire house, protecting the facade from atmospheric influences and temperature changes.
4. In the scheme of architectural conformity, a hipped roof when a veranda or attic is attached to the house makes the building more resistant to unevenly distributed loads.
5. The aesthetics of the roof has been proven by practice and time - such structures have been used since the years when people learned to build shelters for themselves, which then turned into strong and beautiful houses.

How the truss system of a hipped roof will be constructed depends on the type of blood - tent or hip. Therefore, it is worth considering in more detail these varieties, their features and device.
Photo hip roof device

hip roof

The hip-type roof (see photo above) is an assembly of two trapezoidal or triangular wooden knots. These elements are fastened together by the planes of the upper surfaces, and the edges of the triangles are overlapped by ridge slopes.

Mounted on the truss frame of the hip roof roofing cake, consisting of several layers: a waterproofing insulator, a heat insulator, a ventilation layer of building materials and a finishing decorative and protective coating(see video). According to the type of fastening, the hip roof system is divided into hanging and layered types. The layered scheme of the four-pitched roof truss system is more economical, easier to install and design.
Rafter system drawings

For hip roof slopes ≤ 35°, auxiliary support beams are required to reinforce the long span with rafters. Additional supports protect the house from atmospheric moisture, strong winds and temperature changes.

1. The rafters of the sloping structure - a bar mounted diagonally, one end rests against the Mauerlat, the other - is attached to the next pair. Since in expanded form the rafters have a very big sizes, then they must be securely fixed on the roof. Also, the rafters play the role of a support for the sprigs.
2. Trapezoidal wooden assemblies for roof slopes.
3. Narozhniki - small structures made of rafter beams of short length, fixed on rafters of a sloping type. If the width of the walls of the house is ≥ 4.5 m, then the structure is connected into a block of several elements, so that later they can be made into a single roof.
4. Struts, crossbars and racks serve to minimize the size and use of sprockets. The use of these elements allows you to assemble the roof with little or no additional reinforcement.
5. The beds serve as supports for racks and struts, with their lower end resting against brick supports on the inner wall end or adjusted to size with linings of wooden bars.
6. The run is a beam laid parallel to the lower support beam. Serves to ensure the strength of the truss structure.
7. Sprengels increase rigidity in all directions. Sprengel should have the same cross section as the rafters, and they are attached along the length of the span.

hipped roof

A tent-type roof can be built from triangular wooden structures. It will not be easy for a non-specialist to cope with the construction of such a roof, since here it is important to strictly observe all dimensions and dimensions in order to achieve complete symmetry of the hipped roof. But thanks to such a roof, your house will withstand the wind of any strength, even a hurricane. A homemade roof, the rafter system of which is made in the form of a tent, perfectly protects housing from the penetration of cold and moisture even into the attic or attic space.

By design, the drawings of the hip and hip rafter systems are similar, since they consist of the same nodes and elements. The difference is only in the length of the rafters and mounting options. Hanging or layered rafters also work well in a tent structure, but it is very difficult for an amateur to fix the hanging elements on their own - the help of a professional will be required. A hipped roof is often built over areas without internal ceilings, partitions and walls, and beams for supports are laid on bearing walls. Layered parts are cheaper and easier to manufacture, but require an internal load-bearing wall and/or concrete columns to work with.

1. Before starting work with any wood products, they must be treated with antiseptic and flame retardant agents.
2. Wood for any elements must be well dried in vivo. The moisture content of the material must be ≤ 22%.
3. Mauerlat is made from a bar with a square section of 150 mm or a rectangular section of 150 x 100 mm.
4. The rafters must be ≥ 50 mm long and ≥ 150 mm wide.
5. For all products, one type of wood is used, and preferably coniferous.
6. To make a large number of crossbars, racks and girders with one cut angle, a pre-prepared template is used.

AT hip system rafters are first supported in the form of a Mauerlat. Not only the strength of the structure, but also the aesthetics of the entire roof depends on its even device, so the support beams must be laid strictly horizontally. The alignment of the Mauerlat can be facilitated by pouring a small grillage (formwork) around the entire perimeter of the walls of the house. See the video below for more on this.

For fastening the grillage, reinforcing pins driven into or inserted into the wall are used. Through the holes in these rods, the Mauerlat is fastened with threaded connections to the walls and the grillage.

How to assemble and mount the hip roof system on site:

1. The upper planes of the load-bearing walls of the house must be opened with waterproofing agents - mastic, bitumen, tar before installation. A roofing material is laid on top of the waterproofing layer.
2. The support beam, from which the Mauerlat will be assembled, is mounted on pins in the walls, attracted by nuts and washers. When installing the Mauerlat, you need to constantly check its horizontalness with a level.
3. Next, the central support is installed - racks with a ridge will be attached to it. The support beam is laid either on the side beams of the Mauerlat, or on the surface of the internal load-bearing walls.
4. Vertical beams are installed for the main support of the ridge. Ridge supports do not need to be fixed rigidly immediately - only after complete assembly rafter systems. Rigidity can be given with steel corners, wooden spacers or metal studs.
5. In order for the roof to be perfectly symmetrical, the rafters of the triangular hip structures are supported on the Mauerlat in the calculated places. Marking for each of them must be done in advance so that the beam does not fall on the mounting rod. Intermediate beams are needed to connect the ridge to the walls.
6. Next, slanting rafters are installed, which will connect each corner of the house with the end of the ridge beam.

A distance of ≥ 50 cm is maintained between the overhang and the wall. If the site is selected in a region with strong winds, then this distance is doubled. In this way, the roof and walls are protected from precipitation, which can blow in and moisten the surface up to the foundation.

1. Now you can attach ordinary rafters to connect the Mauerlat to the ridge. The distance between the rafters is calculated based on the overall dimensions of the roof and the length of the intermediate rafters. Some roofing building materials need to be laid on a frequently installed crate, so general recommendations there are no distances. Ordinary rafters in the standard solution are installed in the groove after 0.4-0.5 m, and the attachment point can also be reinforced with nails or steel overhead plates.
2. If the roof has a small angle of inclination, then the rafters need to be reinforced with trusses due to the additional snow pressure in winter.
3. To strengthen the upper end of the sloping bars, a truss truss is mounted. It consists of two struts coming out of the same point.
4. The last step in the construction of the truss system is the crate. The material for the frame of the crate is selected based on the roofing material. Most often, these are square slats with a section of 5 cm, and if the crate is solid, then boards or five-layer plywood can be used.

Presentable appearance, reliability, durability - all this is a hipped roof, the drawing, calculation and installation of which, of course, is quite difficult to do on your own, but you can always turn to qualified specialists for help.

A noticeable advantage of hipped roofs is that in such buildings it is very convenient to equip attic floors. The premises are very comfortable and spacious, ideal for living, unlike houses, for example, with gable roofs.

Currently, more and more buildings made according to such a plan began to appear. The advantage of a multi-pitched roof is the possibility of using it on completely different buildings, from a bathhouse to a large private cottage.

Houses with hipped roofs look really solid and expensive, and therefore, you should not spare time and money for its arrangement.

The main types of hipped roofs

There are no pediments (these are the triangular completions of the facades of a building, bounded on the sides by two roof slopes, and at the base by a cornice) on such a roof there are no, and attic windows are placed in the slopes.

This roof is much more economical than a gable roof in terms of the cost of wall building materials, but the inclined ribs at the junctions of the hips and frontal slopes require the installation of a very complex truss structure and additional measurement and adjustment of the roofing material.

Skates are often made with different levels slope, due to which the silhouette of a sloping roof is created.

• Semi-hip (Danish) design. It differs from the previous one in the presence of a pediment, which has a small hip at the top. Protection from wind loads in such a roof is provided by a ridge (the upper horizontal edge of the roof, formed due to the intersection of two slopes). Most often, such a roofing device is found in regions with frequent strong winds.

• Tent construction. It looks like a pyramid: four triangular slopes, converging at the tops in one place. Such roofs do not have gables; they are erected on small buildings in the form of an equilateral polygon or square. Installation of a truss system on such a roof is very difficult.

Creating a pitched roof project

Before starting work on the arrangement of the roof, it is necessary to design it, carry out calculations for the structure, and also create its drawing.

The project of a hipped roof provides that the slope of the slopes of such a roof can be in the range from 5 to 60 degrees. It depends on atmospheric loads, the purpose of the attic and the type of roofing materials used.

In areas with frequent and heavy precipitation, the slope of the slopes should be significant (from 45 to 60 degrees). In regions with strong winds and rare rains, the slope of the slopes is usually made much less.

If the angle of inclination is approximately 5-18 degrees, the use of a roll coating is recommended; 14-60 - asbestos-cement sheets, roofing metal; 30-60 - tiles.

The height of the roof ridge is calculated using a trigonometric expression for right triangles.

Calculation of rafters is the beginning of drawing up the entire project of the house. Their cross section is determined depending on the expected load (weight roof structures, roof pie, external influences), and the degree of slope of the roof. With the help of calculations, the step between the rafters is also determined, their bearing capacity is checked.

The plan of the rafters of a hipped roof provides for which rafters it is advisable to use - layered or hanging. It also turns out whether additional elements are needed: braces, puffs, etc.

If it happens that the standard lumber parameters are not suitable for the future roof, you can modify them. For example, you can lengthen the rafters or double the beams. You can also use glued or type-setting rafter legs (they are noticeably more powerful and longer than usual).

The impact of loads on the rafter system

Rafters are subjected to constant (mass of roofing, battens, rafters, etc.) and temporary (wind, precipitation) loads. Main design parameter snow load, adopted in Russia for middle lane– 180 kg/m?. A snow bag can increase this figure to 400-450 kg/m².

If the roof slope is greater than 60 degrees, the snow load is not taken into account.

The standard design value of the wind load for central Russia is 35kg/m².

If the roof slope is less than 30 degrees, the wind correction is not taken into account in the drawing.

The load parameters are adjusted for local climate conditions through special coefficients. The total mass of the roof is calculated based on the amount of materials used and the total area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe structure.

Payload indicators for the system are included in the calculations if ceilings are suspended from the trusses, water-heating tanks, ventilation chambers, etc. are installed.

It is obligatory to calculate the strength of the rafters and the degree of possible deformation under various conditions.

The most commonly used as rafters are: a rectangular beam with a section corresponding to the calculated loads, boards with parameters 5x15, 5x20 cm.

Most often, the choice is stopped on lumber conifers(spruce, pine) with humidity within 18-22%, treated antiseptics and flame retardants.

To increase the rigidity and stability of the geometry of the truss system of a multi-pitched roof, steel elements are sometimes introduced.

Installation and installation of the truss system

Before proceeding with the installation, you need to choose necessary materials and tools. In addition, it would be nice to get a drawing of the entire structure on paper. Of the materials you will definitely need: thermal insulation ( mineral wool, for example), waterproofing, vapor barrier, wooden beams, roofing material, batten wood. Required Tools: drill, screwdriver, hammer, nails, self-tapping screws, level, tape measure, measuring rod, etc.

The scheme of a hipped roof assumes the presence of rafters, support beams, braces, and other elements necessary to stiffen the entire structure.

Rafters having a cross section of 5 × 15 cm will add reliability to the structure. When you go shopping for lumber for rafters, don't go for wet, twisted, or severely flawed lumber.

Roofing is always done from the bottom up. First of all, support beams (Mauerlat) are laid, on which rafters are subsequently installed. This way you will get a lower frame, which should extend beyond the walls by 40-50 cm. It is not desirable that the protrusion of the rafters from the edges of the walls exceed the limits specified above, otherwise the object will look inharmonious.

Do not forget to check the correct installation using the building level.

If the building has wooden walls, support beams are not needed, since the upper crown of the log house will act as a Mauerlat.

After that, frame rafter legs are installed from each corner of the building, they are called oblique (diagonal). The upper parts of the rafter legs, if necessary, can be held by a system of braces and racks. Their main task is to unload the rafters by redistributing the load along interior walls or supporting pillars, as well as to give the entire structure sufficient rigidity.

Special care should be taken with the attachment points of the rafter legs to the Mauerlat. These are the main points that are responsible for the strength of the truss system as a whole. The overhang of a hipped roof is regulated by the length of the diagonal rafters.

A special table of coefficients will help in the work with the length ratios presented in it and the laying of the rafters for different slopes of the roof slope. In one of its columns, the coefficients for intermediate ones are indicated, in the other - for the corner rafter legs. In order to calculate the required length of the rafter, multiply the laying by the coefficient. You can easily find such a table on the Internet.

In those places where there are no load-bearing walls, the heels of the rafters can be placed on the longitudinal beams (side runs). In addition, a beam is mounted in the center, it is mounted on three supports: in the middle and at both ends.

If you have big square roofs, you can not do without the arrangement of truss trusses, which will take on part of the load from the rafters. Sprengel trusses need puffs on which they will rely. Sometimes they can be fixed on existing transverse or longitudinal beams.

The parameters associated with the height and degree of slope of the roof are determined precisely by the height of the rafters and the horizontal upper beam (ridge run).

After installing the guide rafters, proceed to the construction of the main frame. Attach the inclined (outdoor) rafters to the support beams, as well as to the ridge run.

They should be installed in increments of 40-50 cm, no more. If the gaps are too large, the rafter system may not withstand the loads from the snow that has fallen. The scheme of the truss roof system must take into account this fact.

Fasten the inclined rafters together at a distance of about a meter from the upper rafter beam. This can be done using boards with a cross section of at least 4 * 12 cm.

It is not necessary to select outdoor rafters strictly in length, because they will most likely have to be cut. The main thing is to make sure that they are not too short.

• in order to reduce the likelihood of errors to a minimum, use not a tape measure, but a special measuring rod when measuring;
• mark the center line along the top trim of the end wall. After that, measure half the thickness of the ridge beam, draw the placement line of the first of all the central intermediate rafters;
• align the end of the lath and the placement line of the rafter that you marked a little earlier. On the other end of the measuring rail, copy the line of the inner contour of the side wall (thus you will lay the intermediate rafter). Transfer the line of the outer contour of the wall and the overhang of the roof to the measuring rail;
• to determine the future location of the second of the central rafters, move the measuring rail to the side of the wall, transfer the desired rafter position to it from inner corner top harness;
• repeat the entire algorithm of actions in each of the corners. Following this scheme, you will determine the location of the ends of the ridge beam, as well as all the central intermediate rafters.

After installing the truss system in accordance with the plan, they make a crate, vapor barrier, waterproofing, counter-lattice, as well as roof insulation.

The final stage of the construction of a hipped roof

After installing the entire structure, a hipped roof (like any other) provides for the creation of a crate. For this purpose, use wooden planks 50 or 40 mm thick. The main thing is that the material is of high quality and well dried.

Before installing the crate, it is necessary to lay a film that insulates the roof from steam and moisture. Such a film is attached with a stapler. In addition, in no case should you lose sight of the thermal insulation that should be equipped in the attic. Thermal insulation is necessary to maintain normal building conditions. temperature regime. And after that, the installation of a hipped roof is carried out.

And the last stage - laying roofing. You are not limited in choice, be guided by your own taste, material capabilities and design features your roof. The main thing is to attach the material firmly enough, carefully, so that rain cannot penetrate into the room through the joints, and the wind cannot tear off fragments of the roof.

The scheme of the hip roof truss system is very complex, as has been said more than once above, but do not be afraid of it. The most important thing is to make all the calculations and measurements correctly, and also not to make a mistake with the markup. Having thoroughly understood this once, you can easily repeat a similar construction. Of course, it will be quite difficult for one person to cope with the amount of work ahead, so a couple of assistants will not hurt.