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The arrangement of the sewer system requires the most scrupulous attitude to all stages of the process, including depth, slope, and reliability of connections. Each of these factors has big influence on the performance of the entire system. Negligence is unacceptable here, if there is no self-confidence, it is better to turn to professionals.
Laying depth of the sewer system
Modern sewer systems significantly improve the standard of living in a private house. If in previous years a toilet on the street was perceived as an unpleasant necessity, inseparable from a private house, today it is a sign of laziness of the owners or their extremely low income. Moreover, in the first case, you can get out of the situation by hiring professionals who will perform absolutely all the work.
The depth of the pipeline depends on the depth of the septic tank.
Advice! The pipe laid between the building and the septic tank must be straight. Knees, turns will provoke the appearance of blockages.
Before arranging the sewer system, you should find out what is average depth freezing in your area. Pipes need to be laid a little lower than these figures. Usually, the depth at which sewer pipes are located in a private house in the south is more than 50 cm. In the central part of the country, where the climate is harsher, the depth of sewerage in a private house is at least 70 cm. These figures are especially significant if sewer pipes are located under the platforms or under the paths, which in winter period free from snow.
Features of laying sewer pipes
Laying sewer pipes must be carried out in accordance with the following rules:
- pipes of the required diameter must be used;
- it is necessary to observe the standard slope rate (about 0.03 m per 1 running meter pipes);
- it is permissible to use pipes from different materials, but in one pipeline, the pipes must match in material.
The depth of the pipeline can be determined based on the following points:
- the nature of the site (its relief, soil features);
- exit point sewer pipe from home.
The angle of inclination is needed so that the wastewater flows by gravity, in this case it is not necessary to install a pump, excess dirt will not accumulate inside the pipe, which can cause blockages. For the same purpose, the outer part of the system is performed without turns. Here, indoors, the sewerage laying scheme in a private house allows pipe turns, this will not become a serious obstacle to the functionality of the system. If you allow the outer part of the sewer system to turn, then you will definitely have to tear off these pipes,. Consequently, neglect of these rules can create very serious problems that are not always really quickly solved.
Advice! If it is impossible to lay a sewer pipe without turns, a well must be made at the place of the turn, into which it will always be possible to penetrate and eliminate the blockage in this area. This technique allows you to lay a sewer pipeline in any area.
Why is laying depth important?
The main reason for the need for too careful attention to the depth of pipe laying is the possibility of freezing. If this happens in the middle of winter, the residents of the house will be left without the ability to use the sewer until warm days, when the icing melts. Even minimal ice buildup inside the pipes will lead to blockages and a decrease or complete cessation of patency. This is a natural result of the narrowing of the lumen of the pipe. Wells contribute to getting rid of emerging blockages at the places where pipes turn in the external system.
Such convenient fixture allows you to control the work of the sewerage, in time to eliminate emerging problems. It is not very difficult to make it, but it brings a lot of comfort to the operation process.
Accounting for the depth of soil freezing is a fundamental requirement. In order not to spend money on arranging deeper trenches than necessary, you need to have a clear idea of the depth of soil freezing in a given area. Below is a table to help guide you in this matter.
How to properly equip thermal insulation?
In cold regions, it is recommended to supplement the sewer pipeline with thermal insulation. This approach allows you to extend service life, exclude the possibility of freezing at very low temperatures. Most often, polyurethane foam is taken for this purpose. If the pipe is wrapped with polyurethane foam, and a polyethylene sheath is made on top, the pipe will not be afraid of frost.
If pipes are laid below the possible freezing point, then the pipes will never freeze. In this case, additional protection is made in case of extreme cold. When performing thermal insulation Special attention give joints and turning points. It is these zones that tolerate the effects of cold quite poorly. So warming the turning points is a must.
In Europe, a more technologically advanced method is used. An electric cable is launched near the pipeline; if necessary, it acts as a heater for the pipe. For many residents of our country, this method is too expensive, because paying for energy is not the smallest item of expenditure. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the depth of pipe laying. AT central regions it is better to choose a depth of 1m. And in the northern regions, it is desirable to dig deeper trenches and carry out high-quality thermal insulation. To do this, you can either fiberglass. If the pipes are located above the ground, they are also insulated with similar materials. Since they can fill with water, .
Video - Installation of external sewerage and insulation
The interior of the sewer system of a private house
For uninterrupted operation of the sewer, the requirements for the diameter of the pipes must be observed:
The external part of the sewer system of a private house
The main requirement is to ensure proper bias. The only correct drain is gravity. Too much low speed will lead to blockages. Too fast movement of effluents - to accelerate the destruction of pipes.
The sewerage laying scheme in a private house includes a characteristic of the features of the pipe exit from the room. The rules for removing a pipe from a house depend on the type of foundation. At strip foundation the output is arranged on the side. With slab - the pipe is laid from top to bottom, for this a pipe section and a 45 ° elbow are used. To equip the sewer, a pipe-sleeve is laid in the foundation in advance, through which the main pipeline is then removed. Such a base is needed to protect the pipeline from excessive pressure and potential destruction.
From the exit point to the septic tank / cesspool, the pipe is laid evenly, without bends. In the septic tank, the drain pipe is inserted at the top. This is done to provide a place for the accumulation of waste.
In order not to be mistaken in the depth of laying the pipe, you need to find out how things are with the neighbors who have already equipped their own drain. If they have problems with pipe freezing, you need to dig your pipe deeper. No matter how deep the pipe lies, in any case, a slope is needed. Usually they make 2 - 3 cm per linear meter.
- Must be done first detailed diagram piping inside the house. This will reduce time and financial expenses considering all the best options.
- Pipes run towards the riser or to the septic tank, sharp corners excluded.
- The riser on each floor must be equipped with a tee designed to service the sewer system for quick cleaning.
During the construction of a new building, sewerage is an integral part. With modern materials and quantity useful information on the Internet, learning how to properly design a sewerage scheme in a private house with your own hands will not be a problem. By following simple requirements, you can easily mount the waste system yourself, since you do not have to use outdated bulky materials.
Samples of obsolete materials
Since the old grandfather's toilet has lost its relevance, especially in the cold season, three main types of waste systems are currently in operation:
- A system connected to a collective or city collector;
- Stationary waste collection point:
- Sealed tank;
- Stationary sewer well without bottom;
- Scheme of installation of bio-sewerage.
The principles of installing the pipe system in the house and up to the collector are almost the same for all types. It is convenient to carry out all the wiring around the house from PVC, and it is more rational to make the connection to the collection point with a HDPE pipe for technical purposes, since its length allows a seamless method. The main branch connected to the toilet is laid with a pipe with a diameter of 110 mm, all other standard points of water intake (sink, washing machine, shower cabin), are connected to common system pipes of the 50th diameter. The only requirement is an angle of 2-3 degrees on horizontal sections to ensure optimal water flow.
At the sewers PVC pipes There are advantages and disadvantages when installing a waste system:
- Easy way to connect. The whole circuit is assembled as a constructor, pipes and components are simply inserted into each other;
- The materials are light in weight compared even to HDPE materials;
- A simple way of fastening, including on a vertical surface;
- The only drawback is the maximum length in free access of 6 m.
Do-it-yourself installation of a sewerage scheme in a private house is possible for all types of sewerage, except for biosewerage. To implement this option, it is recommended to contact specialists. All others can be mounted independently, but when connected to central system, you will need a package of permits.
Where to start
The first step is to select the collection point type. The most profitable is connecting to a common city branch. The user makes a one-time investment in the installation and required materials and pays a symbolic amount for the services monthly. This option is not always feasible for suburban construction, but there is an alternative.
Related article:
How to properly design and implement systems of internal, external diversion Wastewater, as well as their cleaning - read in this material.
Stationary sewerage scheme of a private house: the depth of the pipe to the tank
The tank can be made from different materials. It could be:
- Metal or plastic tank;
- concrete structure;
- Concrete rings mounted on a concrete base.
This method is acceptable even if there is a water well on the site, since liquid waste does not penetrate the soil with good waterproofing. The only downside is waste. Money for the services of sewers. The septic tank, as a rule, is mounted to a depth of 1.5-2 m. The pipeline is strongly recommended to be laid below the freezing level of the soil, which can be determined from a special map.
Depending on the number of points of water intake, the working volume of the tank is selected, but it should be borne in mind that the standard volume of a sewage truck is 3 m3, that is, the volume of your tank must be a multiple of this indicator. For example, if the volume of the tank is 5 m 3 , you will either overpay for the services of the second machine, or 2 m 3 of the working volume will be filled once and become useless.
In the case of a standard family of 4, with periodic washing, showering, washing dishes, a 3 m 3 container is filled on average in two weeks.
Calculator for calculating the volume of a septic tank
The street toilet with a cesspool is gradually becoming a thing of the past. New house and even small cottage should please owners with comfort and normal amenities for the 21st century. The device is a completely affordable and safe event for the building, if you approach the design wisely and use modern materials and technology. During the construction of a house, the drain system is laid at the design stage, along with other engineering communications, but it is quite possible to organize the construction of a bathroom with an urban level of comfort in an old house.
All private houses can be divided into two categories - those that can be connected to a centralized city or settlement sewerage, and those that can't. The progress of work and the arrangement of communications inside the premises for these cases will be the same, the only difference will be in the organization of wastewater disposal.
General principles for installing sewerage in a private house
In principle, the sewerage in a private house, as in a city apartment, consists of a vertical riser and pipes of a smaller diameter, through which drains from a sink, toilet bowl, etc. flow into it by gravity. Then the wastewater flows into large-diameter horizontally located pipes, and from them into the centralized sewerage system or adjacent autonomous treatment facilities.
When planning a sewerage system in a house under construction, it is worth having the kitchen and bathrooms nearby, preferably near the place where the sewage system goes outside. If the house is two-story, then the bathrooms should be located one below the other in order to reduce the number of risers and simplify the installation of the system and its subsequent maintenance.
AT big house With large quantity bathrooms, with a complex sewer system, rational installation sewer pump. A pump may also be needed if the site has absolutely no slope.
When designing sewers, the following are also taken into account:
- site landscape - wastewater flows down and the septic tank or cesspool should be at its lowest point,
- the type of soil, its freezing and the height of the groundwater - this determines the depth of the pipes outdoor sewerage and choice of treatment facilities
Material selection
On the present stage polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride - the best option. They are inexpensive, easy to transport and install, and do not require welding machine. In addition to pipes, you will need connecting elements: elbows of various configurations, fittings, tees, inspection hatches. The joints are additionally treated with a sealant.
The diameter of the pipes depends on the volume of wastewater and the number of devices connected to the system. In any case, the diameter of the pipe from the plumbing fixture must be equal to or greater than its drain pipe. The diameter of the pipe for the riser should be from 100 mm if a toilet bowl is connected to it, and from 50 mm if there is no toilet bowl. The length of the pipes from the device to the riser should not exceed 3 m, and from the toilet - 1 m. If this distance needs to be increased, then the pipes are taken with a larger diameter.
Pipe installation and plumbing connection
Before assembling the system, it is better to draw it in detail or design it in a computer program. All horizontal pipes internal sewerage should go at a slope from the device to the riser at the rate of 2-15 cm per 1 m. If you need to turn the pipe 90 degrees, then it is better to do it smoothly, using 2 knees at 45 or 3 knees at 30 degrees, to prevent blockages.
The toilet is connected to the vertical riser separately to avoid emptying the siphons in the plumbing when draining the water. Moreover, the remaining devices must be connected above the toilet to prevent drains from entering them.
Sewer risers on each floor in the lower part are supplied with inspection hatches. For soundproofing, they can be wrapped in a layer mineral wool or close with a drywall box.
Sanitary fixtures are connected to pipes through a U-shaped siphon, the lower part of which always contains some water. Fetid gases from the sewers cannot pass through this barrier. Some sinks and bathrooms come with a siphon already installed, others will require an additional purchase, toilets have a built-in siphon.
The riser is connected to the outer pipes by means of horizontal pipes of the same or larger diameter, located in the basement, basement or under the floor. Such pipes are also equipped with inspection hatches (mandatory on turns). When connecting them, you should avoid right angles and complex turns. If the pipe lies in the ground or an unheated room, then it must be well insulated. At the point of exit from the house, all sewer pipes are collected together and through a hole in the foundation are joined to the external sewer.
Sewer pipes are attached to the walls with clamps. Additional fasteners are installed near the tie-in points in the riser, connections and transitions.
sewer ventilation
A large amount of abruptly drained water, for example, from a toilet bowl, moving along the pipe, creates an area of discharged space behind it. In the absence of air entering the system, water from the siphons of plumbing fixtures along this pipe leaves and appears bad smell. For this reason sewer system must be equipped with its own ventilation.
For riser pipes, they are extended to the roof, the upper end does not close, but is reliably hidden from precipitation and debris. You can do it differently, an aeration valve is installed at the top of the riser, which does not release odors, but conducts air inside, which prevents the air from being discharged in the pipe.
Outdoor sewerage
Outside the home is also optimal to use polymer pipes. For their laying, a trench is dug to the depth of soil freezing, a sand cushion is poured on its bottom, and then pipes are laid at a slope of 2-3%. If it is impossible to ensure a sufficiently deep occurrence, then it is necessary to carefully insulate the pipes.
At the point of connection to the house and near the docking with the central sewer or autonomous treatment facilities inspection hatches are installed. Preferably installed in a pipe check valve. It will protect the house sewer from the ingress of sewage from the outside, for example, when the cesspool is overflowing, and from the penetration of rodents through the pipes.
Wastewater treatment plant
An autonomous sewer at the end may have:
- cesspool,
- biological treatment plant.
Each of these options has its advantages and disadvantages, but, in general, a cesspool can be recommended only for cottages where they do not live permanently, or for small houses for 1-2 people. The biological treatment plant is expensive, but after its installation, maintenance and its emptying will have to be resorted to extremely rarely. The septic tank is the best option, you can buy it at ready-made or do it yourself.
Properly designed and installed sewerage will make living in your own home even more comfortable.
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In private homes, you often have to do the sewer system yourself. Without this, it is simply impossible to achieve the same level of living comfort as in apartment building. There are many nuances in this matter - one of the most important is the depth of the sewer in a private house, since the durability and efficiency of the system largely depend on this.
Sewerage depth in a private house
The easiest way out of this situation is to entrust the work to specialists. Another option with which you can save a significant amount of money is to do the arrangement of the sewer yourself, an example of the system can be seen in the photo. It is recommended to choose a septic tank as the basis of the treatment plant.It is installed in a pit next to the house - the distance to it should not be less than 5 meters. As for the depth, the septic tank is immersed in the soil by 1.5 meters. The pit is sometimes reinforced with concrete, which avoids the destruction of the septic tank under soil pressure, groundwater and other factors.
It is easy to determine at what depth to lay the sewer by the level of the location of the structure. When laying pipes, it is recommended not to make turns and knees along the entire length from the house to the septic tank - ideally, the pipeline should be absolutely straight.
Pipes are placed at a depth slightly above the average freezing point of the soil. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that under roads and sites that will be cleared of snow in winter, the laying depth must be increased so that the pipes do not freeze and collapse (more: "").
The minimum sewerage depth is 70-80 centimeters - this value is suitable for regions with a warm climate. The more severe the winters, the deeper the pipeline is laid (more details: "").
Determining the depth of the sewer
In the process of laying pipes, the following points must be taken into account:- products must have a sufficient diameter;
- the slope rate is 0.03 meters per linear meter of pipe;
- products have different properties depending on the material from which they are made;
- the location of the septic tank and the exit point of the sewer pipe from the house.
The need for the correct choice of the minimum depth of the sewer
To adhere to the required trench depth is necessary for several reasons. For example, if the pipes are laid at the level of freezing of the soil, the liquid may cool down, a blockage may appear, which will cause the sewage system to become unusable before the onset of heat. Blockages can be avoided by making the minimum number of connections. If it is impossible to do without pipe turns, a well is necessarily made at the junction point, free access to which must be provided. If problems arise with the sewer, it will be easy to clean the pipes and check the quality of the connections.
When laying a pipeline, it is imperative to take into account the depth of soil freezing. This level is different for every region. The more severe the winters in a particular area, the deeper the trench for the sewer pipeline should be.
Pipe insulation
In order to increase the life of the sewer, the pipes should be insulated. Experts recommend using polyurethane foam for this. As a result, the stainless pipe will be wrapped with this material, and on top with a polyethylene sheath. This will prevent it from freezing. Most often, this problem is observed at turns, joints, and that is why it is recommended to make the pipeline straight. If this is not possible, then high-risk areas should be properly insulated. In Europe, pipes are installed for heating electrical cable which warms the soil around them.Sewers must be designed in such a way that water flows smoothly. AT one-story house pipes are best laid under the floor, although this can also be done in a multi-story building.
If the internal and external sewerage there is a big difference in height, it is permissible to use an elbow to connect the pipes. It should have a turn of 30 degrees - this will ensure a smooth flow of water, which will reduce the likelihood of blockages and destruction of pipes.
- for a bathroom, shower, toilet, products with a diameter of 10-11 centimeters are needed;
- for the pool - 10-11 centimeters;
- for washbasin and kitchen sink- 5 centimeters;
- the drain riser should be at least equal to the diameter of other pipes, and even better - even exceed them, i.e. be 10-11 centimeters.
In order to increase the efficiency of pipe joints, they are coated at the joints with sealant or special glue. The receiving pipe is lubricated from the inside, and the incoming pipe is lubricated from the outside.
Not only the depth of the trench for the sewer is important, but also the angle of inclination of the pipes. This will allow for natural drainage, otherwise the water will drain slowly, which will eventually lead to blockages, or vice versa, too quickly, which will negatively affect the condition of the pipes and will require them to be replaced or repaired soon.
Regardless of the depth of the laying, the slope of the pipeline in the gravity sewer should be 2 centimeters per linear meter.
If it is difficult to determine what the depth of the sewer trench should be, then you can consult your neighbors about this. The absence or presence of problems with a certain depth of sewerage will help to make the right decision.
It is difficult for us to live without amenities, even being in a private house. We strive to provide maximum convenience, creating an optimal standard of living for our family. For this, it is very important to think over the issue of sewerage construction in advance.
When constructing a sewer with your own hands in a private country cottage, You can save money, but you need to carry out these works in accordance with construction and installation requirements.
Sewerage in the house involves the arrangement of external and internal sewerage.
Internal is piping, installation fan pipe and a stand.
The outer one includes a set of pipes running from the house to a septic tank or a deep cleaning station.
Scheme of internal sewerage
You need to choose a scheme based on the layout of each house. Perfect when everything plumbing equipment tied to one collector, through which the flow of water will pass.
In a large house, with several bathrooms, it is more correct to prefer such a scheme, in which there will be at least two cesspools or septic tanks. And in two-story house risers need to be installed.
How to draw up a sewerage scheme for a private house:
- make a house plan;
- determine the location of the risers;
- mark the locations of plumbing fixtures and determine how to connect them;
- depict the pipes going from the fittings and the riser to the plumbing, and all the elements of the connection;
- do this for each floor;
- determine the dimensions of the fan pipe and riser;
- sum the length of all inner pipes;
- at the final stage, draw up an external sewerage scheme.
How to choose sewer pipes
For external and internal sewage, different ones are used.
For laying pipes inside, PVC and gray color. For sunbeds and risers, pipes with a diameter of 110 mm are used, and for drains - 40 and 50 mm. Turns are made with two plastic knees bent at right angles.
Often, pipes for external sewerage have Orange color, diameter 110 mm and the required stiffness. Two-layer corrugated pipes can also be used.
Pipe properties
Cast iron:
- durable and strong, designed for heavy loads.
- expensive, heavy and brittle, corrosion of the interior can contribute to blockages.
Polypropylene:
- light and flexible, well withstand high water temperatures.
- there are no shortcomings.
PVC:
- inexpensive and lightweight, used for outdoor sewage.
- Fragile, do not tolerate high water temperatures well.
Pipe laying
The most serious process in the construction of sewerage in the house is the wiring and laying of pipes. At the end of the work, check the tightness of the system, and only then, proceed to its operation.
Pipe connection
Today, many types of revisions, tees, elbows and plastic pipes that connect easily. Joints can be treated with sealant. And in places where the pipe passes through the foundation, it is recommended to install a sleeve.
It is also important to remember about the slope of the pipes, which depends on its diameter, and is 2 - 3 cm per 1 m.
Sewer outlet
In order not to encounter a discrepancy between the internal and external sewers, start the installation of the sewer from the outlet,
It is mounted through the foundation deeper than the frost level. When setting the outlet higher, it will be necessary to insulate the pipe.
If you didn't think about it at the time, you will need to punch a hole in it, sufficient to install a drain pipe with a sleeve. A sleeve is a small piece of pipe with a diameter of 130-160 mm. It should protrude 15 cm from both sides of the foundation.
The diameter of the outlet must not be less than the diameter of the riser. A sleeve is needed to create a pipe slope.
Dilution of pipes and installation of a riser
It is ideal to place the riser in the toilet. It is mounted openly or hidden.
To connect sewer pipes with a riser, oblique tees are used, and at the joints of pipes that are different in diameter, adapters are used. At the intersection of pipes, it is necessary to install a collector having a diameter of 100-110 mm. Also install water seals that will protect you from unpleasant odors.
Installation of a special tee (revision) on each riser is required. With its help, it will be possible to clean the blockage. You can set the cleaning after each bend.
The riser is best located in the toilet of a private house Exhaust pipe outlet
Fan pipe functions:
- maintains atmospheric pressure inside the system;
- increases the durability of the sewer system;
- ventilates the entire sewerage system.
A fan pipe is called a continuation of the riser. This is a pipe leading to the roof. Before connecting the fan pipe and riser, it is important to install a revision. After that, the pipe is displayed at a convenient angle to the attic.
Do not combine a fan pipe with a chimney or ventilation at home. The outlet of the fan pipe must be located at a distance of 4 meters from windows and balconies. The height of the retreat from the roof should be 70 cm. It is also important to place on different levels sewer ventilation, house and chimney.
External sewerage at home
You can equip the sewer in the house in different ways, but it is very important to choose correct system that suits your needs.
It is necessary to choose an external sewage scheme taking into account the following:
- temporarily or permanently you live in the house;
- the number of people living;
- daily water consumption per person;
- ground water level;
- plot size;
- soil type and structure;
- climate.
For more detailed information, you should read the relevant chapters of SNiP and SanPin.
All external systems sewers are divided into two types:
- storage (cesspool, sealed container);
- structures for wastewater treatment ( single chamber septic tank, a septic tank with two overflowing wells, an aeration tank, a septic tank with a biofilter, a septic tank with several chambers and a filtration field).
Cesspool without a bottom
This is very old way sewer, which is now used exclusively as a country house.
In the cesspool, walls are made of rings of concrete or bricks, and the earth remains as the bottom. In the pit, relatively clean water seeps into the ground, and organic waste settles to the bottom.
When completely filled with waste, it needs to be cleaned.
It is possible to make such a cesspool if the house is not permanently inhabited and does not consume a lot of water. ground water at the same time, they must pass at least 1 m below the bottom of the pit, otherwise this will lead to contamination of soil water.
Adding microorganisms to the pit will slightly reduce the unpleasant odor and speed up the process of water purification.
Sealed storage tank
This option involves the installation of a sealed container into which water will drain. You can purchase a ready-made container made of metal or plastic, or you can make your own from concrete rings. The lid is made of metal, and the bottom is made of concrete. Important in construction storage tank is its complete tightness and insulated cover.
When filling the tank, it must be cleaned using a special sewage machine. The volume of the tank and the frequency of its cleaning depends on the water consumption.
This system can be used in high groundwater, so you secure water sources and soil. But its disadvantage is that you will need to call the sewer truck quite often.
Single chamber septic tank
This is a well, the bottom of which is sprinkled with a layer of rubble and coarse sand. Water seeping through them is purified by 50%. Along with mechanical cleaning, there are processes of biological cleaning.
It is not necessary to build such a sewer in a private house if people live in it permanently. This option can only be used when the groundwater level is low. It should be noted that gravel and sand need to be changed periodically.
With your own hands, a septic tank can be made of polypropylene, reinforced concrete rings, bricks or a bay of its walls and floor. At the same time, it is necessary to determine whether the post-treatment of wastewater will take place in the well field or in the filtration field. You also need to equip the system and carry out its hydro and thermal insulation.
Two-chamber septic tank
The most popular device in country house, economical and can be built by yourself.
It consists of two wells. The first has a sealed bottom, and the second does not, but is covered with rubble and sand, which will need to be replaced about once every five years.
The first well plays the role of a sump, and the second - a filter well. Periodically, the first well is filled with waste and to clean it you need to call a sewage truck about 2 times a year.
It is worth installing such a sewage system in the house, even if during the flood the groundwater level is below 1 m from the bottom of the second well. 
Soil and biological treatment - septic tank with filtration field
This type of septic tank is made in the form of a container, divided into sections connected by pipes.
The first container is needed for settling wastewater. The clarified water goes to the second section, where organic residues are decomposed by anaerobic bacteria. After the water goes to the filtration fields.
This is a vast underground area where soil sewage treatment takes place. If the soil in your area is sandy, then this perfect option. After that, the water is sent through pipelines to a well or drainage ditch.
Sometimes it is necessary to replace sand and gravel in the filtration field.
Natural treatment station - septic tank with biofilter
With its help, you can sewer at any level of groundwater.
Such a station is a container divided into 3-4 sections.
In the first, water is settled, in the second, organic residues are decomposed by anaerobic microorganisms. In the third, water is separated, and in the fourth, organic matter is decomposed by aerobic bacteria that live only under the condition of a constant air supply. To do this, a pipe rising above the ground is installed above the chamber. In the pipe leading from the third chamber to the fourth, there is a filter with aerobic bacteria. Purified water can be used for technical purposes. From the fourth chamber there is a pipe leading to a drainage ditch, or storage tank.
For country house with permanent residence, a septic tank with a biofilter is optimal solution. The disadvantage is that with a changeable residence, the bacteria will simply die.
Artificial cleaning station - septic tank with forced air supply
This is a fast cleaning installation, in which natural processes are artificially caused. A sewerage device using an aeration tank is impossible without a connection to it.
