Which is better to install an autonomous sewer. Modern autonomous private sewerage system for a country house, cottage or dacha

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The problem of water disposal, cleaning of domestic wastewater is relevant for any owner of suburban real estate. Therefore, if the developer has chosen an autonomous sewage system in a private house: how to choose a complete set, the characteristics of individual elements of the system is the most pressing issue before installation.

Autonomous sewerage in a private house - optimal choice for giving

Scope of autonomous sewer systems

Any dwelling equipped with running water needs to be diverted and treated. If the project includes an autonomous sewage system in a private house, how to choose equipment that combines the minimum construction and operation budget with high performance is the main question of the cottage owner who does not have a special education.

For garden houses budget option are septic tanks capable of cleaning wastewater by 60 - 75%. Due to the seasonal, periodic operation of houses, the underground reservoir does not require annual sewage pumping, which drastically reduces the operating budget. are inexpensive, if necessary, are made from well concrete rings.

For a dwelling of year-round operation, the LOS systems (local treatment plant), SBO (station biological treatment), airtanks using highly efficient anaerobic bacteria. This equipment allows you to reuse treated effluents, pumping is rarely done. However, the budget for construction and maintenance increases sharply.

The design of an autonomous sewer

Before you find out what an autonomous sewage system is in a private house, how to choose the option that is suitable for specific operating conditions, you need to consider the design of treatment facilities. There are several options for wastewater systems with subsequent post-treatment:

• septic tank - several internal chambers connected by overflow pipes, in the largest of them the drains settle, lose large suspensions, mechanical impurities, in the rest there are anaerobic bacteria that decompose organic matter without the presence of air;

• aeration tank - the design is similar to the previous one, however, air is forced into the chambers, which is necessary for aerobic bacteria, which are able to break down almost all organic impurities present in sewage;

Anaerobic aerotank

• combined systems - on initial stage anaerobic bacteria are involved in the treatment process, then the effluents are cleaned by anaerobic microorganisms.

All autonomous sewerage consists of separate elements:

• external sewer line - pipes through which drains flow by gravity (less often under pressure or vacuum way) from the dwelling to the chambers of the septic tank, aeration tank;
• treatment plant - a metal, polymer, concrete tank, partitioned into several chambers, in septic tanks optional equipment absent, compressors are installed in the aerotanks;
• infiltration system - a well or a filtration field in which treated wastewater is discharged into the soil through a natural filter (40 cm layer of crushed stone, shungite, sand) for natural post-treatment with soils.

Filtration wells have a minimum construction budget, however, they are suitable only for sandy soils, areas with a GWL level lower by 1.5 - 5 m relative to the mouth. Filtration fields are deepened below the fertile layer, and can be used on clay soils. With a high GWL, the ground filter becomes the only option for the infiltration system. Effluent from a septic tank is pumped, collected in ground tanks, and usually reused.

Wells do not require filtration ventilation system, for fields it is prerequisite safe operation. The filtration field is several contours or beams of corrugated pipes perforated with small holes. Unlike drainage systems, liquid is not collected in them, but is dumped onto the underlying layer of rubble. After that, the effluent seeps into the soil, is cleaned, and enters the underground layers.

Design of autonomous sewerage

The industry produces underground tanks from different materials with different characteristics. Therefore, when buying an autonomous sewage system in a private house, how to choose a complete set suitable for a particular object, characteristics is the most relevant question for the developer. At the stage of designing a drainage system, it is necessary to take into account the nuances:

• anaerobic bacteria multiply on their own, septic tanks can be used periodically;
• aerobic wastewater treatment systems are energy-dependent, microorganisms die during seasonal operation, prolonged power outage, necessary for the operation of compressors, active sludge needs to be updated periodically;
• in gravity pipelines from the building to the septic tank, a slope of 4 - 7 degrees is required, if you make the angle smaller, the drains will stop flowing into the tank, with large slopes, the self-cleaning ability decreases, blockages are possible due to the accumulation of large fractions;
• when backfilling plastic tanks, they must be partially filled with water so that the walls are not squeezed with soil, which is important in areas without sources;
• in industrially manufactured septic tanks, pipe entry points have high tightness, the entry of lines into concrete rings much more difficult to implement;
• polymer septic tanks are not always loaded with sewage; during winter swelling of the soil, these structures can be squeezed out to the surface, so a slab is laid or poured under them, to which the tank body is tied.

The size of the septic tank is chosen according to the volume of the first chamber, this figure should be 3 times the daily water requirement of the family. For the convenience of periodic pumping of sewage underground tanks should be closer to the road. The depth of the sewage treatment plant is always individual. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the length of the sewer line, the slope of 4 - 7 degrees, the mark of winter freezing in the region.

Making an autonomous sewer with your own hands

In principle, for the installation of a VOC, a septic tank, it is enough to determine the location of the tank, dig a pit for it, connect it with a straight trench to the outlet manifold of the internal sewer riser dwellings. Then install the tank, pipes, make an infiltration system, backfill.

However, at each stage there are nuances. Therefore, it is possible to choose exactly which autonomous sewage system will be used from and how to select individual elements with a minimum budget, following the recommendations of SP 32.13330 for outdoor engineering systems drainage.

Site integration

When choosing a place for the operation of a water treatment system, the requirements of regulatory documents should be taken into account:

• distances to objects considered significant - trees 3 m, water intake source 30 - 50 m, border of the neighboring site 2 m, "red" line of the carriageway of the street 5 m, driveway 3 m, dwelling foundation 4 m, natural reservoirs 10 m;
• infiltration systems - safe distances are similar to the previous case.

In addition, you should take into account the passage of paths through the site, recreation areas, parking lots to ensure maximum living comfort.

Attention! It is forbidden to divert drainage, storm drains into the septic tank of the external sewage system, drain water from ponds, pools in order to avoid overflow of the chambers, contamination of the soil.

Excavation

Any underground structures are inevitably affected by frost heaving forces. They are eliminated by warming the perimeter of the sole of the structure, drainage, the use of non-metallic materials in the underlying layer, backfilling the sinuses of the pit.

For septic tanks, the first two technologies are not used, the sinuses are filled with ASG or sand. Therefore, the dimensions of the pit should be larger than the size of the container by 40 cm around the perimeter. The laying depth is calculated as follows:

• underlying layer - 10 - 15 cm;
• concrete slab - 10 - 15 cm, only for plastic structures;
• freezing level - due to the fact that the drains come from the building, they always have a positive temperature, during the decomposition of organic matter by bacteria, thermal energy is released, a depth of 1.5 - 2 m is sufficient.

The trench from the reservoir to the cottage should have a slope of 4 - 7 degrees. For this, a height difference of 2 - 3 cm at a distance of one meter is sufficient.

The underlying layer is made of sand on dry soils, crushed stone at a high groundwater level. Layered laying is required every 15 cm with tamping with a vibrating plate.

Tank installation

Polymer tanks are usually installed manually, metal, concrete septic tanks are placed with a crane. If necessary, for lightweight structures, a concrete slab without reinforcement is cast on top of the underlying layer. The tank should be placed horizontally in order to make the most efficient use of the internal space of the working chambers.

Laying of external sewerage

The main is assembled from red sewer pipes with a diameter of 11 - 20 mm. Before laying the communication system, it is necessary to perform the following work:

• laying a geotextile web on the bottom of the trench, the edges of the material are launched onto the sides;
• underlying layer of crushed stone or sand 10 - 15 cm;
• tamping of inert material with a vibrating plate;
• laying pipes with a gravity slope;
• backfilling with gravel or sand;
• covering with geotextiles.

Such a technology will eliminate the subsidence of the soil, spontaneous disconnection of the sockets. Geotextile prevents mutual mixing of soil with non-metallic material.

Video: how to properly lay sewer pipes

All input nodes are sealed with rubber, silicone cuffs to prevent leakage. If necessary, installed internal equipment, overflow pipes. The most difficult thing is to seal PVC pipes when passing through concrete rings. For this, penetrating mixtures are used, which are added to the cement-sand mortar.

Infiltration systems

The infiltration well is made of concrete rings. There is no bottom in the structure; instead, a 40 cm layer of crushed stone, shungite, gravel is poured. Filtration fields are made according to the technology:

• soil is removed in the area, the size of which depends on the filtering capacity of specific soils in the building spot;
• the perimeter is covered with geotextiles that prevent silting, mixing with a layer of material;
• a drainage layer is created from crushed stone, on which corrugated pipe beams or contours are laid;
• the structure is covered with the same natural filter, then with soil.

Manufacturers of septic tanks produce special infiltration elements, the design of which is a hybrid of a field, a filtration well. They are mounted in the standard way.

backfilling

When using non-metallic material in the sinuses of the pit, it is possible to completely eliminate pull-out loads from freezing soils that act on underground tanks. For this, 40 cm of a layer is enough on all sides of the septic tank, however, layers of 15–20 cm should be laid, each should be rammed with a vibrating plate or a hand tool.

hatch decoration

For maintenance of septic tanks, openings with hatches are used. For maximum integration of this communication element into the landscape of the site, decorative products manufactured by the industry are used. These are usually made from polymer materials figures of animals, fairy-tale characters, mushrooms, stumps, boulders. They are easily removed, weigh almost nothing, have a secure fit, and are not blown away by the wind.

conclusions

Autonomous sewage in a private house is done once and for a long time. If you are the owner of a small summer cottage, then many of the elements and installation steps described above are optional. If you are planning to organize a drainage system big house where several people live on a permanent basis, then it is worth approaching the design with all care and responsibility.

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Autonomous sewerage is a system of facilities designed to treat wastewater and thus preserve the soil.

Cleaning has a beneficial effect on human health and completely removes all odors.

You will learn how not to make a mistake with the choice of an autonomous sewer, you will see short review models, as well as be able to understand all aspects of its work.

Cleaning can be of three types:

• Biological.
• Chemical.
• Mechanical.

We will focus on the very first one, since it is best suited for private houses and summer cottages.

Biological treatment

This type of cleaning is perfect for servicing cottages and cottage settlements. It involves the use of sludge with a high content of microorganisms, which process all organic substances, that is, household waste, by oxidation.

The system works on the principle of forced oxygen injection, as a result of which aerobic bacteria multiply, which enter the device with waste.

Bacteria oxidize sewage, clearing them of smell and all dirt. The final product resembles flakes, it is a transparent sludge that does not rot.

Filter fields

Filtration fields are an area of ​​land consisting of trenches in which spray pipes pass. Their work is based on the fact that the soil can be cleaned naturally.

You can build filtering fields yourself and this will save a little. However, you will have to call in special equipment and purchase material.

Bioponds

Bioponds are a system of reservoirs or one pond, about a meter deep, in which organic matter is oxidized. Such ponds require measures to remove bottom silt, and in winter the oxygen regime of their operation should be monitored.

Cesspool

The easiest way to dig with your own hands cesspool bottomless, which is a popular variant of the system due to its cheapness. Such a design is not suitable, however, for draining fecal matter, since it only processes the liquid part of the waste.

Types of biofilters

Filter well

The simplicity of such a biofilter captivates, it is not designed for large volumes, but can also act as an additional cleaning agent. The life of such a well depends on the size of the filtering area. Not suitable for clay soil.

Underground filtration field

These fields are suitable for plots, the depth of groundwater is not higher than one and a half meters, and the soil belongs to the sandy or sandy loam type. Such a system has many schemes and ways of implementation.

sand and gravel

The choice for places where water hardly passes through the soil, the technology of such a filter is more complicated than the previous ones. The filter consists of a network of irrigation canals, which are duplicated under a layer of sand with crushed stone intended for filtration. The simplest way to design such a filter is linear. It can be laid along the fence of the site.

drainage trench

Despite the similarity with the previous species this filter is different in that the irrigation and drainage pipes are located in parallel in the pit. They do not have branches and because of this they are easier to install. This view is suitable for a small family if the length of the trench exceeds 5 meters.

filter cassette

Represents shallow, large pool, with a bottom of crushed stone for filtration. It has a ceiling at the top, which is protected by a layer of waterproofing and insulated with earth. The filter cassette can be used in loamy and clayey areas. Its area at a consumption per cubic meter per day is about 30-35 square meters when used on clay soil.

Septic tank or biological treatment plant?

This choice will make anyone think who decides to install on their site autonomous sewerage. Consider the pros and cons of a septic tank as a treatment plant.

Understanding how a septic tank works will be useful, because it greatly simplifies its selection and installation. The principle of its work lies in the action of mechanical processes of settling and biological methods of processing.

Waste water enters the sump, which must be large enough to fit the waste that form over several days. During this time, heavy elements sink to the bottom of the chamber.

After that, the liquid enters the tank with anaerobic bacteria., decomposing complex fractions of organic compounds into simpler ones. Heat, carbon dioxide is released and removed through ventilation. At the end, the effluent enters the soil filter.

The advantages of septic tanks are their long term service, ease of installation, low cost, as well as strength and durability under severe weather conditions.

As a capacity for sewage, the use of a storage tank is common. Tanks are made of plastic or fiberglass. Both materials are durable, light compared to metal, and sealed. They firmly hold wastewater inside and do not pollute the environment.

If the volume of wastewater does not exceed a thousand liters per day, a single-chamber septic tank is suitable. The design, like some of the previous ones described, is distinguished by its simplicity. This is a buried tank, with pipes connected for drainage. This solution, however, is not the most effective, it is better to use its two-chamber variation.

A two-chamber septic tank, which has become widespread throughout the world, consists of two tanks. The presence of two chambers allows much better cleaning of wastewater, precipitation blocked by barriers. It is suitable for those who consume from one to ten cubic meters per day.

A septic tank with a filtration field, these are several containers connected by pipes. Thanks to the filtration field, impurities are more thoroughly cleaned from contaminants. This system is suitable for places where water passes no more than two to three meters below ground level. Also, this type of device has a large area.

The natural way is a septic tank with a biofilter. At almost any level of groundwater, this type of treatment guarantees the removal of sewage. This is a container divided into several sections. For this method, more reliable containers will be needed.

Waste water after filtration is suitable for technical use. Such a sewer will be the best choice if you live in a country house all year round, because if it is not permanent to live in a house with such a system, there is a possibility of death of microorganisms in the septic tank.

to the stations artificial purification includes a septic tank with forced filtration. All processes here are accelerated in comparison with the natural analogue. In such systems, an additional pump is connected for pumping and distributing air. In general, this a good option, except that it requires an electrical connection.

General installation rules

It is necessary to have a septic tank no closer than five meters from the house. The source of water must be located twenty meters from the drains at least. A residential building can be located at a distance of more than eight meters from filtration wells and twenty-five meters from filtration fields.

A distance of at least fifty meters is allowed to aeration cleaners, and three hundred meters to drain stations.

To prevent damage to pipes winter period it is necessary to insulate them, for example, mineral wool. Also, all sewer pipes must be installed at the correct slope. External pipes must be at least one hundred millimeters in diameter.

Popular models and their prices

Autonomous sewage systems can be volatile and non-volatile. They are distinguished only by the need to connect electricity. There is a wide variety of models on the market. Here are the most popular ones:

• "Tank"

The septic tank is supplied in different configurations, the approximate price is 22 thousand rubles.

• "Topas"

The products of this company are divided into two types: for summer cottages and for country houses. The difference in the volume of wastewater supply. You can buy Topas for a summer residence from 70 thousand rubles.

Installation

Installation continued:

• Unilos

The range of equipment produced by this brand is quite wide. You can buy the Astra model starting from 60 thousand.

• "Triton"

Such a septic tank is notable for the fact that you can find its small size model called Triton Mini. It is relatively easy to install without the help of a professional.

• "Tver"

This manufacturer also has several models. The cheapest of them will cost you 55 thousand rubles. On the official website you can see the procedure for installing a septic tank in winter.

Outcome

Knowing in detail all necessary information about wastewater treatment facilities, you will no longer ask yourself the question of how to choose an autonomous sewer in a private house.

It is enough just to know the height of the groundwater in the place where your site is located, and the approximate water consumption per day.

Autonomous sewerage is not installed for one or two years, this must be remembered. And the question of choice must be approached responsibly. Imaginary savings at the construction stage can result in serious financial losses during operation.

You should not save on serious engineering networks, try to get all the best in terms of price-quality ratio. Make a well-designed project and meticulous installation. Then you are 50 years old, you won’t think, but how the hell does this system work? She will not cause you any inconvenience.

If you decide to build a country house, then in this article we will help you choose one of the most important engineering networks your castle. The name of which is the sewer.

Useful information:

Living in a modern country house is full of pleasant benefits of civilization. Now here you can find not only a bathroom and a shower room in the house, people can please themselves with pools and saunas, jacuzzis and baths. The arrangement of these facilities is associated with the need to supply water and build a sewer system.

Before buying, you need to consider the details of the sewer system. After all, it is not limited to laying a pipeline for drains. It is necessary to decide where the wastewater will go: into a container where it will simply accumulate, or into a septic tank, which allows for deep cleaning.

Where to start

From the project. Only from him. All your wishes, supported by building science, must be displayed on paper. We recommend ordering the project from specialists, although in our time country houses are designed comprehensively, and there should be no questions with the sewerage section. Then we begin to check it and adapt it to reality.

How to choose an autonomous sewer option?

First, choose a septic tank that is most suitable for the existing conditions (your needs and soil characteristics). There are several parameters that affect the type of septic tank that can be installed on the site.

1. Soil type, features of its structure (chernozem or clay soil, peat or sandstone).
2. Depth of groundwater passage.
3. Average freezing depth.
4. The amount of water that 1 person spends daily.
5. The number of people living in the house.
6. The area of ​​land that can be occupied by a septic tank.
7. The presence of a slope on the site.

These factors are considered together and on the basis of this, conclusions are drawn about the type of septic tank that can be installed in a particular place.

What is an autonomous sewer

We are raising a rather serious topic today. Outside the city with a centralized sewage system is a disaster, but you want to live in human conditions, and not in a pigsty. Let's think about how we get out.

From the name itself it is clear that this system will work in a confined space. In fact, within the territorial limits of your site. I will not say that choosing a system is an easy task, but the choice, in fact, is not so rich. Let's start with the flight analysis.

The tasks of autonomous sewerage include: collection of rainwater and sewage from the house. I highly do not recommend combining them into a single system, only when using a sewer pumping station it makes sense. At its core, autonomous sewage is the internal and external wiring of the sewerage system and treatment facilities. With the wiring of pipes, everything is clear, but what kind of treatment facilities, now let's go through in detail.

Offhand, there are four options for resolving the issue:

• use a cesspool;
• use an overflow well;
• use a septic tank;
• use the sewer pumping station;

Let's go in order and fix all the pros and cons of the options.

Types of septic tanks

Choosing the type of septic tank will help solve the global question: how to choose a sewer in a private house. Each type of septic tank has its own advantages. The main thing is to decide whether they are significant in your case.

The very concept, a country house, implies that you will live there permanently. This means that you will not limit yourself to a banal cesspool. It is very troublesome to maintain, although it attracts at the construction stage, due to its low cost and ease of installation. Why did I immediately start talking about incomprehensible things? Because the centralized sewage system that you are used to, in most cases, may not be outside the city.

Septic tank from a sealed container - cesspool

The cesspool is very simple. Roughly speaking, this is a container of a certain volume, buried in the ground. All drains will flow into it, this is both the sewerage of the house and the drainage storm drain. Since there is nowhere for the water to go, the pit fills up very quickly and soon, you will know by sight all the drivers of sewage trucks in the area.

A sealed container that can be used to collect wastewater can be made in several ways:

• from concrete;
• from brick;
• from plastic.

The function of such a container is to collect drains that drain into it and keep them without leaks. To clean this container, you need to use the services of a sewage machine. As a result, it turns out that the tank itself is inexpensive, but a decent amount is spent on the services of a sewer, because the accumulation of wastewater is proceeding at a rapid pace. Therefore, this method is not the most successful for a large family, and even more so for permanent residence.

The design is as follows: on the prepared foundation of the excavation, successively, on top of each other, concrete rings are laid. The joints are sealed, a hatch is installed on top of the structure. Pipes for storm drains and drains from home sewers are brought into the structure. Thus, if the house is operated all year round, almost every month, the drains will have to be pumped out. Extremely inconvenient option.

I can't even imagine a situation that would make you choose this option. But if this country house, where two people occasionally appear, then such a container will be the most reasonable solution. The same option is acceptable if the site during the period of snow melting is heavily flooded or groundwater is generally high.

Overflow well or septic tank

I deliberately combine these two options, because in fact they are one and the same. The design of this equipment has several sections. The function of the first section is to make a rough cleaning of wastewater from solid particles. In the first section, you will need to add special bacterial solutions that increase the rate of decomposition of organic substances.

In addition, you can add substances that bind small particles into larger ones, which will allow them to settle to the bottom of the section faster. The second chamber usually performs chemical cleaning. To do this, use bleach and lime, which do an excellent job of destroying microflora. The third section can be supplied with a bulk biofilter, which is plastic granules that absorb (absorb) the smallest suspended particles.

This structure has at least two chambers, which are connected by an overflow pipe. The first chamber acts as a collector of all solid particles and often has a blank bottom. The second and subsequent chambers accept only liquid effluents and are installed on crushed stone pillows. Crushed stone additionally cleans drains and allows them to go into the ground.

Obviously, in this situation, it will be necessary to pump out feces from the first chamber much less often than from a cesspool.

This type of sewer cleaning of a country house, in a number of parameters, coincides with specialized water treatment stations. And as a result, it can allow the use of purified water for technical applications. The option for a country house is quite decent.

Together with septic tanks, filtration chambers are used, which are best installed on crushed stone pillows. These chambers allow you to evenly distribute purified water over the entire surface of the pillow, which contributes to its uniform absorption into the ground.

This option of treatment facilities is several orders of magnitude better for a country house than a simple cesspool. Manufacturers claim that solid contaminants will have to be pumped out no more than once every two years. However, there are users of septic tanks who claim that the sewerage did not require intervention for some 10, and some for 20 years. Impressive numbers. Buried and forgotten.

Septic tank of two chambers (overflow well)

A septic tank has much in common with an overflow well, with the exception that most often, factory-made septic tanks are used from high-strength polymers. They are also multi-chamber, but in addition to rough cleaning, in these products, effluents also undergo biological, and sometimes chemical treatment. In fact, these are mini treatment facilities, if desired, purified water can be used for household needs.

Two-chamber septic tanks are commercially available, although many prefer to do it themselves. This variety consists of two parts. The first is equipped with a sealed bottom. In this compartment, the waters from the house are settled. At this time, solid sinking elements fall to the bottom, light floating elements are located closer to the surface, and water, free from foreign particles, is in the middle part. In this place there is a hole for overflowing water into the 2nd compartment. There, the bottom passes water, it is supplemented with layers of rubble, sand, which purify the water passing through these layers.

In the first part, solid sediments gradually sink to the bottom and form a thick layer of silt, which is removed by a sewer. In this situation, the sludge is pumped out less frequently than in the first case, when a storage tank is used. From a two-chamber septic tank, if a family of 5 lives in the house, sludge is pumped out every six months.

This type of septic tank can not be installed in areas where groundwater flows close. The main condition: groundwater should never rise more than 1 meter from the bottom of the septic tank. If the soil on the site is sandy or sandy, such a septic tank would be the best option.

Septic tank with filtration fields

This septic tank can be installed if there is no lack of land. On the small plot do not install it. Such a septic tank consists of 3, less often 2 separate parts.

• Wastewater enters the 1st, where the first separation of wastewater takes place. Heavy particles go to the bottom.
• 2nd container contains .
• The 3rd container acts as a distributor, from this part, through the pipe, the purified water goes to the filtration field, where the cleaning ends.

Filtration fields need a fairly large area - at least 30 squares. The depth of the filtration zone is 1 meter. Water, having passed such a zone, is completely clarified and becomes completely safe.

This type of septic tank is suitable for large areas with a water depth of 3 meters or more.

Biological treatment station

In this type of septic tank there are even more separate parts: 3 or 4. Each of these parts plays a role in wastewater treatment. For better cleaning, 2 types of bacteria are used here: aerobic and anaerobic. After passing through all the stages of purification in this installation, technical water is obtained at the outlet, which is quite suitable for irrigation.

The percentage of cleaning is 98 - 99%, these are very high rates. To populate the septic tank with bacteria, you can simply pour the purchased composition into the toilet. Among the advantages of such a system is complete autonomy, the ability to work without power supply.

Artificial cleaning station

This type of septic tank is very similar to the previous one. Only here other bacterial microorganisms are used. Therefore, you will have to take care of the air supply, the constant availability of electricity. The system operates thanks to pumps for transferring and pumps that supply air. This type of septic tank is the most expensive. It compares favorably with the previous one in terms of working volumes. Such an installation can process much more wastewater than a device with a biofilter

This system will work great with high groundwater. Will be able to meet the needs of a family of 5 people and even more. So, before choosing a septic tank, you need to decide on the amount that you can spend on sewerage, and on the conditions for further operation.

sewerage pumping station

Alas, there are cases when it is impossible to leave the septic tank with natural slopes. This may be due to the ground, with its aggressive waters, with some kind of force majeure, like rocks. In this case, you will have to fork out, but get your hands on the most effective type of treatment facilities. While not entirely true, a pumping station does little to nothing, it transports your high-pressure effluent either to a sewage treatment plant or to a nearby central sewer pipe.

The most difficult and expensive option. Autonomous sewerage of this type is directly connected either with the central sewer system or with urban wastewater treatment plants. By the way, that rare autonomous sewer, which allows the association drainage system and domestic drains.

Effluent in this case enters the bunker, at the bottom of which submersible pumps are installed. When a certain level of wastewater is reached, the level sensor sends a signal to the pump, and it, under high pressure, transports them to centralized systems.

Most reliable option, but again, capital costs, a complex system automation and power consumption make it, in some cases, extremely unattractive.

Thus, you do not have to fill your head with bioadditives in the septic tank, although now they can be added through the toilet bowl. You will never see a sewer machine on your site. And yet, this is the only autonomous sewage system for a country house, which allows you to combine drainage and house sewerage.

But in this case, the sewerage will turn out to be “golden” in terms of price, in terms of electricity consumption. And the sewerage system will be controlled by an automation system, which can fail.

Which sewer option to choose

The most better sewerage- three-stage. In such cases, the septic tank has three or more sections. Mechanical cleaning is carried out in the first section, where the solid elements settle under their own weight, and the liquid rushes into the second section. Air is forced into the first section, which increases the number of bacteria that effectively cope with the processing of solid particles.

The second section is responsible for chemical cleaning. Lime and chlorine cope well with any microflora, the degree of purification depends on the correct combinations of these reagents.
In the third section, called the biofilter, aerobic bacteria are placed, which bring the degree of water purification to 85-90%. Further, the water is supplied to the prepared filtration fields, where the sewerage of a private house can no longer cause harm.

Features of the installation of autonomous sewage

If you drove a bulldozer to the site, then it must also be operated under an autonomous sewer. Earthworks will be decent. Dig pits for the selected equipment, arrange a network of trenches for laying pipes for drains, fill with sand, and where necessary with a sand-gravel mixture.

Everything is strictly according to design marks, to a depth below freezing, with slopes towards the main equipment. If you encounter the presence of groundwater, the pits will have to be additionally sealed with special films and solutions.

At the same time, we remember that it is not recommended to combine an autonomous sewer with a drainage one, only if there are no other options in principle. Therefore, you need to choose a competent tracing of sewer networks, try to avoid intersections.

What septic tanks are available?

Today, several manufacturers present their products on the market. Among them are the following.

Autonomous sewer "Tank"

The name itself speaks of the power of the installation. This is a reliable septic tank, its operation does not require power supply. This is a three-chamber sump, consisting of 3 parts. The water, passing through them, is gradually cleared, and finally it undergoes additional purification by the soil. This device has several sizes, they are decisive when buying.

This table will help you navigate the dimensions of the septic tank "Tank".

Autonomous sewerage "Topas"

This installation can clean wastewater by 98%, it works on electricity. The septic tank contains 2 compressors that are needed to pump air. Several operating modes are provided. This is a very good septic tank. They rarely clean it, it cleans drains well.

For the operation of a septic tank, the following conditions are necessary:

• the presence of electricity, the lack of energy for several days will end in the death of bacteria);
• normal temperature, at a critically low temperature, activated sludge stops its activity forever;
• lack of aggressive chemicals that can kill bacteria.

"Topas" has a rather high cost. In order not to be mistaken when buying such an expensive installation, one must take into account the number of people using the sewerage system and the approximate water consumption per day.

The table contains information for selecting a specific model.

This septic tank provides sewage treatment by 93 - 98%. There are 3 modes of operation. The design is identical to the design of the Topas septic tank. It is believed that Unilos is a device that was created in the likeness of the Topas septic tank, only it reflected some of the features of the functioning of septic tanks in Russia. The installation is volatile.

The table contains information that can help in choosing a particular model.

"Triton"

This setup is much cheaper than the ones above. Performance characteristics at a fairly high level.

The table contains data for the entire model range.

"Tver"

The installation is demanding on operating conditions, it may fail. The set of equipment includes a compressor installed directly in the house. The degree of purification is lower than that of some previous options. The installation is volatile. Insignificant weight and rather thin hull material can provoke an ascent during a flood. Therefore, it is necessary to attach the unit to a concrete pad.

The table contains information about the model range.

The choice of autonomous sewage requires a balanced approach. But living in a house all the time without such a device is uncomfortable. Therefore, we must strive to buy the most optimal option.

You understand that sewerage is far from the simplest system. Both in design and installation. And the sewerage of a country house is more difficult in a cube. From the preparatory work and your attentiveness, it will depend on how the sewer behaves.

So we see that there are not so many options for sewer systems for a country house, choose the appropriate option and proceed with the implementation of your plan.

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One of the most important issues when buying a plot, cottage or country house is the availability of communications. And if, as a rule, there are no problems with water or electricity, then central sewerage in the private sector, especially far from the city, is a rarity. And the fastest and practical solution of this problem is the purchase of a septic tank.

The two most common types of individual treatment facilities are a non-volatile (autonomous) septic tank and a volatile station. Both types of waste disposal devices use several stages of treatment: mechanical sedimentation of suspended matter, filtration and biological treatment. Self-contained septic tanks use anaerobic bacteria to process waste, which do not need oxygen, but act slowly. In energy-dependent devices, biological filtration occurs with the help of more active aerobic microorganisms that require the use of aerators. But the level of purification in such septic tanks reaches 98%.

Choice optimal model cleaning device depends on several factors:

1. Required performance. For one person, the volume of wastewater is usually laid equal to 150 - 200 liters per day.
2. Availability of electricity on site.
3. Plot size. Autonomous septic tanks require a larger area, as they are equipped with additional ground filtration fields.
4. Ground water level. High GWL may require the use of additional engineering solutions.
5. Soil composition. For areas with hard rocks, it is better to use horizontal septic tanks, since they require a shallower pit.

Our review contains models of septic tanks with the best technical and operational characteristics. When compiling the rating, the following were taken into account:

• recommendations of civil engineers;
• feedback from users who have installed specific models of cleaning devices in their area;
• value for money septic tanks.

Useful video - how to choose the right septic tank

The best budget septic tanks for summer cottages

Septic tanks for installation on suburban area are small and relatively cheap. As a rule, these are simple stand-alone models that act as a sump and are connected to an additional filtration system. They have an extremely simple one-piece design, a low level of productivity, and are also unpretentious in maintenance.

4 TANK-1

Excellent price/performance ratio
Country Russia
Average price: 19,500 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.6

Tank-1 is the youngest model in the line of non-volatile septic tanks Triton Plastic. Its design is simplified to the limit: there are only two chambers: coarse primary treatment and secondary biological treatment. But, nevertheless, this small septic tank, capable of treating up to 600 liters of wastewater per day, has all the advantages inherent in more expensive models companies: it has a horizontal layout and a durable one-piece cast body with special stiffeners, which increases the service life and excludes the penetration of groundwater into the internal volume of the structure.

This compact model is ideal for installation in the country and is designed for use by two or three people. The level of wastewater treatment for this septic tank is 75 - 80%, therefore, it is recommended to use a special infiltrator in which additional treatment takes place with it. Buyers note the compact dimensions of the septic tank, easy installation and trouble-free operation. However, you still have to clean the chambers from sediment once every few years.

3 Termite Profi 1.2

The strongest container
Country Russia
Average price: 23,500 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.6

This miniature vertical septic tank can serve no more than two people. The degree of wastewater treatment reaches 85%. Due to its small weight - only 80 kg, Termit Profi 1.2 is easily transported and mounted. This is a great option for a small country house or a free-standing bath. An additional advantage is that the wall thickness of the Termit Profi 1.2 tank reaches 20 mm, and the shape of the body is specially designed for optimal performance under load.

According to user reviews, this septic tank is easy to install and maintain. Experienced summer residents recommend that it is imperative to sprinkle the container with sand cement to increase the service life of the structure. Among the disadvantages is the impossibility of using this septic tank with a high level of groundwater on the site.

2 MICROB 450

Best price
Country Russia
Average price: 12,400 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.8

For a dacha that is visited by 1-2 people, a guest house or a change house for the period of building a house, the best option would be a budget septic tank Microb 450. Its capacity is 150 liters per day, and its weight is only 35 kg. Of course, to install it, you will need to make a sand cushion, and apply a layer of insulation on top, since its wall thickness is small. But this septic tank can be installed in areas with any level of groundwater - of course, with the implementation of the manufacturer's design recommendations.

Customers especially like the device's reasonable price and easy installation. Of course, for a country house you will need a septic tank with a larger capacity, but for periodic trips to the country and with a limited budget, Microb 450 is ideal.

As mentioned above, septic tanks are divided into autonomous and volatile. What is their peculiarity, what are their strengths and weak sides- learn from the detailed comparison table:

1 Rostok Mini

Stable performance in all conditions
Country Russia
Average price: 24,120 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.9

Inexpensive autonomous septic tank for a small country house. According to user reviews, due to the small volume (1000 liters) and the lightness of the design (total weight is 65 kilograms), installation does not cause much difficulty. The filtration capacity is 200 liters per day - this is not much, but the septic tank is designed for one or two users. The Rostok Mini copes well with the assigned functions, it requires pumping out once or twice a year (provided that all the supplies and the system are in good order). A very good option for equipping a summer house or a house, which will not hit the pockets of potential consumers hard.

Advantages:

• seamless durable and lightweight (65 kilograms) plastic case;
• the presence of additional stiffeners to give structural strength;
• completely blocks unpleasant odors;
• low, but stable performance;
• does not require frequent maintenance;
• attractive price.

Flaws:

• for its price category - no.

The best volatile septic tanks

Treatment stations, whose biological filters are populated with aerobic microorganisms, are the most technically advanced version of septic tanks. They produce 98% purified water at the outlet - it can be used for irrigation, other technical needs, or discharged directly into the ground. Cleaning the tanks from silt is needed every couple of years, and the organic sediment itself is an excellent fertilizer for plants on the site. Since the drains do not need additional ground filtration, the structure takes up a minimum of space.

Most main disadvantage such systems - the need for an occasion of electricity. As part of the aerobic system, there is always an aerator-compressor that saturates the liquid with oxygen necessary for the vital activity of bacteria. This fact explains the higher cost volatile stations- both during the purchase and installation, and during operation.

5 ERGOBOX 4

Optimal price-quality ratio
Country Russia
Average price: 60,900 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.7

The body of this treatment plant is manufactured using rotational molding technology, which guarantees the absence of seams and uniform thickness of the material. As part of the septic tank, Japanese compressors and German pumps are used in order to ensure the smooth operation of the entire system. In case of loss of power supply, the station can operate normally for two days, after which it switches to the mode of an autonomous septic tank with an anaerobic filter.

Users note, first of all, the excellent value for money of this model. With a capacity of 800 liters, it consumes only 1.5 kW per day and provides a volume of water disposal sufficient for the permanent residence of 4 people. It is possible to choose both a gravity-fed version of the installation, and a variant with a forced ejection of effluents for areas with high level ground water.

4 Tver-0.5P

The best aerator
Country Russia
Average price: 75,000 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.7

The service life of this septic tank declared by the manufacturer is 50 years. This becomes possible due to the fact that a special structural plastic is used for casting the body, and the compressor equipment is made in Japan. The degree of water purification in this line of treatment facilities reaches 98%, which eliminates the need for additional soil filters.

The maximum productivity of the equipment is 500 liters per day, so Tver-0.5P can be recommended for a dacha or a country house with permanent residence of 2-3 people. Customer reviews are almost the same: the device does its job perfectly, there are no smells and noise, and periodic maintenance is required only once a year. The only drawback is the high price with relatively low performance.

3 Unilos Astra 5

User Choice
Country Russia
Average price: 76,000 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.8

One of the most famous septic tank models on the domestic market, which does not have a single visible weak point. If you do not take into account the price level, then the fifth Astra fully meets the requirements of a premium class product (if this is acceptable in this case). The system is based on a very fine filtering effect on the incoming wastewater - thanks to aerobic and anaerobic filters, it is possible to achieve almost 100% of the purification rate. Thus, up to one cubic meter of wastewater is processed per day, which is a normal average value. Input drain pipe can be arranged at heights from 0.6 to 1.2 meters above ground level, which greatly simplifies the installation of the tank.

Advantages:

• high degree of aerobic and anaerobic purification (98%);
• reliable container body;
• good throughput (filtration up to one cubic meter of wastewater per day).

2 Eco-Grand 15 (Poplar)

Best processing ability
Country Russia
Average price: 148,230 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.8

An overall volatile septic tank, ideal for equipping large country houses. Except that the tank weighs 380 kilograms, there are no problems with installation. And in terms of performance, everything is very good: the entire volume of the septic tank is divided into four compartments, two of which are equipped with aerators. After the effluents enter the receiving chamber (volley ejection can reach 450 liters), due to aeration, the solid fractions begin to decompose.

In a separate compartment under the controls there is a compressor for pumping wastewater through the system. By the way, the latter consumes a total of up to 2.8 kilowatts of energy per day - a little, but a decent amount accumulates over a long time of operation.

Advantages:

• active filtration and aeration of incoming wastewater;
• good performance (1.8-2.0 cubic meters of wastewater per day);
• capacity equal to six cubic meters.

Flaws:

• high price;
• increased power consumption.

1 TOPAS 8

The most economical model
Country Russia
Average price: 99,875 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.9

One of the most economical energy-dependent septic tanks available to a wide range of consumers. Putting such a tank in the country is not entirely justified - it is much better suited to a small country house. The convenience of manual installation (as in stand-alone models) is no longer provided here - the entire structure weighs nearly 350 kilograms. Thanks to installed filters does not require cleaning, well limits unpleasant odors, and also filters up to 1.5 cubic meters of wastewater per day. According to users, the cost of power supply is noticeable, but much less than that of competitors and older models of this series - the septic tank consumes only 1.5 kilowatts per day.

Advantages:

• popularity among users;
• low power consumption;
• high efficiency filtration;
• reliable case;
• ease of operation and low maintenance requirements.

Flaws:

• not detected.

The best autonomous septic tanks

Autonomous septic tanks that do not require an electrical connection are the best option for a summer cottage or a country house in a remote area where there are problems with electricity. Their design does not contain moving mechanical parts, so they are simple, reliable and will perform their functions in any case.

Of course, there are also disadvantages - lower productivity, worse level of effluent clarification. Top Models provide no more than 85% purification, and, therefore, the water needs additional filtration. There are several ways - drainage fields, infiltrators, seepage wells- and all of them mean additional cash costs and reduce the usable area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe site. However, for houses with periodic residence, such structures may be more preferable, since they do not consume electricity and can be easily mothballed if necessary.

3 Uponor Sako

Good quality plastic
Country: Sweden/Finland (made in Russia)
Average price: RUB 67,575
Rating (2019): 4.7

The Scandinavian concern for the production of serious household equipment quite successfully came to Russian market. The domestic branch has launched autonomous septic tanks Uponor Sako, suitable for installation both at a private house and in a summer cottage. In general, the system is not bad: it reliably retains unpleasant odors, filters wastewater without problems (but not perfect), and also does not impose high maintenance requirements. The problem area, judging by user reviews, is the extreme intolerance to the removal of rain and drainage water in local system cleaning. Why this is so is a matter of intense debate. But the fact that this is an obvious minus is supported by all and unanimously.

Advantages:

• good standard filtration efficiency;
• quality body materials.

Flaws:

• rainwater or drainage water entering the treatment system leads to a deterioration in filtering capacity.

2 Termite Profi 3.0

Maximum degree of cleaning in the class
Country Russia
Average price: 49,100 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.7

The performance of this model, which uses the principle of anaerobic clarification of wastewater, is 1200 liters per day. At the same time, the level of purification reaches 85%, which allows minimizing the area of ​​the final soil filtration. Such a septic tank with a sufficient supply provides permanent residence for six people. The tank is flushed only once a year, while the structure is completely autonomous.

According to user reviews, the septic tank fully complies with the characteristics declared by the manufacturers, is reliable and practical. It is especially convenient to use it for seasonal living: mothballing it for the winter and then putting it back into operation is not a problem. The disadvantages include a rather complicated installation procedure.

1 Triton-ED-3500 Horizontal

Profitable price
Country Russia
Average price: 43,500 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.8

This one is relatively inexpensive option cleaning system for a summer residence or a country house, where there are significant problems with the power supply. Productivity of model - 700 liters a day that provides requirements of 4 - 6 people. At the same time, the septic tank does not require an electrical connection, and the sludge can be pumped out once a year. Of course, in order for the water discharged into the ground to be sufficiently purified, it will be necessary to additionally apply a drainage field or an infiltrator.

Buyers especially like the horizontal layout of the septic tank, which allows you to limit the depth of the pit, as well as its independence from the mains. The disadvantages of the device are that it must be placed away from living quarters, since it is not possible to completely get rid of odors. This treatment plant is especially well suited for a country house in which a family of 2-3 people lives, but guests periodically come.