Dereza: general description and methods of application. Dereza ordinary, or goji

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Common dereza is a creeping shrub that belongs to the nightshade family. The homeland of the plant is considered to be Tibet. Fragile twigs of dereza are almost completely covered with thin thorns. The vine, hanging down, can reach a length of up to five meters. The bark of the plant has a grayish tint, and the flowers are white with a touch of pink and purple.

Fruit

As for the fruits of common wolfberry, they are positioned as Goji berries. In length, they can reach 15 millimeters. Dereza berries are very juicy. However, they cannot be consumed raw, since they contain a huge amount of biologically active components that can cause severe poisoning. Therefore, the fruits are dried in the shade. In this form, the berries are safe. The taste can sometimes be sour, but mostly they are sweet-salty and somewhat reminiscent of nightshade.

Dereza won't be very useful plant. Its fruits have been actively used since 2004. Experts say that they are able to cope with obesity.

Where does it grow

It is generally accepted that common dereza grows exclusively in Tibet and in Eastern countries. But it's not. In fact, this plant can be seen in almost any countryside Ukraine, Russia and Belarus, as well as in some countries Western Europe. Many companies position Goji berries as exclusive, claiming that these fruits can only be harvested in Tibet. As a result, the cost of goods is too high.

Popularly called wolfberry dereza common. Where it grows, we have already said. It remains to understand what useful qualities dereza has.

Chemical composition

The berries of common dereza have a simply unique chemical composition. They contain:

• 21 minerals, including copper, selenium, magnesium, calcium, zinc, iron and phosphorus.
• 18 amino acids, 8 of which are produced by the body.
• 6 fatty acids.
• Vitamins B 6, B 2, B 1, E and C.
• four polysaccharides. These substances are not found in other products.
• Linoleic acid.
• Fiber.
• Protein.
• Fats.
• Carbohydrates.

As you can see, the composition of this product is very rich. It is worth noting that 100 grams of common wolfberry berries contain up to 10 mg of vitamin B 1, up to 20 mg of vitamin B 2, betaine 1%, carotene 3.7 mg, iron 3.4 mg, phosphorus 67 mg, calcium 155 mg, protein almost 6 mg.

Beneficial features

What useful properties do berries of common wolfberry have? Due to such a rich composition, the fruits of asthenia are used to prepare not only medicinal decoctions and teas, but also to combat extra pounds. At the same time, many people add berries even to ordinary dishes.

The spectrum of action of preparations from the fruits of common wolfberry is quite wide:

1. Antioxidant components slow down the aging process.
2. The use of berries increases the composition of lymphocytes, promotes blood renewal, and also relieves stress.
3. Dereza vulgaris is used during menopause in women. This product is effective in the treatment of infertility in both sexes.
4. Berries are used for the treatment of various inflammatory processes. The product ensures the normal functioning of the digestive system and kidneys.
5. The fruit contains the mineral germanium, which is able to prevent the formation of cancerous tumors, provide protection from radiation exposure, and support the body during the rehabilitation period.
6. The product awakens the hormone of youth, and also improves memory and sleep.
7. Berries increase testosterone release and libido levels.
8. The use of preparations based on the fruit of common wolfberry gives a positive result in the treatment of eye diseases. In addition, the product can significantly improve vision.
9. fruit consumption this plant helps stabilize blood pressure.
10. Berries are very useful in the presence of cardiovascular abnormalities.
11. The fruits of common wolfberry contain beta-sitosterol. This component helps to lower the level of cholesterol in the blood.
12. Berries are indicated for patients suffering from first-degree diabetes.
13. It has been proven that the product turns any food into energy. And this contributes to weight loss.

Berries for weight loss

The fruits of common wolfberry are a faithful and reliable assistant in the fight against extra pounds. The optimal dosage for weight loss is from 20 to 50 grams of berries throughout the day. The indicated amount of the product should be divided into several doses. But how to prepare drugs?

Infusion

This tool produces greatest effect. For cooking, pour 250 milliliters of boiling water over a tablespoon of fruit and let stand for half an hour. The finished drink can be taken up to three times a day for a tablespoon.

Tincture

From the fruit of common dereza, you can prepare a tincture. To do this, pour 50 grams of berries into ½ liter of vodka. The container with the drug should be tightly closed and placed in dark place. Infuse the remedy should be within 7 days. The finished elixir can be taken twice a day for 10 milliliters, diluting the drink with water.

Porridge

To prepare the dish, you need to take a few glasses of water, 5 grams of berries and a tablespoon of rice, preferably dark. Cooking porridge is necessary until cooked. At the same time, spices should not be added to dishes.

It is best to cook dereza berries with a liver. Such a dish will be more useful in the fight against excess weight. For cooking, boil 50 grams of fruit and 100 grams of liver. The finished dish should not be seasoned with spices. You can add a little dry or fresh herbs mixed with various herbs to it.

Dereza ordinary: contraindications

Even taking into account all the useful qualities of this product, its use should still be agreed with a nutritionist or with your doctor. It should not be forgotten that common wolfberries can cause side effects.

Experts do not recommend using the fruits of this plant for those who take medicines from diabetes and liver disease. The product strongly affects the action of drugs such as Phenytoin, Diclofenac, Ibuprofen, Losartan.

It is also worth giving up berries to lactating and, of course, pregnant women. Do not abuse the product for flatulence, intestinal upset and high fever.

Facts about berries

Dereza ordinary, the price of which in our country is too high (from 400 rubles for a 200-gram bag), is used not only for the preparation of alternative medicine, but also in the manufacture of medicines. And this is no accident, because the fruits of this plant are distinguished by the following:

1. They contain 500 times more vitamin C than oranges and 100 times more than lemons.
2. The product contains keratin. Its content in berries is higher than in carrots.
3. There are more proteins in the fruits of common wolfberry than in wheat.
4. The iron content in these fruits is 15 times higher than in spinach.
5. Berries contain more protein than bee pollen.

Finally

Dereza ordinary, whose seedlings can be purchased at specialized markets, grows well in climatic conditions our country. Therefore, you can not spend huge amounts of money buying goji berries. The fruits of the plant contain a huge amount of components useful for the human body. However, you should not use funds from berries on their own. At misuse the fruit of common dereza can harm your health. Therefore, taking any drugs made on the basis of this product should be discussed with your doctor.

Dereza, otherwise Lycium (Lycium) - evergreen shrub Solanaceae family. This shrub grows in subtropical and temperate regions, more common in South America. Representatives of this species often grow on salty soils, they can rise up to 4 thousand meters above sea level.

Dereza is not a goat, but a shrub

Boxthorn - ornamental shrub up to 2.5 m high, sometimes there are trees up to 10 m high. Dereza branches are usually prickly. The leaves are arranged alternately or collected in bunches. Leaflets simple, entire, petioles short. Flowers grow in axils singly or in bunches. Flower calyx 3-5 toothed, preserved during fruit development. The corolla of the flower is funnel-shaped, cylindrical or conical, with a limb of 4-5 lobes. The fruit is a berry with many seeds.

Dereza vulgaris

This type of dereza has several names: Goji, ordinary lycium, Berber dereza, barbarian dereza. China is supposedly the homeland of common wolfberry, although it has spread throughout the world.

common dereza(Lycium barbarum) is found in the literature more often than others. It is a thorny shrub up to 3 m tall. Grows on edges, in thickets of bushes, on scree and dry slopes, wastelands, found along roads, near hedges. The crown of common dereza is dense. Its branches are long, light yellow, thin, at first grow straight, then droop. The leaves are narrowly elliptical or oblong-lanceolate, the petioles are short. Lilac-purple flowers with a diameter of 2 cm, solitary or in groups of 2-5 grow in the axils of the leaves. The leaves emit a pleasant smell. The fruit-berry is small, oblong, orange or red, multi-seeded. The roots are thick, deep, form a lot of hard root offspring.

Propagated by seeds that germinate quite quickly, do not need pre-treatment. They are sown in a greenhouse, they are left to winter there ..

You can also propagate with semi-lignified cuttings, which are cut into 5-10 cm with a “heel” (a piece of small old wood). They are planted in a greenhouse in July-August. The rooting rate is high.

It grows well on soils of medium fertility, it is useful to feed young plants. It tolerates pruning without problems, then grows back from the old wood.

Winter hardiness of the plant is average, better in winter time store in containers in the basement or cool room.

Medicinal properties of common dereza

Ripe dried wolfberries are medicinal raw materials. In China they are called Goji - Gou Qi Zi. The fruits are harvested when they turn bright red. Dry, separate the stalks. Dry again until the skin becomes brittle, then peel it off. Dried fruits contain many vitamins, ascorbic acid, trace elements, proteins.

In medicine Asian countries Dereza berries are used for various diseases: hearing loss, dizziness, anemia, visual impairment, diabetes, infertility, impotence. In Chinese ethnomedicine, it is believed that berries improve the functioning of the kidneys, liver, and can even defeat old age.

It is believed that wolfberry preparations are strong antioxidants, an anti-stress agent, especially in combination with ginseng. They are prescribed as a tonic for chronic fatigue syndrome and at the same time for sleep disorders. Drugs improve memory, relieve anxiety, stimulate hematopoiesis. Dereza fruits are effective for anemia. In combination with turmeric and ginseng, they help regulate cholesterol levels, which is useful in old age. Dereza also helps to reduce the risk of cataracts, is indicated for weakening of vision, rapid eye fatigue.

The fruits are used in dried form, fresh, dry fruit extract, in the form of juice. It is recommended to use dry fruits per day 2-3 g. In Tibet and China they are used in more.

High doses of dereza can cause diarrhea. When you start eating berries, kidney function and digestion may be disrupted. If this happens, the dose should be reduced.

In Chinese medicine, the bark of wolfberry roots is also used. The plant is dug up in spring or late autumn, the roots are thoroughly washed, the bark is removed, and it is dried in the sun. Used for cough, fever, tuberculosis.

Common dereza is a good honey plant.

While walking through the forest, we often come across beautiful berries, which are popularly called wolf berries. If you eat them, you will definitely get poisoned. Is it so? In fact, wolfberries are the collective name for a number of plants. These include belladonna, wolfberry, raven eye, honeysuckle, buckthorn, snowberry, common dereza. Photos of these plants, the fruits of which in most cases are really inedible, are very often found on the pages of publications devoted to wildlife. Many of us have known since childhood that such berries should not be eaten. Separate place this list is occupied by common wolfberry, the fruits of which are a very valuable source of nutrients.

Wolfberry, bulldurgun, Tibetan barberry, goji, lycium. All these names belong to the same plant - dereza, which supplies us with the most valuable raw materials used to prepare all kinds of healing compounds.

plant description

Dereza common, Latin name which Lýcium bárbarum, belongs to the large Solanaceae family and is a woody plant belonging to the genus Dereza, with more than sixty species. The homeland of wolfberry is China, but it is also possible to grow it in Russia.

In height, this shrub reaches a height of 3.5 meters. The branches of the plant are covered with small thin spines. Leaves - simple whole-edged, elliptical in shape, flowers - bell-shaped, purple or Pink colour, the fruit is a small berry with a bright coral-red color. Dereza vulgaris during the fruiting period, which lasts from May to October (depending on the region), is capable of producing up to thirteen crops.

About the benefits of common dereza

The fruits of the plant are rich in ascorbic, gamma-aminobutyric and nicotinic acids, vitamins A, B1, B2, polysaccharides, proteins, amino acids and many other useful substances.

The leaves and berries (both ripe and dried) of common dereza are used to treat various diseases cardiovascular and nervous systems normalization of kidney function. They also lower cholesterol levels and normalize blood sugar levels. In addition, the fruits of this plant increase potency, for which they were dubbed the berries of love. For their medicinal properties a wide spectrum of action, dereza vulgaris is called a remedy for a thousand diseases.

Growing dereza in the garden

Is it easy to grow a shrub? Dereza ordinary feels great in almost all conditions. Moreover, before you start breeding dereza, it should be noted that it is easier to grow it than to get rid of it later. it unpretentious plant, which perfectly takes root on semi-saline and insufficiently moistened soils, grows quite quickly and successfully, displacing its neighbors in order to win back large area. Therefore, it is better to plant it in wastelands, along ditches and roads, gardens or apiaries.

Dereza vulgaris is equally well propagated by cuttings and seeds. In the first case, one- or two-year-old shoots are used, having 3-4 buds and a length of 10-15 cm, which are first grown in a greenhouse soil consisting of a mixture of peat and sand. The cutting is immersed in the soil to a depth of 5 cm, while the lowest kidney should be sprinkled with earth. Surface sowing is used for seed germination. To achieve the best result, the seeds should be placed in warm water for two days, then treated with a solution of potassium permanganate and planted in the ground. In the process of seed germination, it is necessary to maintain constant humidity.

In early spring, in adult plants, about one third of the old shoots should be cut under the root. It is necessary to water the common dereza only during the rooting period or in a hot, dry summer, since it does not like too much humidity.

On the world market, 1 kg of common wolfberry costs from $ 50 - like a liter of juice of its coral berries. The annual spending of fans of the "superfood" is estimated at $145 million and more. Exotic lovers and healthy lifestyle life will be interesting reference Information about culture, facts about a miracle berry, a photo of an unusual ordinary wolfberry.

general information

Common dereza, she is Berber dereza (lat. Lycium barbarum), perennial, deciduous shrub of an extensive nightshade family, a related species of Lycium chinense, the so-called. Chinese dereza, or is identified with it. In Chinese transliteration, the name sounds like Níngxià gǒuqǐ, in English as Goji - the same goji, known as the superfood of recent decades.

Distribution area - the central part of China, the foothills of Tibet, most of Eurasia, including Russia and southeast Europe, North America, Australia.

Industrial cultivation is concentrated in the northern and western regions of China, from where it is imported as a raw material for juices, in dried form to the European Union, the USA and other countries, including Russia. Among the manufacturers of dietary products, juices are Coca-Cola, PepciCo, Schweppers, Dr. Peppers, etc.

Freelife International, a dried fruit importer and juice manufacturer, began the global branding of goji as a "superfood". Freelife accounts for 90% of sales in 26 countries and an estimated annual turnover of close to $500 million.

In Russia, in the wild, dereza is found in middle lane, Primorsky Krai, in the North Caucasus. A wild culture can be found everywhere: dereza grows on the edges, dry slopes, along roads, in wastelands.

Dereza berries

Amateur cultivation of wolfberry is also practiced. Gardeners note the aggressiveness of the plant, the shoots of which have to be disposed of with the help of herbicides. There is also a similarity between the seedlings of the “Himalayan miracle” bought for a lot of money and the culture that has chosen wastelands.

Botanical description

Plant height, reminiscent of barberry, up to 3.5 m. The bush gives many offspring. The branches are arched, drooping, spiky. The leaves are oblong-lanceolate, whole-cut, light green above, slightly gray below. Purple flowers 2 cm in diameter, bell-shaped. Fruits are orange-red, oblong-rounded, up to 12 cm.

Common dereza blooms in the second year, from early summer to September. Dereza enters fruiting at 3-5 years.

Attention! According to the FDA database (US Food and Drug Administration), dereza - poisonous plant. Since 2004, the FDA has classified dietary supplements based on it as containing "dangerous, undeclared ingredients."

Many varieties of wolfberry have been bred, differing in fruit size, spiky shoots, and ripening time. These are Chinese, American, European forms of Goji Lhasa, Goji Lysiet, Crimson Star, Dynamite, Biglifeberry, New Big, etc.

For those who doubt the identity of common wolfberry and goji: in the USA, the officially declared name of the culture is Lycium barbarum, its berries are Goji Berry, Wolfberries. The name Lycium chinense is not used.

About the main thing: about the benefits

1. Improvement of metabolism, psycho-emotional state, potency.
2. Weight loss, hormonal balance.
3. Inhibition of cholesterol synthesis.
4. Decreased sugar levels.
5. Adaptogenic, immunostimulatory properties.
6. Hepatoprotective.
7. Cytostatic (antitumor).

The claimed properties are not confirmed. On the contrary, the FDA Department has repeatedly stopped the supply of wolfberry due to the high content of insecticides and fungicides. And to this day, dereza, imported under the brand name "natural", has not received the approval of the Department.

Representatives of Freelife International were caught making false statements, incl. on the antitumor efficacy of berries. So, Earl Mindell, marketing director, cited non-existent studies at Memorial Sloan-Kettering, New York Cancer Center, allegedly confirming the cytostatic activity of the culture.

According to the statement National Institute health, there are currently no current or incomplete studies of the properties of wolfberry. The wording sounds like “we have not investigated the dereza and we will not investigate it.”
There are also legal proceedings with Freelife International, the subject of which is “providing false information, false statements”.

The composition of the "superfood"

Dereza fruits contain:

• 22 significant macro- and micronutrients;
• 6 essential vitamins;
• 18 amino acids;

• alkaloids (atropine, hyoscyamine), etc.,
• polysaccharides;
• flavonoids;
• saponins.

Attention! Due to the content of atropine, the allowable dose of the "superfood" is 100-120 ml per day, or up to 50 g of dry fruits.

The level of these substances is comparable to many fruits and vegetables. So, the level of vitamin C, declared as the highest among plant foods, turned out to be inferior to citrus fruits, rose hips. In dried fruits, it is practically absent. According to British nutritionists, about 500 ml of juice will replace an ordinary apple.

Different sources provide different composition data. So, the amount of protein ranges from 0 to 30%, fiber - from 0 to 13%. The calorie content also varies: according to some sources, a hundred-gram handful of dry berries is 150 kcal, according to others - up to 300 kcal.

Attention! Dereza products are absolutely incompatible with antihypertensive drugs that reduce sugar levels and anticoagulants.

Only three studies of culture properties have been documented. The results of the first were found in hairless mice, juice drinkers goji, UV resistance. The results of the second report that "the product requires study." A third experiment, conducted in China, revealed a decrease in sugar levels in diabetic rabbits. According to the brilliant marketer Martin Lindstrom, the goji PR campaign is a capitulation of common sense to marketing. Sunbathing mice and recovering rabbits are no reason to buy “hope in a bottle” for the whole world.

However, one cannot judge those who believe in a cure with a Tibetan coral berry: there is no immunity from belief in a fairy tale. And there is no answer to the uncomfortable question: who will return health and lost time to those for whom a handful of wild barberry has become the last hope.