Photos of small houses and their construction with their own hands. How to build a small country house with your own hands (47 photos): construction methods

Having no financial opportunities to attract professional builders, you can, armed with special literature and patience, build a house on your own. In practice, this requires effort, but allows you to save up to half the cost of construction.

Many independent builders offer others to get acquainted with their projects and provide detailed reports, accompanying the process of building a house with detailed photographs.

Features of the layout of the house

Through the efforts of two men, a cheap house for permanent residence was built with an attached garage. Initially, the garage was not provided for in the project and was added after the completion of the house.

In general, the project, as the discussion progressed, changed on the advice of other builders and the requests of the wife. Initially, the layout of the house included 6 rooms on two floors.

During construction, it was decided to equip two bathrooms, while on the ground floor the toilet and bath should be separate. The area of ​​the living room and the location of the stairs have also changed. Relative to the initial project, the living room was too narrow and elongated. The stairs were also planned to be uncomfortable and steep. After the changes, these shortcomings are eliminated.

The cost of building a house with your own hands

In May 2010, the father of a small family planned to cheaply build a house with his own hands in the amount of 300 thousand rubles. This amount included the cost not only for materials, but also for connecting gas and electricity. The following expenses were incurred according to the budget:

1. Concrete - 20 700.
2. Edged and unedged timber - 70,000.
3. Styrofoam - 31 200.
4. Plywood - 8023.
5. Metal profile - 16 200.
6. Siding - 22 052.
7. Used windows - 4000.
8. Nails, screws, etc. — 15,000.
9. Delivery of material and excavator services - 5200.
10. Septic tank - 10000.
11. Plumbing, radiators - 35 660.
12. GKL and finishing costs - 21280.
13. Design and installation of a gas pipeline, connection fee - 37,000.
14. Gas equipment (stove, boiler) - 29,000.
15. Electricity connection with materials - 3000.
16. Water connection - 2000.

According to the builder himself, a certain number of items on the little things are missing in the estimate. However, this also requires additional costs. It should also be noted that some of the windows were received from friends and did not require financial costs. In total, 327,315 rubles were spent on building a house without trifles. This amount does not include the attached garage. He was attached later on a separate estimate. In addition, the construction of the garage required an amount of about 34,000 rubles. Including unspecified costs the house cost no more than 400 thousand rubles.

Installation of a shallow strip foundation

A pre-planned foundation is 35 cm wide and 25 cm above the ground and 20 cm below the ground. A cutting section of 2.5x100 mm was chosen as a reinforcing element. The reinforcement of the tape was planned in 2 layers, top and bottom, with three connected die-cut sheets in each.

On the advice of experienced builders, vertical elements were added, and the number of sheets to be connected was increased to 5 pieces. Additionally, the height of the foundation above the ground increased and amounted to 45 cm.

notch reinforcement - you can’t do that!

After pouring the foundation into concrete, 20 anchor bolts were installed for mounting the lower trim.

Construction of the first floor

Before the installation of the walls of the first floor, a platform was installed and insulated and pipes for sewerage were laid. The bottom of the platform is left open, the insulation is fixed due to the fixed trimmings of the boards. As a platform insulation, 3 layers of foam plastic, 15 cm thick, were used. The draft floor is made of a board 150x50 mm.

The walls were mounted in a horizontal position. Styrofoam was laid between the posts and protection with 8 mm plywood, windows were also installed. The windows in the project were used second-hand. The installation of the assembled wall in a vertical position was carried out by two men. In the construction of the walls, it was decided to abandon the installation of jibs. The builder assumed that the rigidity of the frame would be sufficient due to the plywood sheathing.

After assembling the walls of the first floor, installation was carried out internal partitions. Styrofoam was also used as a heater.

The principle of assembling the second floor

After the installation of the piping, a temporary floor was partially laid from unedged boards and the horizontal assembly of the walls and their vertical installation were carried out. Second floor windows were also used.

To increase sound insulation in the interfloor ceiling, non-woven cloth was laid on the floor logs under the boards. This allows you to partially dampen the vibration from steps.

Installation of rafters and roofs

At the end of the assembly of the walls of the attic floor, a truss system was installed. The overhangs of the rafters were not lengthened. An inch board was used as a crate. The roof was covered with a profiled sheet 4 m long.

Exterior finish of the building

For exterior finish building used siding. It was mounted with a ventilation gap of 25 mm. Also at the stage of exterior decoration, an extension of the vestibule was completed. The foundation for the vestibule was not mounted, the structure was installed on pieces of concrete laid on the ground and sidewalk curbs.

Features of the stairs and its installation

The location of the stairs in the project caused a lot of controversy. Initially, its location suggested excessive emphasis on the attic ceiling. After changing the location and design of the stairs, it was made without a platform with a slight turn.

The staircase is made of boards 50x150 mm, the width of the step is 30 cm. Under the upper span, a place was left for equipping a toilet there. According to personal feelings, the staircase turned out to be comfortable and compact.

Interior decoration of the house

Before the start of finishing the premises, insulation was performed interfloor overlap and flooring on the second floor. Felt is nailed between the joists and floor boards to increase the level of sound insulation. After that, it was done rough finish the interior of both floors of a cheap house.

The rough finish included three items:

1. Installation of fiberboard as a windscreen.
2. GVL installation.
3. Putty joints and chips GVL.

In the fine finish, staining with a water-based emulsion was mainly used. Living room, kitchen and bedrooms are painted in different colors. The floor in the rooms is covered with linoleum, the ceilings are finished with expanded polystyrene tiles.

Everyone has the opportunity to build a dream home, and if you do everything yourself, you will be able to create a special, unique atmosphere, avoiding standard and hackneyed approaches. And even though it might just be small house hic in the summer cottage, but it will be filled with happiness and warmth.

1. Hut on chicken legs in Strathmore

it fairytale house was created by a group of architects from Broadhurst Architects for clients who had land in Maryland. On almost 25 square meters of this charming house there is a kitchen, a living room with a gas fireplace, a bedroom, a bathroom and a pretty veranda. It is made from previously used materials and equipped with a rainwater harvesting system, solar panels, modern system security from bears, rodents and other uninvited guests.

This cute A-shaped house takes only a day to assemble and costs $1,200. It was designed by Derek Didriksen of Relax Shacks and built by Joe Everson of Tennessee Tiny Homes. The roof and walls are made of polycarbonate material, which is lightweight and easy to handle. If you want to add space, from 6 to 9 square meters, you just need to raise the wall. The house has two beds that can also be used as shelves, a small kitchen with a sink and a mini-fridge.

Amazing small cottage, owned by designer McLoyd of Creative Cottages, has a kitchen, living room, bathroom, two bedrooms, gas fireplace, laundry area and terrace. According to Mack, his dwelling demonstrates the ergonomics of space, so that the whole family can live in it. Assembly of the house will take only a week.

Foy and Louise, a Maine couple, spent about 10 years building the house to rent out. When the project was ready, we decided to live in it ourselves. The house with an area of ​​just over 20 square meters stands on a plastic pallet and a pontoon. It was first collected on land, and then launched into the water. Unfortunately, it can suddenly flood. Louise carries water for hours in a 55-litre water tank to keep the shower and kitchen running, and there's also a rainwater harvesting system to water the plants. The house has a bedroom, living room and equipped kitchen. In the evening and at night, it is lit by candles and gas lamps and thanks to the energy of solar panels.

This is probably the largest of the houses presented in the review, since its area is almost 40 square meters. This little house is easily moved on a trailer. The spacious bedroom has a large bed and multifunctional shelves, which are located in different places. In the kitchen area there is also a dining area, and outside there is a 9 square meter veranda where you can barbecue or enjoy the sun and fresh air.

Extreme skiing couple Molly Baker and Zach Giffin are constantly traveling from place to place, so they decided to buy a mobile home to be at home everywhere. AT two-story house on the first floor there is a living and dining room with a kitchen with a small stove. The guest bedroom and storage area can be accessed via unusual staircase. The cost of the house is $25,000.

Nestled in a majestic forest, this modern cabin was built to replace a 1960s building that had stood there for decades. Inside, the house has a modern elegant design, but it seems to be sandwiched between two large stones - one serves as a support, and the other - the basis for the terrace. The house is spacious, as its area is more than 30 square meters, and the windows are quite large.

8. Secluded cottage

House of 35 m2 built from natural materials and features energy-saving technology, vaulted ceilings and large full-wall windows. In addition, there is a glazed terrace that can be used as a dining room or an additional bedroom. The house has a fireplace and a kitchen.

9. Carrie and Shane's little house

A married couple recently completed a three-month construction and furnishing of a pretty 18 square meter house. The basis for the mobile home was the trailer. The house itself is equipped with a water heater, dry closet, solar battery and large windows provide better lighting.

10. Small House by Richardson Architects

Small house has a bright exterior and interior. The area is 25 square meters, and it is equipped with a terrace in rustic style. It is interesting that on the terrace there is a board on which menus are indicated every day, and comfortable wooden chairs made from previously used materials. Inside - two bathrooms and double bedrooms, a kitchenette and a dining room. Stainless steel materials and painted plywood sheets were also used in the construction. The house is located in a picturesque corner of the California coast.

11. Tom's tree house

Tree houses never cease to amaze. Many would like to stay at Camp Wandawega, located in Elkhorn, Wisconsin, to spend the night in such a lodge. The three-storey building is located on an elm. On the spacious terrace you can relax in a hammock or have lunch in the afternoon. On the second floor there is a library, a bedroom.

12. House on Orcas Island

The house is hidden in a thicket of elms and cedars on Oscar Island, Washington. This is an ideal place for those who want to retire and get closer to nature. On a total area of ​​just over 35 square meters there is a living room, a bathroom, and on the second floor - a bedroom. Since the outside temperature can drop significantly in winter, the house is equipped with energy-saving windows and insulating materials.

13. Box of matches

Gingerbread Cottage.

The houses in the American town of Oak Bluffs are prime examples of how small a home can be cozy and beautiful. Many of them are decorated with Victorian ornaments and painted different colors, and are also equipped with fancy terraces and attics where the bedrooms are located. Renting such a house per week will cost $ 1,800.

This shabby but chic cottage is built with 95% recycled materials from 25 other houses that are 200 years old or more. This 7-square-foot home from Texas Tiny Houses features arched windows and stained-glass windows. The stairs leading to the second floor lead to the sleeping area. The rustic-style cabin features a kitchen, living room and dining area.

But these examples are far from all that people are capable of doing in order to have separate housing, because everyone has their own little childhood dream, the realization of which our review offers:.

Designing houses for construction on small plots requires architects to be able to solve complex geometric problems. On the small area you need to place at least 3-4 living rooms and several utility rooms, which will provide an opportunity comfortable living small family. In addition, when working on a plan for placing a house on a site, you also need to think about the minimum adjacent territory.

In this review, we will consider 4 interesting, in our opinion, projects that are worthy of realizing your sword of your own home in a small plot of land.

Small cozy house for a small plot of 20x120 m, suitable for a family of 2-3 people. On the 1st floor there is a daily space (living room, kitchen, bathroom, shower and heating boiler). From the living room there is access to the garden. The terrace room is closed with a decorative lattice (you can plant climbing plants). The real decoration of the living room is a wooden staircase (under wooden stairs you can arrange a locker for souvenirs). The attic has a bath and two bedrooms. From the bedroom there is access to the balcony, which is adjacent to the side facade of the house.

Characteristics of the project and the house

• Minimum plot dimensions: 20 x 20 m
• Total / living area: 93.6 / 85.7 sq. m
• Height of the house in the ridge: 7.8 m
• Number of living rooms - 3

Project of a small house for a plot of 16x18 m

Neat house for small plots 16 x 18 m. This house accommodates many rooms. On the 1st floor there is an entrance hall, stairs to the attic, big kitchen, living room with access to the terrace, closet, bathroom, heating boiler, additional room. The attic has a bathroom and 2 bedrooms.

Project characteristics

• Minimum plot dimensions - 16 × 18 m
• Total / living area - 87.5 / 85 sq. m
• Height of the house in the ridge: 7.2 m
• Number of rooms - 4

This project is suitable for building a house on a small and narrow plot. The entrance is hidden under a canopy, followed by an entrance hall, stairs to the attic. Perfect place for pantry and closet. The kitchen has a partial connection with the living room, and a place for a dining table is located very close. The room with the fireplace is separated from the garden by a glazed wall along with a canopy that covers the terrace. In the attic there are: a bathroom, three bedrooms, Walk-in closet. The facades are distinguished by a “delicate” arrangement.

Project characteristics

• The minimum size of the plot - 18.2 x 12.4 m
• Total / living area of ​​the house - 91 / 84.2 sq. m
• Building area - 62.8 m²
• Number of rooms - 3

The project is inexpensive in building a house for a small plot of land measuring 17.70 m x 16.40 m. The kitchen and living room are combined, there is a fireplace with the possibility of heat distribution. There is an additional room on the 1st floor. There are three bedrooms in the attic.

Project characteristics

• Minimum plot dimensions - 17.70 m x 16.40 m
• Living area of ​​the house - 92.13 m2
• Building area of ​​the house - 75.2 m2
• Attic area - 40.70 (59.59) m2
• House height - 7.55 m
• Number of floors - 2
• House wall material - aerated concrete, brick, ceramic blocks
• House roof material - tiles

We showed you 4 projects of functional houses that can be built on small plots, even summer cottages or gardens. We are sure that the considered layouts will give you new ideas for construction.

After acquisition suburban area for giving necessarily becomes topical issue about how to build a country house with your own hands. Well, to build it yourself is quite possible, unless, of course, a huge “palace” is conceived, requiring the involvement of construction equipment and a team of professionals.

Usually compact buildings are chosen for summer cottages, but, nevertheless, the house must have everything necessary for rest - rooms, kitchen, veranda. The latter will become a favorite place for an evening pastime all family. It is very important to make the country house cozy and comfortable, so you need to think through all the nuances of its arrangement.

The optimal material for summer cottage construction is wood, and the principle of construction is a frame structure.

Of course, the first thing that will need to be done is to decide on the place and size of the building, draw up a project, and plan further work.

Proe kt of a small country house

The size of the future house largely depends on the area suburban area, the number of family members and the material resources of the owners. If you plan well, make successful project and choose an inexpensive, but high-quality material for construction, you can save space, money and time.

In any case, the first steps are drafting

Most often, a country house has a size of 5.0 × 6.0 or 4.0 × 6.0 m. Buildings of a larger area are erected much less frequently, and, mainly, in those cases when they are planned to be operated year-round. But this is more likely to be not a country house, but a full-fledged country house.

The layout of the location of the house may have to be carried out on the basis of requirements that may be established by the board of the gardening partnership, therefore, when purchasing, you need to find out about such nuances in advance. Most often, the following distances are required:

• The house should be installed at a distance of 3 meters from the border of the neighboring site, and from the fence separating the site from the general passage (street) - at 5 meters.
• In order to ensure fire safety, a stone house is placed at a distance of at least six meters from another stone structure, and ten meters from a wooden one. If the house is wooden, then it should be installed at a distance of no closer than 15 meters from another wooden structure.
• So that the house does not cover neighboring buildings from sunlight, if it is placed on the eastern, southern or western side of the site, it is located at a distance from another residential building, at least equal to its height.

Usually, the highest is chosen for the installation of a country house. place in the area where water will not collect when snow melts or from heavy rains. high humidity under the house will never benefit any building material, but it will always negatively affect the overall strength and durability of the structure.

Most often, the following technologies for its construction are chosen for the construction of country houses: frame-panel construction, log cabins, walls made of blocks or bricks.

For summer cottages, projects are mainly selected one-story houses with closed or open verandas or terraces. Often the building has attic space, used to store garden tools and other things that seem unnecessary in everyday life, but which can always come in handy in the country. However, it also happens that in some projects there are no attic floor beams at all, and then the roof slopes also play the role of a ceiling.

If the family is large, and the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe plot is not as large as we would like, then you can plan a two-story house that takes up very little space at the base. In this case, the first floor can be given over to the living room, terrace and kitchen, and on the second floor - to arrange cozy sleeping places for the whole family.

Not necessarily in a country house, to build a full-fledged second floor, since an attic superstructure can perfectly fulfill its role. Having finished it with natural materials, you can create a wonderful healthy country atmosphere there.

Country houses are mainly used in the warm season, starting with the arrival of spring and ending in autumn. Therefore, they do not require enhanced insulation of walls and roofs, but devices for space heating should still be provided - in case of cold nights or a drop in temperature during unstable weather. Usually, electrical appliances are used as heaters, for example, convectors or infrared film emitters, but sometimes owners even prefer to install fireplaces or cast-iron heating and cooking stoves.

By the way, if you are planning to build a real fireplace or brick oven, then they must be included in the draft project.

There are also ready-made options for country houses, which are sold as a set in disassembled form, which you just need to deliver to the site and assemble. Any such set of parts must be accompanied by detailed instructions that set out the procedure for carrying out work, the main technological methods and the connection diagrams of individual elements and assemblies.

For land owner, who has basic skills construction works, it will not be difficult to assemble such a country house on your own. The main advantage of this option can be called the fact that often the kit already includes everything you need for the building's electrical network, for its ventilation system, and even for installing a water supply system.

Video: a small, neat country house that lives up to its name

What type of house to choose?

Having decided on rough plan future house, you need to choose the material for its construction. Not only the type of the building itself will depend on this choice, but also the comfort of staying in it, as well as the costs of its construction.

• traditional material for country house is wood, which will create a favorable microclimate in it, filling it with the smells of the forest. A wooden house can be built in a frame way, from timber or logs. The disadvantage of wooden buildings is the high fire hazard of the material.

However, wooden houses built always, and many of them stood for centuries. Today, special fire-retardant impregnations are on sale, which significantly reduce the risk of fire in wooden buildings. And in general - the most important thing here is not the material, but the human factor - it is the neglect of the elementary requirements of fire safety by people in the vast majority of cases that causes a fire.

• The construction of a brick structure will cost much more, but it can with great reason be called a full-fledged house, which can be used not only in summer period, but also, if necessary, in winter, if you install a stove in it. Brick buildings are much less prone to fire and, with high-quality masonry, will last a very long time. Their disadvantages include a more complex and lengthy construction process, requiring special skills, and a high price for materials.

• Very often when building a country house are used different materials. For example, a house is built of wood, but on a foundation of concrete, brick or blocks.

This option can be called optimal, since the foundation of moisture-resistant materials will create optimal conditions for the construction of wood walls, thus becoming a reliable foundation for the house.

It is this last option that is worth considering, since it is the most popular of all types of country houses.

Stages of building a country house

Materials for building a country house

If there is no desire to mess with the calculations, then it is better to purchase a team finished model a house that has a certain area, for which it will only be necessary to prepare a place.

In all other cases, you will need to purchase Construction Materials. Their type, size, volume, total number - all depending on the size of the planned building, which is determined by the project.

foundation material

For any type of foundation you will need the following materials:

- sand, gravel, cement;

- third-rate board and timber for formwork;

- brick or concrete blocks;

— waterproofing material(roofing material);

- expanded clay of the middle fraction.

Wall and roof material

Since wood was chosen for the construction of walls, then, based on this, other materials will be selected:

- bars and boards different sizes, depending on the design parameters;

- fasteners - nails, screws, bolts, studs;

- corners different configuration, metal plates - for fastening knots;

— vapor barrier film ;

- insulation - mineral wool, ecowool or expanded clay;

- to cover the roof, it is better to choose a light material - ondulin or corrugated board.

After the installation site of the future house is determined, the materials are purchased, you can proceed to the arrangement of the foundation. True, to begin with, you still have to decide on its type.

The foundation of a country house

Even when building such a small and light building as a wooden country house, you can’t do without a foundation. In the case under consideration, one of two types is ideally suited for this purpose - it is columnar and strip foundation. Which one to choose depends on the preferences of the builder.

• The columnar foundation will be a less expensive option, as it will allow you to seriously save on building materials. In addition, such a foundation can be completed independently, without outside help which will also save you some money.

How to build correctly, you can find out with all the details by following this link to the corresponding page of our portal.

• To create a strip foundation, you will need not only large quantity materials, but also for a sufficiently long period. This is not surprising - a trench will need to be dug around the entire perimeter of the future house, waterproof it, install the reinforcing structure, build the formwork and fill the pit with concrete. And after that, whether you like it or not, it will also take a month until the filled tape completely solidifies and it gains brand strength.

However, the strip foundation is still very popular among individual developers. This option is convenient in that it allows you to make basement, however, for this, the foundation walls will have to be raised above the soil surface by 700 ÷ 800 mm. described in detail in the article, which can be found on our portal by clicking on the link provided.

If a columnar foundation is chosen, then it is recommended to remove upper layer soil by 150 ÷ ​​200 mm. Then fill in the resulting pit with a layer of sand of 30 ÷ 40 mm, which should be compacted. A layer is laid on top of the sand cushion medium fraction crushed stone and is also compacted, and the remaining space must be covered with expanded clay of the middle fraction. All these procedures are done so that small rodents cannot get close to the house. They do not tolerate expanded clay (especially small ones), as it contains a large number of dust and has a loose surface.

Expanded clay of fine fraction - an excellent remedy for rodents

To protect the house from the penetration of large rodents or other uninvited guests from the animal world, it is advisable to close the space under the house with a metal mesh with cells no larger than 10 mm.

Construction of a frame structure

For a country house, the best choice is a frame structure

The frame house can be placed both on a columnar and on a strip foundation. Construction always starts from the foundation, which must be securely waterproofed two or three layers of laid roofing material.

• If the project provides for a veranda, you must immediately separate its zone, over which a roof will be erected, but there will be no solid walls. To support the roof over the veranda, you can use the racks of the general frame of the walls. Another option - veranda will be attached to the house separately.
• All without exception wooden blanks must be treated with antiseptic compounds and flame retardants. These impregnations will increase the resistance of wood to fire, to decay, will prevent the appearance of nests of insects or colonies of representatives of microflora - mold or fungus.

• After the blanks have been properly prepared and completely dry, during construction, the lower frame (crown) is first made, which will be laid on the foundation and will subsequently be used to mount the floor.

For the floor to be reliable, it is necessary to take for the frame quality bars desired section. If funds allow, it is better to choose wooden elements not along the “lower limit” of dimensions, but by laying a certain margin in their cross section.

The table shows optimal dimensions timber for frame house:

• The support beams of the frame are mounted on coronal bars located along the perimeter of the foundation, at a distance of 600 ÷ 700 mm from each other. They are fixed with the help of corners or by tie-in. If the elements are large in cross section, they can additionally be fastened with metal brackets.

• When the lower trim with support beams is ready, wall frames are made. They can be assembled separately, and then, in finished form, are lifted and fixed to the frame strapping bars.

Another option is to lift the frame directly in place. For example, if a house is being built on its own, without assistants, then it will be very difficult to lift the finished frame from the shade alone to the height of the strapping, set it evenly and temporarily, until it is finally fixed, fix it. And this means that each of the bars will have to be set separately.

• The size of the bars for the racks of the wall frame should be at least 100 × 100 mm, but it can also be mounted from boards with a cross section of at least 50 × 150 mm.

The bars are fixed to the lower harness with the help of powerful corners that are able to keep them in a vertical position. It is best to use not nails, but a self-tapping screw for fastening - the difference in price is not so significant, but the quality and reliability of the assembly is incomparably higher.

• When installing vertical racks, you must immediately mark the location of the openings for windows and doors. It is best to leave the area where they should be installed in the frame free, and install the part of the wall with the window opening separately.

Then, when the upper strapping bar is installed and fixed on all other vertical racks, the section with the window opening is fixed in the place left for it.

• All four walls are assembled in the same way. At the corners, the side posts are fastened together with corners, or instead of two separate ones, one common corner post is mounted. It is recommended to support it with diagonal braces on both sides - they will stiffen the entire wall structure.

• The doorway is equipped in the frame immediately. It is reinforced with an additional rack, since the hinged door has a certain weight, which must be calmly supported by both the reinforced opening and the entire wall frame.

• If it is planned to sheathe the frame on the outside with clapboard, then the next step is to carry out this event. Sheathing will give the structure additional rigidity, which will allow you to continue the installation of the attic floor and

The installation of the floor can be carried out immediately after the outer wall cladding, but only if the roof is covered with a roof on the same day. It is highly undesirable for a freshly laid floor covering to get wet if it suddenly rains at night. Therefore, it is better to solve the problem with the roof first, and then calmly deal with all other construction activities inside the house.

Roof construction and roofing

Types of truss systems

A few words need to be said about the types of truss systems, since, moving on to the construction of the roof, you need to have a general idea about this, to know which design is better to choose.

Rafter systems are of two types - hanging and layered.

Hanging system

The hanging truss system is distinguished by the fact that it is arranged only on external load-bearing walls and does not have other supports. It is perfect for erecting over a small country house. In order to lighten the load on the wooden walls and on the foundation, the hanging rafters are fastened with a puff.

Myself hanging structure consists of a transverse beam, which also performs an overlapping function, and can simultaneously be a frame for filing the ceiling, as well as rafter legs that form the roof slopes.

Layered system

The layered system is installed if the house, in addition to external walls, has internal capital partitions that will become additional points of support. Such a scheme can also be used in the construction of the roof of a country house, if it has a large area and its rooms are separated by walls built on a foundation.

With this system, the load on the load-bearing side walls becomes weaker, so fewer retaining elements can be used. It is great for attic structures that will be used as living quarters.

floor beams

An important structural element - floor beams

Beams are laid exactly over uprights wall frame. In order for them to fit snugly on the upper strapping belt, grooves are cut at their edges. The size of the grooves can be calculated based on the formula shown in the figure.

Beams are fixed to the frame structure of the walls with nails or self-tapping screws, and in addition they are sometimes fixed on both sides with metal corners.

Having completed the installation of the overlapping beams, you can proceed to the alignment truss system roofs. For safety reasons, temporary boarding is laid on the floor beams to ensure the comfort of moving along the attic plane during the installation of rafters.

Installation of the truss system

The roof truss system can be mounted using a different sequence of fixing its elements:

• First option. It is necessary to fasten the extreme pairs of rafter legs on the ground, then raise them to the harness and install them ready-made on the gable walls of the house. And then connect them with a ridge beam, and already mount the remaining pairs of rafters on it.
• Second option. To begin with, install the middle racks along the gables, then fasten them with a ridge bar or board, on which the rafters are then attached.
• Third option. In this case, pairs of rafter legs in their upper part are fastened together with a ridge pad, and their lower side is fixed on the wall trim, which in this embodiment will act as a Mauerlat.

The cross section of the beams or logs used for the rafter legs must be strictly maintained - depending on the rafter length between two fulcrum, and depending on the step between adjacent pairs of rafters

Maximum allowable length rafter leg (in mm)	Rafter spacing (in mm)
	1100		1400		1750		2100
	Section of the rafter leg (in mm)
	bars with a section	logs Ø	bars with a section	logs Ø	bars with a section	logs Ø	bars with a section	logs Ø
up to 3000	80×100	100	80×100	130	90×100	150	90×160	160
up to 3600	80×130	130	80×160	160	80×180	180	90×180	180
up to 4300	80×160	160	80×180	180	90×180	180	100×200	200
up to 5000	80×180	180	80×200	200	100×200	200	-	-
up to 5800	80×200	200	100×200	200	-	-	-	-
up to 6500	100×200	200	120×220	240	-	-	-	-

It should be noted that the rafter attachment point in its lower part will depend on the angle at which they are fastened on the ridge and how long they are.

If the rafter is long enough and protrudes beyond the bearing walls, then a notch is cut out on it, with which it will be installed on the strapping beam (). An example of such a cut is shown in the picture:

If the rafter ends at the edge bearing wall, then its lower edge is cut off at a right angle with respect to the Mauerlat, and the leg itself can be fixed on it using a special mounting plate, a sliding support, a corner, a bracket, nails or long self-tapping screws.

If the house is very small, then after fixing the rafters on the strapping, tying them with a ridge beam or board, you most likely will not have to install additional retaining elements.

Detailed information about the exact one can be obtained from a special publication of our portal by clicking on the recommended link:

For the installation of additional, reinforcing elements of the truss system, the material can be selected in accordance with the recommendations indicated in the table:

Roofing system

After the rafters and additional elements form the roof slopes, you can proceed to the installation of the subsystem for roofing.

• The first thing that needs to be done from the outside of the roof, after installing the rafters, is to lay a vapor barrier film, securing it first with brackets, and then with counter-lattice strips on the rafters.

The film is laid perpendicular to the rafters, starting from the lower, eaves of the roof. The overlap between two adjacent strips must be at least 200 mm.

• The main crate is mounted perpendicular to the counter-lattice, on which the roofing material will be attached. The installation step of the guides depends on the type and size of the roofing material sheets.

If, however, for covering the roof is chosen soft roof, then instead of the laths of the lathing, the slopes are covered with a continuous one - with plywood, and then with waterproofing sheets of roofing material, which is overlapped by 150 ÷ ​​200 mm and glued together with bituminous mastic. Another option is to use soft bituminous decorative tiles, which are laid using a similar technology.

• For wooden houses the following roofing materials are most often used (depending on the steepness of the roof slope).
  

• On the prepared base, the selected roofing material is laid and fixed. Work starts from the cornice, and if the first row is laid from right to left, then all other rows are mounted in the same way.

Some types of roofing materials have a strictly specified installation scheme in the direction, which cannot be changed. This must be indicated in the instructions attached to them.

Also, for any type of sheet roofing materials, the amount of overlap in the direction of the slope (usually 150 ÷ ​​200 mm), and the number of waves (relief protrusions) in the horizontal direction, along the roof, is determined.

• Almost all roofing materials are fixed on the crate with the help of special nails or self-tapping screws with waterproofing gaskets.

• It is very important to choose and fix the ridge elements of the roof correctly, otherwise it will leak at the first rain. Usually the ridge element is selected from the same material as the covering of the roof slopes.
• Further, the cornice overhang of the roof is finished - this can be done with a wooden or plastic clapboard. Sometimes special plastic elements - soffits - are used for these purposes.

• Then, elements of the roof drainage system are installed on the windboard - funnels, gutters on brackets, pipes, etc.

• Further, the gable sides of the truss system are sheathed. Most often, a wooden or plastic lining or even planed boards.

For lining along the perimeter of the gable triangle, a special profile is fixed, into which panels prepared and cut at the right angle will be installed. Installation is usually carried out symmetrically - from the middle rack to one and then the other side - then the skin will turn out to be even and neat.

By the way, to mount the lining, Moreover, you can horizontally, herringbone or come up with a more complex pattern.

Detailed information about the technology can be found in the article posted on our website by clicking on link.

Now, having finished the external roofing and being sure that the rain will no longer get inside the country house, you can proceed to the installation of windows and doors, insulation, flooring and wall cladding.

Installation of windows and doors

• Window frames are mounted in the frame openings left for them, set according to the level. For preliminary fixation, when the frame is set, spacers made of wooden bars or slats are installed between it and the bars of the opening.

Then, after checking the correct installation, the frames are attached to the wall frame metal strips. The remaining gaps between the frame and frame bars are filled mounting foam. After it dries, the excess is cut off, and platbands are installed around the windows on the outside of the wall, which will close the unsightly appearance of the gaps and give accuracy general view house.

• The installation of the door is best done together with the door frame, if it has sufficient rigidity. So it will be much easier to align the entire structure according to the level in doorway walls.

The door is best installed as a block - together with the frame and leaf

Exposing the door frame, if necessary, to achieve a clear vertical position, enclose wedges (inserts) from wooden slats. The door frame is fixed to the frame in the same way as window frames, using metal strips, and the gap is filled with mounting foam.

Having installed windows and doors in all, you can proceed to the installation of the floor.

Installation and floor insulation

To begin with, the temporary flooring from the boards (if there was one) is removed from the lower frame, and then you need to install the subfloor.

• To do this, cranial bars are nailed or screwed onto the frame load-bearing beams. They are necessary for laying transverse subfloor boards on them.

• Further, boards sawn exactly to size are laid on the cranial bars, or plywood 8 ÷ 10 mm thick - this flooring will serve as a subfloor.
• From above, the laid subfloor is closed hydro- paro— insulating film, which should cover both the load-bearing beams and the entire floor plane. Individual sheets of material are overlapped (by 150 ÷ ​​200 mm) and glued at the joints with waterproof tape.

• Further, insulating material is laid or poured on the vapor barrier film. If there is no desire to have as neighbors who like to settle under the floor, then it is better to use expanded clay of medium or fine fraction, or ecowool, to insulate the floor - these toothy pests simply do not live in such materials.

• On top of the insulation, another layer of film membrane is laid, which is nailed to the supporting beams with brackets. The laying principle is exactly the same as on the subfloor.

With the floor - finished!

• Then the whole structure is covered with thick plywood or wooden floorboards.

Measures for additional thermal insulation

When the floor is completely ready, the walls of the house are insulated and sheathed from the inside. If the building will be used only in the warm season, then the insulation will still not hurt - it will work as an insulator of the premises from heating in extreme heat. Therefore, it is recommended to lay a thermal insulation layer not only in the walls, but also in ceiling, and if it is absent - place the insulation on the inner slopes of the roof.

• First on all the walls and ceiling beams vapor barrier material is fixed. Then the ceiling is sheathed with clapboard, plywood or drywall.
• After covering the ceiling, the walls are insulated. At the same time, insulation mats are laid between the racks of the frame. It is necessary to make sure that the mats stand as tightly as possible with an emphasis on the bars of the wall frame, so that there are no gaps left.

That is why as a heater most often used mineral wool- after dense laying between the racks, it will straighten out, completely filling all the space. The material is usually selected so that the thickness of the mats and the thickness of the frame posts are the same.

• After that, all walls are again tightened with a vapor barrier film.

• The next step is wall cladding. wooden clapboard, plywood or . The latter, with subsequent decorative wall decoration, can be painted water-based paint or covered with wallpaper.

• Further, the attic floor is insulated, where the insulation is placed between the floor beams.

If the ceiling is sheathed from the side of the house with plasterboard or clapboard, then we must not forget that it is impossible to step on it, since the sheathing will not support the weight of a person. It is necessary to move carefully along the floor beams.

• In the event that the attic is planned to be used for storing various garden accessories, then on top of the insulation on the floor beams, it is necessary to fix the flooring from boards or plywood with a thickness of at least 10 mm.
• finishing touches interior decoration there will be installation of platbands on windows and doors, ceiling and floor plinths and closing corners with fittings.

Extensions to the house

The last stages of arranging a country house are installation work on the veranda and on the porch.

If space is left in advance for the veranda on the frame lying on the foundation, then a board is laid on this space to cover the floor (material for open areas is used), a fence is installed and a canopy is mounted.

If the foundation is raised high enough above the ground, then a porch is also attached to it.

Building a country house with your own hands is a completely doable task, but it will be quite difficult to manage without helpers. Therefore, it is best to seek help from a knowledgeable craftsman who has experience in such work, will always give useful advice and show how certain nodes are correctly mounted in the house structure. You can "mobilize" relatives and friends - it is possible that a knowledgeable person will be among them.

Video: construction of a country house using frame technology

They are a great building option. Today, housing is very expensive. Maintaining it is also a costly process. That is why people are looking for a way out of the situation, giving their preference to small structures for permanent residence, because a small house is just as functional and comfortable, and much less funds are required for its construction and maintenance.

Currently, the architectural direction is very popular, which allows you to build a mini-house. This is a kind of minimalist style, in which the rooms are multifunctional, there is no corridor or it is reduced to a miniature size. In such a house, everything is thought out very carefully. There are many, so the projects of small houses for permanent residence are impressive in their diversity. You can build an oversized building in a variety of forms.

Construction of mini-houses using ready-made projects

Today, it is easiest to build a small house for living according to a finished project. This makes it possible to significantly reduce the cost of developing project documentation. Finished projects allow you to quickly build a house that will be comfortable for the whole family. To select an option, you just need to contact construction company which specializes in the construction of turnkey houses. The company's specialist will offer the most advantageous version of the building, which would satisfy all the desires and requirements of future owners. Turning to a company of professionals, each customer is guaranteed to get what he dreams of, because the masters:

• conduct an inspection of the site on which the construction is planned;
• listen carefully to the wishes of the owner and his family members;
• they will select the best construction option that fits perfectly into, while preserving its usable space as much as possible. With a professional approach, all the wishes of the client are taken into account;
• will hold preliminary calculations construction, allowing you to find out whether the amount of construction of the building is lifting for the customer;
• perform all types of turnkey work.

Turning to a specialized company, each customer receives finished house With . No headaches, no searching for construction crews, no buying materials. All that remains is to periodically observe the construction, check the reports provided at will and, of course, enjoy the comfort of your own home. Small houses for permanent residence, photos of which can be viewed on the Internet, are comfortable and sophisticated buildings.

The advantages of building a small house according to a finished project

The construction of a small house according to a finished project allows you to:

• build a small house with all necessary communications for permanent residence;
• it is convenient to place rooms, while creating comfort;
• significant savings on the construction itself. Maintaining such a mini-house is also not difficult;
• make individual changes to planning. Finished projects make your home special.

A small house is a great building option for both retirees and young people. This is the best option. A small country house for permanent residence has everything you need, equipped with communication systems.

Construction of a frame mini-house for permanent residence

For the construction of a small house, different materials are used. Today it occupies a special place. Frame-panel small houses appeared recently, but quickly gained popularity. The construction of a frame house is special. The building is erected on a specially installed frame, which may consist of wood or metal. Special sandwich panels are attached to such a base.

A small house does not require pouring a solid foundation, because it has a small weight. Such houses are distinguished by strength and endurance. The house, which is intended for permanent residence, is insulated with a special material that perfectly retains heat even in the most severe winter.

External can be very different. Thanks to her, the house acquires individuality.

Building a frame small house has its advantages:

• fast construction. The time required to build such a house is several weeks;
• the ability to build in difficult places with moving soil;
• construction can be carried out all year round;

• significant savings in construction and maintenance;
• the ability to build buildings of various shapes;
• completely fireproof, because during its construction modern materials that are resistant to fire are used;
• environmentally friendly. Modern materials used in construction comply with hygienic standards and do not affect environment and a person.

The frame small house is equipped with communications. It is very comfortable and cozy to live in.

Wooden small house for permanent residence

Today, building a small wooden house according to a finished project is as simple as building a frame one. But there is an opinion that it is unsuitable for permanent residence. Many people think that such a house is cold in winter, but this is not at all the case. modern building allows you to build, which will be very warm and comfortable, because a tree conducts heat several times worse than a brick or foam block. This natural material, like a stone, has unique property- store heat. very simple, without putting much effort into it.

In summer, in such a house there will be comfortable freshness and coolness. The advantages of building a wooden house are obvious. First, it will have a special atmosphere. Secondly, it will be environmentally friendly, thirdly, warm and comfortable. Ready-made turnkey construction projects can significantly save money on the construction of buildings.

Brick small house for permanent residence

Small houses can be built from brick. This is a traditional material used for the construction of structures. Building even small sizes requires a solid foundation. Such a building is being built much longer than its modern counterparts, but, nevertheless, many give their preference to brick. The material has proven itself for decades as reliable and durable, which is why it is not so easy to refuse it.

A mini-house made of bricks can be designed in different ways. The main requirement for the development of a construction plan is the creation of a convenient layout.

What goals do people pursue by building small houses?

Today, small houses are very much in demand. What makes you build a small-sized housing?

1. Small houses are the most the best option construction for pensioners. Maintaining such a structure is much easier and more economical. In addition, pensioners are no longer as vain as the younger generation. They just don't see the point in building a big house.
2. Small cash outlay. Building a house requires a significant investment. Young people have not yet managed to accumulate the necessary funds, and therefore give their preference to the construction of small buildings. In addition, you can build such a structure on credit, which will not be so difficult to repay.
3. Small maintenance costs. Modern projects allow you to have luxurious, but small apartments, which are much cheaper to maintain.
4. Can be built even on a small plot. The small house is beautifully located even on a compact plot of land.
5. An excellent option for the original building. Many land owners first build a small house, and then already. An oversized house can later be used as a guest house or can be converted into a bathhouse.
6. Many mini-home options are mobile, meaning they can be transported from place to place.

Small houses are not a miserable existence and not a deprivation of all the benefits of civilization. Looking at them more closely, you can see the beauty and grace, originality and extravagance. It is a wonderful and comfortable living environment. The correct layout of small houses for permanent residence allows you to create a unique atmosphere and increased comfort.