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The sewer system needs to communicate with the atmosphere for air inflow in the event of a rarefaction and removal of gases. For these purposes, a sewer pipe is installed in a private house. Its absence can lead to the fact that the system will not work correctly - the water drain will be accompanied by annoying sounds, and the room will appear bad smell.
With intensive draining of water, the flow rate in the sewer system increases sharply, as a result of which a zone of rarefied pressure is formed. Since, according to the law of physics, the pressure in closed system tends to level out, water from the outlets and siphons rushes into the rarefaction zone, which causes unpleasant and rather loud rattling and squelching sounds in the kitchen and bathroom. Fan pipes for sewerage provide instant air flow into the rarefaction zone, thanks to which excludes the possibility of "sucking" of water from hydraulic seals.
Toilets are often cited as the main cause of rarefaction, but it should be remembered that the flow rate can increase significantly during operation. washing machine, which drains water under pressure. If you answer the question why a sewer sewer pipe is needed, in one phrase, we can say that such structures prevent the common clearance of the sewer riser from being blocked by the drained flow.
Another function of the fan pipe is removal of gases formed in the sewer system. Otherwise, they can get into the room, causing a lot of trouble.
Pipe materials and diameters
Since the fan pipe in a private house is part of the system, it will be optimal to make it from the same material that is selected for the rest of the pipelines. In some cases, a combination of materials is allowed, but experts believe that the effectiveness of heterogeneous systems is significantly lower.
For installation of the inside of the sewer in a private house, cast iron or plastic pipes.
- Cast iron pipes have the required durability, however, in the presence of defects in processing or mechanical damage, they become susceptible to corrosion. Moreover, big weight products significantly complicates the installation, not only in terms of increasing labor costs, but also in terms of fixing the vertical sections of the pipeline.
- Increasingly, for the installation of internal sewer systems are used plastic pipes, which, in addition to low weight, have a number of other advantages, including strength, durability, absolute immunity to corrosion and the presence of a smooth inner surface that reduces the likelihood of deposits and blockages. Another benefit of plastic is big choice not only pipes of different diameters, but also the fittings necessary for the implementation of the developed scheme.
The choice of the diameter of the fan pipe is made taking into account the design features of the system. Main condition: the diameter of the vent pipe should not be less than the largest pipe(including pipes and outlets) systems.
Since in the vast majority of cases the largest sewer pipes are used to connect the toilet and have a diameter of 110 mm, the drain pipes are also installed with the same diameter.
Riser installation and roof outlet
The current building codes (SNiP 2.04.01-85 * "Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings") recognize the mandatory installation of a fan riser for houses with 2 or more floors, however, experts are sure that in a one-story private house such a design can significantly increase the degree comfort and avoid unnecessary hassle. Taking into account the purpose of the vent pipes, it becomes clear that their need directly depends on the degree of risk of blocking the flow of the sewer, and therefore on the amount of effluent entering the system. Thus, when using the house as a place summer holidays with short-term residence and the presence of a minimum amount of plumbing and drain points, you can completely do without a fan pipe.
For a full-fledged residential building, which has a toilet, bathroom or shower room, several taps, washing and Dishwasher, the fan pipe is, if not mandatory, then, in any case, a very desirable addition to the sewer system.
The installation of a sewer pipe is not difficult. In fact, the fan part of the system consists of individual outlets for drain points and a fan riser. At large area at home and located at a considerable distance from each other several bathrooms or toilet rooms it is possible to install several fan risers in order to exclude the laying of long horizontal pipelines in which the traction force is reduced. When connecting several outlets with one fan pipe, it is better to place the supply pipelines with a slight slope.
The temperature difference contributes to the intensive movement of gases through the pipe and their effective removal from the system - the initial section of communications is located in a heated room, and the final one is outside the house.
Since the main part of the fan pipe is a vertically located line, it is important to take care of its reliable fixation. Fan pipes are attached to the walls with the help of. In some cases, it is recommended to soundproofing of fan risers using materials specially designed for this purpose (for example, mineral wool rolled cloth or plates).
Special attention is required to bring the vent pipe to the roof. It can be carried out through a riser located inside the house or with the help of a fixed on outer wall pipe houses. Optimal is the output of the fan riser exactly on the roof, since the exit to the attic is not allowed by existing norms and rules, and the installation of the structure under the overhang increases the risk of pipe destruction when ice or snow mass leaves the roof.
In order for the system to work effectively, it is important to follow certain rules.
- The height of the vent pipe above the surface pitched roof should be at least 0.5 m above the non-operated flat roof- 0.3 m. And if the roof is used, then the height of the pipe must be at least 3 m.
- If there are several pipes leading to the roof (general ventilation, chimney from a fireplace or stove, etc.), the fan pipe in without fail should be above all others. Otherwise, unpleasant odors can enter the room. For the same reason, it is strictly forbidden to combine a fan riser with a common ventilation system or with a chimney.
- The distance from the windows to the vent pipe should not be less than 4 m.
- It is preferable to carry out the outlet of the fan pipe in the place where maximum amount drain points without moving the pipe for aesthetic reasons.
- It is not recommended to install decorations or other additional elements on the fan pipe. Their presence can contribute to the formation of condensate and, accordingly, icing and a decrease in the diameter of the passage. Gas outlet to this case will be less efficient.
check valve
Installation check valve on the exhaust pipe can improve the efficiency of the system, in particular, prevent the backflow of gases. In addition, non-return valves reduce the risk of clogging the drain pipe.
Sewerage without a fan pipe equipped with will perform its functions, however, its ease of use and degree of reliability may be lower, therefore, the combined use of these elements is still recommended. In particular, with dried water in the siphon, the valve alone will not be able to get rid of the smell.
Installation of a fan pipe is carried out at the stage of construction of the inner part of the sewer, it is quite possible to do it yourself with minimal skills. It is only important to strictly follow the recommendations of specialists and the requirements of building codes and regulations. The use of modern materials significantly reduces the complexity of work.
For owners country houses doing a lot for home improvement with their own hands, it is useful to know some of the features of the arrangement of water supply and sewer systems. These are the most basic engineering communications, without which the construction of any house is not complete.
When installing a sewer, it is important to remember about such a device as a fan riser. What is this device and what are the nuances of its installation? These and a number of other questions can be answered in our article.
The fan riser in a private house is a part of the pipeline connecting the sewer riser to the open air.
Fan pipe on the roof of a private house
In the absence of this element, during the development of wastewater, a rarefaction occurs in the system, the water seal is broken, and an unpleasant odor is felt in the room. For each plumbing device, a discharge pipe with a knee is required. In this bend, water is normally found. It also performs the function of a water seal, preventing the penetration of unpleasant fumes into the house. On sudden release Wastewater discharge occurs in the sewer pipes. Air from the street passes through the fan device into the system, and the pressure returns to normal. This ensures that there are no odors.
Sometimes you can do without a fan riser. For example, in a small building consisting of one or two floors. However, a mandatory requirement in this case is the equipment of only one bathroom.
If the house has two or more bathrooms or several toilets, then the installation of a fan riser is mandatory. Its presence is determined by the following factors:
Development stage
Even at the design stage, in order to install the sewer riser correctly, two basic requirements must be taken into account:
- The sewer pipe must be led out in the direction from which the vapors are discharged due to air flows.
- Simplified, the installation of a fan system can be understood as the supply of pipes to ventilation duct. If this is difficult, the outlet is carried out through the wall.
Ventilation design to eliminate unpleasant odors consists of different parts:
- fan pipes;
- ventilation ducts;
- connecting elements;
- fittings.
Features of the work
Having dealt with what a fan riser is, you need to carefully study the principles of its installation. It is advisable to plan the installation of this device as soon as the development of the project of the internal sewer system begins. In order for ventilation to work better, you should try to avoid bends and corners in the structure.
Fan riser output diagram
The ideal position of the air riser is exclusively vertical. This pipe is led through the floors between floors to the roof. However, this is not always possible in practice. Often in country houses you have to use additional elements for connection.
Sometimes they use the method of connecting several risers into one duct. This can be connecting an auxiliary riser to the main one or removing a vent pipe with its connection at the same distance from two risers.
This installation method is better because it allows you to evenly distribute air pressure throughout the system.
Fan pipes on the roof of the building
One of the main rules of installation is the correct diameter of the air pipe. It should not be larger than the diameter of the sewer. At the same time, the indicator of this element ideally corresponds to the size of not only the central riser, but also the branch pipe, which serves to connect the external and internal sewers.
It is also worth remembering that it is unacceptable to combine sewer ventilation with any climatic design or outlet carbon monoxide during operation of the heating boiler.
How to change fan riser
If the air riser breaks down, it is often necessary to replace it. The replacement of the structure is carried out according to the same principle as the repair of individual sections of the sewerage system. This process differs mainly in the material from which the pipes are made, and in the method of their connection.
Fan pipe repair
To replace the fan riser, a number of conditions must be met:
- During dismantling works necessary organize good ventilation in the living room.
- Structural elements need to be replaced in a respirator and rubber gloves.
- At the end, you need to make sure that all the pipeline was sealed.
By itself, the installation of a fan riser is not particularly difficult. Nevertheless, the masters recommend following some important requirements.
It is better that the diameters of the fan pipe and the riser match.
Fan cast iron pipe
If a combination of several materials is used in the work, for example, a plastic fan pipe and a cast-iron riser, it is recommended to use a rubber adapter.
For articulation of several fans, angles of 45 or 135 degrees are used. Sections of the fan system, located horizontally, must be laid with a slope of 0.02% in the direction of the gas outlet.
If it is required to change the angle of the direction of the pipe, a special bend with a degree of rotation of 135 is used.
Requirements that fan risers must meet
Certain criteria have been developed for air risers. During the installation of the system, it is advisable to check with them:
- When the pipe is brought to the roof, it must rise above the roof by at least 30 cm.
- If an attic or attic is built the minimum length of the pipe must be three meters.
- The gap between the pipe and a nearby light opening or loggia is made in length at least 4 meters.
- Fan system in accordance with existing regulations is carried out through rooms with heating or must have an individual insulation.
- It is not allowed to lead the air pipe through the chimney.
- The upper component of the fan riser is equipped with a protective grate, which prevents the penetration of insects and birds into the structure.
Common mistakes when installing a riser
Despite the fact that the installation of the fan system can be done independently, there are a number of nuances, the knowledge of which will help to avoid serious shortcomings in the installation of the riser.
Installation of a fan pipe
Sometimes incorrectly carried out work on the equipment of a funnel design has rather unpleasant consequences.
For example, owners of country houses do not always correctly install a fan pipe, trimming the system immediately in attic. This leads to the fact that unpleasant odors seep into the attic, which can also penetrate into the housing.
Another serious drawback is the installation of a fan on the outer wall. In this case, there is a risk of condensation.
Some owners prefer to mount an additional device - a roof aerator.
Pitched roof aerators
Its function is to improve traction. However, this is not always advisable. In most cases, the following happens: the outflow of sewer gases is weaker and an unpleasant smell from the bathroom can be felt in the house.
Installation of the air riser becomes prerequisite correct equipment of the sewage system. The absence of this device leads to rather negative consequences.
Sometimes it is better to entrust the installation of the pipe to qualified specialists. If you don't have required amount tools or materials, you should not carry out the installation yourself. Buy the right equipment, which is unlikely to be useful to you in the future, does not make sense. In addition, the arrangement of sewer systems has its own specifics. An experienced master plumber will do the job efficiently, taking into account all requirements.
In order to correctly perform the installation, it is necessary to strictly observe a pre-prepared project and perform all the necessary calculations.
What can replace the fan pipe
An alternative option for ventilation sewer systems is considered to be vacuum valves. They are installed at the end of the sewer riser in the house itself.
Vacuum valve installation sewer riser
Inside the vacuum type valve is a special spring with low resistance and a rubber sealing element for tightness. The principle of operation of such a device is as follows:
- Sewer drains, passing along the riser, provide a vacuum in the system.
- The shutter or valve opens.
- The air from the siphon is sucked in and passes into the sewerage network. This extinguishes the vacuum.
- After normalizing the pressure in the sewer system, the spring mechanism comes into action. The valve closes the gap and does not allow an unpleasant smell to pass into the room.
In situations where it is not possible to install a sewer check valve on the riser, this device can be mounted on any other segment of the horizontal pipe leading to the riser.
Attention should also be paid to such important point, as the presence of a hydraulic shutter at each plumbing point.
Using a hydraulic seal
Otherwise, an unpleasant smell in the house cannot be avoided, despite the properly installed sewer system and ventilation equipment. In most modern sewer devices there are built-in hydraulic locks.
There is a special document - a set of Building Norms and Rules (SNiP). These requirements must be taken into account. The documentation contains the conditions for the mandatory equipment of fan risers:
- houses with two floors and above in which there is a sewerage system and installation of plumbing devices;
- in houses with independent sewerage, with the presence of a storage tank, a septic tank or cesspool;
- if indoors constant bad smell.
In any case, equip the air riser in country house necessary. Only in this way can the work on laying the sewer pipe system be considered correctly performed. No one wants to put up with the presence of sewer odors in living quarters. You can invite professionals to install the fan pipes, or you can try to cope with this task yourself.
Fan pipe on the roof of a private house Sewerage with a septic tank in a private house Diagram of the outlet of the fan riser Fan pipes on the roof of the building Using a hydraulic lock Installing a vacuum valve on the sewer riser
Live outside the city with the same comfort as in a city apartment? Today it is already difficult to surprise anyone. Almost everyone has heard that for comfort, you just need to install an autonomous sewage system on the site.
But what it is, how it works, how to choose it correctly and what to do with it after installation - almost no one knows. Today we will tell you all about it, in this article:
What you need to know about the characteristics of an autonomous sewer?
So, what should be considered when choosing autonomous sewerage to a suburban area?
- The main parameter of autonomous sewage - maximum stock volume which she can process in 24 hours.
- Salvo drop.
- No less important is insertion depth, indicating at what depth pipes for sewerage can be laid.
- Service period when it is necessary to remove accumulated sludge from the equipment.
- Wastewater treatment quality- usually this figure is 98%.
- Housing material.
- Ease of installation.
Among the disadvantages of systems can be identified high cost. But if you take into account the costs of calling a sewage truck when arranging an ordinary cesspool, they will quickly pay off.
4 sewer options
You can equip the sewer on the site in different ways:
- Cesspool - often used in summer cottages, but does not meet the requirements of environmental conservation.
- Installation of local treatment facilities is a more expensive option than the first, but is only suitable for houses with year-round use.
- Storage tanks are a simple method, but not for everyone. Effluent accumulates in tanks, pumped out by a sewage machine. Eco-friendly but not cheap.
- Septic tank - wastewater is purified up to 98% and enters drainage well. Maintenance - pumping out sludge once every 2-3 years, which can be used as fertilizer.
3 ways to clean wastewater, which one to choose?
The most common first two types of sewers are:
- With mechanical cleaning;
- with biological treatment;
- with combined cleaning.
Septic tank with mechanical wastewater treatment
Has its pros and cons. Let's highlight some of them based on user reviews. Works by itself, unlike the following type.
Pros/Cons
- work without power consumption,
- equipment does not require constant maintenance,
- year-round work
- if necessary, you can take a break in the work of the septic tank.
- not a very pleasant smell
- sewer pipes need to be laid, big square plot,
- service with special equipment,
- suitable geological conditions are required.
Sewer installation:
- We determine the volume of the device - at least 200 liters of waste per person per day.
- We choose the place where the future sewerage will be installed.
- We dig a hole under the tank or concrete rings.
- We supply pipes and mount a platform for the withdrawal of purified water.
Biological treatment (septic tank or VOC)
The essence of autonomous sewage (link treatment plants Topas, as in the photo below) its autonomous operation without constant maintenance. The septic is biological treatment without access to oxygen, but electricity is not needed. VOC is also biological purification by bacteria, but with the use of oxygen (aerobic). Local treatment plants are a subspecies of an autonomous sewage system, which is a monoblock. Effluent in the device is cleaned biologically due to the action of microorganisms on them.
The principle of operation of the device is based on forced aeration, due to which the effluents are cleaned so well. But, despite all its advantages, this device also has a drawback - it is volatile, that is, it works exclusively when voltage is applied. However, it works silently and without odors.
Installation of an autonomous station occurs as follows:
- Preparation of the pit in accordance with the dimensions of the installation.
- Digging a trench for the pipeline, insulation of outlet pipes.
- Installation of the station and connection of pipes to it.
- Electricity supply and connection.
As a result of all the above, it should be noted that the autonomous sewer system- not at all simple, therefore it must be built according to a specially prepared project.
What should be taken into account?
When choosing an autonomous sewage system, it is necessary to take into account many factors:
- land relief,
- the climate of your region,
- groundwater level,
- how often and how many people live in the house,
- provision of access for sewage equipment.
It is difficult for us to live without amenities, even being in a private house. We strive to provide maximum convenience, creating an optimal standard of living for our family. For this, it is very important to think over the issue of sewerage construction in advance.
When constructing a sewer with your own hands in a private country cottage, You can save money, but you need to carry out these works in accordance with construction and installation requirements.
Sewerage in the house involves the arrangement of external and internal sewage.
Internal is piping, installation of a fan pipe and a riser.
The outer one includes a set of pipes running from the house to a septic tank or a deep cleaning station.
Scheme of internal sewerage
This septic tank has three chambers interconnected. Water enters the first, settles and leaves solid waste in the sediment. Then it is pumped to the second, which is the aeration tank, where water is mixed with activated sludge from microorganisms and plants. All of them are aerobic, and forced aeration is necessary for their vital activity.
Then water and sludge enter the third chamber, which is a deep cleaning sump, after which the sludge is pumped back to the aeration tank by a pump.
During the construction of a new building, sewerage is an integral part. WITH modern materials and quantity useful information on the Internet, learning how to properly design a sewerage scheme in a private house with your own hands will not be a problem. By following simple requirements, you can easily mount the waste system yourself, since you do not have to use outdated bulky materials.
Samples of obsolete materials
Since the old grandfather's toilet has lost its relevance, especially in the cold season, three main types of waste systems are currently in operation:
- A system connected to a collective or city collector;
- Stationary waste collection point:
- Sealed tank;
- Stationary sewer well without bottom;
- Scheme of installation of bio-sewerage.
The principles of installing the pipe system in the house and up to the collector are almost the same for all types. It is convenient to carry out all the wiring around the house from PVC, and it is more rational to make the connection to the collection point with a HDPE pipe for technical purposes, since its length allows a seamless method. The main branch connected to the toilet is laid with a pipe with a diameter of 110 mm, all other standard points of water intake (sink, washing machine, shower cabin), are connected to common system pipes of the 50th diameter. The only requirement is an angle of 2-3 degrees on horizontal sections to ensure optimal water flow.
At the sewers PVC pipes There are advantages and disadvantages when installing a waste system:
- Easy way to connect. The whole circuit is assembled as a constructor, pipes and components are simply inserted into each other;
- The materials are light in weight compared even to HDPE materials;
- A simple way of fastening, including on a vertical surface;
- The only drawback is the maximum length in free access of 6 m.
Do-it-yourself installation of a sewerage scheme in a private house is possible for all types of sewerage, except for biosewerage. To implement this option, it is recommended to contact specialists. All others can be mounted independently, but when connected to central system, you will need a package of permits.
Where to start
The first step is to select the collection point type. The most profitable is connecting to a common city branch. The user makes a one-time investment in the installation and required materials and pays a symbolic amount for the services monthly. This option is not always feasible for suburban construction, but there is an alternative.
Related article:
How to properly design and implement systems for internal, external wastewater disposal, as well as their treatment - read in this material.
Stationary sewerage scheme of a private house: the depth of the pipe to the tank
The tank can be made from different materials. It could be:
- Metal or plastic tank;
- concrete structure;
- Concrete rings mounted on a concrete base.
This method is acceptable even if there is a water well on the site, since liquid waste does not penetrate the soil with good waterproofing. The only downside is waste. Money for the services of sewers. The septic tank, as a rule, is mounted to a depth of 1.5-2 m. The pipeline is strongly recommended to be laid below the freezing level of the soil, which can be determined from a special map.
Depending on the number of points of water intake, the working volume of the tank is selected, but it should be borne in mind that the standard volume of a sewage truck is 3 m3, that is, the volume of your tank must be a multiple of this indicator. For example, if the volume of the tank is 5 m 3 , you will either overpay for the services of the second machine, or 2 m 3 of the working volume will be filled once and become useless.
In the case of a standard family of 4, with periodic washing, showering, washing dishes, a 3 m 3 container is filled on average in two weeks.
