Quite often, the population is interested in how to find out if an apartment has been privatized or ...
Executed using modern techniques and materials, the device of a flat roof allowed this type of roof to become an integral part of the architecture of buildings for various purposes. And if, until recently, flat roofs were mainly industrial and agricultural buildings, now they are an attribute of many residential, administrative buildings and even country cottages. And the main thing is that time "works for them", reliably confirming that flat roofs in all their qualities are no worse than the good old pitched roofs.
flat roof for last years steadily gaining popularity. With a small volume construction works, for example, when building a barn, outbuildings, a garage, even a non-professional can easily cope with such a design. Of course the roof of this type although it is considered flat, it is not horizontal. Required condition long-term operation of such a structure - the presence of a minimum technological slope, which should be about 1.5-2.5% per 1 m of length, provided that the exploited space is built on the roof. In other situations, the technological bias should be about 3-10%. Sometimes structures with a slope of 10-20% are classified as flat, which is not true. Such coatings are already referred to as pitched, only consisting of one slope.
A flat roof is a minimum of details and simplicity of construction
Trouble-free service life flat roof is directly related to the professionalism of the builders involved in the construction of the structure. For a high-quality coating, it is necessary to competently approach the issue of choosing a roofing material, the properties of which must correspond to certain parameters.
It's important to know! Even small violations, deviations from the technology of a flat roof, not to mention obvious errors and shortcomings, or the use of low-quality building materials can cause a significant reduction in the life of not only the coating itself, but the entire building as a whole.
Flat roof device
Advantages of a flat design:
- flat roof - an example of simplicity and minimalism, fashionable now, according to architects;
- economy of materials used due to its smaller surface area;
- long service life;
- simplicity and security of implementation installation work;
- convenience of preventive inspections of the roof and repair work on it;
- flat roof - additional free space, for example, for a cafe or a green lawn;
- no problems with chimney maintenance, television antennas, ventilation channels;
- resistance to high wind loads.
The green lawn on the roof is so cute!
If the device of a flat roof is made competently and efficiently, there are no shortcomings in its operation. In the case of unprofessional installation, defects are possible, which will come to light on the very first rainy autumn or snowy winter.
Flat roof construction: we study the basic requirements
- High strength roofing is especially important during the snow season when it has to withstand the pressure of thick layers of snow and ice. This indicator is also important in cases where a flat roof is exploitable.
- The roof must be a reliable barrier to water during rain and snowmelt and have a slope.
- The design of a flat roof must not respond to the effects of bitter frost and scorching sun rays, on the effect of ambient temperature fluctuations and hail impacts the size of egg.
- The roof should perfectly perform a heat-insulating function.
- All materials used must be fireproof.
A flat roof always accumulates much more snow in winter than a pitched roof.
Classification of flat roofs and features of the roofing plan
All flat roofs, depending on the functions they perform, can be divided into two groups:
- An unused roof, which is an ordinary element of a building structure and performs the usual functions of a roof.
- Exploited roof, which is also used as an additional effective area. If this is the roof of the house, then a pool or lawn can be organized on it. And if this is the roof of some kind of underground structure, then a parking lot, a cafe, a park, etc. can be located at the top. One thing is clear that such a flat roof will experience completely different loads than an unused one.
Operated roof with a cozy terrace
Depending on the features of the installation and the materials used, two types of roofs are also distinguished. In accordance with this, a flat roof cake in each case will have its own characteristics:
traditional method
The traditional way, at which the most top layer is waterproofing. It is she who in this case is subjected to thermal, physical and mechanical loads.
The role of the bearing base can be performed reinforced concrete slab, special reinforced profiled steel sheet or roof sandwich panels. The required slope is usually achieved by means of concrete or expanded clay concrete screed. Sometimes expanded polystyrene concrete or slag is laid.
The next layer is a vapor barrier that prevents fumes from the room below from reaching the insulation. As a result, it always stays dry. For vapor barrier, a thick film of polyethylene or polypropylene is used. Its stripes should be perpendicular to the slope of the surface and overlap each other at the joints. Sometimes a bituminous membrane is chosen as a vapor barrier.
With the traditional arrangement of layers, waterproofing becomes the most vulnerable point
Then stacked thermal insulation material. Mineral basalt wool is usually used, which has good compression resistance, vapor permeability, fire safety and low thermal conductivity. Its first layer (70-200 mm) will act as a heater, and the second (40-50 mm) will act as a load distributor. In general, the thickness of this layer is calculated in accordance with the climatic conditions of the region.
To redistribute pressure, the heat insulator layer is sometimes covered with a cement-sand screed, which is additionally reinforced with a metal mesh to prevent cracking.
And, finally, the finishing layer is waterproofing, which has proven itself well with special liquid mastics that form a rubber-like layer, built-up roofing material and roofing membranes.
Why are the latter good? They have a huge service life, they are able to let steam out. Roofing membranes are easy to install and, subject to technology, form an excellent waterproof coating.
The inversion method, when the thermal insulation layer is located on top of the waterproofing material, which here also performs the function of a vapor barrier. it the best option for the installation of operated roof structures. The cake of a flat roof made in the inversion way will be different depending on what the roof is used for (pool, pedestrian zone, lawn, park, etc.). But in any case, over concrete base a monolithic screed is made to level its surface. The next layer is waterproofing material, which in the future turns out to be reliably protected from the influence of any factors external environment. Then all this is covered with a heat insulator, on top of which, if, for example, the roof will serve as a pedestrian zone, it is laid on the sand-cement mixture paving slabs.
The flat roof of an underground car park can be made using the inversion method
In the design of any building with a flat roof, one of the mandatory items should be the plan of the roof of the flat roof. This is necessary not only to improve the aesthetic qualities of the structure, but also to increase the functional abilities of the future roof structure. In addition to accurately calculating the number of all necessary materials the plan includes directly the technology of the work, the scheme of the drainage system, the features of the implementation of the ramping, ventilation and other points.
Horizontal ventilation in flat roofing
During the operation of the roof, damage to the vapor barrier layer is possible, which leads to moisture ingress into the insulation and its freezing in winter time. All this reduces the heat-insulating ability of the material. Therefore, it makes sense to design the roof in such a way that it is ventilated. The flat roof ventilation system is whole system aerators (metal or plastic tubes) located under the roofing membrane. The system has access to the roof in the form of umbrellas protected by nets. Best Places for aerators - the most elevated points of the roof.
A ventilated flat roof has a longer service life. Ventilation device
Roof drainage system
An important role in the drainage of water is played by the slope of the roof, which is recommended to be at least 2%. Even a slight slope can prevent moisture from penetrating through possible defects roofing.
For a flat roof, a drainage system is of great importance. Its components are receiving funnels and pipes through which water is directed to the sewer, storage tanks or simply to the soil.
Water disposal can be carried out in two ways:
The number of funnels, their diameter and location, the diameter of the pipes should be calculated in accordance with the architectural features of the building, the operating conditions of the roof and the amount of precipitation. The funnels are usually equipped with filters that prevent leaves, small birds, etc. from entering the system.
Metal or PVC funnels and pipes are used as materials for the drainage system. Components made of polyvinyl chloride do not corrode, therefore they are more popular.
Roof funnels can be equipped with electric heating, thanks to which frost does not form on them in winter
The installation of a flat roof, from its design to commissioning, must be carried out by specialists of appropriate qualifications. Knowing only the basics of creating a roof structure without taking into account specific features can lead to errors, the correction of which will require considerable material investments. Therefore, the installation of a flat roof is the prerogative of professionals.
When developing project documentation various building codes and regulations are used, which, in particular, determine that if a building is equipped with an internal drain, then in without fail should be drawn up plan his roofing, and regardless of how complex the shape of the structure.
For those buildings that are equipped with an external drain, roof plan it is developed with a complex configuration of the structure, as well as in the case when a superstructure, engineering ventilation devices, etc. are provided on the roof.
Experts in the field of architecture and construction all roofs are divided into two main types:
Flat are those that have a slope angle of not more than 2.5 °. Most often, the roof is a combination of the so-called slopes - several inclined planes intersecting with each other, forming dihedral angles. The line along which the slopes intersect is called an edge. The ridge is the upper horizontal edge of a pitched roof.
Pitched roof elements
Such an intersection of the roof slopes, which is a dihedral angle facing the bottom, forms the so-called valley or groove. Depending on the size, functional purpose buildings and a number of other factors, various pitched roof configurations are used. They largely depend on the overall configuration of the building, as well as on what direction the drainage is. When designers choose the shape and material of the roof, they must take into account the architectural features of the building.
Most houses are designed in such a way that all the slopes of their roofs have the same slope angle. Its value depends on factors such as climatic conditions and the material used for the arrangement of the roof.
When architects make geometric drawings of roof plans, they are guided by a number of rules and regulations.
hip roof
If the part of the roof above the eaves, called the drain line, is entirely located in the same plane and intersects with another, and the roof slopes have the same slope angles, then the angle that the drain lines form is divided by the projection of the intersection line strictly in half.
gable roof
In cases where the drain lines of two roof slopes are parallel to each other, then the projection of the intersection line is located at the same distance from these same slopes and lies parallel to the drain line. Such a situation in the professional language of roofers is called a "horse".
Hip roof of complex shape
In order to build building roof plan the construction plan itself is conditionally divided into a certain number of rectangles in such a way that they necessarily overlap each other. In addition, each of the sides of these rectangles either partially or completely extends beyond the outer contour of the plan. After that, based on how the positions were previously given, images of the roof are built over each of the rectangles. In this case, the construction begins with the widest of them.
Roofing design it is drawn with the obligatory leaving of visible contours along which the roof slopes intersect. Designers must be sure to know their slope in order to build different kinds(for example, front view). The shape of the facade must be taken into account when the drain lines are located at different levels.
Working drawings of roof plansAccording to the current building codes, standards and rules, on the working drawings roof plans the image of such elements as fire escapes, ventilation devices, chimneys, exit booths, dormer windows, etc. If the building has several spans, then in order to show the slopes of the roof slopes, schematic transverse profiles are drawn for all its main sections. In this case, the hatching is made in the form of a thick line.
Roof plan of an industrial building
For buildings of other types, slopes are marked on the schematic transverse profiles, as well as on the main slopes. If there are areas with different design and roofing material, they are highlighted graphically on the plans, with portable inscriptions or special textual explanations.
Mandatory elements of the roof plan are the coordination axes. In addition to them, metal fences, fire escapes, parapet units and slabs should also be indicated (in cases where they are not indicated on other drawings).
Design of prefabricated reinforced concrete and truss
PRACTICE #6
In accordance with the design assignment, the scheme and design of the coating are selected (see UM-7).
For pitched coatings develop rafter layout plan (Fig. 6.40) in the following sequence:
On the scheme-plan of the building being developed, rafter legs are applied with a step that allows the extreme rafters to fit close to the end walls. To decorate the overhang of the roof, "fillies" are nailed to the rafters. On parts of the fragment of the plan, it is possible to apply (optionally) elements of the crate with a step depending on the coating material;
Develop schemes of cuts (longitudinal - optional) and transverse (required) coverage. Put down characteristic height marks and apply the step of the crate, choosing for the appropriate coating:
Support nodes for rafter legs are being developed: ridge and cornice.
Then they develop plans for roofs.
pitched roof plan perform in the following sequence:
Apply coordination axes, their designations, distances between
them and between the extreme axes;
Apply thin dashed lines to the outer edge of the outer
walls, observing their binding to the axes;
Show the lines of roof cuts (slopes), observing the amount of overhang (overhang) of the eaves;
Show the lines of the slanted ribs (at an angle of 45 °) and valleys, the line of the roof ridge;
Depict dormer windows that serve to exit to the roof, to illuminate and ventilate the attic;
Depict, if required, a roof fence around the perimeter.
The fence is installed for the safety of repair work and cleaning the roof from snow. The height of the fence is not less than 0.6 m. The fences on the roof should be provided for:
In buildings with a roof slope of up to 12% inclusive, the height from ground level to the cornice (parapet) is more than 10 m;
In buildings with a roof slope of more than 12% with a height of more than 7 m;
For exploited flat roofs regardless of building height.
Fences are made of round or strip steel in the form of welded gratings, fixed on steel racks with braces. Steel racks
Rice. 6.40. Rafter layout plan, cuts, knots.
and struts are installed on top of the roof and nailed to the roof sheathing. Under the legs of racks and struts for reliable waterproofing put special gaskets made of sheet rubber;
An external organized drainage system is designed and gutters and downspouts are depicted on the roof plan.
The distance between the outer drainpipes should be no more than 24 m; the cross-sectional area of the drainpipe should be taken at the rate of 1.5 cm 2 per 1 m 2 of the roof area (SNB 5.08.01-2000. Roofs).
Example of calculating the number of downpipes . We set the diameter of the drainpipe D, for example D= 13 cm.
Finding the cross-sectional area of the pipe S pipes according to the formulas:
S pipes = πD²/ 4,
if the pipe is round, S pipes\u003d 133 cm 2.
It is possible to accept pipes and rectangular cross-section.
We calculate the area of the roof Skr.
We calculate how much roof area one downpipe will serve:
1.5 cm 2 pipes - 1m 2 roofs,
133 cm 2 pipes - Xm 2 roofs,
Number of drainpipes:
N pipes = Skr. / 88
This number of drainpipes is placed evenly around the perimeter of the roof in characteristic places; depict them on the plan, tie the axes to coordination axes.
The decision on what the gutters will be (wall or suspended) is made independently.
The pitched roof plan is shown in fig. 6.41.
Roofing design
Rice. 6.41. Pitched roof plan.
flat roof plan perform in the following sequence Fig. 6.42):
The coordination axes, their designations, the distances between them and between the extreme axes are applied;
They depict the parapet of the outer walls, the parapet of the wall at the place of the height difference of the building;
Roofing design
Rice. 6.42. Flat roof plan.
Depict ventilation pipes in projection connection with the floor plan;
Depict a shaft for access to the roof;
Depict, if necessary, fire escapes;
Design an internal organized drainage system.
On each section of the roof, limited by walls, there must be at least two water intake funnels. The number of funnels N is taken from the calculation that one funnel serves at least 800 m 2 of the roof:
If the area of the plot of non-exploited cutting is less than 700 m 2, and the area of the exploited roof with landscaping is less than 500 m 2, it is allowed to install one funnel with a diameter of at least 100 mm (SNB 5.08.01-2000);
The funnels are located on the roof surface in such a way that the storm sewer risers pass through the auxiliary premises of the building ( stairwells, bathrooms, vestibules, corridors, etc.). In the thickness of the walls, the installation of downpipes is not allowed. Funnels are depicted in circles, their axes are tied to the nearest coordination axes of the building;
Designate the slopes of the roof to the water intake funnels;
They show a schematic transverse profile of the roof (the main thick line).
Questions for self-control.
1. What construction is called "overlapping"?
2. How are floors classified?
3. What are the main requirements for floors?
4. What are overlaps by wooden beams, their design?
5. What is the design of the ceilings on metal beams?
6. What is different monolithic floors from teams?
7. How are teams classified? reinforced concrete floors?
8. What are floors on precast concrete beams, their design?
9. In what cases are applied prefabricated monolithic ceilings?
10. How are acoustically homogeneous and acoustically heterogeneous floors arranged?
11. What are the main types of acoustically heterogeneous floors, their design?
12. What is the dependence of the type of floor covering on the room group?
13. What are the main types of acoustically homogeneous floors, their design?
14. What design is called a "ladder"?
15. How are stairs classified?
16. Name the main structural elements wooden stairs?
17. How satisfied metal stairs?
18. What is the design of reinforced concrete stairs made of small-sized elements?
19. What are the main structural elements of precast concrete stairs?
Literature
1. SNB 3.02.04-03. Residential buildings. - Minsk: Ministry of Construction and Architecture of the Republic of Belarus, 2003. - 22 p.
2. Maklakova T.G., Nanasova S.M. Structures of civil buildings. –M.: DIA, 2004.-294 p.
3. Constructions of civil buildings / Ed. T.G. Maklakova. - M:
Stroyizdat, 1986.-135p.
4. Architecture of civil and industrial buildings. - Residential
building. Т.З Ed. K.K. Shevtsova. - M.: Stroyizdat, 1983.- 239 p.
5. Shereshevsky I.A. Structures of civil buildings. - L.:
Stroyizdat 1981.-176 p.
6. Adkham Giyasov. Construction of civil buildings. -
M.: ASV, 2005. - 431 p.
7. Serbinovich P.P. Civil and industrial architecture
buildings. Civil buildings of mass construction. - M .: Higher
school, 1975. - 319 p.
8. Milovidov N.N., Orlovsky B.Ya., Belkin A.N. Architecture
civil and industrial buildings. Civil buildings. – M.:
Higher School, 1987. - 352 p.
9. S.M. Nanasova. Architectural and constructive workshop. (Residential
building).: Tutorial. - M.: ASV, 2005. - 200 p.
10. Architecture of civil and industrial buildings. T.3. Residential
buildings / under the general editorship of K.K. Shevtsov. – M.: Stroyizdat, 1983. – 239 p.
11. Blagoveshchensky F.A., Bukina E.F. Architectural designs. -
M.: Higher school, 1985. - 230 p.
12. Constructions of civil buildings. Textbook for high schools. Ed.
M.S. Tupolev. – M.: Stroyizdat, 1973. – 236 p.
13. Barton N.E., Chernov I.E. Architectural structures (parts
buildings). 2nd edition, revised. and additional Textbook for technical schools.-
M.: Higher School, 1974.- 320 p.
14. Zakharkina G.I., Khominich Zh.A. Guidelines for
implementation term paper in the discipline "Architecture and
urban planning" for students of the specialty 70 02 01 "
Industrial and civil construction”. - Novopolotsk: PGU,
2004. - 28 p.
15. Hominich Zh.A., Davidovich T.L. Guidelines for
course work on the discipline "Architecture of buildings
and urban planning" for students of the specialty 2903 -
Novopolotsk: PGU, 2004. - 28 p.
16. Zakharkina G.I. Guidelines for the selection of concrete
reinforced concrete structures factory made for
implementation of course and diploma projects on the course
"Architecture and urban planning" for students of the specialty
T.19.01. - Novopolotsk: PGU, 1999 - 32 p.
17. Rzhetskaya L.M. Civil and industrial building. Course design. Training manual for secondary vocational schools. 2nd ed. revised. and additional - Minsk: DesignPRO, 2004. - 112 p.
18. Zhukov D.D. and Architectural designs of low-rise
civil buildings.- Mn.: Publishing house of BGPA, 1998 - 20 p.
19. Baranovskaya N.V., Fomicheva N.M., Zhuravskaya T.S., Zhukov D.D. and
other constructive elements, parts and units. .- Minsk: Izd.BGPA,
Many homeowners build roofs to the maximum on their own, embodying their wildest ideas. In fact, it is not so difficult: in order to build the roof of your housing construction correctly and efficiently, you need a previously developed roof plan. A well-designed plan will save time on roofing, simplify its construction and help reduce construction costs.
Basic information contained in the roof plan
The roof erected on a private house can be completely different - single-pitched, gable, multi-pitched, tent, hip. There is also a large number of a variety of building materials that provide reliable roofing - profiled sheet, slate, flexible tile, metal tile, galvanization and many others. The roof construction scheme contains an appropriate calculation of the required volumes of building materials for its arrangement, and also establishes a clear sequence or stage of work.
A roof plan is a drawing or drawing that schematically depicts the entire roof in several projections and layers. Drawings are drawn up in accordance with the order of work, and each of these drawings refers to a different stage of construction. Most often, they reflect on paper: the scheme for installing structural elements (beams, rafters, lathing beams) or its bases, the scheme for laying hydro- and heat-insulating layers, the scheme for placing the roof covering. The plan also schematically reflects the attachment points for all additional and additional elements, drain pipes, ventilation and chimney. Separate schematic drawings contain detailed images of joints, installation of dormer windows and valleys. Separate schemes allow you to accurately determine the correct placement of elements during the construction of the roof roofing cake and other details.
Important: a properly drawn up roof plan, which provides complete information about the size and quantity of the roof covering, can significantly reduce the cost of its purchase.
Before drawing up a roof plan, you must first select building materials for its hydro, heat and vapor barrier, as well as select the type of roof covering. It should also be determined exact dimensions future design with the introduction of their exact values in the plan for its construction. When the roof structure is already known, a plan is drawn up - you can purchase the required amount of building materials and start building this element of the house.
To determine the final appearance of the future roof, you need to find out existing species roofs. There are 6 main types of roofs: one-, two- and multi-pitched; hip; forceps and half hips.
The simplest types of roofs are without kinks or flat. However, most often, multi-pitched or hip roofs are erected on houses. For roofs of this type, it is important correct calculations building materials and calculation of the load on the load-bearing parts of the structure, so that the protection of the house from above turns out to be reliable and of high quality.
The surfaces of pitched roofs are often triangular and trapezoidal in shape. pitched planes hip roofs have a completely different non-repeating shape, which allows you to create a roof and a house with a unique appearance.
Features of the preparation of drawings in the roof plan
Pitched roofs are called, which include several planes, located at an inclination of more than 10%.
Structurally pitched roofs are divided into 2 types - non-attic and attic.
The double pitched roof is the most common type of pitched roof and is used on buildings and houses of all kinds.
Roofs with 4 pitched surfaces are most often used for summer cottages, cottages and country houses.
The completed drawing of the roof structure must contain full information about the physical parameters (width, length, cross section) and the actual location on the roof of absolutely all elements.
It is also desirable during the design of the roof to determine how to fasten its parts and assemblies, and enter this information into the roof plan.
In the graphic section of the plan, the lengths of the walls of the building, the distance between the rafter and the ridge, the selected or calculated slope angle of the pitched surfaces, and the physical dimensions of the rafters are indicated.
When choosing a roofing building material to cover pitched roof planes, the following recommendations should be taken into account:
- for a profiled sheet - the slope of the pitched surface is made at least 8 °;
- for metal tiles - slope - 30 °;
- for flexible coatings, such as roofing material - 5 °;
- for wave slates - 20 - 30 °.
Roof plan - execution order
The building or house on the plan is divided into rectangles, from the inside of which lines are drawn, indicating the junction of the pitched planes outside and inside, and also draw the location of the valleys and skates.
Some of these elements will be located outside the outer walls, since any roof must necessarily have an overhang.
Projections from the front and side of the roof are made taking into account the slope of the pitched surfaces.
They are set when the whole house building is being designed, taking into account the purpose and type of construction, as well as the type of roofing used.
The graphic part of the project is prepared using one of the many special design programs that can be found on construction sites on the Internet.
The plan must necessarily have coordinate axes, this will simplify the orientation of the building in space. For this:
- The building plan is outlined with a line.
- The contours of the main walls and other lines of the house project will be copied onto the roof plan.
- Starting with the largest, an image of the roof is drawn over each of the rectangles of the building.
- Then draw ridge projections with lines.
- Draw the designation of the valleys.
Be sure to indicate on the plan the location of the channels for ventilation and chimneys, and also, if any, put the installation sites of the roof windows.
Mark the slopes of the pitched planes, the directions of all drains for water.
Along all axes and along all contours of the plan, indicating all actual dimensions.
Independent items in the roof plan include drawings of individual connecting nodes of various details of the roof structure:
- connections of the ridge knot, attachment points of the rafters with each other and with other elements;
- attaching struts, puffs and racks and other similar parts of the system;
- fixing the rafters on the Mauerlat.
In the graphic section of the project, there is always a sketch of the roof, which gives a general idea of the roof structure. It is desired to evaluate aesthetics and appearance.
The planned cutting of any details requires reflection in an additional drawing to indicate the shape of the cut and its actual dimensions.
If you prepare the roof plan with your own hands, you need to adhere to certain rules for the following drawings:
- The intersection of pitched planes always forms a ridge or valley, while their projection must necessarily divide the corner of the rectangle into 2 equal parts.
- Through two lines intersecting and converging in one place, the 3rd line will most often pass.
- Running parallel to the lines of the overhangs, there also corresponds a parallel ridge line, and in this case its projection will pass exactly in the middle of the structure.
- Flat roof drawings consist of only a few lines, while a pitched roof has a large number of ridge and valley projections.
- Roofs of this type often have enough complex shape, with reinforced roof structure and a significant slope.
Important: in order to correctly draw the roof plan itself and its drawing part, you should have good engineering training and special knowledge in the basics of construction in order to take into account all the details and make the correct calculations.
1.
2.
3.
4.
At the final stage of the construction of the building, the moment comes when it is necessary to proceed with the construction of the roof, which provides comfortable accommodation in the house, as well as its reliability and durability. That is why, when there is a roof plan - drawing it helps to do the job efficiently.
Roof design
Correct installation roofing and the frame for it, special attention must be paid, since by its value the roof is one of the main elements of the building. Before execution roofing works drawings and diagrams of the roof device are drawn up at the facility, taking into account all the possible loads exerted on the truss system, the only way to do it at the proper level. Otherwise, without technical documentation the design is unlikely to last for a long time.
Roof types
Design stages
They begin to draw up drawings of the roofs of houses by determining the cross section of the rafter legs and the step of their installation.
When determining the thickness of the material for the manufacture of rafters, take into account:
- roof slope angle;
- type of roofing;
- features of the climate of the region in which construction is underway.
In the next step, determine best option truss system, or rather, which rafters will be used - inclined or hanging. The fact is that the hanging truss system relies on two opposite bearing walls, and the inclined rafters are additionally reinforced with a middle wall or columns.
The layout of the roof of the house provides for a preliminary calculation of the crate on which the roofing material is laid. Using roll coatings the crate is made solid, and a sparse version is constructed for the installation of a sheet roof. When calculating the crate, they certainly take into account the angle of inclination of the roof slopes and the type of roofing material. When drawing up drawings, the installation locations of auxiliary stops, as well as fasteners and their number, are determined.
The project contains diagrams of the truss system, compiled on the basis of the calculations performed.
Depending on the roof structure, the technical documentation contains the following data:
The drawings should not only have a schematic representation of the type of roof, which can be shed, hip, tent, flat or other type. When performing drawing work, all the nuances of the structure are taken into account, as well as the results of calculations of the elements of which it consists. In addition, the number of building materials needed to perform roofing work at a particular facility is calculated.
Often a situation arises when the developer likes the roof project, but its construction is too expensive from a financial point of view. Property owners start
Save on quality and, accordingly, on the cost of building materials. But in this case, the reliability of the roof will suffer. You should not make changes to the drawings on your own, since only professionals - designers and architects who have great experience design of buildings and roofs in particular.
What kind of roof will be built over the head, and how well it will protect the house, depends on the choice of its owner. Special attention should be given to all stages of construction, without exception, starting with the preparation of the project and ending with installation roofing materials and drainage system.
