All owners of private houses are thinking about arranging communication and other life support systems. Sewer wells must be present in every house, so it is necessary to study the device and the intricacies of operating such structures.

Peculiarities

Any drainage system must have a sewer well or chamber. Such equipment should be located at the entrance to the septic tank, which is located on a suburban area. Also, sewer facilities have a different name - a wet or drainage well.

Sewerage of an autonomous type is a complex standard design of an engineering system, the installation of which will require plumbing and construction knowledge. A key component of every autonomous sewer is a special well.

The system should have several wells:

• lookout;
• turning;
• well for household waste;
• well for rain water.

The owner of a country estate should understand the features and differences of each type of structure.

Features of the creation of sewer wells are described in the sanitary and technical standards of SNiP. The documents describe the location of the wells, the implementation of markings and the need for preliminary preparation.

Features of arrangement according to SNiP are as follows:

• before work, you need to decide where the well will be located;
• on the ground, markup will be required;
• trees with shrubs that interfere with construction work must be uprooted;
• to the construction site it is necessary to ensure easy passage of equipment;
• a detailed scheme will be required, which is agreed with the water utility and neighbors.

The following technical requirements are imposed on sewer wells:

• observation structures should be located in increments of 30-40 m if the diameter of the hatch is 15 cm, or 50 m - with a diameter of 20 cm;
• on each pipeline bend, as well as in the places where the branch pipe branches, there must be rotary-type wells;
• in places where the diameter of the pipes changes or there is a sharp slope, an overflow well will be required;
• there must be a minimum distance of 3 m between the storage well and the dwelling;
• the diameter of a modern sewage well can be 40-70 cm, auxiliary pipes are allowed for the outlet.

Device and purpose

Storage wells are needed only for autonomous sewage. Difference-type structures are used during the connection of home sewage to the central highway. Rotary and viewing structures can be installed in an autonomous system or pipeline, which is connected to public highways.

Filtration wells can be used to drain clean water that does not contain harmful substances (for a storm system, drains from showers or baths).

Water filtration from washing machines and dishwashers is not allowed, as the composition of the liquid contains aggressive components.

The height of home wells should not be more than 2.5 m. The diameter of the ring can be one meter. Since the soil can have a different composition, the dimensions of the well cannot be accurately determined. If a volume of one meter is not enough, then a second structure should be installed nearby using an overflow pipe.

Sewer wells can have any shape. There are round, rectangular, square types of structures. The device of trays can consist of concrete rings, bricks or ready-made plastic containers.

The structure of a sewer well is any form in which the following components are present:

• tray;
• base;
• working chamber;
• neck;

At the heart of the technical design there is a tray, which is made of M200 concrete using formwork. The use of bricks, rubble stones or reinforced concrete blocks is allowed.

In the configuration of the inspection shaft, there are usually some working items.

• Reinforced frame, which may have a square section or a round shape. Inside there should be a ladder structure.
• Floor slab, in which there is a hole for the hatch.
• Working hatch. It may be round or square in shape. On the outside there should be a designation that shows the type of well.
• Reinforced concrete is used as the main material for the reinforcing frame. The assembly of the part is carried out using a concrete ring. The bottom is a round plate.
• The bottom of the well can be filled with a solution of concrete, which enters the base of the formwork.
• There should be a cover on top of the structure.

Hatches can be made from several materials:

• cast iron;
• become;
• polymer.

A steel hatch is the most durable option. If the manhole type is located on a high traffic road, metal or cast iron parts are recommended.

Kinds

There are several types of wells, which differ in their purpose and functions.

Lookout

The second name of such a well is revision, control. It is created to access communication lines that are underground. Pipes with collectors of the drainage system are replaced by conventional trays. This type of construction is optimal for places where there is a change in direction, slope or diameter, as well as at the junction in elongated and straight sections. The well allows you to check the need to clean the sewer.

Turning

If there is an angle or turn on the line that exceeds 45 degrees, equipment for a rotary well will be required. It is also necessary at the junctions and branching of the grid. At the same time, such a structure can be used as an observation structure.

perepadnoy

Used for piping joins that may vary in depth. With the help of differential structures, sewer pipes can be connected above the tray.

The well is intended for the following purposes:

• combining sewer outlet with deep laying collectors;
• to bypass places where underground structures intersect;
• to eliminate high sewage velocities that occur due to the high slope on the site.

distribution

Distribution wells are used in stormwater treatment systems to control storm and melt flows. In addition to this structure, the system consists of a sand separator, a sorption filter, an oil and petrol separator and a well for collecting samples.

The distribution structure is a container in the form of a glass-reinforced cylinder with an inlet. The mouth should be tightly closed with a lid.

There are several holes in the case:

• for receiving water;
• openings to drain fluid.

All holes are located at different levels.

The facility operates on the principle of a simple throughput of surface water, followed by purification and disposal in normal operation. The well is entrusted with the task, which lies in the ability to carry out activities in an extreme mode.

The device is able to function uninterruptedly with massive inflows of excess water from the storm drain, directing the liquid into the outlet pipe. Through it, water goes to reserve settling tanks or ponds for drainage.

The design is simple, so the well is always freely available for routine maintenance.

overflow

Overflow wells are also called overflow septic tanks. They are several storage tanks that are connected using bypass type pipes at the top level. The structure is created to collect sewage. Impurities of an insoluble nature accumulate at the bottom of the first drive. The purified liquid flows down inclined pipes into the next tank.

The system separates the solid and liquid phases of sewage.

Overflow wells differ in that they do not need auxiliary equipment and electricity.

Cumulative

Storage structures are a modern and environmentally friendly version of a cesspool.

The building has a significant list of advantages:

• the volume of the tank can reach 2-50 thousand liters, so you can choose a product for any purpose;
• such wells do not contribute to the pollution of the site;
• there is no unpleasant odor near the sewer.

Often, users prefer underground wells, which increase the aesthetic qualities of the territory.

Manufacturing materials

Such materials are used in production.

Polymer

Polymer wells are the most common variations of such devices. Some users use non-traditional methods for their production, which consist in the use of automotive rubber. This method is considered the simplest and least expensive. However, this solution does not differ in tightness and long service life.

Plastic

Plastic is the simplest and most durable raw material for arranging wells. On sale there are ready-made models of polymers, you can also create such a structure with your own hands. This will require the use of a corrugated pipe and a plastic plate. Construction requires little expense along with certain skills.

Advantages of plastic:

• small mass;
• high level of reliability and durability;
• replaceability of the lower tray;
• all elements are sealed;
• can be ordered in any size.

Disadvantages:

• high price;
• specified placement depth;
• often plastic is a non-separable product.

Collapsible models are endowed with versatility, since the depth can increase or decrease. Most often, plastic wells are used as turning or viewing structures. However, due to tightness, such structures can be used instead of a water collector. Liquid is pumped out using a pumping station.

Reinforced concrete

Reinforced concrete is a classic material for arranging sewers. Construction is made of concrete rings with further processing of all joints with sealant. Such cesspools are highly functional.

Benefits include the following criteria:

• universal characteristics;
• long service life, which exceeds 50 years;
• fast installation;
• high strength indicators;
• reliability of the material;
• affordable price range.

Disadvantages:

• large mass;
• installation will require the use of a winch and other special equipment.

Such reservoirs are often used as viewing structures with a significant depth of the pipeline. Due to high-quality sealing, concrete products can play the role of water collectors.

Arrangement

Before construction work, it will be necessary to make calculations of the required volume, as well as determine the location of the well. When making calculations, you need to take into account the total number of bathrooms and people who live in the house. The volume of the well depends on the amount of water used.

If the structure is created for home use, then the height should be 2-2.5 meters. To determine the required diameter, you will need to know the volume. The volume of the tank should provide for a reserve of one and a half months.

For calculations, the formula is used:

V = L x 3.14 x R2.

V is the water consumption per month;

L is the height of the structure;

R is the value of the radius squared.

To find the radius, you need to take the square root of V / (3.14 x L).

To calculate the diameter of the section of the well, you will need to double the radius.

Installation of a sewer well from reinforced concrete rings

Concrete rings are in high demand in utilities that maintain and lay underground pipelines. They are also used to create drainage and storm sewer systems, collectors. Such material has no analogues in its field.

Due to its high performance, reinforced concrete can be used in any climatic conditions. Due to the large list of advantages, concrete wells are very popular.

Advantages of concrete rings for wells:

• affordable price category;
• installation efficiency;
• ease of waterproofing;
• high level of strength;
• long service life;
• the correctness of geometric shapes;
• the rings fit snugly to each other, the remaining gaps are easily eliminated, so the sealing is at a high level.

Concrete rings also have disadvantages:

• low resistance to splitting;
• rings are prone to cracking;
• installation and transportation can be carried out only with the help of specialized equipment;
• heavy weight requires shipping and installation costs.

To build a sewer well from concrete rings with your own hands, you will need to perform a number of activities.

• It is necessary to develop a scheme in which all calculations and the amount of materials will be displayed.
• Excavation equipment will be required, which consists in excavating a hole according to the required parameters.
• After creating the pit, it is necessary to perform work with the bottom of the structure.
• Implementation of the installation of the first ring, which is seated on a solution of concrete.
• The pipe is inserted into the hole ring.
• All cracks that are present at the joints should be tightly covered with sealant.
• The rest of the rings are mounted in such a way that the locks coincide in their position. All cracks at the joints are also treated with sealant.
• A concrete slab with a hatch is laid on top of the resulting structure.

Arrangement of brick wells

To equip a brick well, you need to have certain skills and knowledge, since it is necessary to carry out measures to install the frame and other structures, as well as work on the external and internal design of the well. The work uses only red brick or natural stone.

As a connecting material, a cement mortar is used, which is made from river sand. Also, to create a well, you will need brackets, a round frame, fittings and anchors.

Below is a step-by-step guide to arranging a brick well.

• After the dimensions and volume of the structure have been calculated, markings of the future pit will be required.
• If the pit is small in size, then it can be dug manually or you can turn to the services of an excavator.
• At the bottom of the formed pit, a formwork is arranged, which is poured with cement mortar. The layer thickness should be 20 cm.
• The solution should cool down for a week. Periodically it should be moistened with water.
• Then you can start laying walls on a cement mortar.

• The formed walls must be plastered with a cement mortar.
• After polymerization, the process of ironing the plaster is carried out.
• The formation of the bottom is carried out on the basis of the purpose of the structure.
• Then it is necessary to waterproof the dried layer of plaster. To do this, the inner surface of the well is covered with mastic or hot bitumen.
• Pipes are inserted into prepared holes. Gaps should be sealed with silicone.
• The gaps that are present between the pit and the walls should be filled up.
• Ventilation is provided in the drain wells, for the creation of which a plastic pipe is used. A fungus should be put on the pipe.
• The edge of the structure is covered with earth. The base of the well should rise 10 cm above the soil.

Lining

The lining of a sewer well is the equipment of the structure with an auxiliary protective layer of polypropylene or polymers. This layer provides protection against the harmful effects of external stimuli. In autonomous sewers, lining is considered a mandatory measure.

With the help of the lining, it is possible to protect the structure from mechanical loads, the effects of chemical reagents, temperature changes and physical pressure.

This is the most advanced way to waterproof a well, since polyethylene panels have all the necessary characteristics.

The implementation of the technology is carried out with the help of acid-resistant means, which are a cylinder. The element reduces the harmful effect on the substrate, eliminating contact with aggressive substances on the well. Lining with the help of sewer spraying is also in demand.

Special preparations are made from PVC, polypropylene and polyethylene. In some cases, the use of fluoroplast or concrete products is allowed. Concrete panels are poured with concrete mortar and mounted on the formwork or directly into the working environment.

During the laying process, mounting profiles and anchors should be used. The installation involves extrusion welding, which cannot be done by hand, so most users use plastic rings. They are mounted in rings made of concrete and polyethylene. The thickness of the walls is about 2-8 mm.

Installation of devices is accompanied by the following activities:

• complete drying of the well;
• washing walls;
• to eliminate defects, it is necessary to use a solution of cement;
• adhesive is applied;
• panels made of polypropylene or polyethylene are installed on the adhesive base;
• sheets should be in close contact with each other;
• a solution is applied for the next level;
• joints are soldered using a building hair dryer;
• The event ends with a leak test.

Service

Sewer wells should be monitored and timely serviced. In some cases, repairs may be required. Most often, depressurization of the seams is observed. To seal the seams, you can use a cement mortar, which is kneaded on the basis of PVC glue.

In work, you should use a brush for working with metal, a hammer, a spatula and a sealing compound.

Troubleshooting a depressurization consists of several steps, described below.

• First you need to remove the remnants of the old solution. The seams will need to be dusted so that the new solution is qualitatively fixed on the base.
• The prepared seam is lubricated with a solution. If the seams are large, you need to dig the soil next to the well and finish the outside.
• Then you need to create a waterproofing layer. For this, bituminous mastic is used.

Ring displacement is also common. Partial dismantling of the structure will be required to carry out repair work. It is necessary to release the rings and reassemble, fastening with metal brackets. Installation of elements is carried out on the solution. Pumping is used as a service.

Regular pumping allows you to extend the life of facilities, eliminates the accumulation of debris in the sewer, as well as the formation of unpleasant odors.

Cleaning is carried out in several ways:

• vacuum;
• water breaker;
• with the help of chemical reagents;
• thermal.

The first two methods involve contacting specialists. The last options can be done with your own hands.

After the sewer is cleared, manual processing will be required. By following this rule, you can be sure of the maximum result.

How to make a drainage sewer well, see the video.

Sewerage wells are a necessary thing in every urban area. Without sewerage, there would simply be nowhere for wastewater to go. Today, the arrangement of sewer wells has been worked out to the smallest detail and is enshrined in SNiP. This document contains the standards for arranging a tank for accumulating water and carrying out installation work. The places where sewage pits can be placed are also documented. Regardless of where the structure is located, its arrangement must be carried out in accordance with established rules.

What is sewerage made of?

The device of a sewer well is an urgent issue when carrying out construction work or arranging a sewer system in a certain area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe area. The structure of the sewer well involves the following parts:

1. The bottom of the tank is the lower part of the entire device that comes into direct contact with wastewater.
2. The shaft is a part of a structure almost two meters long, an internal cavity in which, as a rule, repairs are carried out.
3. The working chamber is a part of the system in which repair work is carried out related to pipes.
4. The neck is the upper, visible part of the container with a hole at the top designed for the lid.
5. The hatch is the closing part of the structure, the cover of the sewage pit, which prevents foreign objects, animals or people from entering the container.

This design is general and in some cases may differ slightly. The well cannot be designed according to an individual plan; it must necessarily comply with the standards enshrined in SNiP.

Varieties of sewage tanks

Types of sewer wells include several varieties of structural design of the tank for water runoff. It is possible to divide the structures, depending on the principle of the construction of sewage wells, into several types.

Variable

Drop sewer wells are structures that are installed in places where there is a need to change the intensity of the flow of wastewater. Drop wells can be installed in certain situations:

• if there is a risk of changing the flow rate;
• if the sewer crosses the highway;
• when laying another pipeline;
• also, a drop well can be installed if there has been a partial flooding of the place where the water exits.

The principle of operation of the overfall sewer well is based on a special design that redirects wastewater flows.

Lookouts

Inspection tanks are structures that are designed to inspect the sewer system, as well as to carry out repair work on the sewer or water supply. This design today has no analogues. The installation of inspection type sewer wells is provided in the following cases:

• in places where there is a change in the size of the pipe, its slope and diameter. Such places are the weakest and are often subject to various breakdowns;
• in an area where there is a change in the flow of wastewater;
• at the point of branching of the pipeline into several small pipes;
• in areas that, in the opinion of experts, require special attention.

Observation structures are usually placed in such a way that the distance between sewerage wells is at least 15 meters. If the pit is arranged on the territory of a private house, then the distance from the structure to the house should be at least 3 meters, but not more than 12.

Swivel

Swivel well for sewerage - a design that is installed directly at the point of rotation of the main sewerage system. The distance between the sewer wells in this case is determined only by the location of the pipeline turns.

nodal

Nodal structures are structures that are installed in places where wide pipelines branch out.

Direct-flow

Once-through tanks - designs that are mainly intended for flushing sewer pipelines. Such structures are installed in different places, depending on which several types of direct-flow structures are distinguished:

• linear - structures necessary for periodic checks and flushing of networks;
• flushing - structures that are mounted, as a rule, at the very beginning of the water supply to flush it;
• control - structures that are placed in places where there is a discharge of water flows that have been cleaned. Such structures are necessary to control the quality of passing water.

In various places, sewerage systems must be installed with the inclusion of sewage tanks in the system. It is with the help of these facilities that the control, flushing and repair of the entire system is carried out. Even if the sewerage system is being built in a private house, at least one well must be on the site. Otherwise, the owner of the site simply will not be able to control the operation of the sewer system and, if necessary, repair it.

How to correctly calculate the size of the sewer pit?

How to make a sewer well? This issue is especially relevant if the owner of a private house and plot decides to make a sewer well with his own hands. Of course, it is quite difficult to make a well without the participation of specialists, however, it is still possible. The main thing here is to follow all the established rules so that the sewer system functions normally and does not cause problems in the future.

Before you begin the installation of a sewer well, you need to determine its location and make all the necessary calculations. The first parameter to be considered is the volume of the waste pit. This indicator is calculated depending on the number of people living in the territory and the approximate water consumption. For example, a standard family with two children consumes up to 1000 liters of water per day.

According to accepted standards, a drain with a bottom area of ​​one square meter can ensure the withdrawal of water in the amount of one cubic meter. It is important to take into account the fact that the working volume of the structure must correspond to at least a triple rate of water flow per day. Therefore, the volume of a well for a family with two children should be at least three cubic meters.

Knowing exactly what volume of construction is needed in a particular area, you can calculate the desired diameter of the well. The depth of the pit is on average 2.5-3 meters. When calculating the parameters of the well, it is important to calculate the distance from the well, or rather its working part, to the drain pipe. This is quite simple to do, you need to subtract the length of the drain pipe from the indicator of the depth of the structure, which is 70 centimeters. Next, the volume of the well is calculated directly, which consists of the multiplied data on the depth of the pit and the area of ​​\u200b\u200bits bottom.

Types of arrangement of the bottom of the well

If you are making a sewer well with your own hands, you must first also choose the type of bottom of the pit. The most common and popular option is the round bottom pit, as it is the easiest to use and maintain, however, in addition to this option, there are other types of well bottom.

The most commonly used varieties are structures with a round and square bottom. The latter option can be made in the form of a square or rectangle. Before equipping a sewer well with your own hands, you need to calculate the diameter and depth of the pit, taking into account the walls that will be laid to strengthen the structure.

Installation of protective structures inside the pit can be made of the following materials:

• bricks;
• reinforced concrete rings;
• concrete pouring.

The distance to the bottom is calculated solely taking into account all structural features and reinforcing installations.

How to equip a sewer well yourself?

The main argument in favor of building a sewer on the site with your own hands is a decent cost savings. If a container made of brick, concrete rings or rubble stone was chosen as a structure, the following sequence of actions must be observed:

• first of all, a hole is dug under the storage tank, as well as a trench for the pipeline;
• then the base of the pit is prepared. As a rule, crushed stone or other similar material is poured into the bottom of the pit for these purposes;
• after that, the bottom is poured with concrete mortar;
• further, the walls of the structure are strengthened. To do this, concrete rings are installed, brickwork or stone masonry is made. In this case, all joints must be smeared with cement mortar. In the case of installing a brick wall, additional plastering of the walls is also carried out;
• then the inlet for the drain pipe is mounted and equipped. After installation, all openings must be sealed;
• the outer walls are insulated using tar or oily clay;
• then the soil is returned to the place, which is compacted;
• a slab for overlapping and a hatch are installed on top of the well;
• the last step is to install the ventilation pipe. This part of the structure is necessary in order to bring out the gases accumulated inside, formed as a result of the decomposition of organic substances. The accumulation of such gases is dangerous with the possibility of an explosion.

The distance between the sewer wells on a private plot, as a rule, the owner chooses independently, depending on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe territory, the location of the sewerage system and the volume of wastewater. However, when carrying out independent work, one should not forget about the standards of work.

There are several main types of such structures, these are:

Any of these designs is quite easy to install. The main thing is to study the norms and requirements for installation work. But, if we talk about sewer systems in private homes, then in most cases one of the last two options for wells is mounted here.

They, in turn, are divided into several types depending on the material from which they are made:

As a conclusion, we note that wells made of reinforced concrete rings are most widely used. The construction of such a septic tank will take about 10 days, but it will be quite simple and economical.

How to determine the location of the well during its self-assembly

When thinking about how to make a sewer well, the first thing you should pay attention to is its location.

It plays an important role in preserving the ecology and health of residents, because in the event of a structural breakthrough, wastewater will flow into the ground or go outside when the septic tank overflows or the system becomes silted.

The layout of the sewer well

Particularly complex calculations in this case are not needed, all norms are specified in the relevant section of SNiP.

So the sewer well should be located:

• no closer than 5 meters to a residential building;
• more than 1 meter from outbuildings;
• no closer than 30 meters to wells or wells with drinking water;
• 50 meters from the reservoir;
• 20 meters from the garden or vegetable garden;
• no closer than 3 meters to the fence of the site or highway.

Consider the low location of the well

In this case, the sewer well should be located on the lowest area of ​​the land.

So it is possible to ensure the proper slope of the pipes with a minimum amount of land work, to make the sewer system work stable.

Drains will move by gravity. Otherwise, pumping equipment will have to be used.

How to correctly calculate the size of the sewer well

If everything is clear with the distance from the well to the objects located in the summer cottage, then in order to determine the size of the well, you will have to perform several calculations.

Take, for example, a family of three living in a house permanently. The volume of the well will be calculated as follows: V=n*q*3.

Explanation of values:

Calculation of the volume of a well from concrete rings

• V is the volume of the well;
• n - the number of residents of the house;
• q is the average volume of water consumed by one person;
• 3 - the number of days for which a complete cycle of wastewater processing occurs using natural processes.

Substituting the digital values, we get: V=3*200*3. So, the volume of the well should be 1800 liters or 1.8 m 3.

Dimensions and location according to SNiP

If the well will be built from concrete rings, we need to know its depth by choosing the appropriate diameter.

For example, take rings with a diameter of 1 meter. Then the height of the well should be 2.3 meters.

The calculation was carried out as follows: h=V/0.25/3.14. 0.25 is the radius squared. 3.14 is a constant value.

Calculation of the volume of a square well

If the well has a rectangular section, where each side is 1 meter, its depth will be 1.8 meters. The calculation was carried out according to the formula: h=V/(1*1).

How to build a sewer well

You can make a sewer well with your own hands from any materials: tires, barrels, bricks, reinforced concrete rings.

But, given the popularity of septic tanks made of reinforced concrete rings, let's consider the topic using their example.

The installation will be built like this:

Construction of a sewer well

• dig a pit 50 cm more in depth and width than the estimated dimensions of the well itself;
• compact the bottom, lay a sand cushion 10 cm high on it;
• lower the concrete base;
• lower the first concrete ring into the pit, seal its junction with the bottom with cement or bituminous mixture;
• make a hole for the drain pipe at a height of 60 cm from the bottom level;
• connect a sewer pipe;
• lower the second ring. Secure it with metal staples, process the seams with cement or seal with rubber waterproofing tape;
• install a ceiling with a hole for the hatch;
• install the sunroof.

So you can equip a sewer well with your own hands quickly enough.

Not so often you have to build a sewer well with your own hands. As a rule, this is required when building a new country house or cottage. To make your life more comfortable, of course, you need to sewer. This may seem like a complicated process, but, in fact, building sewers will not take you too much time if you follow the tips noted in this article.

Let's figure out how to make a sewer well with your own hands. First you need to decide exactly how you will make this element of the sewer system. Of course, the easiest option would be to entrust this matter to professional builders, but not everyone can afford such expensive services, especially since you can make sewer wells with your own hands.

Well types

First, let's look at what they are.

• Control or viewing, which are located on straight sections and allow you to control the situation in the sewer network;
• Swivel, which are installed at the place where the sewer pipes turn, when this cannot be avoided. Pipe bends are very vulnerable to blockages. Its use will avoid problems.
• Nodal. Installed on wiring and nodes.
• Variable. They are installed if, due to the characteristics of the landscape, a strong difference is formed between the level of the pipes.
• Filtration and storage. They are the end of the sewer system and serve for the accumulation and treatment of wastewater.

Wells can be of various shapes, but the simplest and most standard are round and rectangular, as they are the easiest to install.

Location determination

One of the key problems in creating a project and installing a sewer system is determining the location. In resolving this issue, you should be guided not only by your personal wishes, but also by sanitary standards. Of course, if you use the services of a professional, you do not have to worry about this. But if you are building sewer wells on your own, then you need to carefully study the SNiP:

• First you need to decide on the place where the sewer pipe will come out of the basement or basement of the house in order to decide which side is better to place the sewer well.

Advice! The location of the storage or filtration sewer well should be such that a sludge pump can easily drive up to it to pump out sewage. That is, it is necessary to provide convenient access roads.

• If you are making sewer wells, you must know SNiP. The distance between two manholes on the site should not exceed 15 meters, and the distance from the first of them to the house should be at least 3 meters and not more than 12 meters. It is important to remove the filtration sewer well to the maximum distance from the well from which you draw water for drinking. The distance must be at least 30 meters. Otherwise, contamination of drinking water is possible.
• Also, the elements of sewer wells include sewer pipes running through your site. In the gap between the pipe outlet from the house and the sewer well, there should not be pipe turns without rotary wells. Otherwise, waste may stagnate in the pipes.

Advice! The scheme must be drawn up taking into account all the noted nuances. Otherwise, the sewer system will not be able to function properly, and you will not achieve clean air and the desired comfort in a country house.

Well sizing

If we are talking about what size requirements there are for sewer wells, then here how the size will depend on its type. When building a cumulative one, the larger the size, the better, because you will have to clean the well much less often and call the sludge pump.

However, the larger it is, the more impurities it contains. And the more time and effort you will need to clean the well. There is a general formula that allows you to calculate the approximate volume of storage and filtration wells.

Advice! The presented formula is simplified. Water consumption and, consequently, volumes will depend on the specific conditions and patterns of consumption.

• On average, one person accounts for about 150 liters of wastewater per day.
• A family of 3-4 people will need about 700 liters per day. But this is without taking into account the frequent use of household appliances that consume water.

• It is necessary to calculate the volume taking into account three-day consumption, that is, the minimum size in this case is 2.4 cubic meters.

Advice! If you are often visited by guests, but they must also be taken into account when calculating the volume of the well. In addition, it should be noted that wastewater should not rise higher than one meter from the edge. Otherwise, wastewater may overflow. Therefore, all the same, when calculating volumes, one should stop at the maximum possible option.

The dimensions of rotary, nodal and manholes will be significantly smaller. The volume of the differential will depend on the level of the differential. The stronger the terrain difference, the deeper it will be, however, it is not recommended to go deeper than 3 meters, as this will complicate its cleaning.

Sanitary standards

When deciding whether to make the well airtight, or leave the possibility of wastewater exiting directly into the ground, it is necessary to clarify GOST - sewer wells with a drain of more than 1 cubic meter must be sealed or have a good cleaning system.

Otherwise, the bacteria living in the soil will not be able to cope with wastewater treatment, and sewage will fall into groundwater, and from there into food. According to existing rules, if a sealed well is required, then its bottom and walls must be concreted, covered with sealant, or a ready-made container must be used.

However, their use will require not only a greater consumption of material, but also additional funds for the frequent removal of wastewater by a sewage truck. A popular option are sewer wells with a filter bottom. Through this bottom, wastewater is purified.

Advice! If you decide to save on the services of sewers and equip a well with a septic tank, then you need to take into account some of the nuances. The depth will depend on the structure of the soil, and in the process of its creation it is necessary to achieve a good filter layer.

Rotary, nodal, differential and manholes should be made airtight. In addition, filtration wells cannot be used if you drain household waste after using detergents and chemicals.

Well construction

• First of all, a hole of the required volume is dug. You can do it yourself or use an excavator. Of course, special equipment will allow you to significantly save your time.

• The bottom of the sewer well with a septic tank is covered with crushed stone with a thickness of 40 cm.

Advice! If your site has a very high groundwater level, then you can only use sealed wells. Otherwise, there is a risk of terrible diseases. In addition, pollution of groundwater with waste will cause fines and other liability before the law.

Wells can be made from the following materials:

• Plastic;
• Reinforced concrete, the structure can be monolithic or prefabricated from well rings;
• Brick;
• Wood.
• Handy materials.

After the pit is ready, if you are making an airtight well, you need to lay out the bottom, for which you can use the finished concrete slab. The bottom should be sloping towards the future hatch. Then the walls are installed, and the sewer pipe is connected. Walls must be treated with sealant.

Then a ceiling with a hatch is installed, which is covered with soil from above for thermal insulation. In this case, the hatch must be free from the ground for ventilation. It is also necessary to install a ventilation pipe that will be 60 cm above the soil level.

Advice! Ensuring good ventilation is necessary not only for the normal operation of the cleaning system, but is also a safety requirement. As a result of chemical reactions occurring during the decomposition of organic matter, explosive methane is released. If the concentration is too high, this gas can explode.

After everything is installed, you can use your sewer system. However, you should always monitor the filling of the well and call a sewage machine to clean the well. When using a septic tank, the period for calling an ilosos increases, however, periodic cleaning of the pit will still be required.

Advice! So that you need the services of vacuum cleaners less often, and you are not bothered by an unpleasant smell, you can use various biological or chemical preparations. In the summer, preference should be given to bioactivators, which are completely safe and environmentally friendly. However, at temperatures below +4 degrees, they will not be able to work effectively, so in the cold season, you will have to give preference to chemical preparations.

For the average consumer, the cost of creating a sewer system can be quite high. However, it has a huge number of advantages, which consist in environmental friendliness and comfort of use with proper arrangement. All costs will quickly pay off.

Today, few people will agree to live in a country house without amenities. Heating, plumbing and sewerage systems are available in almost every household. But sometimes the creation of such communications requires considerable costs. For example, for a sewerage system, you need to install wells, which means spending family finances on hiring workers or buying finished products. But you can do without these costs. This article will discuss how to make a sewer well with your own hands.

Types of wells and their location

Before talking about how to build a well with your own hands in a country house or on a plot of a country house, you should learn about their varieties. The following types of structures can participate in the sewerage system:

• Inspection or control well. It is arranged on straight and long sections of the sewer pipe line. With the help of a manhole, the operation of the system is monitored and, if necessary, the pipes are cleaned.
• Turning. When designing a sewerage system, it is undesirable to make turns, because it is in such places that the likelihood of blockages is high. But sometimes twists are unavoidable. In this case, and construct rotary wells.
• Nodal. If it is necessary to branch or connect several sewer systems, nodal sewer wells are built.
• Variable. If the site has a complex terrain, then in some sections a strong difference in the level of pipe laying can form. To avoid this, overflow wells are built.
• Accumulative and filtration. Such structures are the end points of sewer systems. They collect all effluent for further treatment or disposal.

If there is enough money, then you can buy finished plastic products. Such wells, made in the factory, meet all sanitary standards and can serve for many decades.

Construction process

Work on the creation of sewer wells will depend on their purpose. Viewing, rotary and nodal will have a similar design. They are based on a sealed container with two or more incoming and outgoing pipes. The depth of such a well will be slightly greater than the depth of the sewer pipes.

A differential well has a more complex design. There will also be a sealed container, but unlike the previous options, the level of the inlet and outlet pipes will not match. It will also be necessary to make an omission. It will consist of a straight cross, a tuba and a knee. When using plastic pipes, the connection is made at an angle of 45 degrees, if the pipes are cast iron, then the angle should be 135 degrees. A cross is needed to check pipes and clear blockages.

The filter well is a container without a bottom. Under it, arrange a pillow of rubble, through which drains seep into the ground, and solid sewage accumulates in the well. If a storage well is installed on the site, then it is made completely sealed. These are sanitary requirements.

It is also important to install a ventilation pipe. It is mounted on storage and filtering wells. From above, any structure is equipped with a hatch for pumping out sewage or carrying out repair work.

Video

This video shows how to make a well from concrete rings with your own hands: