Brick houses in the German style. German house projects

German quality is valued in all areas of activity, including in private housing construction. Traditional designs German houses differ in practicality, quality and multifunctional layouts. High level quality and attention to detail is evident in everything - from the choice of building materials to planning decisions. The German design of private houses in many projects has the shape of a cube, and exterior finish at home is done in light color palettes.

Characteristic features of the design of German houses

In the design of the exterior, you can always notice the presence of bay windows, a balcony, wooden decor, as well as real flowers planted in pots or decorative containers. In such houses window blocks have a classic rectangular or arched shape, sometimes with massive frames or shutters. The basement of the house, as a rule, is faced with porcelain stoneware or natural stone. German houses are most often found in the attic or two-story version With gable roof. The roof is predominantly covered with red tiles.

One of the most popular German style directions is fachwerk. All house projects in german style half-timbered houses are built from wooden beams with slopes at different angles. The distance between the beams is filled with aerated concrete, glass or white brick with insulation. An interesting feature of fachwerk is panoramic glazing which looks very stylish and respectable. Regardless of the architectural style, all German houses have a standard layout concept and the following common features:

Attic floor with gable roof;

Rectangular shape;

The presence of a garage or shed;

Thanks to design features, in mansard house, the space under the roof slopes does not disappear.

In some projects, a basement is equipped for domestic needs or a workshop.

Everyone knows the practicality of the Germans and their rational approach to all things. This feature affects the design of private houses. Many projects of German houses, instead of a garage, provide a simple and open area for parking a car. Despite the exoticism of German projects, in recent years, they are increasingly found in suburban construction.

Typical projects German houses are impeccable in terms of rationality and ergonomics, as they imply the maximum beneficial use residential and utility rooms. In many layouts, the number of walls and partitions is reduced to a minimum. The ground floor usually houses the kitchen and dining room, which is a central gathering place for the whole family. On the second floor there are bedrooms and other rooms necessary for relaxation.

Exterior decoration of the house in the German style

Finishing work outside the house involves the processing of finished wooden or plastered walls. Some German-style projects are developed with a facade that is divided into several equal segments using a rigid frame. The resulting cells are filled with special materials. In order to protect the foundation of the house from the negative impact external factors, the plinth of German houses is finished with high-strength materials such as artificial or natural stone. Such original design facade gives the house an attractive and extraordinary appearance.

For finishing houses, often, wide boards are used, which are fixed to plastered walls with self-tapping screws. As a material for the construction of classic German houses, architects most often choose dark wood, which is treated with paints and varnishes in order to protect the wood from moisture. Properly selected paint and varnish composition not only protects the tree from adverse factors, but also gives it a noble sheen, effectively emphasizing the structure of the pattern of internal fibers.

New designs of German houses combine ancient German traditions and high-tech materials. Because of this, houses in German designs, with Gothic architectural elements, are very popular in the field of private housing construction. The special architecture of German houses does not allow them to be confused with houses made in other styles. With us, the German fachwerk style, which is distinguished by an interesting shape of the roof and the predominance of wood in finishing, has received the widest distribution.

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The facade of the house is the first thing that guests and passers-by see. From exterior finish buildings largely depends on the opinion that will develop about its owners. Therefore, when planning construction, all more people guided not only by practicality, but also by beauty, giving preference to one or another architectural direction. A German-style house is an excellent solution for those who appreciate solidity, simplicity and elegance.

What buildings are popular in Bavaria and other parts of Germany? How to build such houses? Consider the nuances of the design of the facades of buildings in the German style.

Features of a German-style house

The Bavarian or German style of the house suggests accuracy and even some asceticism. external design. To his characteristic features relate:

• lack of lush decorative elements;
• the severity of the lines;
• practicality;
• use in the decoration of inexpensive materials;
• calm colors.

Each element of the house must comply with these rules. Despite the apparent simplicity, while observing the traditions of the architecture of Western Europe, the building does not look unattractive. Country cottages in the German style resemble fairy-tale houses descended from the pages of fairy tales. This effect is enhanced by neat design. adjoining territory- trimmed lawns, ornamental porch plantings, hedges.

Walls and roof

When it comes to the traditional German style of the house, the most common building shape is a rectangle or square. The walls are made smooth and painted in discreet colors - white, sand, gray. A combination of dark wood (timber) and clay is popular, and the facade can also be decorated with polymer panels, cement-bonded particle boards or bricks. The basement is often trimmed with natural stone.

The roof of a Bavarian-style house is usually gable, without an attic and with wide overhangs. Acceptable color solutions- red, brown, green, blue shades and their variations. Sometimes several similar tones are combined in one coating.

The material for the roof is tile or natural slate (slate). If the house is two-story, under the roof there may be an attic with a fence made of tinted wood, a bay window or a balcony.

Windows and doors

The entrance group and windows, decorated in the German style, should attract attention. The door itself, as a rule, is wooden; in its upper part, glazing with lintels is made. A wooden or stone porch leads to the entrance to the building. Also, a spacious room can be located in front of the door.

Windows are usually rectangular or arched. Each of them consists of several square or rectangular sections, fastened with jumpers. The modern Bavarian style also allows panoramic glazing of houses.

If this is combined with common style facade, windows can be supplemented with shutters. They perform decorative functions, creating a bright accent and giving the house a rustic cozy look. Sometimes the shutters are covered with carvings and paintings.

half-timbered houses

German-style houses, the projects of which assume the presence of a visible timber frame, are called half-timbered. This type of architecture appeared in Germany in the 15th century and gradually gained popularity in other European countries.

The term fachwerk (fachwerk) means a frame structure. Such houses have a rigid frame of vertical, horizontal and diagonal beams. Initially, the space between the timber was filled with straw, branches and reeds mixed with clay. The frame elements were left open. The remaining surface was plastered, and wealthy citizens decorated the walls with carved wooden panels.

The use of wood as the main building material has given rise to interesting feature half-timbered houses - each floor of the building protrudes forward above the previous one. This design allows rainwater to drain to the ground, protecting walls and foundations from excessive dampness.

Half-timbered houses showed themselves with the best side. The reliability of the technology is evidenced by the fact that in Europe you can still find buildings in this style, built more than 300 years ago.

Other benefits of fachwerk include:

• construction speed;
• high thermal insulation properties;
• cheap materials;
• ease of repair work.

But there are also disadvantages - wood needs to be treated against fungus and mold, materials are highly flammable, forced ventilation is necessary. Given the cons frame houses, some owners resort to imitation half-timbered houses.

At the same time, the walls are erected from any modern materials, and the facade is decorated with polyurethane panels that give the impression of wooden beams. Thus, the decoration of the house in the German style will look natural, but the building will become more practical.

gothic houses

Gothic in Germany began to develop in the X-XI centuries under the influence of French architecture. german buildings had their own characteristics - strict geometric shapes (usually a rectangle), one or four high towers instead of two, more modest facade decoration, external resemblance to defensive fortresses.

The building material is usually brick or stone. The height of the building is at least 3 floors, the roof is made pointed, the windows are lancet and elongated. Roofing German gothic houses stands out in color, any contrasting combinations are possible - dark tiles and light walls or vice versa.

Although this style may seem outdated, it is still popular, including in cottage construction. Vacation home in the Gothic style - a personal fortress, from which emanates reliability and antiquity. It will look especially organic in the bosom of nature - in a mountainous area or at the edge of a forest.

A Bavarian-style house, whether it is a rustic half-timbered cottage or a sophisticated Gothic fortress, is an example of German quality and practicality. You can be sure that buildings built using proven German technologies will serve more than one generation of owners and will be able to surprise guests with their unusual design.

Useful video about a German-style house

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Half-timbered architecture can be recognized immediately. It is associated with the houses of Germany and Europe. Often the roofs in such structures are covered with a tiled roof. To date, this canonical type of residential buildings is used as a design refinement. On the other hand, it is a symbol of German quality. But in fact, buildings of the 15th-16th centuries have been preserved in Germany, which are currently in operation. Therefore, many argue that at home german technology have an extended service life.

History of German houses

In fact, the famous German houses, whose photos are fascinating, appeared for a reason. Structures of structures in which the main material is wood are typical both for wooded areas and for coastal ones. In the countries of the Baltic and North seas(Germany, Denmark, Great Britain, Holland, etc.) there were many skilled carpenters who built quality ships. These craftsmen knew how to properly build a reliable wooden structure, so they started building structures.

For the construction of the first houses, the pillars were dug directly into the ground, and connecting beams and rafters were laid on top of them, after which they proceeded to the construction of the roof. Of course, after 15 years, the pillars rotted relatively quickly. Over time, they began to be installed on the prototype of a stone foundation - huge boulders previously dug into the ground. The service life of the pillars, and hence the structures, has increased tenfold. But it was necessary to compensate for the binding to the ground with a multitude of transverse slopes, rods, puffs and ties.

For skilled carpenters, such a connection was not a problem. They were carried out according to naval methods and techniques. Today, all connections have been replaced by simpler ones, using steel fasteners (anchors, screws, brackets, threaded rods).

Design features

In fact, german house- this is a special frame made of elements of large and medium section, with filling of the sinuses of the external temperature circuit. The remaining elements of the structure (roof, foundation, partitions, walls) can be made in the same way as in other houses.

A reliable frame is no problem for skilled carpenters. But sinus filling is difficult task. After all, the quality of the walls depended on this, and consequently the fate of the entire structure. At that time, the sinuses were filled with adobe or adobe material. This material has been used on all continents. Today it is also becoming popular, it is used in green building.

Grooves were cut in the beams, into which a paired or wicker lattice of rods was inserted. They applied adobe on it. Sheet material for the exterior of the building was not invented at that time, and it was too expensive to use boards for this purpose. Therefore, the buildings were plastered, but first apply the solution to wooden beams failed.

Therefore, the walls remained with visible beams, which later became the hallmark of German houses.

A distinctive feature of a half-timbered house

Many old German houses have one distinctive feature. Looking closely, you can see that each new floor of the house hangs over the previous one. At first glance, this looks unusual. The explanation for this design is quite simple. In coastal areas, it often rains and rains, flowing down the walls, the water fell on lower floors. Their walls were very wet. The upper floors quickly dried due to wind and sun. The lower ones could rot due to moisture, and this is unacceptable. Therefore, the upper floors were carried forward.

This feature of construction has become inefficient with the invention in the construction industry of high-quality waterproofing materials. Modern facades, foundations, walls and wood are reliably protected from frost and moisture. Therefore, modern German houses have completely flat wall planes.

The changes also affected roofing material, due to the weight of which it was impossible to take out the visor even half a meter. Today, light sheets are used that can drain water from the wall by a meter, or even more.

Canadian technology or still German?

Old German houses can be safely called the basis of all frame construction technologies. After all, in modern construction frame technology almost everything is repeated. There are no cross slopes in the systems. Today, experts only use a different thickness of the material (modern beams have become a little thinner). Many consider it to be Canadian, but finished structures are often referred to as both Finnish and German. And this is true, because buildings were built using this technology even before the discovery of America.

Today it is difficult to see old European houses in frame houses, because they have a characteristic advantage - sheathing with high-quality sheet material and finishing the building from the outside. The design of the building was improved, and nature won, because the consumption of wood was significantly reduced.

Ancient house building method and modern materials

Thanks to sheathing with a continuous sheet OSB construction became even stronger, tougher and more reliable. Now you do not need to use powerful beams and racks at the initial stage. exterior finish and sheet material reliably protect the wooden frame from negative influences environment: solar burnout, weathering, freezing. Thanks to this protection, the life of the structure has increased significantly.

A solid German house has business card- visible beams of the structure. Today they are used only for decorative purposes. Of course, walls made of adobe and clay are a thing of the past, and the space is filled with high-quality and environmentally friendly insulation. Today, straw is also used as a filler.

Previously, sinus trimming was a problem, but today this process takes as much effort as interior decoration walls. Thanks to the use of modern facade putties, this process is easy and simple.

The frame of the structure remained a model of the reliability of the entire structure. Metal elements helped to speed up and simplify the process of installing a German house.

Conclusion

The German house is a high-quality reliable building. Its construction is practically no different from other houses. Remember, having decided to build such a house, you can fulfill your dream and live in

Architectural styles inherent Western countries, are now very popular with domestic developers. In elite Russian settlements, one can increasingly see houses stylized as french provence, English classics, luxurious baroque or trendy high-tech. But ordinary homeowners are especially sympathetic to the German style, characterized by a combination of restraint and comfort.

The inhabitants of Germany are known all over the world, first of all, for their practicality and frugality, and these features are reflected in the architecture of residential buildings. Such buildings at first sight give the impression of reliability and comfort, special home comfort without any frills.

The German style is characterized by the following features:

• the correct form of houses;
• small windows;
• lack of an attic;
• restrained colors;
• the predominance of natural materials;
• a small amount of facade decor of simple lines.

house architecture

A traditional German house is either rectangular or square and can be one, two or three stories high. Modern options allow the presence of extensions and some asymmetry of forms, but even in such projects much attention is paid to the correct proportions. For expansion usable space attic, bay windows are equipped in houses, there is often a basement.

The porch at the entrance is usually low, modest in size, with simple wooden railings. The terrace, if any, is quite small, but most often it is absent. Small, geometrically shaped balconies are available in almost every two- and three-story house. In buildings of the classical type, they are always open, but in more modern projects preference is given to closed-type balconies, including those with panoramic windows.

Small balconies - a feature of style

The roofs of German houses are most often gable, with wide overhangs, covered with tiles. Roofs of complex configuration or hips are rare, mainly in large mansions with numerous outbuildings.

Entrance doors have rectangular shape, top part may be glazed. The main entrance stands out only in a contrasting color - it is not customary to use another decor. The windows are also rectangular, small, with thin perpendicular lintels. Shutters are rarely used, and even then only as decoration.

Materials for construction and decoration

For the construction of German-style houses, red brick, natural stone, cinder block and ceramic block are widely used, and for frame structures - glued laminated timber, sandwich panels and DSP. A very common option is when the first floor is built of brick or stone, and the second of wood. Traditional finishes are plaster and paint. The walls are plastered smoothly, textured compositions are used in rare cases. The plinth is faced with natural stone or its imitation - this is the most popular way of finishing. For roofing, all types of tiles are used, less often corrugated board.

Color spectrum

German houses are characterized by very restrained colors, and bright accents in the design of the exterior are rare. For walls, they usually choose beige, sand, white, sometimes light green or terracotta. At the same time, wooden decor almost always has a rich dark brown color that contrasts favorably with the walls. Also, for contrast, shutters and front doors can be painted in bright red or Blue colour. The color of the roof, depending on the type of roofing material, varies from red-brown to dark gray.

This architectural style has several directions, the most significant of which are German Gothic and fachwerk. gothic refers to castle style, and more suitable for luxury mansions. But in Germany there are many small houses, stylized as Gothic and distinguished by an unusually colorful look. They have high pointed roofs with the same pointed canopies over the porch, narrow, vertically elongated windows, and columns at the entrance made of stone or brick. The plinth is also high, lined with roughly hewn stone. All this makes the house visually taller and gives a presentable, outstanding look.

Fachwerk is considered the most famous direction, and for many it is he who personifies the traditional German style. It is very easy to identify half-timbered houses by the wooden beams dividing the facade into small sections. correct form. The beams intersect at right angles and diagonally, creating a kind of decor that is characteristic only of this style. Such houses look solid and unusually colorful, even despite the simplest decoration.

Design features and materials of half-timbered houses

Fachwerk refers to frame construction and today it is the most advanced technology for the construction of wooden frame houses. The basis of the structure is a construction of strong wooden poles, horizontal beams and diagonal braces, and the space between them is filled with various building material with sufficient heat capacity.

Half-timbered houses - German style

Initially, for the construction of half-timbered houses, ordinary logs and wooden beams of various sections were used, and the sections formed by them were filled with straw mixed with lime and clay (like adobe buildings). Later they began to use stone and burnt bricks, sometimes boards. Now the frame is made of glued softwood lumber, and the sections are filled with modern materials– sandwich panels, DSP, aerated concrete, various heaters. At the same time, the frame elements always remain in sight, regardless of the method finishing facade.

Such houses have significant advantages:

• the wooden frame has a relatively low weight and does not exert a serious load on the base. This makes it possible to build buildings on shallow foundations, which significantly reduces construction time and material costs;
• in the frame structure it is easy to hide all communications;
• the length of the bars makes it possible to cover large spans, which means interior spaces can be very spacious;
• the technology of fastening and bandaging the beams reduces the risks of the building skew to almost zero;
• half-timbered houses look colorful and impressive, standing out against the background of standard buildings.

True, the half-timbered style also has disadvantages:

• project development and installation of structures requires professional knowledge and skills, and specialist services are very expensive;
• a classic half-timbered house is not suitable for the northern regions, since the walls in it are not thick enough and cannot provide reliable thermal insulation;
• an open wooden frame needs regular treatment with flame retardants, antifungal and hydrophobic compounds.

In addition to the construction of half-timbered houses, there are more practical option- Fachwerk exterior finish. Firstly, absolutely any house of a standard form can be styled as fachwerk. Secondly, it is not difficult to perform the simulation on your own, no special knowledge is needed for this. Thirdly, such a finish will be cheaper than, for example, cladding the facade with siding.

Fachwerk style facade decoration

To simulate frame beams, conventional wooden planks treated with protective glazing compounds.

The rougher the material, the better; false beams made of artificially aged wood look especially impressive. Boards must be at least 10 cm wide and at least 2 cm thick, always smooth, without cracks and rot, with a minimum number of knots. The moisture content of lumber should not exceed 20%.

Polyurethane boards are an excellent alternative to wood. This material does not need to be protected from precipitation, insects and microorganisms do not damage it. Polyurethane is much more durable than wood and less hassle during operation. Polyurethane boards can be bought at any building supermarket, and the choice of such products is quite wide.

Finishing can be done according to brickwork, plaster, insulation. If the walls need leveling, great solution there will be sheathing of the DSP house with the subsequent installation of false beams.

Preparatory stage

To properly prepare the walls, you must first remove all unnecessary and check the quality of the base. Therefore, the first step is to remove the facade decor (if any), platbands, gutters, lighting devices, and then thoroughly clean the walls from dirt. You can use a metal brush or grinder with an abrasive nozzle. After cleaning, cracks, chips, empty seams in the masonry and other defects are clearly visible on the walls.

Cracks and deep grooves should be repaired cement mortar, as for small irregularities, they will be hidden under a layer of thermal insulation. If areas affected by the fungus are found, they must be treated with an antifungal compound or any chlorine-containing agent after stripping. After the repair mortar has dried, the walls must be primed, and it is desirable to choose a primer with antiseptic properties and containing a quartz filler.

Warming and plastering

If the walls do not need to be leveled or insulated, you can immediately start finishing. We will consider the option with insulation. One of the popular ways is foam sheathing: the material perfectly retains heat, and the installation process does not require much effort. Styrofoam plates are attached to the glue and additionally fixed with dowels-fungi, for reliability.

Step 1. The lower boundary of the sheathing is determined and a horizontal line is drawn along the perimeter of the house. According to this markup, a starting bar is attached to the dowel-nails, on which the first row of insulation will rest.

Step 2 Stir the mounting glue and begin to fix the foam. The glue is applied in a continuous strip along the perimeter of the sheet and pointwise in the center, after which the foam is applied to the wall, leveled and pressed. Be sure to check its location with a level to prevent distortions.

Step 3 Each next sheet fasten close to the previous one so that there are no gaps. The installation of the second row is carried out with an offset of the vertical seams, for which the first sheet in the row is cut in half. In the same way, the remaining rows are mounted, periodically checking their horizontal level with a level.

Step 4 After the glue dries, the insulation is fixed with fungal dowels, drilling neat holes in the center and in the corners of each sheet. The dowel caps must be slightly recessed so that they do not protrude beyond the plane of the foam. Next, the irregularities at the joints are cleaned, the gaps are blown out with foam, if they are nevertheless formed, priming the entire surface.

Trimming excess foam

Step 5 Knead a fresh adhesive solution and apply with a notched trowel over the foam. A reinforcing mesh is laid on the solution, smoothed with a spatula, deepening several millimeters into the thickness of the mixture. The mesh sheets are overlapped with each other and carefully leveled so that the joints are not visible. After the surface has dried, grout sandpaper medium grit.

Step 6 Cooking plaster mortar and apply it to the walls in a thin and even layer. Special care is needed here, since any flaw will be clearly visible. When the plaster sets, it must be rubbed with a metal or polyurethane trowel.

Finally, the walls need to be painted. It will be difficult to do this after installing the decor, because you will have to paste over each board with masking tape so as not to stain it with paint. The color for the walls must be selected taking into account the color of the boards, because they must contrast with each other. The classic fachwerk implies light walls and a dark frame, this combination is more harmonious.

Fachwerk imitation

Step 1. First, you should draw a sketch of the facade on paper and consider the location of the decor elements.

In traditional half-timbered houses the lower part is surrounded by a solid beam, which is called a strapping. Bars must be installed at the corners of the facade, and to strengthen the structure, they are rigidly fastened with bracing (corner mans). If the wall is more than 6 m wide, another vertical beam with braces on both sides is installed in the center - the central man. Strapping beams are also attached to the upper part of the walls and between floors.

An important element of the half-timbered house is the "St. Andrew's Cross" - two diagonal planks fastened in the form of the letter "X". Most often it is located above and below window openings. Crossbars provide additional rigidity to the frame - short horizontal crossbars between the uprights.

Advice. Fachwerk imitation does not require exact observance of these conditions, because false beams are not subjected to any load. At the same time, well-placed elements create a more believable look and bring the finish closer to true German style.

Step 2 After working out the sketch, it is necessary to mark up directly on the wall. Vertical and horizontal lines are drawn strictly according to the level, because even small deviations will be noticeable from afar. After completing the markup, it is necessary to prepare the boards: first they are cut according to measurements in length, the ends are cut off at an angle at the braces, treated with protective compounds.

Step 3 Each element is carefully coated with impregnation on all sides and dried in air. Next, 1-2 layers of dark paint are applied: traditionally in half-timbered houses, the beams are painted in dark brown and black, which effectively contrast with light plaster. Instead of impregnation and paint, you can take a glazing antiseptic with a dark shade of color - it will not only provide reliable protection, but also preserve the natural texture of the wood.

Advice. Strict restrictions on color scheme there is no frame, and there are houses with red beams, dark blue, light brown. The most important thing is that the boards do not merge in color with the walls, because then the whole meaning of the finish disappears.

Step 4 They take the first board, apply it to the wall and mark the attachment points along the marking line. Putting the decor aside, they drill holes in the wall, remove dust, and fix the false beam in place with the help of dowel-nails. The rest of the elements are fixed in the same way, carefully aligning along the marked lines until the layout is completed. The caps of the fasteners must be recessed into the tree by 1-2 mm so that they do not protrude above the surface.

Option to use decorative boards with dowels

Step 5 To improve the aesthetic appearance, the recesses in the fasteners should be sealed with a waterproof sealant. For these purposes, an acrylic-silicone composition is perfect, which has excellent adhesion and resistance to deformation. Sealant can be matched by color or painted over after it dries.

So, quite economically, you can give your home a completely the new kind. Here you can experiment with color, wood texture, layout options. The main thing is to do everything as carefully and precisely as possible in proportion, otherwise it will all look more comical than attractive.

Video - German-style houses

Video - Finishing a country house in the German style

Video - German-style house

Video - Fachwerk facade decoration

We all know the popular prints, already rather fed up, but, it seems, “not killed” clichés about Russia - the balalaika, the matryoshka doll and the tame bear. But the standard idea of ​​Germany is also not complete without mentioning the Oktoberfest, sausages and, of course, such cozy, like gingerbread, German houses. This image of a homely idyll attracts many who are in love with Germany. But is it really so, and in what houses, like behind a stone wall, do German burghers live?

Fachwerkhaus ( frame house) - this is just the same, "postcard" view of Germany: fairytale house, which you want to admire without ceasing - and it would be even better to live! The house consists of wooden frame, the cavities of which are filled with a mixture of wood and clay or, in some cases, brick. Half-timbered houses are an integral part of the country's architecture; it is impossible to imagine Germany without them. As a rule, such houses are located in the old part of the city (Altstadt).


Reihenhaus (sectional house)- This is a separate house, which is part of a line of houses built in a row. Sectional houses prevail in the development of the central part of cities. Outside the historical center of the city are, as a rule, separately standing houses and houses for two apartments.


Doppelhaus it is usually a large semi-detached house. But you should not be afraid - you won’t have to share the premises with anyone except your family. In most cases, this type of housing is two houses with common wall, while each of which stands on its own land plot and has its own separate entrance. So there is no need to worry about how to get to the bathroom in the morning, ahead of the neighbors.

Einfamilienhaus (family house)- is a residential building that serves as a home for one family and contains one conditional apartment. As a rule, such single-family houses are owned by users and therefore they are also called private houses.

Sozialwohnung (council flat) This is a residential building built with the help of public public funds. These apartments are distinguished by a rather low rent, since they are intended mainly for low-income segments of the population (large families, people with disabilities).
In order to rent such an apartment, you must have a special permit. This permission, respectively, is received by persons whose income does not exceed a certain allowable limit. Municipal apartments are received on a first-come, first-served basis, but since there are more people who have the right to rent such apartments than the housing itself, they are distributed in order of urgent need. For example, it is more likely that municipal housing will be issued to a pensioner with a disability who lives on the 5th floor in a building without an elevator.
Wochenendhaus (summer house) is a house or hut located in a rural, natural area for spending holidays or weekends there. Some summer houses are in really beautiful places: by the lake or with mountain view. From small garden plot on the outskirts of the city (Schrebergarten, Kleingarten) summer houses differ, first of all, in size. They are usually provided modern plumbing, gas is installed and there is electricity.


Bungalow- represents cottage, which may have various options roofs The word itself comes from North Indian languages ​​and literally means "in the Bengali style." The history of the spread of such a residential building is connected with the fact that in the 18th century the British colonialists who lived in the Bengal region took local houses as a model for building housing and reproduced them. Typical bungalows have one floor and a spacious veranda. In Germany, the peak of popularity of the bungalow came in the 60s of the 20th century.


What house would you like to live in?