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house in german style: 2 Bavarian currents and 8 building rules

The German-style house is a luxurious building with light-colored walls and brown wooden beams. The beams are located at different angles and create an interesting appearance. Let's take a closer look at German-style houses.

House design

The peculiarity of such houses is that they do not have load-bearing central elements, since the structure is built using sections. And the space between specific sections is filled with certain building materials:

• clay concrete materials.
• Brick.
• A rock. This option is used quite rarely, but is also used in the German style.

The classic option is one-storey cottage with a pronounced attic, which is comfortably located on the border or second floor. Thus, the owners of the house receive a two-story building.

The first floor includes territorial location living room, dining room and kitchen. Quite often there is also a bathroom for the convenience of residents.

On the second floor, that is, in the attic, there is a bedroom and a children's room. Also, if space permits, you can arrange a bathroom. It is extremely rare to observe the construction and arrangement of three-story houses.

Many construction companies provide services for the construction of turnkey houses. Here you only need to agree on the project and its cost. Of particular interest is the facade of the house.

On the facade can be placed flower pots, hooks for Christmas decorations and even birdhouses. Such elements give additional notes of comfort and friendliness.

Construction features

German style projects are made from half-timbered frame. The frame is equipped with three elements:

• Beam. This is a certain size timber, made from materials of natural origin: wood.
• Braces. This wooden bars, which are important to arrange in accordance with the corners.
• Rack. This wooden support located in the vertical plane.

For the German style, you need to use braces. They give the house strength and stability. The braces are fastened in accordance with the joints of the existing parts. Such cunning characterizes true German quality.

Types of German houses: 2 styles

The German style of houses can be translated into reality by two main building abilities:

Photo	Description
	half-timbered houses A distinctive feature is the vertical frame. It is combined with cross braces and beams. The alignment is done diagonally. Beams should be painted in a contrasting color to the color of the walls. This results in a magnificent entourage and German expressiveness. Components in such houses act well natural stones and plaster.
	gothic houses Such houses have a natural originality. Quite often they are compared with Gothic castles. A pointed roof, as well as elongated windows, make houses much more attractive and refined. The Gothic style often includes brick columns, but they are not only an element of decor, but also serve as a support for the roof, the summer terrace.

Decoration Materials

Exterior decoration is based on the Bavarian style. Where clay walls and wooden beams are observed.

Some projects are created using decorative stone, brick or plastic panels.

Exterior and interior: 8 rules of arrangement

With your own hands, you can easily create unique German interiors, moderately restrained and refined. It is important to know the basic rules:

Photo	Description
	Rule 1. Colors and shades The German style makes extensive use of light shades and pastel colors. All natural materials are endowed with the same shades: clay, a rock, tree. Wall decoration should be as natural, neutral and unobtrusive as possible. You can actively use decorative stones, cobblestones, lightly covered with plaster as decorative elements. The interior decor allows the use of wooden beams, equipped on the walls and ceiling.
	Rule 2. Flooring Actual use as floor covering tree. It can be a laminate of any shades and combinations, as well as parquet. For bedrooms, children's and living rooms, you can buy carpets with a low pile. The color scheme is selected in accordance with a single style line. As a rule, the floor covering is chosen darker than the color of the walls. In the German style, brown, white and beige scales are actively used.
	Rule 3. Window frames and doors Frames are also better to choose from natural materials. But plastic under a tree is allowed. Imitation of a half-timbered house is well suited, it even allows you to glaze the entire building as a whole. The German style is quite demanding on the subtleties of the design of window frames and entrance doors. It is important that the front door stands out from the background of the house.
	Rule 4. Attic Houses with an attic always look much more attractive and comfortable. In the attic you can create summer room, flower garden and much more. It is important when arranging the attic to think over the thermal insulation system. Window shutters are good to decorate bright colors like petunias. The German style also involves the arrangement of the terrace. Its appearance will look harmonious with plants such as parthenocissus, heather or blackberry. There are benches and tables for evening tea on the terrace. It is important that the pieces of furniture are made of natural material.
	Rule 5. Furniture The furniture is characterized by conciseness, exquisite design and naturalness. Actively use wood, stone. Animal skins or imitation fur are suitable as upholstery. Beds, tables, chairs, wardrobes must be made of wood.
	Rule 6 Accessories Often the German style is compared with Italian interiors. It is important to use natural ingredients. You can apply some elements of Gothic in the interior. For example, stylize a stove as a Gothic oven arch. Place clay pots on the shelves. The German style necessarily contains a variety of fresh flowers, respectively, planted in clay pots.
	Rule 7. Fireplace The highlight of any interior is a fireplace, but the German style cannot be complete without it. If it is not possible to create a real fireplace with a pipe removed, it can be easily replaced with an electric one. In stores you can find a large assortment of stylized fireplaces. The facing of the fireplace should be natural, as a rule, it is a stone (brick or clay is rarely used).
	Rule 8. Lighting The right lighting option will be floor lamps, sconces and ceiling lights. It is better if there are natural elements in the decor elements of the lamps. The more lighting inside the space, the better. Large-scale chandeliers stylized as candles look harmonious in this style.

Conclusion

German charm, grace and pedantry are the main qualities that are appropriate to use in house projects. Houses built on the basis of German classical style, differ in functionality, durability and attractiveness.

The video in this article will clearly demonstrate the topic. And if you have any questions, ask them in the comments

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The facade of the house is the first thing that guests and passers-by see. From exterior finish buildings largely depends on the opinion that will develop about its owners. Therefore, when planning construction, all more people guided not only by practicality, but also by beauty, giving preference to one or another architectural direction. A German-style house is an excellent solution for those who appreciate solidity, simplicity and elegance.

What buildings are popular in Bavaria and other parts of Germany? How to build such houses? Consider the nuances of the design of the facades of buildings in the German style.

Features of a German-style house

The Bavarian or German style of the house implies accuracy and even some austerity of the external design. To his characteristic features relate:

• lack of lush decorative elements;
• the severity of the lines;
• practicality;
• use in the decoration of inexpensive materials;
• calm colors.

Each element of the house must comply with these rules. Despite the apparent simplicity, while observing the traditions of architecture Western Europe, the building does not look inconspicuous. Country cottages German style reminiscent fairy houses descended from the pages of fairy tales. This effect is enhanced by neat design. adjoining territory- trimmed lawns, ornamental porch plantings, hedges.

Walls and roof

When it comes to the traditional German style of the house, the most common building shape is a rectangle or square. The walls are made smooth and painted in discreet colors - white, sand, gray. A combination of dark wood (timber) and clay is popular, and the facade can also be decorated with polymer panels, cement-bonded particle boards or bricks. The basement is often trimmed with natural stone.

The roof of a Bavarian-style house is usually gable, without an attic and with wide overhangs. Acceptable color solutions- red, brown, green, blue shades and their variations. Sometimes several similar tones are combined in one coating.

The material for the roof is tile or natural slate (slate). If the house is two-story, under the roof there may be an attic with a fence made of tinted wood, a bay window or a balcony.

Windows and doors

The entrance group and windows, decorated in the German style, should attract attention. The door itself, as a rule, is wooden; in its upper part, glazing with lintels is made. A wooden or stone porch leads to the entrance to the building. Also, a spacious room can be located in front of the door.

Windows are usually rectangular or arched. Each of them consists of several square or rectangular sections, fastened with jumpers. The modern Bavarian style also allows panoramic glazing of houses.

If this is combined with common style facade, windows can be supplemented with shutters. They perform decorative functions, creating a bright accent and giving the house a rustic cozy look. Sometimes the shutters are covered with carvings and paintings.

half-timbered houses

German-style houses, the projects of which assume the presence of a visible timber frame, are called half-timbered. This type of architecture appeared in Germany in the 15th century and gradually gained popularity in other European countries.

The term fachwerk (fachwerk) means a frame structure. Such houses have a rigid frame of vertical, horizontal and diagonal beams. Initially, the space between the timber was filled with straw, branches and reeds mixed with clay. The frame elements were left open. The remaining surface was plastered, and wealthy citizens decorated the walls with carved wooden panels.

The use of wood as the main building material has given rise to an interesting feature half-timbered houses- each floor of the building protrudes above the previous one. This design allows rainwater to drain to the ground, protecting walls and foundations from excessive dampness.

Half-timbered houses showed themselves with the best side. The reliability of the technology is evidenced by the fact that in Europe you can still find buildings in this style, built more than 300 years ago.

Other benefits of fachwerk include:

• construction speed;
• high thermal insulation properties;
• cheap materials;
• ease of repair work.

But there are also disadvantages - wood needs to be treated against fungus and mold, materials are highly flammable, and forced ventilation is necessary. Given the disadvantages of frame houses, some owners resort to imitation half-timbered houses.

At the same time, the walls are erected from any modern materials, and the facade is decorated with polyurethane panels that give the impression of wooden beams. Thus, the decoration of the house in the German style will look natural, but the building will become more practical.

gothic houses

Gothic in Germany began to develop in the X-XI centuries under the influence of French architecture. german buildings had their own characteristics - strict geometric shapes (usually a rectangle), one or four high towers instead of two, more modest facade decoration, external resemblance to defensive fortresses.

The building material is usually brick or stone. The height of the building is at least 3 floors, the roof is made pointed, the windows are lancet and elongated. Roofing German gothic houses stands out in color, any contrasting combinations are possible - dark tiles and light walls, or vice versa.

Although this style may seem outdated, it is still popular, including in cottage construction. Vacation home in the Gothic style - a personal fortress, from which emanates reliability and antiquity. It will look especially organic in the bosom of nature - in a mountainous area or at the edge of a forest.

A Bavarian-style house, whether it is a rustic half-timbered cottage or a sophisticated Gothic fortress, is an example of German quality and practicality. You can be sure that buildings built using proven German technologies will serve more than one generation of owners and will be able to surprise guests with their unusual design.

Useful video about a German-style house

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Recently, when building a house, much attention has been paid to its appearance. And it's not just about interior decoration - great importance also has external design Houses.

Do not forget about the facade, because modern designers can offer great amount solutions that will be able to make your home truly original. It should be noted that in the German style are quite rare. The facade of the house will emphasize the taste, features and habits of the owner. If you are determined that you want to make your home unique with a facade, then you will need to decide on its style, and then on the material. When choosing a style, you should pay attention to the surrounding area: if the houses nearby have a design different from your facade, then no matter how beautiful it is, it will not fit well into the overall picture. After you decide on all the points, you can get to work.

One of best solutions The facades of the houses are modest and original German style. We note that German architecture has always been famous for its attractive appearance and economy. That is, for finishing you do not need a lot of material.
Such houses are usually built in the form of a rectangle or square, which achieves a rich appearance. But further, the German style is not distinguished by a smooth surface: since ancient times, decorative stone has been used for home improvement, which, by the way, is a key material. Now in Germany you can often find houses with ground floor lined with this stone.
Windows are made in the form of rectangles or arches. The windows are divided by small jumpers into several sections. Doors are selected depending on the color of the decorative stone. The roof, as a rule, is also painted in a color similar to the facade.
Here it is worth noting an important point: any house, no matter how it was originally built, can be converted to the German style. The most important thing is to choose the right building material of a certain color.

Fachwerk style is the latest fashion trend for the construction of residential buildings. The peculiarity of this style is that small boards are installed vertically, horizontally and diagonally throughout the house, which create an imitation of wooden beams. It is worth noting that the creation of such a style often costs the owners a pretty penny. It is also recommended to contact professional designer that can create a great style to match your home.

Of the advantages, it is worth noting that such houses will always stand out with originality. Wooden boards are quite easy to assemble, because they are quite light and are assembled according to the type of designer. Each individual house has its own dimensions, so the boards are made to order.
However, a German-style half-timbered house still has a couple of drawbacks:

• the design is short-lived - it will last you about 20 years, after which it will have to be replaced;
• imitating beams create poor thermal insulation.

But if you think about it then modern technologies do not stand still, and perhaps in a few years half-timbered houses will completely lose their shortcomings. Even though they are so small. You can also experiment by adopting some small features from such styles as, and "hi-tech". This will allow you to create a truly unique and inimitable facade.

Architectural styles inherent Western countries, are now very popular with domestic developers. In elite Russian settlements, one can increasingly see houses stylized as french provence, English classics, luxurious baroque or trendy high-tech. But ordinary homeowners are especially sympathetic to the German style, characterized by a combination of restraint and comfort.

The inhabitants of Germany are known all over the world, first of all, for their practicality and frugality, and these features are also reflected in the architecture of residential buildings. Such buildings at first sight give the impression of reliability and comfort, special home comfort without any frills.

The German style is characterized by the following features:

• the correct form of houses;
• small windows;
• lack of an attic;
• restrained colors;
• the predominance of natural materials;
• a small amount of facade decor of simple lines.

house architecture

Traditional german house has a rectangular or square shape, and can be one-, two- or three-story. Modern options allow the presence of extensions and some asymmetry of forms, but even in such projects much attention is paid to the correct proportions. For expansion usable space attic, bay windows are equipped in houses, there is often a basement.

The porch at the entrance is usually low, modest in size, with simple wooden railings. The terrace, if any, is quite small, but most often it is absent. Small, geometrically shaped balconies are available in almost every two- and three-story house. In classical buildings, they are always open, but in more modern projects, closed-type balconies, including those with panoramic windows, are preferred.

Small balconies - a feature of style

Roofs German houses most often gable, with wide overhangs, covered with tiles. Roofs of complex configuration or hips are rare, mainly in large mansions with numerous outbuildings.

Entrance doors have rectangular shape, top part may be glazed. The main entrance stands out only in a contrasting color - it is not customary to use another decor. The windows are also rectangular, small, with thin perpendicular lintels. Shutters are rarely used, and even then only as decoration.

Materials for construction and decoration

For the construction of German-style houses, red brick, natural stone, cinder block and ceramic block are widely used, and for frame structures - glued laminated timber, sandwich panels and DSP. A very common option is when the first floor is built of brick or stone, and the second of wood. Traditional finishes are plaster and paint. The walls are plastered smoothly, textured compositions are used in rare cases. Plinth veneer natural stone or its imitation - this is the most popular way of finishing. For roofing, all types of tiles are used, less often corrugated board.

Color spectrum

German houses are characterized by very restrained colors, and bright accents in the design of the exterior are rare. For walls, they usually choose beige, sand, white, sometimes light green or terracotta. At the same time, wooden decor almost always has a rich dark brown color that contrasts favorably with the walls. Also for contrast shutters and entrance doors may be bright red or blue. Roof color, depending on the type roofing material, varies from red-brown to dark gray.

The architectural style has several directions, the most significant of which are German Gothic and fachwerk. gothic refers to castle style, and more suitable for luxury mansions. But in Germany there are a lot of small houses, stylized as Gothic and distinguished by an unusually colorful look. They have high pointed roofs with the same pointed canopies over the porch, narrow, vertically elongated windows, and columns at the entrance made of stone or brick. The plinth is also high, lined with roughly hewn stone. All this makes the house visually taller and gives a presentable, outstanding look.

Fachwerk is considered the most famous direction, and for many it is he who personifies the traditional German style. It is very easy to identify half-timbered houses by the wooden beams dividing the facade into small sections of the correct shape. The beams intersect at right angles and diagonally, creating a kind of decor that is characteristic only of this style. Such houses look solid and unusually colorful, even despite the simplest decoration.

Design features and materials of half-timbered houses

Fachwerk refers to frame construction and today it is the most advanced technology for the construction of wooden frame houses. The basis of the structure is a construction of strong wooden poles, horizontal beams and diagonal braces, and the space between them is filled with various building material with sufficient heat capacity.

Half-timbered houses - German style

Initially, for the construction of half-timbered houses, ordinary logs and wooden beams of various sections were used, and the sections formed by them were filled with straw mixed with lime and clay (like adobe buildings). Later they began to use stone and burnt bricks, sometimes boards. Now the frame is made of glued laminated timber conifers, and to fill the sections are used modern materials– sandwich panels, DSP, aerated concrete, various heaters. At the same time, the frame elements always remain in sight, regardless of the method finishing facade.

Such houses have significant advantages:

• wooden frame has a relatively low weight and does not exert a serious load on the base. This makes it possible to build buildings on shallow foundations, which significantly reduces construction time and material costs;
• in the frame structure it is easy to hide all communications;
• the length of the bars makes it possible to cover large spans, which means interior spaces can be very spacious;
• the technology of fastening and bandaging the beams reduces the risks of the building skew to almost zero;
• half-timbered houses look colorful and impressive, standing out against the background of standard buildings.

True, the half-timbered style also has disadvantages:

• project development and installation of structures requires professional knowledge and skills, and specialist services are very expensive;
• a classic half-timbered house is not suitable for the northern regions, since the walls in it are not thick enough and cannot provide reliable thermal insulation;
• an open wooden frame needs regular treatment with flame retardants, antifungal and hydrophobic compounds.

In addition to the construction of half-timbered houses, there are more practical option- Fachwerk exterior finish. Firstly, absolutely any house of a standard form can be styled as fachwerk. Secondly, it is not difficult to perform the simulation on your own, no special knowledge is needed for this. Thirdly, such a finish will be cheaper than, for example, cladding the facade with siding.

Fachwerk style facade decoration

To simulate frame beams, conventional wooden planks treated with protective glazing compounds.

The rougher the material, the better; false beams made of artificially aged wood look especially impressive. Boards must be at least 10 cm wide and at least 2 cm thick, always smooth, without cracks and rot, with a minimum number of knots. The moisture content of lumber should not exceed 20%.

Polyurethane boards are an excellent alternative to wood. This material does not need to be protected from precipitation, insects and microorganisms do not damage it. Polyurethane is much more durable than wood and less hassle during operation. Polyurethane boards can be bought at any building supermarket, and the choice of such products is quite wide.

Finishing can be done according to brickwork, plaster, insulation. If the walls need leveling, great solution there will be sheathing of the DSP house with the subsequent installation of false beams.

Preparatory stage

To properly prepare the walls, you must first remove all unnecessary and check the quality of the base. Therefore, the first step is to remove the facade decor (if any), platbands, gutters, lighting devices, and then thoroughly clean the walls from dirt. You can use a metal brush or grinder with an abrasive nozzle. After cleaning, cracks, chips, empty seams in the masonry and other defects are clearly visible on the walls.

Cracks and deep grooves should be repaired cement mortar, as for small irregularities, they will be hidden under a layer of thermal insulation. If areas affected by the fungus are found, they must be treated with an antifungal compound or any chlorine-containing agent after stripping. After the repair mortar has dried, the walls must be primed, and it is desirable to choose a primer with antiseptic properties and containing a quartz filler.

Warming and plastering

If the walls do not need to be leveled or insulated, you can immediately start finishing. We will consider the option with insulation. One of the popular ways is foam sheathing: the material perfectly retains heat, and the installation process does not require much effort. Styrofoam plates are attached to the glue and additionally fixed with dowels-fungi, for reliability.

Step 1. The lower boundary of the sheathing is determined and a horizontal line is drawn along the perimeter of the house. According to this markup, a starting bar is attached to the dowel-nails, on which the first row of insulation will rest.

Step 2 Stir the mounting glue and begin to fix the foam. The glue is applied in a continuous strip along the perimeter of the sheet and pointwise in the center, after which the foam is applied to the wall, leveled and pressed. Be sure to check its location with a level to prevent distortions.

Step 3 Each next sheet is attached close to the previous one so that there are no gaps. The installation of the second row is carried out with an offset of the vertical seams, for which the first sheet in the row is cut in half. In the same way, the remaining rows are mounted, periodically checking their horizontal level with a level.

Step 4 After the glue dries, the insulation is fixed with fungal dowels, drilling neat holes in the center and in the corners of each sheet. The dowel caps must be slightly recessed so that they do not protrude beyond the plane of the foam. Next, the irregularities at the joints are cleaned, the gaps are blown out with foam, if they are nevertheless formed, priming the entire surface.

Trimming excess foam

Step 5 Knead a fresh adhesive solution and apply with a notched trowel over the foam. A reinforcing mesh is laid on the solution, smoothed with a spatula, deepening several millimeters into the thickness of the mixture. The mesh sheets are overlapped with each other and carefully leveled so that the joints are not visible. After the surface has dried, grout sandpaper medium grit.

Step 6 Cooking plaster mortar and apply it to the walls in a thin and even layer. Special care is needed here, since any flaw will be clearly visible. When the plaster sets, it must be rubbed with a metal or polyurethane trowel.

Finally, the walls need to be painted. It will be difficult to do this after installing the decor, because you will have to paste over each board with masking tape so as not to stain it with paint. The color for the walls must be selected taking into account the color of the boards, because they must contrast with each other. The classic fachwerk implies light walls and a dark frame, this combination is more harmonious.

Fachwerk imitation

Step 1. First, you should draw a sketch of the facade on paper and consider the location of the decor elements.

In traditional half-timbered houses, the lower part is surrounded by a solid beam, which is called a strapping. Bars must be installed at the corners of the facade, and to strengthen the structure, they are rigidly fastened with bracing (corner mans). If the wall is more than 6 m wide, another one is installed in the center vertical bar with braces on both sides - the central man. Strapping beams are also attached to the upper part of the walls and between floors.

An important element of the half-timbered house is the "St. Andrew's Cross" - two diagonal planks fastened in the form of the letter "X". Most often it is located above and below window openings. Crossbars provide additional rigidity to the frame - short horizontal crossbars between the uprights.

Advice. Fachwerk imitation does not require exact observance of these conditions, because false beams are not subjected to any load. At the same time, well-placed elements create a more believable look and bring the finish closer to true German style.

Step 2 After working out the sketch, it is necessary to mark up directly on the wall. Vertical and horizontal lines are drawn strictly according to the level, because even small deviations will be noticeable from afar. Having completed the markup, it is necessary to prepare the boards: first they are cut according to measurements in length, the ends are cut at an angle at the braces, and treated with protective compounds.

Step 3 Each element is carefully coated with impregnation on all sides and dried in air. Next, 1-2 layers of dark-colored paint are applied: traditionally, in half-timbered houses, the beams are painted in dark brown and black, which effectively contrast with light plaster. Instead of impregnation and paint, you can take a glazing antiseptic with a dark shade of color - it will not only provide reliable protection, but also preserve the natural texture of the wood.

Advice. Strict restrictions on color scheme there is no frame, and there are houses with red beams, dark blue, light brown. The most important thing is that the boards do not merge in color with the walls, because then the whole meaning of the finish disappears.

Step 4 They take the first board, apply it to the wall and mark the attachment points along the marking line. Putting the decor aside, they drill holes in the wall, remove dust, and fix the false beam in place with the help of dowel-nails. The rest of the elements are fixed in the same way, carefully aligning along the marked lines until the layout is completed. The caps of the fasteners must be recessed into the tree by 1-2 mm so that they do not protrude above the surface.

Option to use decorative boards with dowels

Step 5 To improve the aesthetic appearance, the recesses in the fasteners should be sealed with a waterproof sealant. For these purposes, an acrylic-silicone composition is perfect, which has excellent adhesion and resistance to deformation. Sealant can be matched by color or painted over after it dries.

So, quite economically, you can give your home a completely the new kind. Here you can experiment with color, wood texture, layout options. The main thing is to do everything as carefully as possible and strictly observe the proportions, otherwise it will all look more comical than attractive.

Video - German-style houses

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Video - Fachwerk facade decoration