A window in a Russian hut. The decoration of the old Russian hut

Some people associate the Russian hut with a hut in which there are chests and wooden furniture. The modern interior decoration of the Russian hut differs significantly from this image, it is quite comfortable and modern here. Despite the fact that the house is created country style using modern technology.

Historical roots of the Russian house

If earlier, when building a house, peasants were guided by practicality, for example, they built huts near rivers, they made small windows that overlooked fields, meadows, forests, now special attention is paid to interior decoration. In addition, people used to set up a Russian bath near a river or lake, and in the yard they built barns for storing grain, a barn for cattle. But at all times, a red corner in a Russian hut was always distinguished, in which icons were placed, a stove was installed. At that time, the interior of the Russian hut was chosen so that all items were multifunctional, there was no talk of any luxury.

They tried to locate the Russian house on the site so that it was closer to the north. To protect the house from the winds, trees and shrubs were planted in the garden.

Attention! To increase the level of illumination of a Russian house, it should be placed with windows facing the sunny side.

In the old days, for the construction of a Russian house, they chose the place that the big man chose for his vacation. cattle.

Interesting facts about the Russian house

In the swamps, as well as near them, no one had built houses before. Russian people believed that a swamp is a “frosty” place, and in a house built on a swamp there will never be happiness and prosperity.

The felling of the Russian house began in early spring, necessarily in the new moon. If a tree was cut down on the waning moon, it quickly rotted, the house fell into disrepair. The Russian house was considered the embodiment of stability, constancy, tranquility, so it was never placed at crossroads, on the road. Also bad omen It was considered the erection of a hut on the site of a burnt house. The peasants treated their houses as if they were living beings.

She singled out her brow (face), they considered the pediment of the Russian house. Decorations on windows were called platbands, and boards used in the construction of walls were called foreheads.

The well at the Russian hut was called the “crane”, and the boards on the roof were called the “horse”.

Interior decoration the Russian hut was rather modest, and corresponded to the interior style, which today is called Provence.

By the appearance of the house, it was easy to determine the religion, material well-being of the owner, the nationality of its owner. It was difficult to find absolutely identical houses in one village, each Russian hut had its own individual characteristics. The interior of the Russian hut also had some differences, with the help of certain household items, people tried to talk about their interests and hobbies.

It was believed that a child who grew up in a clean and good house has bright thoughts and intentions. From childhood, the child was formed an idea of ​​​​the structural features of the Russian hut, he studied and memorized household items in the Russian hut. For example, a red corner in a Russian hut was considered a holy place.

Features of the interior decoration of a Russian house

A woman has always been involved in the interior decoration of the house, it was she who picked up household items, monitored comfort, and put things in order. For the state of the facade, as well as for personal plot the owner always followed. In the interior of the Russian house, the male and female half stood out, their design had some distinctive features.

The decoration of a Russian hut is the task of a woman. It was she who was engaged in the manufacture of home textiles, in some Russian huts there were even looms on which women wove rugs, canvas for decorating windows.

Polats in the Russian hut were replaced by modern sofas and beds, linen curtains were used to separate them from the rest of the room. Already in those distant times, zoning was carried out in the hut, separating the living room from the sleeping part. The techniques of interior art used in the design of Russian huts have now become the basis of Russian Provence.

Some distinctive features were in the interior of Russian houses located in the Russian North. Due to complex climatic conditions, characteristic of this region, in one hut there was both a residential part and outbuildings, that is, cattle and people lived under the same roof. This was reflected in the interior of the house, there were no frills, only solid and simple elements furniture. One of the corners of the room stood out for the chests in which the dowry for the girl was collected.

Some traditions associated with the external decoration of the house, used in Russia, have been preserved in our time. For example, a carved wooden sun. This decorative element was considered a kind of amulet, its presence was a guarantee of happiness, health, well-being of all the inhabitants of the house. Carved roses on the walls of the hut were considered a symbol of a happy and prosperous life, and the owners still use them in the external decor. country houses. Lions were considered symbols of pagan amulets, which appearance were supposed to scare away evil spirits from the house.

The massive ridge on the roof of the hut is a sign of the sun. Despite the fact that quite a lot of time has passed since then, the tradition of installing a ridge on the roof has survived to this day. Among required elements ancient Russian hut, it is necessary to note the goddess. The construction of the house was erected according to the law, the proportions were strictly observed so that the hut not only had an aesthetic appearance, but also remained a solid and durable structure, withstood strong gusts of wind.

Features of the Russian house

The Russian house is usually divided into three tiers (worlds):

• basement serving as the bottom;
• living quarters make up the middle part;
• attic and roof are top

For the construction of the hut, logs were used, they were tied together in crowns. For example, in the Russian North, nails were not used in the construction of huts, while obtaining durable and solid houses. Nails were needed only for fastening platbands and other decorative elements.

The roof is the element of protection of the house from outside world, atmospheric precipitation. In Russian huts, gable types of roofs were used, which are still considered by architects to be the most reliable structures for wooden buildings.

The upper part of the house was decorated with solar signs, and those items that were rarely used in everyday life were stored in the attic. Russian huts were two-story, in the lower part of the house there was a basement that protected the inhabitants of the hut from the cold. All living rooms placed on the second floor, allocating minimal space for them.

They tried to make the floor double, at first they had a “black” floor, which did not let cold air into the hut. Next came the "white" floor, made of wide planks. The floorboards were not covered with paint, leaving the wood in its natural form.

Red corner in ancient Russia considered the place where the furnace was located.

Advice! In the country house or in a country house, instead of a stove, a fireplace will harmoniously look in the interior of the living room.

The stove was installed in the direction of sunrise (to the east), associated with light. Icons were placed on the wall next to it, and in temples this place was given to the altar.

Doors were made from natural wood, they were massive, associated with reliable protection home from evil spirits.

A horseshoe was placed above the door, which was also considered a symbol of protecting the house from troubles and misfortunes.

The windows were made of natural wood, they were small so that heat would not leave the hut. It was the windows that were considered the “eyes” of the owner of the house, so they were located on different sides of the hut. For decoration window openings used natural material, which was woven by the hostess herself. In the old days, it was not customary to hang windows with thick curtain fabrics that did not let inside the room. sunlight. Three window options were chosen for the hut:

Modern interior of a Russian hut

Currently, many city dwellers dream of their own log cabin, furnished in a rustic style. The desire to be alone with nature, escape from the bustle of the city and problems.

Among those interior items that still exist in the decoration of the Russian hut, let's single out the stove. Some owners of suburban real estate prefer to use instead modern fireplace. Of particular interest is the design of the walls and ceiling in a modern wooden Russian house. Nowadays, more and more often you can see carved wooden decorations on the facade of the house, which are a typical manifestation of Provence.

Advice! When decorating the walls of a Russian hut, you can use light wallpaper with a small pattern. For Provence it is undesirable to use in wall decoration artificial materials, since the style implies maximum harmony, unity with nature.

Professional stylists involved in the design of wooden Russian huts advise choosing neutral colors for decoration. Special attention they propose to give home textiles, which is calling card rustic style.

Russian national dwelling - in Russian traditional culture, which was widely used back in late XIX- the beginning of the 20th century, it was a wooden structure - a hut built using a log or frame technology.
The basis of the Russian national dwelling is a crate, a rectangular covered one-room simple log house without outbuildings (log house) or shack. The dimensions of the cages were small, 3 by 2 meters, there were no window openings. The height of the cage was 10-12 logs. The crate was covered with straw. A cage with a stove is already a hut.

How did our ancestors choose their places of residence and construction material for home?
Settlements often arose in wooded places, along the banks of rivers, lakes, since waterways were then natural roads that connected numerous cities of Russia. In the forest there is an animal and a bird, resin and wild honey, berries and mushrooms, “To live near the forest is not to be hungry” was said in Russia. The Slavs used to win back the living space for themselves from the forest, cutting and cultivating the cornfield. The construction began with felling the forest and a settlement appeared on the cleared land - a "village". The word "village" is derived from the word "derv" (from the action "drati") - something that is uprooted (forest and thickets). It wasn't built in a day or two. First, the area had to be mastered. They prepared the land for arable land, cut down, uprooted the forest. This is how the “zaimka” arose (from the word “to occupy”), and the first buildings were called “repairs” (from the word “initiation”, that is, the beginning). Relatives and just neighbors settled nearby (those who "sat down" nearby). Our ancestors cut down trees to build a house. conifers(the most resistant to decay) and took only those that fell with their tops to the east. Young and old trees, as well as dead wood, were unsuitable for this. Solitary trees and groves that grew on the site of a destroyed church were considered sacred, so they were also not taken to build a house. They cut down in frosts, because the tree was considered to be in this dead time(wood is drier at this time). It was they who chopped, not sawed: it was believed that this way the tree would be better preserved. The logs were piled up, bark was removed from them in the spring, leveled, collected in small log cabins and left to dry until the fall, and sometimes until the next spring. Only after that they began to choose a place and build a house. Such was the experience of centuries-old wooden construction.

“The hut is not cut for the summer, but for the winter” - what was the name of the peasant log house and how did they choose a place for it?
The oldest and simplest type of Russian buildings consists of "cages" - small tetrahedral log cabins. One of the cages was heated by a “hearth” and therefore was called “istba”, from the word “istobka”, hence the name of the Russian house appeared - “hut”. Izba - a wooden (log) log house. Large houses were built, grandfathers and fathers, grandchildren and great-grandchildren lived all together under one roof - "A family is strong when there is only one roof over it." The hut was usually cut down from thick logs, folding them into a log house. The log house was made up of "crowns". The crown is four logs laid horizontally in a square or rectangle and connected at the corners with notches (recesses so that the logs “sit” tightly one on top of the other). From the ground to the roof of such "crowns" it was necessary to collect about 20. The most reliable, warm, was considered to be the fastening of logs "in oblo" (from the word "obly" - round), in which the round log ends of the logs were cut into each other and they came out a little outside the wall, the corners of such a house did not freeze. The logs of the log house were tied together so tightly that even the blade of a knife could not pass between them. The place for the house was chosen very carefully. They never built a hut on the site of the old one, if the former housing burned down, collapsed from troubles. In no case did they put a hut “on blood” or “on bones” - where at least a drop of human blood fell to the ground or bones were found, this happened! A bad place was considered a place where one day a cart overturned (there would be no wealth in the house), or a road once passed (misfortunes could come into the house along it), or a crooked tree grew. People tried to notice where the cattle likes to rest: this place promised good luck to the owners of the house built there.

What are the main elements of the decorative decoration of the hut called?
1. "Konyok - ohlupen" - guarded the house from evil forces. The horse was hewn out of a very thick tree, which was dug up with the root, the root was processed, giving it the appearance of a horse's head. Skates look to the sky and protect the house not only from bad weather. The horse in ancient times was a symbol of the sun, according to ancient beliefs, the sun is carried across the sky by winged invisible horses, so they piled a horse on the roof to support the sun. 2. A skillfully carved board descended from under the ridge - “Towel”, so named for its resemblance to the embroidered end of a real towel and symbolizing the sun at its zenith, to the left of it the same board symbolized the sunrise, and to the right - symbolized the sunset. 3. The facade of the house is a wall facing the street - it was likened to a person's face. There were windows on the façade. The word "window" comes from the ancient name of the eye - "eye", and windows were considered eyes on the face of the house, therefore, wooden carved window decorations are called "platbands". Often the windows were supplemented with "shutters". In the southern huts, one could reach the windows with one's hands, but in the north, the houses were placed on a high "basement" (what is under the cage). Therefore, to close the shutters, special bypass galleries were arranged - “ambulances”, which encircled the house at the level of the windows. Windows used to be covered with mica or bull bladders; glass appeared in the 14th century. Such a window let in little light, but in winter it was better to keep warm in the hut. 4. The roof of the house with front and rear walls in the form of log triangles symbolized the “forehead” on the face of the house, the Old Russian name for the forehead sounds like “brow”, and carved boards protruding from under the roof - “Prichelins”.

What did they symbolize and how were the upper and lower boundaries arranged in the living space of the hut?
The ceiling in the hut was made of tesa (that is, from boards hewn from logs). The ceiling served as the upper boundary of the hut. The boards were supported by "Matitsa" - a particularly thick beam, which was cut into the upper crown when the frame was erected. The matitsa ran across the entire hut, fastening and holding the walls, the ceiling and the base of the roof. For the house, the mother was the same as the root for the tree, and for the person, the mother: the beginning, the support, the basis. Hanged to the mother various items. A hook was nailed here for hanging an eyeglass with a cradle (a flexible pole, even with a slight push, such a cradle rocked). Only that house was considered full-fledged, where the eyes creak under the ceiling, where the kids, growing up, nurse the younger ones. Ideas about the father's house, happiness, good luck were associated with the mother. It is no coincidence that when going on the road, one had to hold on to the mother. The ceilings on the mat were always laid parallel to the floorboards. The floor is the boundary that separates people from “non-humans”: brownies, etc. The floor in the house was laid from halves of logs (hence the word “floorboards”, and it relied on thick beams cut into the lower crowns of the log house. The floorboards themselves were associated with the idea of ​​a path .Bed (and in summer time often slept right on the floor) it was supposed to be laid across the floorboards, otherwise the person would leave the house. And the matchmakers during the matchmaking tried to sit down so as to look along the floorboards, then they would come to an agreement and take the bride out of the house.

What was the inner world of the Russian hut like?
In a peasant hut, every corner had its own meaning. The main space of the hut was occupied by a stove. The oven was made of clay with stones added to the thickness. The Russian stove was used for heating, cooking for people and animals, for ventilation and lighting of the room. The heated oven served as a bed for old people and kids, and clothes were dried here. Babies were washed in the warm mouth of the oven, and if there was no bath, then the adult members of the family also “bathed” here. Things were stored on the stove, grain was dried, it healed - they bathed in it in case of ailments. On the bench, next to the stove, the hostess was preparing food, and the bread taken out of the oven was also stacked here. This place in the hut was called "Oven Corner" or "Babiy Corner" - from the mouth of the furnace to the front wall of the house - the kingdom of a woman, here stood all the simple utensils that were in the household, here she worked, rested, raised children. A cradle hung on a flexible pole attached to a mat next to the stove. Here, near the window, hand millstones were always placed - a grinding device (two large flat stones), so the corner was also called "Millstone". The front part of the hut was the "Red Corner". No matter how the oven was located in the hut (to the right or left of the entrance), the red corner was always located diagonally from it. In the corner itself, there was always a “Goddess” with icons and a lamp, which is why the corner also received the name “Saint”. The "rear corner" has always been masculine. Here they placed a “horseman” (“kutnik”) - a short wide shop in the form of a box with a hinged flat lid, tools were stored in it. It was separated from the door by a flat board, which was often shaped like a horse's head. This was the owner's place. Here he rested and worked. Bast shoes were woven here, utensils and harness were repaired and made, nets were knitted, etc.

What is the purpose and location of the table in a Russian hut?
The most honorable place in the "red corner" at the converging benches (long and short) was occupied by a table. The table must be covered with a tablecloth. In XI- XII centuries the table was made of adobe and motionless. It was then that his permanent place in the house was determined. Movable wooden tables appear only in the XVII-XVIII centuries. The table was made rectangular in shape and always placed along the floorboards in the red corner. Any promotion of him from there could only be connected with a ritual or crisis situation. The table was never taken out of the hut, and when selling a house, the table was sold along with the house. The table played a special role in wedding ceremonies. Each stage of matchmaking and preparation for the wedding necessarily ended with a feast. And before going to the crown, in the bride's house, the bride and groom ritually went around the table and blessed them. The newborn was carried around the table. On ordinary days, it was forbidden to go around the table, everyone had to leave from the side from which they entered. In general, the table was conceived as an analogue of the temple throne. The flat tabletop was revered as the "hand of God" giving bread. Therefore, knocking on the table at which they sit, scraping with a spoon on the dishes, throwing leftover food on the floor was considered a sin. The people said: "Bread on the table, and the table is the throne, but not a piece of bread - so the table is a board." At normal times, between feasts, only bread wrapped in a tablecloth and a salt shaker with salt could be on the table. The constant presence of bread on the table was supposed to ensure prosperity and well-being at home. Thus, the table was a place of family unity. Each household member had his own place at the table, which depended on marital status. The most honorable place at the table - at the head of the table - was occupied by the owner of the house.

With the help of what and how did they illuminate the interior of the hut?
Mica, and bubbles, and even glass of that time only let light through a little and the hut had to be additionally illuminated. The most ancient device for lighting the hut is considered to be a "fireplace" - a small recess, a niche in the very corner of the stove. A burning torch was placed in the stove, a well-dried torch gave a bright and even light. A torch was called a thin sliver of birch, pine, aspen, oak, ash, maple. A little later, the stove was illuminated by a torch inserted into the Svetets. To obtain thin (less than 1 cm) long (up to 70 cm) wood chips, the log was steamed in an oven over a cast-iron with boiling water and pierced at one end with an ax, then torn into splinters by hand. They inserted torches into the lights. The simplest light was a wrought iron rod with a fork at one end and a point at the other. With this tip, the light was inserted into the gap between the logs of the hut. A torch was inserted into the fork. And for falling coals, a trough with water was substituted under the light. Later, forged lights appeared, in which several torches burned. On major holidays, expensive and rare candles were lit in the hut to complete the light. With candles in the dark they went into the hallway, went down to the underground. In winter, they threshed with candles on the "threshing floor" ( covered area for threshing). The candles were tallow and waxy. Tallow candles were more often "Makans". For their manufacture, they took beef, lamb, goat fat, melted it and dipped a wick thrown over a splinter into it, froze it several times, and received "makans", which often came out skinny and uneven. Wax candles were made by rolling. The wax was heated up hot water, rolled it into a roller, flattened it into a long cake and, putting a wick of flax or hemp on the edge of the cake, again rolled it into a roller.

How were the poker, tong, pomelo and bread shovel used in the house?
The people said: "The poker in the oven is the mistress." In the old days, the stove poker was one of the symbols of the hearth, giving food and warmth, without which family well-being is impossible. While the stove is being heated, the poker-hostess works tirelessly. As soon as firewood flared up in the oven and burning logs need to be moved deep into the oven, the poker is right there. A piece of wood has fallen out of the fire and smokes in the far corner of the firebox, the same poker comes to his aid. "Uhvat" brought into the Russian stove cast iron (from one and a half to ten liters). Before sending the cast-iron to the furnace, it was placed on a hearth near the mouth and the horns of the tong were brought under its body. Next to the cast-iron, under the handle of the grip, a suitable-sized skating rink (a round log) was placed. By pressing the end of the handle, the cast iron was slightly raised and, leaning on the roller with a grip, rolled into the furnace and placed in the intended place of the hearth. It was not easy to do this without skill. Grips, like pots, were different sizes, so there were many of them near the stove, they were taken care of and they served people for a long time. "Pomelo" is invariably located at the Russian wind oven and is intended for cleaning the hearth and hearth. Most often, under the oven was swept before baking pies. The pomelo was intended exclusively for the oven. It is strictly forbidden to use it for any other purposes. In the old days, when bread was baked in every village house, and pies were baked on holidays, it was supposed to have a wide wooden “shovel” on a long handle at the oven. A shovel made from a board was used to put bread in the oven. The bread shovel also demanded a respectful attitude. It was placed only with the handle down.

Where were clothes, fabrics and valuable household items stored?
"Chest" - this word denoted a large rectangular box made of sawn boards with a hinged lid, lockable. In it, Russian people kept clothes and valuables. For centuries, various chest products have been an important part of the interior of peasant huts; they were put in a prominent place testifying to the wealth of the family. The chests in which the bride's dowry was kept were often very large and were brought into the house only once - during its construction. In Russia, when a girl was born, they immediately began to prepare a dowry for her - this was called "pumping chests." Dowry was the key to a successful marriage. After marriage, the girl left her home and took with her dowry chests: pillows, feather beds, blankets, towels (made by the bride herself), clothes, household utensils, jewelry. In many houses, chests of various sizes were displayed in the form of a slide, i.e. put one on top of the other, sometimes their number reached the ceiling. In a peasant house, chests were used not only to store goods, but also served as a pillow stand, a bench, and sometimes a place for afternoon naps. Chests, headrests, caskets, hiding places, caskets were richly decorated. Usually they were bound for strength with strips of iron, tinned or blued. Customers presented certain artistic requirements to chest craftsmen: chests must be not only roomy, durable, but also beautiful. To do this, chests were painted with tempera paints diluted on egg yolk. Images of a lion or a griffin were often found on chest products; they were considered strong, courageous animals, good defenders of the goods acquired by a person.

What was the significance of the embroidered towel in peasant life?
In Russia, towels were hung in the hut for festive decoration. Their colorful patterns enlivened its log walls, giving festivity, making the home elegant. A towel bordered the goddess in the red corner, hung on windows, mirrors, walls. In the old peasant life, they called a towel - a panel of home-made white fabric, trimmed with embroidery, woven colored patterns, ribbons, stripes of colored chintz, lace, etc. The length of the towels was from 2 to 4 m, the width was 3638 cm. It was decorated, as a rule, at the ends, the cloth was rarely ornamented. Especially richly decorated was a large “hand-made” towel, the so-called “wall” (wall-length). During the handshake, it was presented to the groom, hanging around his neck. This meant that the bride was betrothed, and the groom threw a towel to his relatives. They decorated the goddess for the whole time of the wedding, and when traveling to the crown, they tied it to the arc of the wedding cart. “Gift” towels, with which the bride presented the groom’s relatives, were less decorated than hand-made ones. The bride was covered with a towel (and a shawl on top) when they were taken to church. The bride and groom were tied with a towel, as if symbolizing their strength. family life. The towel played a significant role in maternity and baptismal rites, as well as in funeral and memorial rites. According to custom, richly ornamented towels were a necessary part of a girl's dowry. On the second day of the wedding, the young woman hung her hand-made towels in the hut on top of her mother-in-law's towels so that all guests could admire her work. The towel was present in many customs and rituals of the Russian family. This purpose of the towel excluded its use for wiping hands, face, floor. For this purpose, they used a "rukoternik or utirka".

What vegetable and animal oils were produced in Russia?
So what is "oil" really? Whatever you say, you love - you don’t love, and without fat, which is the basis of oil, human life would be impossible, since every cell of our body is surrounded by a protective fatty film. The most commonly used vegetable oils in Russia have always been linseed and hemp. And familiar to us sunflower oil came into use much later, at the beginning of the 19th century. The use of vegetable oils was allowed even during the most strict multi-day fasts, so its second "folk" name is vegetable oil. Hemp oil is a fatty vegetable oil obtained from the fruit of the hemp plant, usually by pressing, it has excellent nourishing, protective and regenerating properties. Unfortunately, in our time, hemp is perceived as a narcotic plant and is prohibited from cultivation. Linseed oil was not inferior to hemp oil and has always been one of the most valuable and important food products. Flaxseed oil is both food, medicine and cosmetics. But, if linseed oil has a specific smell, then pumpkin and cedar oil are among the most delicious. Rosehip and walnut oils were often used for medical purposes. Butter of animal origin in Russia was churned from cream, sour cream and whole milk. The most common way to make butter was to melt sour cream or cream in a Russian oven. The separated oily mass was cooled and knocked down with wooden whorls, spatulas, spoons, and often with hands. The finished oil was washed in cold water. Since fresh butter could not be stored for a long time, the peasants melted it in the oven, getting ghee.

Why did they say in Russia - "Without salt, without bread - half a meal"?
There was always bread on the table in a Russian house, and a salt shaker stood nearby, salt was a kind of amulet, because our ancestors believed that salt protected from hostile forces. In the old days, when subsistence farming dominated, salt was Eastern Slavs almost the only purchased product. Salt was very expensive, and it was protected. This explains the widespread sign that spilling salt is not good - punishment will follow. A loaf of bread and a salt shaker with salt adorned the wedding table, it was given as a housewarming gift, with it they came to a newborn child, as if with a blessing, dear guest at the meeting, they brought bread and salt, with the wish of wealth and prosperity, thereby expressing their disposition towards them. A long time ago, the word "loaf" was pronounced and written as "cow". A long time ago, people, in order to appease the Gods, sacrificed domestic animals (cows), but life did not allow parting with the cow nurse. It was then that they began to sculpt cows from dough, and later - bread with horns, which was called "Korovai". Since the main grain crop was rye, they baked mainly Rye bread. In Russia, since ancient times, rye bread has been a staple food, it was kneaded on natural sourdough and was of three varieties: 1) fur, or chaff, from poorly sifted rye and wholemeal flour; 2) reshot from rye flour, sifted through a very rare sieve (sieve); 3) sifted from rye flour, sifted through an ordinary fine sieve. But where wheat was sown, baked and White bread. The best was considered "brick" - bread baked from well-sifted wheat flour. The grinding of flour, the thoroughness of its sifting determined the taste of bread.

“A good porridge, but a small cup” - they loved porridge in Russia, and from what cereals were they prepared?
Rye, oats, wheat, barley, millet, and buckwheat have been cultivated in our country since medieval antiquity. Today, in our country, the following types of cereals are produced from these cereals: from buckwheat - kernel and prodel; from millet - polished millet; from oats - cereals: not crushed, flattened, flakes and oatmeal; from barley - barley and barley groats; semolina is produced from durum wheat during grinding. For a long time our ancestors borrowed the skills of making flour, mastered the "secrets" of baking various products from fermented dough. That is why pies, pies, pancakes, pies, kulebyaks, pancakes, pancakes, etc. are essential in the food of our ancestors. Many of these products have long become traditional for holiday tables: kurniki - at weddings, pies, pancakes - for Shrovetide, "larks" from dough - on spring holidays, etc. Dishes from all kinds of cereals are no less typical for Russian traditional cuisine: various cereals, krupeniks, oatmeal kissels, casseroles. In the more northern parts of our country, dishes made from millet are of particular importance. Millet served as a raw material for making flour, cereals, brewing beer, kvass, making soups and sweet dishes. This folk tradition is preserved at the present time. Porridge was everyday food and three main types - crumbly, viscous and liquid; milk, fat, butter, eggs, mushrooms, etc. were added to it. There are more than twenty of them in Russia: plain buckwheat, buckwheat with peas, millet, oatmeal, wheat, carrot, turnip, pea, etc. Kutya was a special dish in Russia; it was prepared from wheat grains with the addition of honey.

What kind vegetable crops cultivated in Russia?
Not only grain crops were cultivated by our ancestors. From antiquity, through the centuries, crops such as cabbage, beets, turnips, swede, pumpkin, carrots, peas have come down to our days and have become the main crops in our garden. Most widely used in Russia sauerkraut, which was possible to save until the next harvest. Cabbage served as an indispensable snack, seasoning for various dishes. Shchi from various types of cabbage is a well-deserved pride of our national cuisine, although they were prepared in ancient Rome, where a lot of cabbage was specially grown. It’s just that many vegetable plants and recipes “migrated” from ancient rome through Byzantium to Russia after the adoption of Christianity in Russia. Turnip in Russia before late XVIII - early XIX centuries was as important as the potato is today. Turnips were used everywhere and many dishes were prepared from turnips, stuffed, boiled, steamed. Turnips were used as a filling for pies, kvass was made from it. The turnip contains in its composition very valuable biochemical sulfur compounds, which, when eaten regularly, are excellent immunostimulants. Later, turnips began to fall into disuse, but potatoes and a proverb appeared - “Potatoes help bread”, tomatoes and cucumbers began to be cultivated. Pumpkin appeared in Russia in the 17th century and immediately became popular with peasants due to its productivity, unpretentiousness, usefulness and ability for long-term storage. Beets were considered exclusively healing product, from early spring to late autumn, they ate both root crops and tops of the plant.

“When it’s hot in the oven, then it’s boiling” - how is the Russian oven arranged?
The Russians have already in ancient times appeared and firmly entered the life of the so-called "Russian stove". A good stove is the pride of the owner, the holy of holies at home. The fire burning in the furnace gave light and heat, food was cooked on it. This unique building played the role of a kind of life center for the family. Russian stoves have always been placed on the "guardian". This is a small log house in three - four crowns of round logs. On top of it, they arranged a horizontal “roll-up”, which was covered with sand and smeared with a thick layer of clay. This clay served as the "hearth" for the furnace. The tong, the poker, the scoop were kept in the “under-furnace”, it was believed that the brownie lives there. The stove was made of stone (brick), and covered with clay on top, it had to keep heat as long as possible, and require as little firewood as possible. The shape of the pottery in which food was cooked (the so-called “Slavic pots” is also connected with the design of the oven. The fact is that in this oven the dishes are heated from the sides and therefore must have a large side surface. In addition, the shape of the pots is best adapted to the tongs. The furnace was almost cubic in size: length 1.8-2 m, width 1.6-1.8 m, height 1.7 m. Top part the stove was made wide and flat, comfortable for lying. Inner space furnaces - "furnace", "crucible" - were made large: 1.2-1.4 m high, up to 1.5 m wide, with a vaulted ceiling and a flat bottom - "hearth". A rectangular hole in the front of the furnace - "brow", "mouth" - was tightly closed with a large "flap" to prevent heat loss. A platform was arranged in front of the mouth - wide board- “six”, utensils were placed on it in order to push it into the oven with a grip. To the right and left of the hearth were "ash pans", where hot coals were stored for a year.

“One day - a year feeds” - why was the timing of the cultivation of the land important for the farmer?
Peasants lived surrounded by beautiful but harsh nature. Their life depended on drought and rain, the number of workers in the family, the safety of the harvest. Farming is gradually becoming their main occupation. First, a section of the forest was cut down in winter. In the spring it was burned out, the ash served as fertilizer. After that, they loosened with a hoe, mixing the ashes with the ground, and then the field was sown. In most of Russia, the main arable tool was the "plow" or "plow", along with the plow, the "roe deer" was known, which was used to raise novi (uncultivated soil). For loosening the land after plowing, mixing layers and removing weeds used "harrows - knots" (the so-called large branch of a tree with branches not completely cut off). For sowing grain, flax and hemp seeds throughout Russia, baskets were used - "sowers", for harvesting - "sickles", they were the most common tool for harvesting grain, for threshing grain crops - "flails", for threshing flax and hemp - "rolls ”, for winnowing - “shovels”, for processing grain into flour at home - “millstones”. The peasants sowed millet, wheat, barley, oats, rye, buckwheat, hemp, flax, less often beans and peas. The Slavs called bread "zhit" (from the word "live"), because they could not live without it: it was the main food product. Each village had its own experts who determined the timing of agricultural work. The peasant determined the necessary moment of “ripeness” of the land for plowing according to the centuries-old experience of his ancestors: he took the earth in a handful and tightly clenched it in his fist, released it. If a lump crumbled when falling, then the earth is ready for sowing, if it fell in a lump, it has not yet ripened (i.e., it has not dried out). In June, haymaking began, in July and August - a difficult time for harvesting grain.

Where did the proverb come from: “You sow flax and you reap gold”?
From ancient times in Russia, flax was cultivated, which fed and clothed people, our ancestors said with respect about it: "You sow flax, and you reap gold." For processing flax stalks into fiber, from fiber into thread, “crushers”, “ruffles”, “combs”, “roller”, “spinning wheels”, “self-spinning wheels”, “spindles” were used. The spinning wheel was a necessary subject of peasant use: it was a tool of labor, a decoration for a hut, and a wedding gift. For centuries, the technology of growing and processing flax has remained unchanged. Ripe flax is pulled, that is, pulled out of the ground, and along with the roots. Then it is dried, freed from the seed heads (combed), threshed, soaked, which allows the fiber to be separated from the woody part of the stem, crumpled and shaken. The tattered flax is combed and a twisted thin ribbon is obtained - a roving. From it, on long winter evenings, women spun linen yarn - they twisted flax fibers into a thread on spindles or spinning wheels. During spinning, the fingers of the left hand had to be moistened to give the thread a "fortress". Spinning is a rather complicated and monotonous work, so that it would be more fun to work, the girls gathered in a hut, sang and talked there, but did not forget about work either. Everyone tried to work as best as possible, because by what kind of thread they get, they will judge the skill of the girl. Having received a sufficient number of threads, they made fabric on a handloom. Linen was grown in Russia not only in order to obtain from it linen fabric, which is very valuable in its properties. It is known that in ancient Russia, from flax flour, obtained from ground flax seeds, they baked delicious bread and cakes, linseed oil in fast days added to food.

What material was used to make dishes in Russia?
Everything you need for household the peasants did it themselves. Dishes were made from tree bark (cups, bowls, buckets, barrels), carved from wood (spoons, cups, basins), molded from clay, then fired in a furnace. The dishes of the same purpose were called differently, but made from different material: a vessel made of clay - a "pot", made of cast iron - "cast iron", made of copper - "copper". Clay pots and jugs served people for a very long time for cooking. Pots were made in a variety of sizes. The main advantage of the pot was its strength. On the farm, pots were valued and taken care of. If the pot cracked, it was braided with birch bark ribbons and cereals were stored in it. Later, the pot was replaced by cast iron - tinned metal vessels, they retained the shape of the pot. Over the centuries, a huge variety of products made of wood, clay, and metal have been created. Among them there were many truly artistic creations, when a household item, without losing its utilitarian qualities, at the same time became a work of a high aesthetic level. It is hard to imagine a peasant house without numerous utensils accumulated over decades. “Utensils” are utensils for preparing, preparing and storing food, serving it to the table - pots, patches, pelvises, krinks, bowls, dishes, valleys, ladles, korchiki (from which they drank honey, kvass, beer), etc. .; all kinds of containers for picking berries and mushrooms - baskets, bodies, tuesa, etc .; various chests, caskets, caskets for storing household items, clothes and cosmetic accessories; items for kindling a fire and interior lighting at home - fire flint, lights, candlesticks and much more.

“Only bast shoes are woven on both legs, and mittens are discord” - what and how did they dress in Russia?
The work of Russian craftsmen served the most different sides peasant life, including the manufacture of clothing and footwear. For the peasants, the main clothing was the "shirt", both for men and women. It was believed that all the vulnerabilities of the human body had to be covered. Everyone had shirts everyday and festive. Everyday clothes were only sewn along the seam and edges with red thread to block the way for evil. Festive shirts were richly decorated with embroidery. It was believed that with the language of the pattern, a person conveys his requests to God. In different regions of Russia, a “poneva” or “sarafan”, an “apron” or a “soul warmer” were worn on a shirt, they were decorated in every possible way. The Russian headdress has always been an important part of the costume. The girls wore "ribbons", and married women they covered their heads with a scarf or hid them under the kokoshnik, which was called differently in different places: kika, duckweed, heel. Men wore wide trousers - "ports" and "shirt-shirts". All clothes were girded with a "sash". They wore a cap on their heads. In winter and summer, the peasants put on "bast shoes" on their feet. They were woven from the inside of lime or birch bark - bast. Bast shoes were usually worn on canvas (in summer), woolen or cloth (in winter) windings (“onuchi”). Onuchi were fastened on the leg with “ruffs” - leather or hemp ropes, they were attached to the bast shoes, wrapped around the leg and tied under the knee. Bast shoes were woven without distinction between the right and left legs. Everyday bast shoes without additional devices had a shelf life of three to ten days. Bast weaving was mainly done by old people. A good master could weave two pairs of bast shoes in a day.

Litvinova Elena Evgenievna

The Russian hut has always been fine, solid and original. Its architecture testifies to the fidelity to centuries-old traditions, their durability and uniqueness. Its layout, design and interior decoration have been created over the years. Not many traditional Russian houses have survived to this day, but they can still be found in some regions.

Initially, huts in Russia were built of wood, partially deepening their foundation underground. This provided greater reliability and durability of the structure. Most often, it had only one room, which the owners divided into several separate parts. An obligatory part of the Russian hut was the stove corner, to separate which a curtain was used. In addition, there were separate zones for men and women. All corners in the house were lined up in accordance with the cardinal points, and the most important among them was the eastern (red), where the family organized the iconostasis. It was the icons that the guests should have paid attention to immediately after entering the hut.

Russian hut porch

The architecture of the porch has always been carefully thought out, the owners of the house devoted a lot of time to it. It combined excellent artistic taste, centuries-old traditions and the ingenuity of architects. It was the porch that connected the hut with the street and was open to all guests or passers-by. Interestingly, the whole family, as well as neighbors, often gathered on the porch in the evenings after hard work. Here guests and owners of the house danced, sang songs, and children ran and frolicked.

AT different areas In Russia, the shape and size of the porch were radically different. So, in the north of the country, it was quite high and large, and the southern facade of the house was chosen for installation. Thanks to this asymmetric placement and the unique architecture of the facade, the whole house looked very peculiar and beautiful. It was also quite common to find porches placed on poles and decorated with openwork wooden posts. They were a real decoration of the house, making its facade even more serious and solid.

In the south of Russia, the porch was installed from the front of the house, attracting the attention of passers-by and neighbors with openwork carvings. They could be both on two steps, and with a whole staircase. Some home owners decorated their porch with a canopy, while others left it open.

canopy

To keep in the house maximum amount heat from the stove, the owners separated the living area from the street. The canopy is exactly the space that the guests immediately saw at the entrance to the hut. In addition to keeping warm, the canopy was also used to store the yoke and other necessary things, it was here that many people made closets for food.

To separate the hallway and the heated living area, a high threshold was also made. It was made to prevent the penetration of cold into the house. In addition, according to centuries-old traditions, each guest had to bow at the entrance to the hut, and it was impossible to go inside without bowing before the high threshold. Otherwise, the guest just hit the bare bare.

Russian stove

The life of the Russian hut revolved around the stove. It served as a place for cooking, relaxing, heating and even bathing procedures. Steps led upstairs, there were niches in the walls for various utensils. The furnace has always been with iron barriers. The device of the Russian stove - the heart of any hut - is surprisingly functional.

The stove in traditional Russian huts was always located in the main zone, to the right or left of the entrance. It was she who was considered the main element of the house, since they cooked food on the stove, slept, she warmed the whole house. It has been proven that food cooked in the oven is the healthiest, as it retains all the beneficial vitamins.

Since ancient times, many beliefs have been associated with the stove. Our ancestors believed that it was on the stove that the brownie lives. Garbage was never taken out of the hut, but burned in an oven. People believed that in this way all the energy remains in the house, which helps to increase the wealth of the family. Interestingly, in some regions of Russia, they steamed and washed in the oven, and also used it to treat serious diseases. The doctors of that time claimed that the disease can be cured simply by lying on the stove for several hours.

Furnace corner

It was also called the "Woman's Corner", since it was precisely to do that that the whole kitchenware. He was separated by a curtain or even wooden partition. The men from their family almost never came here. A huge insult to the owners of the house was the arrival of a strange man behind a curtain in the stove corner.

Here, women washed and dried things, cooked food, treated children and told fortunes. Almost every woman was engaged in needlework, and the stove corner was the most calm and convenient place for this. Embroidery, sewing, painting - these are the most popular types of needlework for girls and women of that time.

Benches in the hut

In the Russian hut there were movable and fixed benches, and already from the 19th century chairs began to appear. Along the walls of the house, the owners installed fixed benches, which were fastened with supplies or legs with carved elements. The base could be flat or tapered towards the middle, and its decor often included carved patterns and traditional ornaments.

There were also mobile shops in each house. Such benches had four legs or were installed on blank boards. The backs were often made so that they could be thrown to the opposite edge of the bench, and carved decor was used for decoration. The bench was always made longer than the table, and was also often covered with thick cloth.

Male corner (Konik)

It was to the right of the entrance. There was always a wide shop here, which was fenced on both sides with wooden boards. They were carved in the shape of a horse's head, so the male corner is often called "konik". Under the bench, the men kept their tools intended for repairs and other men's work. In this corner, men repaired shoes and utensils, as well as wove baskets and other wickerwork.

All the guests who came to the owners of the house for a short time sat down on a bench in the men's corner. It was here that the man slept and rested.

Women's Corner (Wednesday)

It was important in female destiny space, because it was from behind the stove curtain that the girl came out during the bride in elegant attire, and also waited for the groom on the wedding day. Here, women gave birth to children and fed them away from prying eyes, hiding behind a curtain.

Also, it was in the women's corner of the house of the guy she liked that the girl had to hide the overcast in order to get married soon. They believed that such a wrap would help the daughter-in-law to make friends with the mother-in-law and become a good housewife in the new house.

red corner

This is the brightest and most important corner, since it was he who was considered a sacred place in the house. According to tradition, during construction, he was allocated a place on the eastern side, where two adjacent windows form an angle, so the light falls, making the corner the brightest place in the hut. Icons and embroidered towels hung here, as well as faces of ancestors in some huts. Be sure to put in the red corner big table and took food. Freshly baked bread was always kept under icons and towels.

To this day, some traditions associated with the table are known. So, it is not advisable for young people to sit on the corner in order to create a family in the future. It is bad luck to leave dirty dishes on the table or sit on it.

Our ancestors kept cereals, flour and other products in senniks. Thanks to this, the hostess could always quickly prepare food from fresh ingredients. In addition, additional buildings were provided: a cellar for storing vegetables and fruits in winter, a barn for cattle and separate facilities for hay.

We all know, from the media, that strange things are now observed with the weather, and supposedly global warming, and they blame everything Greenhouse effect, and most importantly, what they are trying to convince us of is that the greenhouse effect is bad.

To understand what the greenhouse effect is, we first need to understand the origin of heat and light on our planet.

The most important source of light and heat for the Earth is our star - the Sun.

In second place is the geothermal activity of the planet itself.

On the third radioactive decay isotopes and burning fossil fuels. But the third type of energy sources are, so to speak, derivatives from the Sun.

It should be noted here that now, both in the past and in the future, life on Earth is possible solely due to the greenhouse effect.

The average temperature on the Earth's surface is 15°-17° C. The highest temperature ever recorded on our planet was +70.7°C in the Lut Desert, Iran in 2005.

Friends, if you are interested in this article, I suggest watching a film based on it, and personally plunge into the atmosphere of research:

On this, I do not say goodbye to you, there is still a lot of interesting things ahead.

See you in the next articles. The topic will be continued. All the best to you, goodbye!

Hut-hut

The hut is one of the main symbols of Russia. Archaeologists believe that the first huts appeared in the second millennium BC. For many centuries, the architecture of the hut practically did not change, since it initially combined all the functions necessary for the Russian peasant - it provided a roof over their heads, warmth and a place to sleep. The hut was sung by poets and immortalized by artists, and for good reason. Over time, the hut was transformed into a log house-terem for wealthy families. Together with the surrounding buildings, the tower was a Russian estate. The traditions of building houses from a log house took shape over the centuries, and collapsed in just a few decades.

Collectivization, urbanization, emergence latest materials... All this led to the fact that the Russian village became smaller, and in some places almost died. New "villages", the so-called "cottage villages", began to be built up with houses made of stone, glass, metal and plastic. Practical, effective, stylish, but the Russian spirit does not live there, and there is no smell of Russia . Not to mention the insufficient environmental friendliness of such buildings.

However, not so long ago, wooden construction in the Russian style experienced the first stage of a revival. This was reflected in the interiors as well. Country style today is generally at the peak of popularity. Someone prefers German country, someone prefers Scandinavian or American country style, someone likes it, but when it comes to a wooden country house or dacha, the choice is increasingly being made in favor of interiors in the style of a Russian village.

Coming from a metropolis to a dacha or a country house in the style of a Russian hut, a person feels unity with nature and a connection with his roots. This promotes maximum relaxation and a state of rest. In houses made of wood, the interior of which is simple and unpretentious, it is easy to breathe and sleep soundly. And after the rest, there is a desire to do things like fishing, laying out a new flower bed in May or working in the garden in September - in a word, it makes you feel a surge of strength.

Russian interior style: where is it appropriate?

It can be recreated in full only in a wooden chopped house. The interior in the style of a Russian tower, a Russian estate is appropriate in any wooden house. In other cases, when we are talking, for example, about a brick house or apartment, we can only talk about styling, that is, about bringing into the interior some features inherent in the Russian hut or tower.

The interior of the Russian hut: what was it like?

Russian hut. Photo taken from Russian Wikipedia

The center of the hut was a stove, which was called queen of the house . It occupied a quarter or even a third of the area of ​​​​the entire dwelling. At the corners of the furnace, stove pillars were placed to protect the "queen" from destruction. Beams under the ceiling rested on these pillars and on the walls. Beams, speaking modern language, zoned the space, dividing the hut into the female half, male and red corners. On one of the beams they arranged a bed - a plank lounger, which was chosen by the children.

A woman was in charge in the oven corner. In this place there were numerous shelves with dishes and other utensils. Here, women not only cooked, but also spun, sewed and did other things. The owner spent more time in the men's corner - under the curtains.

The biggest and beautiful place in the hut, where they ate and met guests. Simply put, this is both a living room and a dining room, and often a bedroom. A red corner was arranged in the upper room diagonally from the stove. This is the part of the house where the icons were installed.

Near the red corner there was usually a table, and in the very corner on the goddess there were icons and a lamp. Wide benches near the table were, as a rule, stationary, built into the wall. They not only sat on them, but also slept on them. If extra space was needed, benches were placed at the table. , by the way, was also stationary, adobe.

In general, the furnishings were sparse, but not without embellishments. Wide shelves were mounted above the window. Festive dishes, caskets, etc. were placed on them. The beds were complemented by carved backs. The bed was covered with bright patchwork bedspreads and decorated with many pillows laid in a pyramid. Chests with handles were almost always present in the interior.

Russian chest. 19th century

During the time of Peter the Great, new pieces of furniture appeared, which took their place in Russian huts, and even more so in towers. These are chairs, cabinets, partially replacing chests, slides for dishes and even armchairs.

In the towers, the furnishings were more varied, but on the whole the same principle was preserved: a large hearth, a red corner, the same chests, beds with many pillows, mounds of dishes, shelves for displaying various decorative items. Of course, there was a lot of wood in the towers: these were walls, floors, and furniture. Russian country style and Russian hut style in particular - it's a tree, a lot of wood and almost nothing but a tree!

How to create the style of a Russian hut or a Russian estate in the interior of your home?

1. Choice of direction

Some changes gradually took place in the interiors of Russian huts and towers, so first you need to decide which era style you would like to recreate. Will it be a stylization of an old Russian hut or a hut of the first half of the last century, in which many innovations appeared? Or maybe you like the more elegant furnishings of old Russian towers or wooden landlord houses of the 18th-19th centuries, when features of other styles were introduced into the rustic style - classicism, baroque, modern? The choice of direction will allow you to choose the right pieces of furniture, textiles and decor.

Upper room of an old Russian house of the 16th-18th centuries. A. M. Vasnetsov

And this is the end of the 19th century. The world of the Russian estate in the painting of S. Zhukovsky

2. Creating the style of a Russian hut

Main. Wooden walls are best left unfinished. Suitable for the floor massive board- matte, perhaps with the effect of aging. Under the ceiling are dark beams. You can do without a stove, but the hearth is still necessary. Its role can be played by a fireplace, the portal of which is lined with tiles or stone.

Doors, windows. Plastic double-glazed windows will be completely inappropriate here. Windows with wooden frames should be supplemented with carved platbands and wooden shutters. Doors should also be wooden. As cash for doorways you can use boards that are uneven and deliberately roughly processed. In some places, instead of doors, you can hang curtains.

Furniture. Furniture, of course, is preferably wooden, not polished, but possibly aged. Cabinets, slides and numerous shelves can be decorated with carvings. In the dining area, you can arrange a red corner with a shrine, a massive, very heavy table and benches. The use of chairs is also possible, but they should be simple and solid.

The beds are high with carved headboards. Instead of bedside tables, you can put chests in the Russian style. Patchwork bedspreads and numerous pillows are perfect - folded in piles from largest to smallest.

One cannot do without sofas in a modern interior, although, of course, there were none in the huts. Choose simple shapes with linen upholstery. Upholstery color - natural natural. Leather furniture will stand out from the overall picture.

Stylization as an interior of the 18th century in the hut of the Pokrovskaya hotel in Suzdal

Textile. As already mentioned, it is worth giving preference to bedspreads and pillow covers made in patchwork technique. There can be quite a lot of textile products: napkins on cabinets and small tables, tablecloths, curtains, borders for shelves. All this can be decorated with embroidery and simple lace.

By the way, you can’t spoil the interior of the hut with embroidery - women in Russia have always loved to do this type of needlework. Embroidered panels on the walls, embroidered curtains, embroidered bags of herbs and spices hanging from the kitchen beam - all this will be in place. The main colors of textiles in the style of a Russian hut are white, yellow and red.

Lighting. For an interior in the style of a Russian hut, choose in the form of candles and lamps. By the way, there will be lamps with simple lampshades. Although lampshades and sconces are more suitable for a house, the interior of which is stylized as a Russian estate.

Kitchen. Without household appliances in a modern hut it is impossible to do without, but technical design can spoil the integrity of the picture. Fortunately, there is a built-in technique that helps with the housework, but does not violate the harmony of the Russian style.

Massive furniture is suitable for the kitchen: a kitchen table with drawers, open and closed sideboards, various hanging shelves. Furniture, of course, should not be polished or painted. Kitchen structures with facades finished with glossy enamel or film, glass inserts, aluminum frames, etc. will be completely inappropriate.

Designer: Oleg Drobnov

In general, in the interior in the style of a Russian hut there should be as much as possible less glass and metal. Plastic here is like an eyesore. Choose furniture with simple wooden fronts or realistic imitation of rough wood. Solid wood facades can be decorated with Russian folk style paintings or carvings.

As a decor for the kitchen use a samovar, wicker baskets and boxes, onion braids, barrels, pottery, wooden crafts Russian folk crafts, embroidered napkins.

Interior decor in the style of a Russian hut. Decorative linen textiles with embroidery, many wooden items. A wooden wheel, a spinning wheel and fishing nets will fit perfectly if the house is located near a river, lake or sea. Knitted round rugs and self-woven paths can be laid on the floor.

3. Creating the style of an old wooden manor

At a simple peasant hut and a rich old manor a lot in common: this is the predominance of wood in the interior, and the presence of a huge stove (in the estate it is always lined with tiles), and a red corner with icons and candles, and linen and lace textiles.

House in Russian style. Designer: Olga Derevleva

However, there were also numerous differences. The rich actively borrowed something new from foreign styles. This is, for example, a bright upholstery upholstered furniture, porcelain plates and clocks on the walls, elegant wooden furniture in English or french style, lampshades and sconces, paintings on the walls. In the interior in the style of a Russian tower, stained-glass windows will be very useful as interior windows, partitions or veranda glazing. In a word, everything is quite simple here, as in a hut, but there is a slight touch of luxury.

In the style of a Russian estate

4. Yard in Russian style

And the interior itself, and the windows in it, and the “outside the window” space should be in harmony. To protect the territory, it is better to order a fence about 180 cm high, assembled from pointed logs.

How is a Russian-style courtyard created now? It is unequivocally impossible to answer, since in Russia the court was organized in different ways, depending on the area. However, the designers found common features, which are recreated in landscape design. A path (often winding) is laid from the gate to the entrance to the house. Often it is covered with a board. Along the edges of the path is a flower border. In the old days, peasants set aside any free plot of land for beds, but they still tried to decorate the front yard with flower beds.

Now lawn grasses are used for the backyard of the hut. This area is shaded with pine trees planted around the perimeter. However, currant or raspberry bushes will also be very in the spirit of the Russian court. Elements landscape design in the Russian style are various wooden items: a wooden children's slide, a stationary table with benches, Russian swings. And, of course, all buildings in the yard should be made of wood.

Interior in the style of a Russian hut or estate: ideas from designers

1. About the mirror. Mirrors are an alien object for an old Russian house. However, it is difficult to imagine modern house without a single reflective sheet. Choose mirrors with an aged effect, enclosed in bulky wooden frames. The mirror can be disguised as false thanks to wooden shutters. A carved frame with the same wooden shutters can also be used to disguise a flat-screen TV.

2. Styling idea for the bedroom. An interesting solution for bedrooms or children's rooms: stylization as a cozy rustic courtyard. Walls 1-1.5 meters from the floor are sheathed with an unpainted board imitating a fence. Painting is also used floral ornament: butterflies flutter and birds fly on the wall above the fence. The other wall of the room can be an imitation of the outer wall wooden house with a window decorated with lace platbands and wooden shutters. At the same time, the ceiling can be decorated with a painting, which is an image of the sky. A bench, a hammock, barrels instead of bedside tables - and you will feel like sleeping in a village courtyard.

3. Household appliances in the interior of a Russian hut. In the kitchen, as already mentioned, it is desirable to build in all household appliances. But some items can not be hidden, but, on the contrary, can be made an interior highlight. Technique " airbrushing"It is used not only for painting cars, but also for decorating the housing of household appliances. For example, you can order a painting of a refrigerator in the Russian style - in this case, a modern object not only does not break out of the style of a Russian hut, but also emphasizes it.

One more photo:

This is how designer Reshetova Tatyana interpreted the style of the hut

In the style of a Russian estate

Modern mountain. Photo taken