Types of heating systems. Closed water heating system

In order to provide the necessary conditions for living in a dwelling during the cold winter period, a system is needed that would help maintain the desired temperature regime. The heating system is the most successful engineering solution to this problem. The heating system will help maintain comfortable conditions in the house throughout the entire cold period, but you should know what heating systems are in modern times.

Heating systems can vary based on different criteria. There are such main types of heating systems as: air heating, electric heating, water heating, water heated floors, and others. Undoubtedly, an important issue is the choice of the type of heating system for your home. The classification of heating systems includes many types. Let's consider the main ones, as well as compare the types of fuel for heating.

Water heating

Among the entire classification of heating systems, water heating is the most popular. The technical advantages of such heating have been identified as a result of many years of practice.

Undoubtedly, when asked what types of heating are available, it is water heating that comes to mind first. Water heating has such advantages as:

• Not very high surface temperature of various devices and pipes;
• Provides the same temperature in all rooms;
• Saves fuel;
• The operational terms have been increased;
• Quiet work;
• Easy to maintain and repair.

The main component of a hot water heating system is the boiler. Such a device is necessary in order to heat water. Water is a heat carrier in this form of heating. It circulates through closed-type pipes, and then the heat is transferred to various heating components, and from them the entire room is already heated.

The simplest option is natural circulation. Such circulation is achieved due to the fact that different pressures are observed in the circuit. However, such circulation can also be of a forced nature. For such a circulation, water heating options must be equipped with one or more pumps.

After the coolant passes through the entire heating circuit, it is completely cooled and returned back to the boiler. Here it heats up again and thus allows the heating devices to generate heat again.

Classification of hot water heating systems

The water type of heating can differ according to such criteria as:

• water circulation method;
• the location of the distribution-type highways;
• structural features of risers and the scheme according to which all heating devices are connected.

The most popular is the heating system, where water is circulated by means of a pump. Heating with water circulation of a natural plan has been used extremely rarely recently.

In a pumped heating system, heating of the coolant can also take place thanks to a hot-water boiler house, or thermal water that comes from a CHP. In a heating system, water can be heated even by steam.

A straight-through connection is used when a very high temperature water supply is acceptable in the system. Such a system will not be so expensive, the metal consumption will be somewhat less.

The disadvantage of the direct-flow connection is the dependence of the thermal regime on the "impersonal" temperature of the coolant in the supply heat pipe of the external type.

Air heating

These types of heating of various premises are considered one of the oldest. For the first time such a system was used even before our era. To date, such a heating system has become widespread - both in public buildings and industrial.

Heated air is also popular for heating buildings. In recirculation, this air can be supplied to the room, where it mixes with the indoor air and thus the air is cooled down to the room temperature and reheated.

Air heating can be local in nature if the building does not have central ventilation, or if the amount of air supplied is less than necessary.

In air heating systems, air is heated by air heaters. The primary heater for such components is hot steam or water. In order to warm up the air in the room, you can use other heating devices or any heat sources.

Local air heating

When asked what kind of heating is, local heating is often equated only to production premises. Local heating devices are used for such premises that are used only during certain periods, in premises of an auxiliary nature, in premises that are connected with external air currents.

The main devices of the local heating system are the fan and the heater. For air heating, devices and devices such as: air heating devices, heat fans or heat guns can be used. Such devices operate on the principle of air recirculation.

Central air heating is done in rooms of any plan, if the building has a central ventilation system. These types of heating systems can be organized according to three different schemes: with direct-flow recirculation, with partial or full recirculation. Full recirculation of air can be used mainly during non-working hours for on-duty types of heating, or to heat the room before the start of the working day.

However, heating according to such a scheme can take place if it does not contradict any fire safety rules or basic hygiene requirements. For such a heating scheme, a supply ventilation system should be used, but the air will not be taken from the street, but from those rooms that are heated. In the central air heating system, such constructive types of heating devices are used as: radiators, fans, filters, air ducts and other devices.

Air curtains

Cold air can come in large quantities from the street if the front doors of the house are opened too often. If nothing is done to limit the amount of cold air that enters the room, or not to heat it, then it can negatively affect the temperature regime, which must comply with the norm. To prevent this problem, you can create an air curtain in an open doorway.

At the entrances of residential or office buildings, you can install a low-height air-thermal curtain.

Limiting the amount of incoming cold air outside the building takes place due to a constructive change in the entrance to the room.

Air-thermal curtains of compact type have become more and more popular recently. The most effective curtains are considered to be of the "chibbing" type. These curtains create a jet air barrier that protects an open doorway from cold air currents. As a comparison of heating types shows, such a curtain can reduce heat losses by almost half.

Electric heating

The heating of the room takes place due to the distribution of air passing through the dashboard without heating its front side. This will completely protect against various burns and prevent any fire.

With electric convectors, you can heat any type of room, even if you have only one source of energy, such as electricity.

These types of building heating systems do not require large costs for installation or repair, moreover, they can provide maximum comfort. The electric convector can simply be placed in a specific place and connected to the mains supply. When choosing a heating system, you can pay attention to this type - quite effective.

Operating principle

Cold air, which is located in the lower part of the building, passes through the heating component of the convector. Then its volume increases and it goes up through the outlet grids. The heating effect also takes place due to the additional heat radiation from the front side of the electric convector panel.

The level of comfort and efficiency of such a heating system is achieved due to the fact that electric convectors use an electronic system that helps maintain a certain temperature. You just need to set the required temperature indicator and the sensor, which is installed in the lower area of ​​the panel, will begin after a specified period of time to determine the temperature of the air that enters the room. The sensor will send a signal to the thermostat, which in turn will connect or vice versa turn off the heating element. By means of such a system to maintain a certain temperature, which will make it possible to connect electric convectors in different rooms in order to heat the whole building.

Which system is better

Of course, the question of which heating system is better is impractical, since this or that system is effective under certain conditions. Comparison of heating systems should be made, taking into account all their pros and cons, focusing on the installation conditions and their own capabilities.

Having considered what heating systems exist, you can draw certain conclusions for yourself. But in general, the best option would be to consult with professionals.

A private house has always been the dream of every citizen of our country. All the advantages of this type of housing over multi-apartment houses can be listed for a very long time. The owner of a private house has much greater opportunities to optimize the cost of maintaining housing due to its autonomy.

With the use of modern energy-saving technologies, building materials and integrated heating systems, such costs can theoretically be reduced to a very small amount.

The modern market offers the consumer many types of heating systems for a private house, from traditional to advanced technology products. They are becoming more and more popular.

You can use any one type of heating system that is most suitable for a private house. Factors such as the climatic zone in which the house is located, the composition of the materials used in the construction of the building, economic feasibility, and many other reasons should be taken into account.

A very effective way to heat a house can be a combination of several types of heating systems.

The most widespread is water heating.

Advantages

1. You can use one or several heat sources. In terms of physical parameters, water transfers thermal energy well. Heating devices such as radiators release this heat by heating the air in the room.
2. Fuel versatility. There are many ways to heat water. You can heat the premises with wood or coal, purchase a boiler for liquid fuel, supply natural gas. Finally, it is possible to heat water using boilers powered by electricity.
3. Availability of materials and a wide range of products. It is easy to choose the most suitable option for heating devices (cast iron batteries, modern bimetallic radiators, convectors and other devices). A large selection of pipes made of various materials (iron, copper, polypropylene, metal-plastic, etc.) will allow you to create a heating system in accordance with any budget.

Water heating can be connected both from centralized networks, and it can be done autonomously. According to the version of the water heating system, there are:

a) Single-tube. The radiators are connected in series.

b) Two-pipe. In this case, the radiators are supplied in parallel between the supply and return lines.

c) Collector or otherwise. All heating devices are powered from a common distributor called a manifold.

disadvantages

The disadvantages of hot water heating are also common knowledge. This is a high susceptibility to corrosion and oxidation processes, uneven heating of radiators in some cases, rather large losses during heat transport. In emergency situations, a coolant leak may occur.

Also, such a system requires compliance with the temperature regime. In subzero temperatures, it is necessary to completely drain the coolant from the networks in order to exclude their freezing.

Air heating

This type of private house heating system deserves attention for use due to its versatility. The air heated in heat exchangers can be supplied both to a separate room and throughout the building.

With air heating, the house warms up very quickly and becomes suitable for a comfortable stay. Before the advent and introduction of water heating, heating by hot air supplied through air ducts was widely used in our country. It proved to be most effective when using buildings with large living areas.

Pros of using air heating:

1. Economical and efficient heat delivery. There is no intermediate medium (recall, its role in water heating is played by water or other liquid), no additional heating devices are needed.
2. Easy and quick start-up. Such heating cannot leak, flood an expensive interior, or freeze.
3. High efficiency and durability. With proper maintenance, accidents are minimized. Air heating equipment has been working reliably for decades.
4. A high level of integration with ventilation systems, which has a positive effect on reducing the cost of work and materials, as well as in the simplicity and environmental benefits of installation.

Electricity

Separately, it is worth mentioning about electric heating. The very word "electricity" has become a part of our everyday life. The area of ​​electricity use in the world is approaching one hundred percent.

Therefore, as an option, you can use heating systems that run entirely on electricity. In some cases, it may be advisable to install, for example, electric underfloor heating, heated towel rails in bathrooms, small radiators.

However, electricity is constantly growing in price, and this factor must be taken into account when installing electric heating devices rationally. It is also especially important to observe electrical safety measures, to install such equipment with the help of qualified specialists.

Alternative heating options

With a constant increase in energy prices, they are steadily advancing alternativetypes of heating systems of a private house. Of course, they cannot fully replace the traditional methods of heating a private house, but they can significantly reduce costs.

In regions where the number of sunny days is large enough, it is increasingly possible to observe installed on the roofs of country and private houses solar panels. Sunlight is an inexhaustible source of energy, and allows you to use converted electricity for many years.

Electricity, in turn, is used as power for heating heating elements. The only drawback of this type of energy production is the high cost of the elements, but over time the costs pay off.

Solar energy can also be "canned" and used with solar collector. Its principle of operation is based on heating a radiator exposed to the sun, connected to a large-volume container. The sun's rays heat the water in the radiator, which in turn gives off heat to the container.

This method allows you to heat water for use as a heat carrier in heating systems. The greatest effect is achieved when using vacuum collectors. Inside such radiators there are flasks with evacuated air, thus the "thermos" effect is achieved.

Wind turbines

It is clear that it will not work to directly use the force of the wind to heat the house. But on the other hand, by installing a "wind turbine" you can get free electricity, which is subsequently directed to various needs, including for powering heating systems. In regions where winds are especially frequent, this method of obtaining energy will be the most efficient. Again, as in the case of solar panels, everything depends on the cost of batteries, converters and electric generators.

Heat pump

This is a type of heating system that will help to significantly reduce the cost of heating a private house. Its principle of operation is reminiscent of the design of refrigeration chambers or air conditioners. Such a device can siphon heat energy from potential heat sources that do not have a high temperature. They can be soil or water.

Such a system requires power supply with electrical energy, but at the output it can produce heat many times more than the resources spent on its operation. A significant disadvantage of the heat pump is its cumbersomeness and complexity in installation.

In conclusion of this review, the following should be noted. The greatest efficiency in heating your own home is shown by the method in which the result is achieved at minimal cost, in comparison with other methods.

Therefore, it is impossible to speak with confidence about the advantages of one method of heating housing over another. In places where natural gas is widely used, it is foolish to install solid fuel boilers as the main source of heating.

First of all, in choosing the best way to heat your home, you need to consider the appropriateness. To summarize, we can draw the following conclusion - in the overwhelming majority of cases, only two energy sources are conventionally used for the operation of heating devices:

a) Energy obtained by combustion of various fuels, which further heats the coolant;

b) Electric energy, with the help of which heating installations, air and / or heating devices are heated.

But the methods and techniques for obtaining the result can be counted in dozens. Therefore, most often, savings can be achieved by combining different methods of obtaining energy using various types of heating. All the nuances and costs require careful calculations. After all, the owner will support his home at his own expense.

The general principle of operation of all water heating systems is the same: the coolant is heated in the boiler and moves through the pipes to the radiators, gives off heat to the room, and then returns to the boiler. Moreover, circulation can be natural or forced. It all depends on what sets the coolant in motion. In the first case it is gravity, in the second it is a pump.

Natural circulation systems

Systems with natural circulation, due to their characteristics, are more suitable only for houses with a total area of ​​up to 200 sq. m, or rooms with few thermal circuits. In addition, they will need large diameter pipes (at least 40-50 mm). Moreover, they are laid at an angle to the horizontal plane so that the water flows under the influence of its own weight. Such systems are difficult to regulate, but they are independent of the power supply.

Forced circulation systems

Forced circulation systems are suitable for houses and objects of any size, they are easy to regulate and are more efficient in heat transfer. A great advantage is the comfort from operation (the ability to maintain the required temperature in each room). They can use small diameter pipes. In such a system, there is less temperature difference between feeding and processing, which increases the life of the boiler. The only drawback is the need for an uninterruptible power supply.

Also, heating systems are open and closed.:

In the first case, an open expansion tank is used to compensate for the expansion of the coolant (water or antifreeze) in the heating system. In the second, a closed membrane tank is used.

In an open system, the expansion vessel must be installed at the highest point in the system. In a closed one - there is no need to place the membrane tank at the top.

A closed diaphragm tank system has many advantages over an open one. Here are the main ones: the tank can be located near the boiler, there is no need to pull and insulate the pipe to the attic, pressure is created in the entire system, which contributes to the uniform operation of all radiators, there is no vapor or liquid evaporation. Open systems are rarely used these days.

Types of piping in heating systems

According to the type of pipeline design, systems are divided into one-pipe and two-pipe systems. One-pipe systems are different:

With a lower wiring (popularly often called Leningrad), when the heating pipeline passes through the whole house or object in a circle, returning to the boiler. The heating devices are hooked onto the heating lounger; sometimes the pipeline runs directly through the batteries.

Sometimes such a system is used on several floors, making its own contour for each floor. Plus Leningrad: a small number of pipes, no risers, you can position the system without spoiling the design (when there is no way to hide the pipes). Minus the large diameter of the pipes, uneven heat distribution (the first devices are hot, the last ones are cold), the inability to regulate the system.

Second type of one-pipe systems - with upper wiring (called the Moscow system), when the heating pipe passes through the top of the room and returns to the boiler through the bottom. The batteries sit on risers that connect supply and handling. Plus, such a system is able to work without electricity, the temperature uniformity across the batteries is achieved using different pipe diameters and the thermal calculation of the number of sections (moreover, the number of sections in the same rooms will differ, and depend on many characteristics).

Minus systems, the complexity of accurate adjustment of the system, risers and heating loungers violate the design (if it is not possible to hide it in the walls). In Siberia, we have a frequently used scheme in private houses (many of our clients use this particular scheme if there is a power outage).

Two-pipe heating systems are also of several types: collector or fan-shaped piping. Often it is also called beam or cupboard. This system is most popular in cottages and buildings. The meaning of the collector system is that on each floor there is one or more cabinets with collectors, and already from these collectors supply and processing pipelines go to each heating device.

Beam floor wiring

It happens when all the collectors are assembled in the boiler room. Advantages of fan wiring: each device can be separately turned off or adjusted by temperature, all pipelines can be laid in the floor, the system does not spoil the design of the premises, it is easy to calculate when designing, the ability to automate the system. Cons: More pipes, higher system costs. Sequential two-pipe system.

Often the classic two-pipe heating system with bottom piping in apartment buildings. Heating pipelines are laid under the ceiling of the basement floor (in a false ceiling or open) or in the construction of the basement floor, heating pipes are connected to them, which provide heating devices with a coolant.

It is advisable to design this scheme when heating large country houses (from 1500 sq. M.), If there is an operation service. The advantage of this scheme is that only heating devices are in the living quarters, there are no cabinets, the floor screed is reduced (no space is needed for laying heating pipelines), in terms of material, relative to the collector circuit, it is more profitable. Since this is a two-pipe scheme, the temperature difference on the device is constant, and if desired, each device can be turned off to replace it without stopping the entire heating system of a country house.

Differential pressure regulators (balancing taps) are often installed in the places where the drain connects to the mains (on the basement) - they can create high local resistance and hydraulically level all the risers in the building. One of the varieties of a two-pipe sequential system is a floor heating system.

The meaning of this system is as follows - a riser is raised from the boiler, and on each floor around the perimeter of the house, heating lines are laid with sequential connection of heating devices to them. The main criterion by which this scheme is used is that the pipelines are located at the outer wall of the house and do not interfere with anyone or anything, and the ease of installation - all pipelines are near the floor, construction work is minimized (no strobes, niches for built-in cabinets), it is possible to turn it off each floor separately, not expensive to install scheme (relative to the closet).

In addition to sequential and radial pipe routing, in our work we often come across a "combined" type of pipe routing. It is used in the case when several radiators are powered by radial wiring for one collector ring. As a rule, these radiators are located in close proximity to each other (in the same room).

Or a combined collector type when distribution manifolds for supply and treatment are installed in the boiler room, and then the pipelines diverge along the circuits (to different rooms or even different objects) This system is effective in large cottages and buildings where there are many different heating circuits or several rooms. The ability to adjust different temperatures in different rooms, an inexpensive system to install.

If a country house is designed not only for the periodic arrival of its owners during the summer season, but for their long or even permanent residence in it, then you cannot do without a heating system. This issue is always carefully thought out even at the design stage of construction or reconstruction, it is taken into account when buying ready-made housing.

This question is extremely serious, requiring scrupulous consideration of all available conditions: the periods of future operation of the building, the climatic zone of the area, the availability of power supply lines, utilities, building design features, the total estimated cost of implementing a particular project. And yet, more often than not, homeowners come to the conclusion that the best solution would be a closed-type water heating system in a private house.

This publication will consider basic principles closed system, its differences from the covered one, the existing advantages and disadvantages. Attention will be drawn to the main elements of such a system with recommendations for their choice, typical wiring diagrams of the heating internal building network are given.

Closed heating system in a private house - the main features

A private house can be heated in different ways.

• For a long time, the main source of heat was one or several stoves (fireplaces), each of which heated a particular section of the building. The disadvantages of this approach are obvious - uneven heating, the need to carry out regular heating, monitor the combustion process, etc.

Stove heating is already "yesterday"

Currently, this type of heating is used less and less, and as a rule - when it is absolutely impossible or completely inexpedient to use another, more efficient system.

• An electric heating system using convectors or oil radiators is extremely expensive to operate due to the high price of electricity and its high consumption.

True, alternative methods appear, in the form of film infrared elements, but they have not yet gained wide popularity.

• Most of the owners of private houses still use water heating. This is a proven efficient system, which, by the way, can operate on almost all sources of energy - natural gas, liquid or solid fuel, electricity, which determines its complete versatility - the only difference is in the type of heating boiler. A well-calculated and correctly installed hot water heating system ensures an even distribution of heat throughout all rooms and is easy to adjust.

Not so long ago, the main scheme for organizing water heating in a private house was open with the gravitational principle of moving the coolant through pipes and radiators. Compensation for the thermal expansion of water was due to the presence of a leaky one, which was installed at the highest point of the entire circuit of the heating system. The openness of the tank, of course, is causes constant evaporation of water, so there is a need for constant monitoring of its required level.

The movement of the coolant through the pipes is ensured in this case by the difference in the density of cold and heated water - the denser cold water, as it were, pushes the hot water forward. To facilitate this process, an artificial slope of the pipes is created along their entire length, otherwise the effect of hydrostatic head may occur.

It is quite possible to embed a circulation pump into an open system - this will dramatically increase its efficiency. In this case, a valve system is provided so that it is possible to switch from forced circulation to natural circulation and vice versa if necessary, for example, in case of power outages.

The closed system has a slightly different structure. Instead of an expansion tank, a sealed membrane or balloon type expansion tank is installed on the pipe. It absorbs all thermal fluctuations in the volume of the coolant, maintaining one pressure level in a closed system.

The main difference between a closed system is the presence of a sealed expansion tank

V currently this the system is the most popular as it has many significant advantages.

Advantages and disadvantages of a closed heating system

• First of all, there is no evaporation of the coolant. This gives one important advantage - you can use in this capacity not only water, but also antifreeze. Therefore, the possibility of freezing the system is eliminated during forced interruptions in its operation, for example, if it is necessary to leave the house for a long time in winter.
• The expansion tank can be positioned virtually anywhere in the system. Usually, they provide for a place directly in the boiler room, in the immediate vicinity of the heating device. This makes the system compact. An open-type expansion tank is often located at the highest point - in an unheated attic, which will require its mandatory thermal insulation. In a closed system, this problem does not exist.
• Forced circulation in a closed system ensures heating of the premises much faster from the moment the boiler starts up. There is no unnecessary loss of heat energy in the area of ​​the expansion tank.
• The system is flexible - you can adjust the heating temperature in each specific room, selectively turn off some sections of the general circuit.
• There is no such significant difference in the temperature of the coolant at the inlet and outlet - and this significantly increases the terms of trouble-free operation of the equipment.
• For heating distribution, pipes of a much smaller diameter can be used than in an open system with natural circulation without any loss of heating efficiency. And this is a significant simplification of installation work, and significant savings in material resources.
• The system is sealed, and with proper filling and normal operation of the valve system, there simply should be no air in it. This will eliminate the appearance of air locks in pipelines and radiators. In addition, the lack of access to oxygen contained in the air does not allow active development of corrosive processes.

In a closed heating system, you can also include "warm floors"

• The system is highly versatile: in addition to conventional heating radiators, it is possible to connect water “warm floors” or convectors hidden in the floor surface. Such a heating system is easily connected to a heating circuit for domestic water - through an indirect heating boiler.

There are few disadvantages of a closed heating system:

• The expansion tank must have a larger volume than with an open system - this is due to the peculiarity of its internal design.
• Requires mandatory installation the so-called "security group"- safety valve systems.
• The correct operation of a closed forced circulation heating system depends on the continuity of the power supply. It is possible, of course, to envisage, as with the open type, switching to natural circulation, but this will require a completely different arrangement of pipes, which can reduce a number of the main advantages of the system to zero (for example, the use of "warm floors" is completely excluded). In addition, the heating efficiency will also drop sharply. Therefore, if natural circulation can be considered, then only as an "emergency", but most often a closed system is planned and installed specifically for the use of a circulation pump.

The main elements of a closed heating system

So, the general closed-type heating system for a private house includes:

- heating device - boiler;

- circulation pump;

- piping system for transferring the coolant;

- Expansion expansion tank of sealed type;

- heating radiators installed in the premises of the house, or other heat transfer devices ("warm floors" or convectors);

- safety group - valve system and air vents;

- the necessary shut-off valves;

- in some cases - additional automatic monitoring and control devices that optimize the operation of the system.

Heating boiler

• The most widespread are. If a gas main is laid to the house or there is a real opportunity to lay it, then most owners have no alternative to give preference to just this method of heating the coolant.

Gas boilers are the best solution if there is a possibility of their installation

Gas boilers are distinguished by high efficiency, ease of operation, reliability and efficiency in terms of payment for energy carriers. Their disadvantage is the need to coordinate the installation project with the relevant organizations, since very special safety requirements are imposed on such a heating system.

The variety of gas boilers is very large - you can choose a floor-standing or wall-mounted model, with one or two circuits, simple in the device, or rich in electronics, requiring connection to a stationary chimney or equipped with a coaxial combustion product exhaust system.

• They are usually installed in those conditions when gas supply to the house is impossible for some reason. Such an installation will not require approval - the main thing is that the requirements for electrical safety and the compliance of the boiler's power with the capabilities of the electrical network are met. Such heating devices are distinguished by their compactness, simplicity and ease of adjustment.

Heating systems with electric boilers have a well-established reputation for being “uneconomical” due to the relatively high cost of electricity. This is only partly true - modern electric heating devices, thanks to new technologies for heating water, have a very high efficiency, and with reliable insulation, houses should not burden the budget too much.

In addition to the familiar boilers with heating elements (which are really not very economical), modern developments are actively used.

"Battery" of three electrode boilers

For example, they are widely used in which heating is carried out due to the flow of alternating current directly through the coolant (however, this will require a specially selected chemical composition of water in the system). By themselves, such boilers are inexpensive, but there are certain problems with regulation.

Induction boiler - unpretentious and very economical

With the advent of the cold season, most owners of country cottages or small country houses have a question related to efficient and at the same time economical heating of all premises of their home.

This article will consider different types of heating systems for a private house with all the advantages and disadvantages. Based on the material considered, it will be possible to make the right decision regarding the optimal choice of the one that will be most appropriate for certain living conditions.

Before delving into all the intricacies of each of the heating systems, you should pay attention to the distinguishing features of a worthy option for high-quality home heating. These must necessarily include:

- reliability;

- efficiency;

- compactness;

- availability.

In each individual case, it is worth weighing all the positive and negative aspects of all types of heating in order to ultimately make the right decision.

Types of heating systems for a private house

For heating all rooms of the house, as a rule, the following systems are used:

1) working by transferring heat energy by means of preheated air (it is supplied through specially equipped channels directly to every room, bath, kitchen, etc.);

2) creating comfortable living conditions due to the use of electric heating devices or devices designed to convert electricity into heat;

3) carrying out high-quality heating of the house due to the coolant circulating in them (ordinary or distilled water or antifreeze is used as it).

You can build stove heating or build a fireplace, but for the correct arrangement of such buildings, you need to have certain skills in order not only to perform work related to masonry, but also to correctly calculate all the distances between structural elements. As a rule, few people will be able to do this on their own. But even if the house has a stove or fireplace, such heating will not be effective, since it can only be used to heat those rooms in which such heat sources are located. In other places of the house, for example, in the bathroom, it will always be cold. For this reason, consideration of this option can be skipped.

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Why make a start when choosing a suitable heating? Priority should be given to the most affordable type of fuel. For example, if there is a gas pipeline nearby, then you do not have to ask additional questions. All you need is:

- draw up all the documents necessary for connection;

- purchase pipes, gas meter, etc .;

- carry out work related to digging a trench (if the gas pipeline will have to be laid underground);

- connect a heating boiler using this type of fuel and connect pipes and batteries to it.

If there is a lot of firewood nearby (we are talking about rural areas), then you can purchase a solid fuel boiler, etc.

But there are times when several fuels may be available at once. What to do then? The right decision would be to choose a heating system that operates on the most economical option.

Air heating

Its essence is as follows. Passing through a heater or heat exchanger, fresh air is heated to the required temperature, after which it is supplied to every room of the house through specially mounted channels.

The advantages of air heating:

- efficiency can reach 90%;

- quick warming up of all rooms, kitchen, bathroom, etc .;

- the impossibility of the formation of pipeline breaks due to the lack of coolant.

Disadvantages of air heating:

- weak heat transfer;

- high cost of arrangement;

- it is necessary to equip an additional room for the heat source.

This type of heating is suitable for occasional use (for example, in the country). If, with its help, you constantly heat the house, it will be fraught with high costs.

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Heating a private house with electricity

It can be either basic or additional. Heating occurs due to the conversion of electrical energy into a thermal component by means of tubular or spiral type electric heaters.

Heating with electricity advantages:

- ease of installation;

- the possibility of transporting heaters from one room to another;

- ease of use.

Heating with electricity disadvantages:

- high costs for space heating due to the high cost of electricity;

- the need for a fresh portion of clean air due to the combustion of oxygen inside the building with devices of this type (the premises need to be frequently ventilated);

- the impossibility of fulfilling the assigned tasks in the absence of power supply or its frequent interruptions.

Heating a country house with heating devices powered by electric energy can be justified in very small buildings with good insulation of the floor, facade and ceiling, or as additional heating for large houses.

Use of a coolant

Most often, it is these systems that are used for high-quality and high-grade heating of country houses, regardless of their size. Most often, closed systems are mounted. To equip them correctly, you will need the following devices, devices and materials:

1) gas or electric or solid fuel (or liquid fuel) boiler;

2) heating devices (radiators, batteries, etc.) connected to the system using pipes of appropriate diameters;

3) pipes, thanks to which the process of supplying the heated coolant from the boiler to the batteries and vice versa is carried out;

4) a circulation pump with the characteristics necessary for the trouble-free operation of the entire system, regardless of the number of storeys in the building;

5) closed expansion tank, etc.

Using the coolant advantages:

- this type of heating can be equipped with your own hands;

- cost savings when using plain water;

- in closed circuits, there is practically no need for constant replenishment of a fresh portion of the coolant, since it does not evaporate as it happens in systems with an open expansion tank.