Facing the house in the German style. German house projects

We all know the popular prints, already rather fed up, but, it seems, “not killed” clichés about Russia - the balalaika, the matryoshka doll and the tame bear. But the standard idea of ​​Germany is also not complete without the mention of Oktoberfest, sausages and, of course, such cozy, like gingerbread, German houses. This image of a homely idyll attracts many who are in love with Germany. But is it really so and in what houses, how stone wall live German burghers?

Fachwerkhaus ( frame house) - this is just the same, "postcard" view of Germany: a fabulous house that you want to admire without ceasing - and it would be even better to live! The house consists of wooden frame, the cavities of which are filled with a mixture of wood and clay or, in some cases, brick. Half-timbered houses are an integral part of the country's architecture; it is impossible to imagine Germany without them. As a rule, such houses are located in the old part of the city (Altstadt).


Reihenhaus (sectional house)- This is a separate house, which is part of a line of houses built in a row. Sectional houses prevail in the development of the central part of cities. Outside the historical center of the city are, as a rule, separately standing houses and houses for two apartments.


Doppelhaus it is usually a large semi-detached house. But you should not be afraid - you won’t have to share the premises with anyone except your family. In most cases, this type of housing is two houses with common wall, while each of which stands on its own land plot and has its own separate entrance. So there is no need to worry about how to get to the bathroom in the morning, ahead of the neighbors.

Einfamilienhaus (family house)- is a residential building that serves as a home for one family and contains one conditional apartment. As a rule, such single-family houses are owned by users and therefore they are also called private houses.

Sozialwohnung (council flat) This is a residential building built with the help of public public funds. These apartments are distinguished by a rather low rent, since they are intended mainly for low-income segments of the population (large families, people with disabilities).
In order to rent such an apartment, you must have a special permit. This permission, respectively, is received by persons whose income does not exceed a certain allowable limit. Municipal apartments are received on a first-come, first-served basis, but since there are more people who have the right to rent such apartments than the housing itself, they are distributed in order of urgent need. For example, it is more likely that municipal housing will be issued to a pensioner with a disability who lives on the 5th floor in a building without an elevator.
Wochenendhaus (summer house) is a house or hut located in a rural, natural area for spending holidays or weekends there. Some summer houses are in really beautiful places: by the lake or with mountain view. From small garden plot on the outskirts of the city (Schrebergarten, Kleingarten) summer houses differ, first of all, in size. They are usually provided modern plumbing, gas is installed and there is electricity.


Bungalow- represents cottage, which may have various options roofs The word itself comes from North Indian languages ​​and literally means "in the Bengali style." The history of the spread of such a residential building is connected with the fact that in the 18th century the British colonialists who lived in the Bengal region took local houses as a model for building housing and reproduced them. Typical bungalows have one floor and a spacious veranda. In Germany, the peak of popularity of the bungalow came in the 60s of the 20th century.


What house would you like to live in?

The facade of the house is the first thing that guests and passers-by see. From exterior finish buildings largely depends on the opinion that will develop about its owners. Therefore, when planning construction, all more people guided not only by practicality, but also by beauty, giving preference to one or another architectural direction. house in german style – perfect solution for those who appreciate solidity, simplicity and elegance.

What buildings are popular in Bavaria and other parts of Germany? How to build such houses? Consider the nuances of the design of the facades of buildings in the German style.

Features of a German-style house

The Bavarian or German style of the house implies accuracy and even some austerity of the external design. To his characteristic features relate:

• lack of lush decorative elements;
• the severity of the lines;
• practicality;
• use in the decoration of inexpensive materials;
• calm colors.

Each element of the house must comply with these rules. Despite the apparent simplicity, while observing the traditions of architecture Western Europe, the building does not look inconspicuous. Country cottages German style reminiscent fairy houses descended from the pages of fairy tales. This effect is enhanced by neat design. adjoining territory- trimmed lawns, ornamental porch plantings, hedges.

Walls and roof

When it comes to the traditional German style of the house, the most common building shape is a rectangle or square. The walls are made smooth and painted in discreet colors - white, sand, gray. A combination of dark wood (timber) and clay is popular, and the facade can also be decorated with polymer panels, cement-bonded particle boards or bricks. The basement is often trimmed with natural stone.

The roof of a Bavarian-style house is usually gable, without an attic and with wide overhangs. Acceptable color solutions- red, brown, green, blue shades and their variations. Sometimes several similar tones are combined in one coating.

The material for the roof is tile or natural slate (slate). If the house is two-story, under the roof there may be an attic with a fence made of tinted wood, a bay window or a balcony.

Windows and doors

The entrance group and windows, decorated in the German style, should attract attention. The door itself, as a rule, is wooden; in its upper part, glazing with lintels is made. A wooden or stone porch leads to the entrance to the building. Also, a spacious room can be located in front of the door.

Windows are usually rectangular or arched. Each of them consists of several square or rectangular sections, fastened with jumpers. The modern Bavarian style also allows panoramic glazing of houses.

If this is combined with common style facade, windows can be supplemented with shutters. They perform decorative functions, creating bright accent and giving the house a rustic feel. Sometimes the shutters are covered with carvings and paintings.

half-timbered houses

German-style houses, the projects of which assume the presence of a visible timber frame, are called half-timbered. This type of architecture appeared in Germany in the 15th century and gradually gained popularity in other European countries.

The term fachwerk (fachwerk) means a frame structure. Such houses have a rigid frame of vertical, horizontal and diagonal beams. Initially, the space between the timber was filled with straw, branches and reeds mixed with clay. The frame elements were left open. The remaining surface was plastered, and wealthy citizens decorated the walls with carved wooden panels.

The use of wood as the main building material has given rise to interesting feature half-timbered houses- each floor of the building protrudes above the previous one. This design allows rainwater to drain to the ground, protecting walls and foundations from excessive dampness.

Half-timbered houses showed themselves with the best side. The reliability of the technology is evidenced by the fact that in Europe you can still find buildings in this style, built more than 300 years ago.

Other benefits of fachwerk include:

• construction speed;
• high thermal insulation properties;
• cheap materials;
• ease of repair work.

But there are also disadvantages - wood needs to be treated against fungus and mold, materials are highly flammable, forced ventilation is necessary. Given the cons frame houses, some owners resort to imitation half-timbered houses.

At the same time, the walls are erected from any modern materials, and the facade is decorated with polyurethane panels that create the impression wooden beams. Thus, the decoration of the house in the German style will look natural, but the building will become more practical.

gothic houses

Gothic in Germany began to develop in the X-XI centuries under the influence of French architecture. german buildings had their own characteristics - strict geometric shapes (usually a rectangle), one or four high towers instead of two, more modest facade decoration, external resemblance to defensive fortresses.

The building material is usually brick or stone. The height of the building is at least 3 floors, the roof is made pointed, the windows are lancet and elongated. The roof of German Gothic houses stands out in color, any contrasting combinations are possible - dark tiles and light walls or vice versa.

Although this style may seem outdated, it is still popular, including in cottage construction. Vacation home in the Gothic style - a personal fortress, from which emanates reliability and antiquity. It will look especially organic in the bosom of nature - in a mountainous area or at the edge of a forest.

A Bavarian-style house, whether it is a rustic half-timbered cottage or a sophisticated Gothic fortress, is an example of German quality and practicality. You can be sure that buildings built using proven German technologies will serve more than one generation of owners and will be able to surprise guests with their unusual design.

Useful video about a German-style house

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If you are looking for a light and easy style to decorate, then this is German.

It is chosen by many people, as it differs from all others in that it is simple and practical.

In this article, you will learn how to decorate your home in the German style simply, but at the same time with designer taste.

Kitchen decoration

The kitchen room is the place where mostly women spend a lot of time. For the same reason, there should be everything that will make it more comfortable and cozy.

For the German style, cheap and impractical furniture and clutter are not appropriate, everything should be in its place. Furniture is best chosen from durable and natural materials that will have high functionality.

A special characteristic is light walls and floors, glossy coatings. As for the curtains, it is better to choose them not dark and those that will let in daylight. Tulle can be used if desired. On the ceiling, you can attach one not very large chandelier or several small LED lamps.

Strict and no less modern should look Appliances for kitchen.

If possible, build large appliances into kitchen cabinets. For decoration, choose fresh flowers, good option will be putting them in pots.

German style in the design of the living room

The living room is one of the most important rooms of the house, so it should be decorated carefully and, of course, tastefully.

Use only natural materials- a table with a glass top and wooden legs, as well as wooden cabinet. Here the walls will also be light, but the floor should not be very dark, you can put a laminate on it.

The living room will be cozy and spacious if you decorate it with large quantity furniture. It can be just a sofa or a few chairs, not large sizes table and wardrobe.

You can decorate the room with different items. It can be like family photos on the walls, or large vases on the floor. Small decorative pillows can be placed on the sofa.

As above, no need to hang heavy curtains that won't let light through. A simple and transparent tulle will suffice. Choose a tablecloth to decorate the table light tone.

When decorating German-style apartments, it is worth saying that the living rooms there are often somewhere in the middle of the room itself.

For this reason daylight may not be enough for full coverage. In this case, you can choose a sconce attached to the ceiling. Small spotlights will lose a bit of the German style vibe, so choosing them is not recommended.

Bedroom style

We also spend a lot of time in the bedroom - rest, enjoying sleep. As in other rooms, extra furniture that does not have any functionality is not appropriate here.

Furniture, in the German style of the bedroom, should be chosen only from durable and natural materials.

In the bedroom, it is enough to have a spacious bed, a small chest of drawers for linen, cabinets near the bed. You can also place a dressing table and a chair.

This room should be bright, so choose pastel shades of wallpaper, white ceiling, delicate light furniture and laminate flooring, also light.

In the bedroom, add a picture on the wall, which will depict a landscape of nature. The window can be decorated with transparent tulle.

Attach either a chandelier or several to the ceiling spotlights. Near the bed, on the bedside tables, you can also place lamps. Place small soft rugs on the floor for comfort.

How to design a bathroom

When designing a bathroom, keep in mind that there should not be too many shelves and cabinets. Sanitary equipment choose simple, no extra decoration.

For the decoration of walls and floors, non-dark tiles are used. bathroom design interior design in german style should not be rebooted colors, maximum three colors.

If you have chosen the German style for decorating your home, you will definitely feel comfort, freedom and coziness.

Photo of the German style in the interior

Since ancient times, German architecture has been famous for its beauty and practicality. As in other countries, it has come a long way from Romanesque and gothic style to high-tech, from castles and half-timbered buildings to ultra modern buildings. Due to its solidity and economy, German architecture has become the epitome of high quality and rationality. Some elements ancient houses- for example, fachwerk - is still used in the construction of modern buildings. And university students study the works of the famous German designer Ernst Neufert and follow in their work the standards and patterns he found.

House with imitation fachwerk on the facade

The 20th century was a turning point in the history of Germany in general, and in particular in design and architecture, marking a consistent departure from the classics. With the advent of the Bauhaus school in the 1920s, modernism gradually supplanted the rest. architectural styles. The architects abandoned the ornament on the facades, simplified the shape of the buildings, subordinating it to the function. These principles were also reflected in post-war architecture, when designers deliberately avoided any historical analogies and preferred to create "with clean slate". The practicality of the building and its efficiency, both during construction and during operation, came to the fore. Architects are actively exploring new materials and technologies to improve energy efficiency and manage the home with ease. In recent decades, projects of "smart" houses with the use of automation and computer technology have been increasingly developed.

The architecture of a private house combines traditional and modern elements: simple form buildings and gable roof appeared in a new interpretation, and the zinc roofing spread over the entire surface of the house. Klaus Schlossen Architekten

1. Distinctive features of the German house

Private architecture in Germany is quite diverse. As in Russia, here you can find both ultra-modern buildings and quite traditional buildings. In addition, many cities with old houses, which were reconstructed in connection with the new realities of life. If we talk about newly built buildings, then most of them are being built according to standard designs.

Many residents of Germany live in individual cottages in small towns, and go to work in the nearest metropolis. There are both single-family houses (Einfamilienhaus) and duplexes (Zweifamilienhaus). Having studied the German catalogs of private houses for the middle class, we can note general principles designing modern suburban housing in Germany. Practicality, economy, rationality - these features that distinguish the entire German architecture as a whole underlie each private project. This approach is manifested both in planning and facade solutions.

The structure of the German house is simple and concise. No frills, no impractical and economically unjustified decorations and architectural elements:

The shape of the houses is close to a square; additional volumes are often attached to it. This can be an entrance group that forms a balcony on the second floor, or a garage attached to the house or connected to it by a covered terrace;

The building consists of two floors, or one floor with an attic;

The roof is most often gable (sometimes four-slope);

There are no turrets in the architecture of the house, but there are bay windows and balconies.

The plan of the building forms a rectangle. It is complemented by volume entrance group serving as a balcony on the second floor. Kampa

The project from the "ABC of Construction". Architect Alexey Kilevnik.

Stylistics modern home relies heavily on the principles inherent in functionalism and minimalism. Unlike traditional German half-timbered architecture, functionalism implies a complete absence of rigid canons and the use of new possibilities of modern building materials. The main attention is paid to the function of this or that element. The form is determined by the function, and the facade is determined by the form.

Similar principles are declared in minimalism. Buildings in this style are usually built according to individual projects, and are more expressive. Ease of execution, lack of decor and embellishments, natural materials in the decoration, a single color scheme, simple geometric shapes - these are features style. Particular attention is paid to the effects associated with natural light. Therefore, cottages in this style are characterized by the presence of windows on the entire wall and flat roofs with glass pieces.

All this is reflected in facade solutions. German houses, among which we can distinguish common features:

- balconies, terraces, awnings, large roof extensions, which provide a variety of facade solutions that give the building individuality;

The additional volume of the loggia gives expressiveness to a building that is simple in form. Juretzka Architekten

- large areas of glazing, corner and panoramic windows, double glazing;

The large glass area makes a typical country house prominent representative contemporary private architecture. Landau+Kindelbacher

Lack of decor on the facade;

The use of large undivided planes of a homogeneous material or one color;

Light textured plaster and black wooden planken form an expressive contrast. Drevohaus

Space-planning solutions correspond to the structure of the house and are built according to general principles:

The living room and dining room, as a rule, are combined into a single space;

The kitchen is most often not isolated by solid partitions, but is separated from the common space by a piece of furniture (bar counter, shelving) or a decorative wall. The absence of partitions and corridors, the combination of several functional areas in one space creates a feeling of spaciousness, saves usable area. As a result, prerequisites for interesting interior solutions arise;

A single space of the kitchen-living room in the interior. Landau+Kindelbacher

The total area of ​​the three main functional areas of the main room (living room + dining room + kitchen) is approximately 40-70 m2;

The entrance block is separated by partitions (entrance hall, toilet, wardrobe, stairs);

Ground floor plan in typical house. Kampa

The apparent dryness of rectangular spaces is often enriched with rectangular bay windows - both on one floor and double-height;

On the second floor there are traditionally private apartments (bedrooms, office, bathroom, wardrobe);

All rooms are separated by partitions, most often of a broken shape, for the functional arrangement of furniture, equipment and more efficient use of space;

In the layout of the building you can find everything character traits German home. Most The first floor is occupied by the combined space of the kitchen, dining room and living room. A single-flight staircase leads to the second floor. complex shape bedrooms and bathroom allows you to divide the premises into functional areas. Drevohaus

To move between floors, a single-flight staircase is often used, and a spacious illuminated staircase hall is arranged on the second floor.

A single-flight staircase leads to a lighted hall on the second floor. Klaus Schlossen Architekten

2. Building a house according to a German project

German practicality and rationality often attract future homeowners from Russia. Simple and discreet, and at the same time very functional, German-style houses are very popular. How promising foreign projects are and how they take root on Russian soil is clearly demonstrated by the history of the construction of the "German" house by the Azbuka Stroitelstva company.

House project

The project of a cottage with a total area of ​​219 m2, created by a German architectural and construction bureau, interested our potential customer. In 2009, he took photographs of the exterior and interior of an exhibition model in Germany and turned to ABC Construction with a request to develop an AR (architectural section) and a KR (constructive section) and subsequently build a house according to this project.

Having studied the photographic materials, our specialists analyzed the architectural and space-planning solutions of the cottage, which the customer liked so much. Rectangular in plan, the cottage is crowned with a traditional gable hip roof. Symmetrical facades attract with their purity and clarity. The French windows of the first and second floors lined up in one line give lightness to the end facades with hip gables. On the second floor, the windows are decorated with a metal balcony railing.

Exhibition sample of a German house. Corner rustications in the color of white frontal boards, window and door frames make the facades festive and elegant.

The "visiting card" of the project is two symmetrically located volumes that adjoin the rear facade and together create a U-shaped composition. This is a glazed room. winter garden, combined with the living room, and a covered terrace, access to which is designed from the dining room. With their proportions and shape of the roof, the extensions repeat the canopy over the porch of the main entrance and form a small patio between them - an isolated cozy space for family vacation open air.

hallmark planning decision cottage is a light translucent staircase located in the center of the house. This planning "highlight" attracted the attention of the customer.

As the main compositional dominant, the staircase conditionally builds the boundaries of the main functional areas: hall, kitchen, dining room, living room, while providing a view of the entire space. Thanks to light and openwork structures and a wide stair hatch, the hall on the second floor is clearly visible and becomes part of the overall volume, visually expanding it.

An openwork staircase located in the center of the building provides a through view of the entire front space.

As planned by the designers, the staircase does not adjoin load-bearing structures and building partitions. Like a sculpture, it can be freely walked around from all sides. Thus, the functional object has turned into a kind of core of the house, around which life processes revolve in the literal and figurative sense.

Lightness, airiness and additional volume to the double-height space of the living room give five window openings cut into the truncated roof gable. These windows also illuminate the staircase hall on the second floor. Such a detail makes the interior more diverse, and the facade of the building - rich and interesting.

The second floor is attic, but due to the sufficient height of the walls to the roof slope, the space is cozy and functional. The living quarters and bathrooms are equipped with sloped skylights, which not only saturate the space with daylight, but also noticeably enliven the interior.

Skylights make the space on the second floor bright and cozy.

Construction history

By different reasons The "German" project was not implemented. But photographs of the cottage attracted another of our customers. These design solutions almost fully met his requirements and wishes for the organization inner space, the composition of the premises and the architecture of the building.

However, the customer wished to make some changes to the design and layout of the building in order to adapt the project to his needs, Russian climatic conditions and the existing building materials market. The construction process was preceded by the design stage, as a result of which the house underwent a number of changes.

The cold climate required a warm vestibule, which turned into a covered terrace of the main entrance. For the same reason, stained-glass glazing of the winter garden was abandoned, replacing it with walls with a large window opening. To increase the living space, I had to abandon the second light in the living room. In its place, an office appeared in the attic. For better lighting five windows were combined into a continuous tape block.

Ribbon attic windows provide good insolation to the office.

The terrace adjoining the dining room also became warm. A home theater was set up in this room. At the request of the customer, in place of the living room on the first floor, our specialists designed a rest room with a steam room, a shower room and a bathroom. A small redevelopment also affected the group of technical premises.

Standard windows with a window sill height of 0.9 m instead of French ones - from floor to ceiling - helped to improve the heat engineering of the house, which is important in winter period. On the second floor, the height of the windows remained the same, but here they arranged a balcony with wooden fencing and exit from two rooms. A ventilation unit lined with stone appeared on the facade of the house - it runs through outer wall technical room.

The end facade of the house has undergone changes: on the first floor, the height of the windows has decreased, and a balcony has appeared on the second.

For economic reasons and aesthetic preferences of the customer, our architects have shifted the decorative accents in the exterior of the house. Snow-white rustication and architraves were abandoned, and the expensive dark front brick of the outer walls was replaced with light-colored brick. However, to maintain contrast window frames, frontal boards and drainage systems were made in dark colors. For more reliable operation of the roof with a large number of valleys and ribs, it was decided to replace metal tiles with bituminous tiles.

Despite all these changes, our designers have kept artistic image cottage, space-planning structure and, of course, main feature interior space - a sculptural staircase in the very center of the house. The construction of the building under this project was carried out by our company in 2010.

The end facade of the house has undergone changes: on the first floor, the height of the windows has decreased, and a balcony has appeared on the second.

Currently, we are actively cooperating with the German architectural and construction bureau Anke Disterheft. Leading specialists and management of Azbuka Stroitelstva often visit Germany, where they exchange experience with German colleagues, improve their skills, study new technologies and materials in construction.

We have accumulated a large number of ideas for design and construction country houses based on German standards and technologies. There is a lot of original literature on German architecture in our office. If you are interested in the material of this article, we are always waiting for you in the ABC of Construction.

Among private customers, projects of German houses are especially popular. The catalog contains more than 60 ready-made solutions for construction, among which there are examples, both traditional in style and in a more modern reading. The most attractive features of such cottages are: strict elegant appearance, and rationality of planning decisions.

architectural features

As in all European countries, German architects were strongly influenced by Italian and later French culture. The victory was won by the practicality of the national character. A clear, well-recognized appearance of the building has formed, which distinguishes all projects of German houses and cottages from the photo in our catalog. It is characterized by the following features.

1. Square or rectangular, with a slight difference in sides, the shape of the base. Clear geometric shapes, accentuated by decorative trim.
2. The combination in one ensemble of additional volumes, acting as multi-level extensions: an outbuilding, summer cuisine, swimming pool, garage.
3. Horizontal remote structures on the upper floors with a terrace, large balconies.
4. Gable (rarely 4) roofs covered with tiles of red, cherry, Brown color, attic with windows.
5. Lack of small decor on the facades - classic look form dark beams that form a "cage" and contrast with the light plaster on the walls.

Most of the architectural projects in Germany bear the legacy of the Gothic culture. This is the general aspiration of the building upwards (towards the sky), acute-angled outlines, vertical glazed bay windows and narrow windows.

Various German-style cottages

Modern houses in Germany are built mainly of stone, common frame structures. Usually they are built in several levels, one-story buildings are less common. Among finished projects there are a few that are popular.

• Old German brick houses- are solid appearance, and functionality. large areas glazing gives the facade a stylish look, and decorative beams on the pediments - a tribute to tradition.
• Cottages with a pronounced fachwerk- built from the most different materials. Imitation of intersecting vertical and inclined racks is created using polyurethane foam materials, laminated chipboard, wood. An example in the catalog is a building made of aerated concrete blocks (No. 53-96).

Clients often ask for a German-style house project with an attic - this is a traditional construction technique in many areas of Germany, where it is typical rational use everyone square meter area starting from basements, and ending with the attic space.

Our company develops ready-made architectural solutions, including - projects of German houses, more than 15 years. Choosing the option you like, the customer receives a complete package of documentation with working drawings, diagrams and specifications of building materials.