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Drywall is a modern finishing material, which is sheets of cardboard, between which there is a gypsum composition.
As a percentage, the gypsum layer is approximately 90% of the entire mass of the sheet, the rest (10%) falls on cardboard, moisture and organic components. As you know, gypsum is a material with high technical and physical properties, so it is widely used in the field of construction and decoration. In the case of drywall building plaster reinforcing fibers, special additives are added, and then all this is placed in a kind of cardboard frame.
Drywall types
Manufacturers are currently producing standard sheets drywall, and materials with improved technical performance.
Material marking must be indicated on the sheets.
GKL - standard sheets.
GKV (GVLV, GVL) - moisture resistant sheets (impregnation with special compounds against moisture, fungus, mold).
GKLO - fire resistant.
Tongue-and-groove blocks standard and hydro - they use a pre-fired gypsum layer.
GKP PS - insulated drywall (expanded polystyrene plate is added).
When using drywall, it is important to consider the conditions in which the material will be used and choose a finish with the appropriate technical characteristics.
Advantages of drywall
Drywall sheets are lightweight, which means that the load on bearing structures will be minimal. This feature of the material is widely used in the design various interiors. At the same time, it becomes possible to save on construction and decoration, without compromising the final result.
Drywall is a flexible, plastic and resilient material. To create various curvilinear structures, bends, arched openings, you just need to slightly moisten the sheets, which, after drying, will completely retain their new shape.
In the manufacture of this finishing material, only natural ingredients are used, so drywall is a completely safe and environmentally friendly product. Sheets do not allocate any toxic substances and do not contain impurities, that is, they are absolutely harmless to humans.
The material is odorless, and the pH level is the same as that of human skin.
High hygroscopicity allows the finish to "breathe", which provides a comfortable indoor climate. Drywall is not combustible, has low thermal conductivity.
Using it for interior decoration, you can create the most different variants finishing, while there are no "wet" processes in the works. It is also important that the terms of construction and finishing works are significantly reduced, which is especially appreciated by both repairmen and owners of the repaired premises.
Disadvantages of drywall
The biggest "minus" of this material is its low moisture resistance. This must be taken into account. When using drywall in rooms with high humidity, it is necessary to use only special sheets with special markings.
During operation, you need to regularly ventilate the premises and make sure that moisture does not get on the drywall.
The fragility of the material should also be taken into account. It is important to keep this in mind both when transporting sheets, and when finishing surfaces and during their direct operation. When installing partitions, it is necessary to make a solid frame and strengthen it in advance so that later, if you need to hang a TV plasma or a shelf, you do not have to destroy the entire structure.
Conditions for the use of drywall
Plasterboard sheets can be used in almost any room, the only requirement is to use material with special markings when operating in special conditions.
In residential premises, ceilings, floors and walls are leveled with drywall. This material is used to create various details in the interior: shelves, arched openings, niches, etc. Drywall is also widely used for the device suspended ceilings varied design.
For finishing the kitchen, bathroom and toilets, only waterproof type material is used, while the room must have high-quality exhaust ventilation. In addition, it is desirable to treat the surface of the sheets with special primers and apply paint or ceramic tile on top.
When using drywall for finishing air ducts or communication shafts, only fire-resistant options that have a special marking are used.
in public and office space often make partitions from drywall. In this case, the frame is first mounted, and then it is sheathed with sheets of material.
Drywall has recently become one of the most common materials for decoration and interior design. Thanks to the properties and technical characteristics of drywall, as well as the ease of production and use, it has become so widespread.
Drywall is a sandwich panel, which consists of two layers of cardboard and a layer of gypsum. In percentage terms, drywall is as follows: 93% - gypsum, 6% - cardboard, 1% - Additional materials. For additional density, fiberglass and a special reinforcing composition are mixed into the gypsum, and special adhesives are used to tightly fit the cardboard to the gypsum. True, their composition is, as a rule, a trade secret of the manufacturing company. The cardboard itself, which is used in the production of drywall, must have certain properties:
- be tight
- freely pass air, i.e. "breathe"
- absorb moisture at high air humidity and release it at low humidity to maintain an optimal microclimate
- have smooth surface which can be finished immediately after installation
- be flexible
Advantages of drywall:
- ecological purity of the material
- the ability of drywall to maintain an optimal microclimate
- the possibility of applying any finish from painting to gluing tiles
- flexibility
- wide range of use
- incombustibility and fire resistance of the material
- the acidity level of drywall is similar to the acidity level of human skin
- good soundproofing properties and low radiation background of drywall
- non-toxicity
- low material cost
- ease
- simplicity and
- when processed with special compounds, drywall acquires additional moisture resistance, fire resistance, strength
- possibility of installation inside drywall construction lamps
Disadvantages of drywall:
- lower strength than other materials
- humidity above 75% requires additional protection of drywall to prevent swelling
- to fix large objects, additional reinforcement of the plasterboard structure is necessary
- special dowels are required for the installation of hinged elements
- eye protection is required when cutting respiratory tract from gypsum dust
- for the installation of drywall with glue, it is necessary to fix the sheet until the surfaces are completely set
The size of the drywall sheet can vary, depending on the need and the manufacturer.
Drywall classification
Drywall is classified according to:
- Mind - moisture resistant, fire resistant, moisture and fire resistant, tongue-and-groove. Moisture-resistant drywall is additionally treated to protect against fungi. It absorbs only 10% moisture in a set amount of time. The tongue-and-groove is used for the construction of partitions. Gypsum, which is inside, is fired, which contributes to the acquisition of additional strength.
- Color - moisture resistant drywall dyed green and blue colors, ordinary drywall - in gray and blue, fire-resistant - in gray and red.
- Thickness - the thickness of the drywall sheet is from 6 to 24 mm. Thin sheets of drywall are used mainly for repairing surfaces and creating relief, and the thickest sheets for finishing walls in order to increase their strength and wear resistance.
- The type of edge is straight (ordinary drywall), thinned (taking into account the sealing of the seam with reinforcing tape), semicircular (sealing of the seam with putty is provided), semicircular thinned (the seam is sealed with reinforcing tape and putty), rounded (used for subsequent plastering).
Applications of drywall
Drywall sheets are used for:
- creation of architectural compositions - columns, skirting boards, shelves
- repair of existing structures
- filling cavities and openings
Moisture-resistant drywall is used mainly in the decoration of the kitchen, bathroom, bathroom. Fire-resistant - when creating air ducts and communication shafts (telephone and electrical cables, plumbing, heating and dust extraction systems). Drywall is also used when laying a prefabricated floor.
Features of drywall installation
When mounted on smooth walls drywall sheets are attached to a gypsum-based mounting adhesive. Any kind of unevenness and level differences require a more thorough approach. First, a frame made of wooden slats 2-2.5 cm thick or metal profile, then drywall is attached to it using ordinary screws, however, the holes for the screws must first be drilled. To create convex or concave structures, the sheet must first be wetted and fixed on the template until completely dry. For better penetration of water into the drywall, you can use a special roller with metal needles. The place of the bend is rolled with a roller, pressing it tightly against the surface of the drywall so that the needles make a sufficient number of holes. Then put on the entire area with holes damp cloth. To avoid breaking the sheet, the fabric must be wetted several times after it dries.
Between the sheets leave gaps of 3-5 mm, which are subsequently puttied. In order to avoid the appearance of cracks in the places of former joints, it is necessary to place the sheets in such a way that the joints fall on the profile, and glue the joints themselves before puttying with a construction bandage or sickle.
For fastening shelves, cabinets, ceiling and wall lamps use special dowels, which are selected depending on the mass of the load and the thickness of the drywall sheet itself (at the rate of 6 kg per 1 sq. M.). If it is necessary to fasten heavier objects, at the stage of creating the frame, an additional metal bar is fixed in the places where these objects are fastened.
Drywall (GKL), invented in the XIX century, received the most wide application in the construction and repair industry. This is sheet material with a core of gypsum dough reinforced with special fillers. The outer planes of drywall are made of construction paper that is resistant to tearing, abrasion and moisture. It acts as a basis for applying various finishing materials. Cardboard restrains internal stress that occurs in gypsum, due to which GKL, having a certain elasticity, demonstrates good compressive rigidity.
Drywall: a versatile building material
Plasterboard sheets are an inexpensive, convenient and practical material that is used to make and level walls, partitions, false ceilings, window and door slopes, as well as various elements of interior design. Thus, gypsum plasterboard structures allow improving the ergonomics of the room and dividing it into functional zones.
Pros and cons of drywall
In order for the interior, made with the use of gypsum boards, to look beautiful and serve as long as possible, it is necessary to carefully calculate the plasterboard structures and select a high-quality material that meets the operating conditions for their installation.
First of all, you should decide where exactly in the premises it is worth using drywall, and where it is quite possible to do without it. Next, you need to evaluate the pros and cons of GKL as a finishing material.
Among the main advantages of GKL are:
- environmental Safety;
- mechanical flexibility;
- high temperature resistance;
- excellent soundproofing properties;
- low specific gravity;
- low cost.
One of the most important properties drywall is the ability to "breathe". Walls made of this material absorb well excess moisture and give it back if the air outside the structure is dry. As a result, the optimal microclimate will always be maintained in the room. At the same time, GKL is non-toxic, and with additional processing with special compounds, it acquires additional mechanical strength, as well as moisture and heat resistance.
However, for all its advantages, drywall also has disadvantages. Chief among them are low mechanical strength and poor resistance to moisture. So, for mounting furniture items and other interior elements with a large mass on walls made of gypsum plasterboard, additional reinforcement of the structure is necessary. When installing on glue, a reliable fixation of the sheet is required until the surfaces to be glued set, which is often associated with certain difficulties. If the humidity in the room exceeds 75%, the material requires additional protection to avoid swelling and loss of bearing capacity. And, finally, the gypsum board is quite fragile, and when cut, it releases gypsum dust, so it should be handled quite carefully, which, of course, affects the speed of work.
Types and scope of drywall
Obviously, the drywall installed in the bathroom should be different from the one planned to be installed in the living room or, say, the bedroom. What's the matter here? Everything is very simple - to change the properties, various reinforcing components are added to the composition of the core, while the cardboard is made thicker with the use of various protective coatings.
In total, the GCR is classified according to the following criteria:
- composition and purpose;
- edge type;
- sheet size.
Therefore, in order to choose drywall for finishing a particular room, you need to figure out how it happens and what properties are inherent in each of its varieties.
ClassificationGKL pabout appointment
Depending on the conditions that are present in the finished room, the following main categories of GKL:
- Wall plasterboard (sheet color: gray, marking color: blue).
- Moisture resistant GKLV (sheet color: green, marking color: blue).
The GKLV gypsum composition includes antifungal components and silicone, the properties of which ensure the resistance of the material to high humidity and temperature changes in the room. To achieve maximum moisture resistance, it is recommended to provide the front side of the green GKL with additional protection - a waterproof paint coating on a primer, ceramic tiles, waterproofing materials, PVC, etc.
- Fire-resistant GKLO (sheet color: gray, marking color: red).
Has increased resistance to impact open fire by adding refractory reinforcing components to the core. It is used for finishing production areas, attic space, ventilation shafts and channels, switchboards, etc.
- Moisture-fire-resistant GKLVO (color: green, marking color: red).
Combines the properties of GKLV and GKLO. It is used for finishing industrial premises with a high level of humidity, which are subject to high fire safety requirements. 
- Arched (sheet color: light gray, thickness 6.5 mm).
Serves for the manufacture of curved elements, incl. small radius. The core of such drywall is reinforced with fiberglass, which allows you to significantly bend the sheet without visible damage. At the same time, due to the small thickness of the arched GKL, the structures are sheathed in two layers. 
- Acoustic (perforated).
The peculiarity of this type of GKL is that its surface is perforated with holes with a diameter of 1 cm, and the back side of the sheet is supplied with a soundproof cloth, for example, spandbond. Acoustic drywall is used in the decoration of recording studios, concert halls, home theaters, boiler rooms and other rooms that need sound insulation.
Classification by edge type
Depending on the application and installation requirements, drywall can have one of the following types of edges:
The most widely used wall and moisture-resistant drywall with a thinned and semicircular thinned edge. It is this form that allows you to close the joints without the risk of the formation of protrusions and irregularities.
Size classification
As a standard, GKL is produced with a thickness of 6, 9, 12.5 or 18 mm. The low thickness is great for sheathing curved surfaces, creating double ceilings, decorative elements interior, etc. GKL 9 mm thick is used for sheathing ceiling planes, while walls are recommended to be made of 12 mm sheets. However, some experts believe that it is necessary to hang almost the thickest drywall on the ceiling, but here everything depends on the purpose and parameters of the room and, of course, the requirements of the customer. 
The standard sheet size is 1200x2500 mm, although there are others. Recently, GKL has appeared on the market with dimensions of 600x2500 mm. In terms of area, it costs a little more, but it is much more convenient to work with it. Especially in narrow and cramped rooms or when finishing complex surfaces.
The weight of a standard wall sheet with a thickness of 12.5 mm is about 30 kg, which must be taken into account when calculating and installing a wall or ceiling structure.
Drywall profiles
The basis of any drywall construction are metal profiles. They are responsible for the bearing capacity and mechanical rigidity of the latter. To create a rigid frame on which drywall sheets fitted to each other are mounted, the following types of profiles are used:
- Frame guides (PN or UW).
The standard depth and width of such a profile are 40-75 and 50-100 mm and are selected depending on the planned wall thickness.
- Ceiling guides (PNP or UD).
Designed to create ceiling frames. Indispensable for the installation of multi-level ceiling structures.
- Ceiling (software or CD).
Attached to the ceiling with straight hangers or anchor clips. The ceiling structure itself is formed from profiles of this type.
- Rack-mounted (PS or CW).
They are used to fix the foundation of walls and partitions made of drywall. Fastened directly to the guide profiles.
- Beacon (PM).
Used when leveling walls for subsequent plastering.
- Corner (UP).
Are intended for alignment and strengthening of internal and external corners.
What do you need to work with drywall?
When working with metal profiles, it is most preferable to use crab-type bolts - they provide reliable fastening of the structural elements and exclude its weakening during the installation of the plasterboard, finishing and subsequent operation. In addition to "crabs", for the installation of walls, ceilings and other drywall structures, the following are used:
- perpendicular frame fastenings;
- extension cords;
- anchor clamps;
- direct suspensions;
- two-level connectors, etc.
In the process of installing a metal structure, you will need tools such as:
Cutting profiles for drywall circular saw it is impossible, because galvanizing is destroyed due to high temperature, and this can cause corrosion and subsequent destruction of the entire structure. Also, do not unbend or partially cut profiles, as this will lead to a critical decrease in load-bearing capacity.
To work with the drywall itself, you need:
- stationery knife;
- long line;
- roulette;
- pencil or marker;
- square;
- patterns (when creating curved structures).
It is most convenient to install the GKL using a wired or battery-type screwdriver with the function of adjusting the direction and speed of rotation.
How to choose quality material?
As for the drywall itself, you should only buy material provided by well-known manufacturers. Top sheet, with which the manufacturer covers the pack, is called packaging and is not subject to sale. GKL must be dry, have whole corners and integral front and back surfaces.
The material offered to the buyer should be stored in a horizontal position in covered warehouses with a normal level of humidity and temperature.
When buying profiles Special attention should pay attention to the thickness of the metal and its mechanical rigidity. A high-quality profile cannot be crushed by hand, and if there is a shoulder, it does not bend under its own weight. The galvanizing of the profile should be shiny without white spots, traces of primer and corrosion. The same applies to other fasteners. The standard length of the guide profiles is 3 or 4 m, however, if necessary, a cut profile can be purchased, which will probably allow the buyer to save some money. 
When buying a GKL, you should pay attention to its origin (brand, date of manufacture, manufacturer, etc.), as well as how the sheets are stored. Accompanying materials are purchased in the same way - after the buyer makes sure of their quality.
How to choose drywall, video
Tsugunov Anton Valerievich
Reading time: 6 minutes
Despite the fact that drywall was used in Soviet time, it has become widespread only in the last two decades. Do-it-yourself drywall work is quite within your power ordinary man in the street, with a minimum of building skills, and the scope of this material is extremely wide. It is ideal for leveling walls and ceilings in apartments, building all kinds of arches, interior partitions and creating other interior details that give the apartment its individuality.
Drywall is valued by finishers for its undeniable advantages.
- The material is excellent value for money.
- In addition to solving aesthetic problems, it can be used for warming apartments, increasing their sound insulation.
- Under its surface, it is easy to hide not only the unevenness of the wall, but also protruding pipes and communications.
- Working with drywall is not accompanied by as much dust and dirt as, for example, plastering walls or whitewashing the ceiling.
- This finishing material is environmentally friendly, does not conduct electricity and is easy to use.
All these factors determined the widespread use of drywall in repair work.
What is drywall
Before you figure out how to work with drywall, you need to decide on its types. Building material must be selected taking into account the specifics of the room and its microclimate. For convenience, the sheets of material are painted in different colors depending on the type.
- In normal rooms with normal humidity gray plasterboard is used.
- Fire-resistant sheets marked with the abbreviation GKLO are painted in pink or light purple. They are used when finishing surfaces near stoves and fireplaces.
- Letters GKLV and in green designates moisture-resistant drywall for bathrooms and kitchens.
- For finishing walls and ceilings in the kitchen, you can also use sheets of dark gray or blue color, which have the designation GKLVO. They combine good moisture resistance with high fire resistance.
- Often used to create curved structures. arched drywall GKLA. It has a smaller thickness - 6-7 mm and is very plastic.
most detailed information about the types of this material and its parameters, as well as its classification according to the new GOST can be found in the article "".
Profiles for drywall installation
Installation of drywall can be carried out in two ways: on glue or on a frame. More often used frame structure, which has only one drawback: a more significant reduction inner space rooms. But with its help it is easier to level the walls or ceiling, provide heat and sound insulation of the room, hide communications.
Fastening drywall to a frame made of wooden bars is currently rare, it is much more convenient to use special metal profiles. Their length is standard and is 3 m, and the remaining parameters are indicated in the profile marking. The first number is the width of the profile, and the second is its height.
- The basis of the drywall frame is made up of guide profiles, designated PN or UW. Ceiling or rack profiles are attached to them.
- For fixing suspended ceilings and for wall cladding, guides are used that are marked PNP or UD.
- Insert into guides ceiling profiles PP or CD, also used when leveling walls, which are subsequently fixed with crabs or anchors. With their help, a frame and jumpers are formed.
- To create walls and partitions, rack profiles are inserted into the rails, denoted by the abbreviation PS or CW.
For curved structures and arches, a special arched profile is used. There is also a corner profile designed to strengthen the outer and inner corners.
In addition, a wide variety of fasteners are produced, thanks to which do-it-yourself drywall work on walls and ceilings turns into an assembly of an exciting designer.
The profiles are attached to the wall and ceiling using U-shaped brackets, self-tapping screws and dowel-nails. quick installation". To fasten the profiles together, you can use rivets or a cutter (special mounting pliers). There are many parts for fasteners, but with a single do-it-yourself work most of of them is not required.
Required Tools
The tool that will be needed when installing a drywall structure is best prepared in advance.
- When attaching the profiles to the wall, you will have to drill a lot of holes for the dowels. With normal impact drill this process can turn into a real torment. Therefore, it is better to stock up on a good puncher.
- A screwdriver with a set of interchangeable bits is useful when mounting the frame on a wall or ceiling and fixing drywall sheets.
- You will also need a hammer, metal shears, a screwdriver, a level, a plumb line, a clerical knife and a spatula.
This is a necessary minimum, you can expand the list of tools based on your needs and capabilities.
Sheet cutting
In order to cut a sheet of drywall, you can use a regular clerical knife. With its help, an incision is made along the ruler on one side of the sheet, after which the sheet is easily broken into two parts.
If you want to cut a curved hole, such as an arch, it is better to use a jigsaw. It is necessary to insert a metal file into it and cut at maximum speed.
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To obtain a smooth bend, you can do without incisions. The GKL sheet is attached with one side to the prepared curved frame, the free side is slowly and carefully bent, rounded in the shape of the frame. This job is best done by two people.
Check out the video tutorial that will show you how the pros do it:
With the wet method, the side of the GKL sheet, which will be concave, must be moistened. For best effect you can walk on the surface with a spiked roller, and in its absence - with an ordinary fork. Once wet, the sheet can be gently folded into the desired shape. It is best to carefully lay it on the template, wrap it with tape and leave it to dry completely.
Surface preparation
Regardless of the purpose and method of fixing drywall, the surface of the wall or ceiling needs preliminary preparation.
- . It can be paint, wallpaper or fragile plaster.
- Large cracks are primed and sealed with cement mortar.
- The surface is treated with an antiseptic, otherwise mold or fungus may develop under the drywall.
In most cases, this method is used to level the walls. Order installation work it will be as follows:
- On the ceiling, a line is drawn on the inner edge of the drywall sheet. In this case, the distance from the wall cannot be less than the thickness of the profile, that is, 30 mm.
- A UD guide profile is screwed along this line. Its outer border should coincide with our line, and it will be between the wall and the mark.
- Using a plumb line, the same line is drawn on the floor and another UD profile is screwed. If everything is done carefully, then the profiles will be in a single vertical plane.
- Installation of vertical racks. Each sheet of drywall must be screwed to three such racks from the CD profile: one is located in the center of the sheet, and two along the edges. With a standard drywall width of 120 mm, vertical posts must be installed every 60 mm. Adjacent sheets will also be attached to the profiles located at the edges. The verticality of the profiles is checked using a level.
- Racks are fixed with a cutter or self-tapping screws. In order for the frame to become rigid, each rack must be connected to the wall using brackets. They are attached to the wall with dowels in increments of 500–600 mm. In the future, their edges are bent and attached to the profiles with self-tapping screws. In this case, it is necessary to avoid the curvature of the racks, controlling the level of their verticality.
If the ceiling is leveled with drywall, then anchors are used instead of dowels when fastening. Rough plastic dowels and self-tapping screws can only be used in case of a slight load. Also, when installing the ceiling, wire strands and "butterflies" are used, which are necessary if the distance between the ceiling and the GKL sheet is significant.
- Sheets of drywall are attached to the frame with self-tapping screws 30–35 mm long. The distance between the attachment points should not exceed 20 cm, most often a step of 10–15 cm is chosen.
The caps of the screws must be deepened into the sheet by a few millimeters.
Sealing joints between sheets
When fixing drywall, a gap of 1–2 mm is allowed between adjacent sheets. At the final stage, it is necessary to process these joints so that the drywall surface is ready for fine finishing.
- If there is no factory chamfer on the sheets, then it is necessary to make it with a sharp knife at an angle of 45 degrees.
- This triangular seam is filled with putty, and a sickle mesh is glued on top. It is pressed with a spatula and recessed in putty. The corners are puttied with special perforated corners. You should also not forget to fill with putty all the recesses formed at the screwing points of the screws, otherwise the rust from them will eventually come through the finish.
Drywall is construction material, which makes it possible to carry out the so-called "dry plaster", doing without excessive dirt during finishing work. The use of plasterboard panels significantly reduces the time and cost of the work performed. Therefore, today the use of drywall is becoming popular in the construction or repair, insulation of residential, office and industrial premises, provided there is no high humidity.
Gypsum is a natural stone, having a relatively small weight, formed from sedimentary rocks. Its astringent properties were known to the ancient Egyptians, who actively used it in construction and plaster mixtures. In the nineteenth century, gypsum as a building material found a new use: the owner of a paper mill, American Augustine Sackett, invented the “board” to increase sales of his products, fastening several layers of paper with gypsum mortar.
Modern drywall is a sandwich of two sheets of cardboard with a gypsum “stuffing” placed between them, with protected end edges - an invention of American engineers at the beginning of the twentieth century.
The popularity of the use of drywall is explained by its properties, which can significantly reduce the time and financial costs of construction and repair work. This is, first of all:
- Small specific gravity;
- Environmental Safety;
- Ease of processing and installation;
- Fire-fighting properties;
- Low moisture content;
- Good sound absorption;
- Low cost.
There are several types of drywall panels. Today you can buy ordinary drywall panels that are suitable for dry rooms, as well as drywall sheets designed for rooms with high humidity or fire hazard:
- Standard drywall - designed for ordinary walls;
- Ceiling - thinner, with reduced weight, used to level ceilings and create multi-level structures;
- Moisture resistant - used for finishing rooms with high humidity - bathrooms, entrance rooms;
- Flame retardant - less susceptible to high temperatures and an open source of fire. Widely used for facing fireplaces and walls adjacent to the heating source;
- Arched - used by designers when modeling curvilinear forms;
- Acoustic - excellent sound-absorbing properties of this material make it indispensable in industrial premises or offices with high noise levels.
Thanks to the use of drywall sheets, it is possible to insulate the room in a short time, laying between outer wall and plasterboard panel layer of mineral wool. “Dry” plaster is especially popular: the walls finished with plasterboard panels are a perfectly flat surface, which can later be processed with all types of finishing materials - paint, whitewash, wallpaper, apply decorative plaster.
The availability and ease of processing of the material allows it to be used by owners of apartments or private houses when self repair. Specialists widely use gypsum boards to model space, realizing the most daring design fantasies. Using drywall, you can quickly and inexpensively build interior walls yourself, dividing large room into two separate ones.
Features of working with drywall
Like any building material, drywall has its own characteristics that must be considered when working with it. We must not forget that gypsum itself is a fragile material, therefore, even reinforced with cardboard sheets, it is afraid of mechanical loads and deformations. For the same reason, if necessary, cutting drywall sheet you need to use thin cutting tool- a construction knife is well suited for this purpose.
It is recommended to store drywall sheets in a horizontal position on a flat surface, in order to avoid their deformation. In extreme cases, to save space, you can put drywall panels vertically, leaning the upper edge of the first sheet against the wall, while the lower edge of the sheet should recede from the wall at a distance of no more than 10 - 12 cm. All other sheets should be installed in a dense layer to the first – this way, unnecessary deformations can be avoided. In addition, even moisture-resistant GKL should not be left without the necessary protection in open space, in order to avoid damage to the material under the influence of natural precipitation.
Compliance with the basic rules for storing and working with drywall greatly facilitates its use even when making repairs or redevelopment of housing with your own hands. It should be remembered that when arranging an additional wall, the GKL must be mounted on a pre-prepared rigid frame made of wooden beams or a metal profile using fixing materials. Plasterboard panels are attached to the wall in several ways:
- On a wooden frame;
- On a frame made of a metal profile;
- On the wall surface using mortar or glue.
Fastening to a wooden frame
This type of fastening is mainly used in the construction frame houses in the USA. The complexity of its application in our conditions lies in the need to equalize possible differences on the surfaces of the walls. To do this, it is necessary either to chop off the most protruding parts of the wall, or to lay additional bars in places of the largest recesses. The frame itself consists of racks and jumpers, which are pre-attached to the wall, and then a drywall sheet is sewn onto them.
One of the disadvantages of this method is the need to use high-quality dried material, since insufficiently dried wood deforms when dried, as a result of which the entire wooden structure may warp. However, in forest-rich regions, the use wooden structures more popular, since the cost of timber here is much lower than the cost of a metal profile.
In order to sheathe walls with drywall on a wooden frame, the following tools are needed:
- Level and plumb for mounting the frame (you can use a laser builder);
- Construction roulette, ruler;
- Hacksaw for wood;
- Perforator for punching a wall for fastening;
- Construction knife or file for cutting drywall sheets;
- Screwdriver.
The walls must first be cleaned of peeling layers of plaster, wallpaper, dust, dirt. Find wall irregularities using plumb lines or a laser builder and install signal beacons. After that, you can markup the future wooden frame using a tape measure, level, plumb or laser tool. When building a wooden frame, it is recommended to use a wooden beam with a section of 60 - 40 mm.
- Horizontal rails are mounted. Previously, small recesses are made on them at the attachment points of the vertical racks in accordance with the markings;
- Using self-tapping screws, vertical racks are attached to horizontal bars.
- Panels are attached to uprights using self-tapping screws, at a distance of about 15 cm. In this case, it is necessary to partially deepen the head of the self-tapping screw so that it does not protrude on the surface, creating irregularities.
To equip a wooden frame, it is necessary to take a timber treated against fungus and pests with a moisture-resistant composition.
Tip: to enhance heat and moisture insulation, you can insulate the walls before installing the wooden frame mineral wool and foil coated.
Installation of plasterboard panels on a metal frame
The most common way to fasten drywall panels and false walls is to use a metal profile under the frame. The construction industry offers a metal profile specially designed for drywall and other special devices. Most often, two types of profile are used - D and W. The first is smaller, it is used when forming a plane for fastening panels. The second is used to mount the frame on the walls. In addition to these two basic sizes, there are two profile options for each of them: C and U, support and guide. You can learn more about the purpose of these profiles, the features of their use on construction sites.
Usage metal structures makes it possible to create an ideal surface for any initial curvature of the walls.
To install drywall panels on a metal frame, you will need:
- Metal tape measure;
- Building level not less than 80 cm;
- Plumb;
- Twine;
- Rule;
- Reversible drill or screwdriver;
- Perforator and dowels;
- Construction knife, file, grater for working with drywall;
- Metal shears for profile cutting.
Starting to form metal frame, it is necessary to prepare the adjacent surfaces in advance: the walls must be plastered, and the floor must be perfectly flat, if necessary, a screed should be carried out. Preliminary marking is carried out, where all irregularities are taken into account, including defects in the corners between adjacent walls, and an accurate drawing of the frame is built.
The profile is fastened using special clamps, forming a frame for plasterboard panels. The principle of marking and device of a metal frame is identical to the device of a frame made of wooden beam, taking into account the features of the metal profile, its varieties and methods of fastening.
Important: the front part of the racks and jumpers must lie in a single plane.
It is convenient to lay the necessary communications, soundproofing and heat-saving materials between the wall and the frame. The metal frame has a slight disadvantage: it is a good conductor of sounds, so when using it, it is recommended to use a heater that muffles any sound source. This property of a frame made of a metal profile should also be taken into account when installing interior walls.
The use of building glue when facing walls with drywall.
Provided that the walls that are planned to be subjected to "dry plaster" using GKL sheets do not require additional alignment or insulation, you can fix drywall panels directly on them using building adhesive mixtures.
This type of installation is the lowest budget, it can be easily done even by a beginner. House master with their own hands without the use of special tools, additional materials.
Required for work: drywall sheets, adhesive mortar or putty, sharp knife for cutting drywall board, construction tape measure.
Advantages of adhesive mounting:
- Ease of attachment;
- Short terms of work;
- Space saving;
- The minimum set of tools and materials.
Perhaps the most important advantage adhesive method is the opportunity even for “dummies” to level the surfaces for finishing with their own hands.
The main disadvantages of this method are the impossibility of using heat and sound insulating materials between the wall and the panel, as well as difficult access to electrical wiring and other communications hidden under plasterboard panels, if necessary.
The use of drywall for decorating rooms
As already mentioned, drywall is used not only to create interior partitions, wall or ceiling cladding, but also to decorate rooms, create separate zones, and spectacular reliefs.
The use of this material allows designers to transform a boring room by visually changing the space, apply, if necessary, smooth lines of transition from one plane to another, create decorative elements, such as false fireplaces, arches, niches for lighting or art objects.
In addition, to mask communications or divide the premises into separate zones in modern apartments you can install false columns of square or semicircular type. AT spacious rooms you can make real columns of a round or ribbed type by mounting decorative niches or shelves in them.
The use of GKL for internal renovation and decoration of the premises allows you to realize any creative idea. This material has a relatively low cost, requires minimal skills to work with it, makes it possible to significantly transform the space, giving the room an updated, well-groomed look.
