Settlement storm sewer system scheme. Storm sewer - device and installation of a functional system

In order to divert water from precipitation from the foundation of the house and from the site, storm sewers are used. At the same time, for high-quality installation and selection of elements, a certain level of knowledge and skills is required.

In the case of a responsible approach to studying the issue, you can equip a high-quality storm sewer yourself. First of all, the purpose of such a system should be understood.

What is a storm sewer for?

In addition to the direct removal of water from precipitation, storm sewers perform a protective function. When draining from the roof of the building, water enters the blind area (which can be arranged independently), the foundation, from which it rises along the walls. The walls are destroyed by moisture.

Not only the house can suffer from the influence of precipitation, but also the area adjacent to it. Not a single plant will grow on a site with stagnant water, and it will become just a dirty patch. On the paths where precipitation collects, puddles will form, making it difficult to approach the house. For beds, the presence of excess rainwater is also undesirable. Therefore, water from precipitation must be diverted.

When is storm sewer required?

The answer to this question is very simple - always. To increase the life and quality of operation, each building must be equipped with a system for draining water from precipitation. Unfortunately, most often the idea of ​​​​arranging storm sewers comes quite late, when the building is destroyed and requires serious repairs.

Therefore, it is important to plan the arrangement of gutters and drainage systems at the design and construction stage of the building. These elements are being arranged in parallel with the roofing works and filling the blind area. Such work is extremely important in regions with high levels of precipitation.

Before starting work on the arrangement of storm sewers, you should study the issue and get acquainted with the algorithm for its creation.

Scheme for creating a storm sewer

Two schemes can be used to create a system for collecting sedimentary water:

• Dot scheme of storm sewers;
• Linear diagram of a storm sewer.

A point-type storm system is needed to collect water from the roof of buildings. The process of its installation is quite laborious and requires installation and ground work.

• Through the drainage system, water from the roof is collected in storm water inlets and is redirected to the collector well through special highways equipped underground, and is discharged out of the territory land plot.
• In places of accumulation of sedimentary water, it is allowed to install an additional well connected by a pipeline to a collector well.
• At the moment of snow melting, a reverse outflow of water from the collector well is possible. To prevent such an undesirable situation, it is necessary to install check valve for the collector.

Storm sewer linear type is necessary to collect precipitation from the blind area, paths and lawns.

Such a drainage system is most often dug around the perimeter of the blind area or along the paths near the building. The main rule of installation is the location of the drainage trays strictly perpendicular to the water flow.

Useful information! To prevent various debris and leaves from getting into the collector instead of water, storm grates are installed on top of the drains. At the junction of the pipe leading to the collector and the drainage tray a plastic grate is placed to trap the sand.

To ensure the high-quality functioning of storm sewers and reliable protection of the house from sedimentary moisture, it is necessary to use both systems in combination. Before starting the installation of storm sewers and purchasing the required materials, it is necessary to carry out design work and calculations.

SNiP for storm sewers: calculation

To determine the required diameter of the drain, storm water inlets, drainage elements of the system, it is necessary to take into account the level of precipitation in the region. This information can be obtained from the following normative documents: SP 32.13330.2012 or "SNiP 2.04.03-85 Sewerage. External networks and structures”.

To calculate the amount of sedimentary water that needs to be diverted, you must use the formula given in these documents Q=qtwenty ? F? ?, where

Q- the volume of precipitation, the water of which must be diverted;

? - coefficient of water absorption.

In this case, the coefficient will depend on the quality of the surface:

1 - for the roof;

0.95 - for asphalt coatings;

0.85 - for cement coatings;

0.6 - materials from crushed stone with bituminous processing;

0.4 - for gravel and crushed stone materials that have not been treated with bitumen or treated with bitumen analogues.

q 20 — the intensity of precipitation in the region, measured in l/s per hectare. The formula for calculating this parameter is described in SNiP 2.04.03-85;

F- surface area from which water will be discharged.

According to the data obtained, the required volume of pipes for storm sewers is easily determined.

Table of performance of the drainage system (in l / s) depending on the diameter of the pipes used and the slope of their location.

Using the obtained pipe diameters and the slope of the location, we calculate the required number of elements for storm sewers and fix their location. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that the distance between the drain and the storm water inlet should not be more than 25 cm. When arranging a collector well, it is necessary to deepen it to the threshold of soil freezing in the region. For example, for central regions In Russia, this threshold is 1.4 meters.

In the case when it is impossible to deepen the collector to a sufficient level, it is insulated.

After all the calculations have been made, it is necessary to take up the choice of materials for mounting storm sewers.

Selection of elements and pipes

First of all, when choosing pipes, you should pay attention to the temperature thresholds in the region, since, for example, plastic pipes burst in severe frosts.

All storm sewers can be divided into main and auxiliary components. The main ones include:

• Pipes. These components are most often located underground, so they are not affected by significant temperature changes. This allows the use of pipes made of polymeric materials: pipes made of polypropylene or multilayer polymer pipes corrugated type (they are more often used at great depths).
• rainwater inlets. These elements are designed to collect water from gutters and redirect it to the storm system. They are made from polypropylene materials, cast iron and polymer concrete. To prevent clogging of pipes, storm water inlets must be purchased with a removable wastebasket.
• Storm sewer trays. As materials for the production of this element, concrete, plastic, stainless steel. The inner section of the tray reaches 100-500 mm (some models have a slope). To prevent contamination, a grate is installed on top, made of the same material as the tray itself. Such a lattice performs not only a protective, but also a decorative function.
• Door trays. This is a rectangular element installed near the entrance to the room. Most often made of plastic, the upper grille can be steel.
• Sand traps. These are trash bins. They are made of plastic and installed at the junction of trays and pipes.
• Collector well. On the market you can find great amount models of this element of the storm system, produced from the most different materials.
• Manholes. They are located in the corners or at the junction of several pipes. Needed to ensure quick cleaning of the sewer.

Auxiliary elements include all the necessary materials that will be needed during the installation and arrangement of sewers:

• Socket bends and tees;
• Couplings for connections, etc.

After all the materials are prepared, we proceed to the installation of the entire system.

Features of installing a storm system

The installation of storm sewers should begin after the commissioning of the drainage system.

Installation Features:

• The most complex and time-consuming work is land. They are done in the first step. Trenches are dug across the entire sewerage area. It is necessary to fill the trenches with a sand cushion (10 cm high).
• Storm water inlets are installed under each drain. At the same time, the depth of the pits should be such that, after installation, the grate of the storm water inlet is on the same level with the blind area.
• Pipes are laid (drainage corrugated), with the help of which the storm water inlets are connected into a single system connected to the collector well. It is important to seal the joints.
• The slope of the pipes leading from the storm water inlet to the collector well is 2 degrees.
• The linear type sewer must also be connected to the collector.
• It is not necessary to make a collector well of the final precise system. It is necessary that water be drained from this element outside the site, for example, into a central sewer or a ravine.

It is important to carefully carry out the work and check all the joints and pipe slopes.

Conclusion

The arrangement of storm sewers on the site is not a difficult task. In order to keep the system in working order, it is necessary to perform seasonal cleaning of the system or as it becomes clogged. In addition, it is necessary to check the manholes, the collector, flush the walls of all elements of the system. All outdoor grills must be cleaned weekly. How to clean it is fashionable to read "Cleaning the storm sewer" in more detail.

A well-made storm sewer will provide dry paths near your home and protect the site from excess dampness.

Sometimes for a summer resident, the long-awaited rain at the height of the season becomes real. natural disaster. As a result of a protracted summer downpour, as well as during a spring flood, a real lake can form on the site.

In order to avoid stagnation of water, a system for collecting and removing it from the territory is needed. If a storm sewer is built with your own hands, then the cost of its construction will be minimal.

In the article presented for review, the principle of the atmospheric water removal system is described in detail, the components of the structure are described. We will tell you how best to build it and how to maintain it. Taking into account our advice, the organization of storm water will not cause the slightest difficulty.

Storm sewers are a specific design. The water discharged through this system contains both small and large debris. Therefore, in the stormwater must be primary cleaning.

The system may differ in the volume of water that it is able to accept, design, duration of effective operation.

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Storm sewage is a system of channels arranged in the ground, water inlets, sand traps, inspection and collector wells. It is designed to collect and drain rainwater from the territory.

The storm sewer device will prevent flooding of the site during the flood period and during heavy rainfall, which is especially important for areas with clay soils

Stormwater will protect the underground parts of structures from erosion by water, eliminate subsidence of the foundations due to the soil washed out under them

You can buy a cast-iron or plastic storm water inlet. The former are preferable in the case of heavy loads, while the latter are attractive due to their moderate cost, light weight, and simplifies installation. More cheap option- make a storm water well for storm sewers at your dacha with your own hands from brick.

The walls of the pit are lined with brick, leaving a hole for the pipe, then plastered from the inside. Better yet, leave a gap between the wall of soil and the cover and fill it with concrete. The bottom of the storm water inlet must be concreted.

Not a single stormwater can do without a storm water inlet. It preserves both the foundation of the building and the covering around it. If you try to save on its installation, then the water that gets on the foundation will lead to shrinkage and cracks on the walls of the building

Do this important element and from concrete rings. Then the lower ring can be purchased with a ready-made bottom and you do not have to fill the stove. Sometimes factory storm water inlets go on sale complete with a basket‚ siphon‚ decorative grille.

Most often used for private construction, storm water inlets made of plastic or composite materials are produced in the form of a cube, in which each side is 30-40 cm. There are adapters for inserting pipes from below and on all sides of the product.

In order not to clog the pipes with debris that enters through the grate cells, the storm water inlets are equipped with baskets. As soon as they are full, they are taken out and cleaned, then returned to their place.

The design of the factory storm water inlet provides for partitions dividing it inner space on compartments and creating a water seal. As a result bad smell from decaying organic matter does not penetrate outside.

The efficiency of a point storm water inlet depends not only on its volume, but also on the installation location. It should be located under a drain or in a place where moisture constantly collects. If it is installed under the pipe, then the jets must hit the center of the grate exactly, otherwise some of the water will fall on the foundation or yard cover in the form of splashes.

Why are sandboxes needed?

Rain and melt water in any case contains a certain percentage of insoluble particles. If sand traps are not included in the scheme, dirt will settle in the sewer, and it will cease to function in full. Flushing the system is expensive.

A sand trap is a chamber installed behind point receivers in places where water is discharged into underground pipes. It is designed so that the flow of water, getting into it, reduces the speed.

As a result, under the influence of gravity, suspended particles sink to the bottom, and the liquid released from them leaves through a special hole. In terms of shape, the sand catcher is a trap with a plurality of chambers located horizontally or a chamber in a vertical design.

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Point storm water inlets are equipped with devices to retain sand and filter water. In fact, such a system does not need additional sand-trapping components.

In combined storm systems, sand traps are installed in linear sections and before outlet to the collector / absorber

The dimensions and volume of sand traps depend on the volume of water collected and the class of the storm sewer itself.

Regardless of the dimensions, all types of sand traps are equipped with sand collection devices that allow you to empty the device in a simple and affordable way.

Sand trap built into storm water inlet

Sand traps in combined systems

Sand trap for public stormwater

Household trap device

What are drainage channels?

If the blind area around the house has already been completed, and the drainage system has not been taken care of, as a way out of the situation, you can use drainage gutters, which are also called linear storm water inlets. Channels made of concrete or plastic are laid outside the blind area parallel to the paths and roof overhangs with a slight slope.

Water enters the linear drainage channels from both roof drains and from the entire yard covered with asphalt or slabs. Such sewerage can cover much more objects than a point one. When buying ready-made trays, you need to pay attention to such important parameters as class permissible load and mechanical strength limit.

The tray, at first glance, is a very simple product, but if it is wrong to make their calculation, the system will not work fully. It is necessary to take into account the throughput of storm water, the type of coverage, and the degree of pollution of the discharged waters.

The weakest products are marked A15. This means that their use is permissible with a maximum load of up to 1.5 tons. They are installed around the perimeter of the house, in pedestrian and cyclist areas. Trays of class B125 cope without compromising their integrity with a load of up to 12.5 tons. They will not be damaged under the weight of a car, therefore they are appropriate in the garage area.

For private construction, you should not buy massive concrete gutters; plastic trays are quite suitable here. They have a strength class A‚ B‚ C. The material for their manufacture is polyethylene or polypropylene.

An important parameter in the selection of trays is the hydraulic section, denoted by the abbreviation DN. It must correspond to the diameter of the pipes supplied to these elements. For plastic gutters, the DN value ranges from 70 to 300.

The length of a standard tray is 1 m. The products are equipped with a locking system, with its help you can line up the gutters in 1 line, attach them to pipes or make branches. A rational choice for giving‚ a private house - models from DN100 to DN200.

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Manufacturers of storm sewer assembly kits offer an extensive selection of trays that differ in throughput and material used in the manufacture

For the arrangement of areas with a pedestrian load, the components of the storm sewer system are made of galvanized steel. This is not the most durable option, attracting mainly by the simplicity of construction.

Concrete and polymer sand products will last at least 50 years. They hold the transport load without problems, including the weight of the cargo units. However, due to the weight of the trays and the need to use construction equipment in laying, they are rarely used in the private sector.

At correct selection the diameter of the pipes, storm sewers will cope with the task even at the moments of the most heavy rainfall. If flows from several chutes enter the pipe, they are all summed up. Professional practitioners for pipes with a cross section of 110 mm and gutters of the same diameter usually use a slope of 20 mm / rm. M.

If the pipe is connected to a storm water inlet, the slope is slightly increased to avoid stagnation of the liquid, and at the entrance to the sand trap, the slope is reduced. This slows down the movement of the water flow, and suspended particles settle to the bottom in larger quantities.

Water in this type of sewer system drains by gravity, which occurs due to the formed. There is no pressure pumps, so it is not necessary to look for a team of professionals in a country house or in a country courtyard for storm sewers.

All work can be done by the owner. It is written in detail about the calculations for the organization of storm sewers, the contents of which we recommend that you familiarize yourself with.

Where is the well and collector needed?

As with any system consisting of underground pipes, there must be a well in the storm sewer.

Installing it is advisable in the following circumstances:

• if 2 or more streams converge;
• when it is necessary to radically change the height, direction of the pipeline or its slope;
• when it becomes necessary to switch to a larger pipe diameter.

Wells are also provided at established intervals of straight sections of the system. If the diameter of the well does not exceed 150 mm, then the next one is located at a distance of 30 to 35 m. With a diameter of 200 mm - from 45 to 50 m, and if the diameter is 0.5 m, the interval is increased to 70-75 m.

The diameter of the well of a private house does not exceed 1 m. The deeper the well, the larger its diameter should be.

Some owners lay out wells in the old fashioned way from brick or reinforced concrete rings. Others prefer more advanced materials - plastic and fiberglass. According to the design, the wells are collapsible and solid.

They are in the form of a cylinder with a completely sealed bottom and a hole at the top. There are branch pipes for connecting pipes. Several collected storm water inlets are also used as wells.

All fluid flows are redirected to the collector after they are combined into one. The choice of material for this storm sewer element is individual and depends on the preferences and capabilities of the owner.

To redirect the collected water to facilities for ground treatment or to a sewer, a collector is included in the system. Sometimes his role is played by a big one. It is converted into a storage tank by hermetically closing the outlet nozzles. To use water, a submersible pump is used.

Under the collector, pipes of large cross section are also used - reinforced concrete or plastic with all pipelines connected to them. On the construction market you can also purchase ready-made containers for underground use. There are multi-chamber tanks where rain and melt water are cleaned according to the same principle as in septic tanks.

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If the site does not have facilities for the disposal of collected water into the ground, then storm water is redirected to a public system or an off-site gutter

If the conditions and size of the site allow, the collected rainwater is disposed of through an absorption well. When constructing a well in sandy loamy soils, the walls are assembled from perforated rings to increase the outflow rate

An almost free, but quite suitable option for discharging rainwater is a filter well made from old tires

We fill the bottom of the trench with movable concrete to the depth of the tray so that the shelves of the tray are flush with the surface. We give the bottom of the trench a slope of 2 - 3 cm per 1 m. It is necessary to direct the slope towards the collector well

Having beaten off the storm sewer lines with a twine stretched between the pegs, we assemble a system of trays with a protective and decorative grille. We align the channels according to the design slope figure until the concrete begins to harden

In the places indicated in the project, we install sand traps, connect them to the channels laid in the trenches

On the side of the trench, we build a formwork from the board and pour concrete mortar between it and the tray laid in the trench

While filling the free space in the formwork with concrete, we level the filled mass. At the same time, we check the slope, if necessary, adjust the position of the trays

We expect the solution to harden for at least 14 days, it is better to wait 28 days. At this time, it must be covered with polyethylene and periodically sprayed with water.

So that there is no flood on the site after each rain, so that the foundation does not get wet and does not collapse, it is necessary to ensure the removal of precipitation. For this, rainwater is needed. We can see it in cities - this is a system of water intake devices and canals. Storm sewerage in a private house is smaller, but its essence is the same. This is not to say that it is easy to do, but you can do it yourself, especially if you have already done something on the site with your own hands.

What is a private house storm sewer system and what is it like

In regions with large quantity rainfall, it is necessary to divert rain and melt water somewhere. If this is not done, the paths are gradually destroyed, the earth in the yard becomes limp, and then dries out for a long time. If you still do not make a blind area around the house, rainwater will wash and gradually destroy the foundation. In general, storm sewers in a private house are the key to the longevity of your home, order and tidy appearance on your site. This kind engineering systems It is also called a storm sewer or rain sewer.

The composition of the system is as follows:

Where to put water

Most of the questions arise with what to do with the rapidly pouring precipitation. Firstly, a storm sewer in a private house can become a supplier of water for irrigation. To do this, all the pipes of the system are reduced to a large container or several containers, and from there, using a pump, they can be pumped into the irrigation system.

Secondly, if there is nothing to water or nowhere to put such a volume of liquid, it is possible to divert storm water into a centralized sewer, a gutter located near a reservoir. If these opportunities cannot be realized, they arrange a system for discharging water into the ground. These are perforated plastic pipes buried below ground level.

Types and their features

Storm sewers in a private house can be of three types:

In each case, you have to design your own scheme - there is no single recipe. Each has its own site with its features: the absorbency of the soil, relief, building, layout.

What exactly needs to be done is to divert water away from the house. This can be done as in the photo above - by installing gutters in the path and draining water onto the lawn. But this is just one of many options. The second place where it is desirable to divert water is a vast paved area. As a rule, large puddles form here, which are difficult to deal with. You can solve the problem by making one or more water collection points - put point storm water inlets and divert water according to one of the recipes.

Combined or separate

Often in a private house it is necessary to do three drainage systems at once:

• drainage;
• storm.

Often they run parallel or are located close to each other. Naturally, there is a desire to save money and combine storm water with some other. In particular, to use an existing well. It must be said right away that it is better not to do this. Why? During a rainstorm, water comes at a very high speed. On average - from 10 cubic meters per hour (maybe more). At this rate of water flow, the well fills up very quickly. Sometimes it overflows.

If the reset goes to sewer well, water begins to flow into the sewer pipes. It will not rise above the ground level, but you will not be able to lower anything - everything will be in the plumbing. After the water level drops, debris remains inside. It interferes with the normal operation of the sewer, you have to clean it. Not the most pleasant thing to do.

Simultaneous laying of all systems on the site - the main thing is not to get confused

If the discharge goes to a drainage well, the situation is even worse. During a rainstorm, water enters the system under high pressure. It fills the pipes, then pours out under the foundation, washing it away. You can imagine the consequences. There are still not so obvious things. For example, silting drainage pipes. It is impossible to clean them, you have to change them. And this is a big expense and a lot of work.

So from all that has been said, we can conclude. The first is that storm sewers in a private house should have their own well. The second - it is desirable that it be large. This is if you are not lucky to have a pond, lake or river nearby.

Stormwater components and their types

All elements of storm sewers in a private house must be connected to the system. Here's what it might be:

• Well. It must be large. How much depends on the amount of rainfall, the size of the roof and the area from which water is collected. Most often it is made of concrete rings. It is distinguished from the water one only by the need to make the bottom. For this, you can put the bottom ring down (there are factory ones), or you can fill the stove yourself. Another option - plastic wells for rainwater. They are buried to the required depth, anchored (chained) to flooded concrete pads - so as not to “float”. The solution is good because there is no need to worry about the tightness of the seams - such vessels are completely sealed.

  

• A hatch over a storm well. It is best to take a ring and a separate hatch (plastic, rubber or metal - your choice). In this case, you can dig in the rings so that the upper edge of the installed cover is 15-20 cm below the ground level. Under the installation of the hatch, you will have to lay out a brick or pour a neck out of concrete, but the lawn planted on top will feel good and will not differ in color from the rest of the planting. If you take a ready-made cover with a hatch, you can pour only 4-5 cm of soil. On such a layer of soil, the lawn will differ in color and density, paying attention to what is under it.

  

• Point storm water inlets. These are relatively small containers that are installed in places where precipitation accumulates. They are placed under drainpipes, at the lowest points of the site. Storm water inlets can be made of plastic or concrete. Concrete is used for deep storm drains. They are put one on one, achieving the required height. Although today there are already built-in plastic storm water inlets.

  

• Linear storm water inlets or drainage channels. These are plastic or concrete gutters. These devices are installed in places most rainfall - along the roof overhangs, if a drainage system is not made, along the footpaths. Can be installed under gutters as gutters. This option is good if you have not laid pipes to drain water. In this case, the receivers are placed outside the blind area, and the second end of the tray is connected to it. This is a way to make a storm sewer without destroying the blind area.

  

• Sand traps. Special devices in which sand is deposited. They usually put plastic cases - they are inexpensive, but reliable. They are installed at some distance from each other on long sections of the pipeline. Sand and other heavy inclusions are deposited in them. These devices need to be cleaned periodically, but this is much more convenient than cleaning the entire system.

  

• Lattices. In order for water to drain better, the holes in the grate should be large. They are:
  
• Pipes. For storm sewers, it is best to put polyethylene pipes for outdoor use (red color). Their smooth walls do not allow precipitation to accumulate, and they also have a greater conductive capacity than pipes of the same diameter from other materials. Cast iron and asbestos pipes are also used. A little about the diameter of the pipes for storm water. It depends on the amount of precipitation, the branching of the system. But the smallest diameter is 150 mm, and better - more. The pipes are laid with a slope of at least 3% (3 cm per meter) towards the storm water inlets, and then towards the well.

  

• revision wells. These are small plastic or concrete wells, which are placed on an extended section of the pipeline, at the points of branching of the system. Through them, if necessary, clean the pipes.

  

  In long sections, revision points are needed - to clear possible blockages in pipes

Storm sewers in a private house do not always contain all these devices, but a system of any configuration and complexity can be built from them.

Construction order

In general, you first need to create a project. If there is no possibility or desire to use the services of professionals, draw it to scale (on a piece of paper or in one of the programs). So you can pretty accurately determine what you need and how much. Having bought necessary materials you can start work.

First install the drainage system. Then begins the installation of storm sewers. It makes sense to carry out this work simultaneously with the laying of drainage and sewer systems, as well as carry out preparation work for laying paths and blind areas. All of these jobs require soil removal, so why not do it all at once?

Installation of a storm water inlet - pour concrete and “load” with something heavy so that it does not squeeze out

If other systems are already ready or they are simply not needed, trenches can be dug. They should be 10-15 cm more than the required depth. Crushed stone is poured into the bottom of the trenches, and pipes are laid in it, and devices are installed. Crushed stone will neutralize the heaving forces: it always remains mobile, so that under loads it simply moves from place to place. As you know, the load devices installed in it almost do not feel.

When installing storm water inlets, they are concreted. Formwork is placed around, poured with a layer of concrete of 15-20 cm. It must be calculated so that the finish coating that you are going to lay normally “lies”.

Your favorite shoes are probably familiar with the delights of a poorly functioning urban stormwater system. Often, after a “dense” meeting with deep puddles accumulated on the asphalt, adored shoes and boots leave only pleasant memories and photographs about themselves. For a city dweller, the loss of shoes is the maximum damage; for the owner of a country house, the damage is on a larger scale. In order for atmospheric water to slowly but persistently not destroy the foundation, flood the basements, and not contribute to the rotting of the root system of plants on the site, water drainage is required. Not too complicated do-it-yourself storm sewerage may well be organized by a performer who has nothing to do with construction specialties.

The purpose and specifics of the stormwater device

Storm sewage is a complex of devices and channels that collects, filters and removes atmospheric moisture into filtration fields, special reservoirs, and reservoirs. Its task is to eliminate excess moisture that creates discomfort, destroys structures and reduces life cycle plants.

Stormwater is a linear network that includes such standard elements as:

• storm water inlets, represented by funnels, pallets, linear trays that collect water;
• gutters, pipes, trays transporting water to sand traps - filtration devices, and further to collectors, ditches, reservoirs, to discharge fields;
• manholes required to control the storm system;

filters, sand traps that retain soil particles, plant fibers and debris that protect the network from pollution.

Stormwater is a complex of channels and devices that collect excess atmospheric moisture, filter it and drain it first into a collector well, then to unloading points.

Options for storm water inlets: on the left is a door tray, in the middle is a funnel that receives water from the drain, on the right is a gutter with a sand trap

All elements are combined into an integral system operating on a linear or point technology. If storm sewer channels are laid in the ground, pipes are used for their construction. Gutters and trays made of plastic, asbestos or concrete are installed in surface ditches.

Important. To ensure the natural movement of rain and melt water to the places of filtration and unloading, pipes, trays, gutters are laid with a slope towards the catchment devices and unloading points.

Classification according to the method of collecting wastewater

Depending on the principle of collection, according to which the storm sewer is installed, all existing storm drains are divided into two types.

Point systems, which include storm water inlets installed under the gutters of internal and external drains. Each device receiving atmospheric water is connected to a common line. According to specifications storm water inlets are equipped with special gratings and sand traps that prevent the penetration of suspended particles of soil, plant residues, and debris into the system.

Point type of storm water: the storm water inlet is installed under the drain, the water-receiving funnel is equipped with a filter mesh and an internal litter basket

A linear type of stormwater drainage, which is a network of channels laid underground or in slightly buried trenches. Trays collecting and moving water, laid open way, are also equipped with sand traps and equipped with gratings. Only gratings are installed along the entire line. In contrast to the point scheme, the linear sewerage system collects water not only from roof drains, but also from paths, from sites covered with concrete, paved with paving bricks. This type of sewer "covers" and processes more objects.

A linear stormwater drainage scheme can cover a large area, drain runoff not only from the roof, but also from landscaped areas, from sidewalks, and from those sides of the house where, due to the specifics pitched structure no drains

Focusing on design differences and the degree of coverage of the territory, the type of system is selected. However, these are not fundamental selection criteria. Basically, storm sewers in the country are arranged according to the experience in the organization and operation of storm sewers available in a particular area. Based on it, they determine both the type of channeling and the depth of their laying.

Preliminary calculations and design

Implementation of plans without calculations is money down the drain. If the system does not cope with the function assigned to it by the owner, you should not undertake its construction at all, and a too powerful storm sewer of a private house will “eat up” a lot of financial resources.

Video: design and installation rules

Information required for calculations

• Data on the average amount of precipitation recorded by meteorologists in a particular area. You can find them in SNiP 2.04.03-85.
• The frequency of rains, the thickness of the snow cover, necessary for those who plan to use the system and for the removal of melt water.
• Runoff area. For a point variety, this is the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe roof. And not the full value, but the value of its projection in the plane. For a linear system, the runoff area will be the sum of the areas of all processed objects.
• Physical and mechanical characteristics of the soils available on the site.
• The presence and location of communications already existing on the site laid underground.

Calculation of the volume of discharged effluents

The above exact values ​​for the amount and intensity of precipitation are the result of many years of research. physical phenomena in the atmosphere of the area. They can be found in SNiP or obtained from the local weather service. Further calculations are made according to the formula.

The formula for calculating the flow of atmospheric water, as well as the constants and variables used in the calculations

Correction factor used in this formula:

• 0.4 for gravel-covered areas;
• 0.85 for concreted areas;
• 0.95 for paved areas and paths;
• 1.0 for roofs.

The volume value was obtained, then, according to the tables of the current SNiP, the required diameter of the pipeline is determined.

Channeling depth

It is necessary to lay trays or channels from pipes at the depth at which they are usually laid in this region. Exact value you can find out in a construction organization or ask your neighbors who have already equipped their site with a storm drain. AT middle lane a rainwater drainage system is usually arranged at a depth of 0.3 meters, if the diameter of the pipeline or open trays is not more than 50 cm. Trays and pipes with larger dimensions are buried by 0.7 m.

An important point. If the site has a drainage system, storm sewers are laid above the drainage.

If a drainage system has already been laid on the territory, the storm drain is located above

The high cost of earthworks usually does not stimulate the desire of customers professional installation deep into the ground. Even if it is decided to make a storm sewer with your own hands, there is no point in burying it too deeply. There is no reason to install collectors and manholes below the level of seasonal freezing, as state standards say. They can be placed higher, insulated heat-insulating material- geotextile and a layer of crushed stone that protects the network from freezing. Due to the slight deepening, the labor intensity of the work is significantly reduced.

Insulation of storm sewers in case of slight deepening is carried out from a layer of geotextile and a layer of crushed stone, thanks to the protection of channels from freezing, you can significantly save on earthworks

However, one should not forget that the channels to the collection and cleaning devices must be led at an angle. This means that the level of the place of entry into the collector well should be lower than the level of the tray or pipe extending from the storm water inlet. To accurately calculate the depth of their installation, you need to draw a site plan and, taking into account the slope of the channels, calculate everything.

Scheme of the stormwater device, the channels of which are laid below the freezing depth, insulating geotextile protects in this case from the aggression of groundwater

Standards and norms of slopes

GOST regulates the minimum slope for pipes with a 150 mm diameter of 0.008 (slope in mm / m). Pipes having a cross section of 200 mm are laid at an angle of 0.007. Depending on site conditions, pipe slopes may vary slightly. The largest slope is 0.02 in the area where the channel is connected to the storm water inlet, since in this place it is necessary to increase the rate of gravity of the water. In front of the sand traps, the flow velocity must slow down so that the suspended particles can “settle”, the angle of inclination is the smallest there.

Devices for collecting water in envelope-type systems with funnel storm water inlets are installed at the points of intersection of slopes.

The process and specifics of the installation of stormwater

Rules for holding installation work according to the arrangement of storm drains, they are identical to the principles of laying conventional external sewer pipelines. However, if the house is not equipped with gutters, you need to start with their device.

The rules for installing a storm drain system are similar to the rules for laying a conventional sewer

Construction of the roofing component

• In the ceilings of the house, you need to make holes for storm water inlets. After installing the devices and attaching them to the bituminous mastic, the junction points must be sealed.
• Installed sewer pipes and risers.
• All elements must be attached to the structures of the house using clamps.

Scheme of the roofing part of the storm drain: 1. gutter; 2. outside corner of the gutter; 3. the corner of the gutter is internal; 4. gutter plug; 5. gutter connector; 6. hook; 7. hook; 8. funnel; 9. catchment funnel; 10. pipe elbow; 11. drainpipe; 12. connecting pipe; 13. pipe bracket (for brick); 14. pipe bracket (for wood); 15. drain elbow; 16. pipe tee

Underground device

According to the planned plan, drawn up taking into account the slopes and the depth of the canals adopted in the region, it is necessary to dig a trench. If it is planned to insulate the pipeline by forming a shell of geotextile and crushed stone around it, or to arrange a pillow of sand, their power should also be taken into account. Here's how we proceed:

• The bottom of the trench is well rammed before installation. Large stones encountered during digging are removed, the pits formed after their removal are covered with soil.
• A sand cushion is poured to the bottom, its standard thickness is 20 cm.
• A pit is being formed for the installation of a collector tank. As a collector, it is easiest to use ready-made plastic container, but if you wish, you can make a collector well yourself by pouring concrete into a formwork arranged in advance.

Pipes are laid in compacted and equipped with sand cushions, and fittings are used to connect them into a single system.

Connections of underground drainage channels are made using fittings

• It is recommended to include manholes in straight branches of storm water, with a length of more than 10 m.
• Sand traps should be installed at the junction points of atmospheric water-receiving collectors and pipelines.
• All devices and fixtures are connected in one circuit, the junctions of the components are sealed.

Before backfilling the trench, it is necessary to carry out tests by pouring water into the water inlets. As a result of testing, no weaknesses were found? We fill the system laid in the trench with soil, and equip the gutters, trays, pallets with gratings.

Before backfilling the trench, the constructed system must be checked, identified and eliminated all defects and leaks, if any.

Advice. Pitched roof structures are not equipped with gutters on all sides. Where they do not exist, it is recommended to install gutters with gratings and include them in the general network.

It is forbidden to unload the city collector well into the general sewer network due to the presence of chemicals and oil products in the effluents. The owner of a country house can freely connect a storm drain to the sewerage system that is his property, because there are no dangerous components that require fine cleaning.

After cleaning in the sand trap, water enters the sewer, from there it can be distributed directly into the ground, discharged into water bodies or into the ordinary sewer network of a private house

Landscaping the house and the surrounding area with a surface drainage system will help extend the life of structures, save owners from puddles and slush, and prevent plant roots from rotting. A simple do-it-yourself stormwater site can be installed by the owner himself, but even if you contact the builders, information about the specifics of its organization will not interfere. The owner himself will be able to track the violations, and repair, and clean.

Also called rainwater or rainwater. It is installed on the site to collect and drain water from the roof of houses, pavement and land plots. Storm drainage should not be confused with the ground, which is laid to a certain depth and is intended to reduce the level groundwater. It is relevant for areas in lowlands, for areas where a significant amount of precipitation falls.

Storm drainage is also used in flood areas. If there is a lot of water in the area, then this can cause flooding. The foundation erodes over time, the soil becomes swampy, and the basement is flooded. protects the site and the house from such troubles.

What is a storm drain

The rainwater sewerage system consists of pipes, trays, plugs, sand traps, storm water inlets, siphons and other elements. The system can also be supplemented with a storm well. The final scheme will depend on the type of stormwater. The main purpose is to collect surface water and direct it to the sewer.

Moisture is collected in a single stream. The drainage of water from the system cannot be done into the drainage soil system. They are installed parallel at the same angle, but are different designs. Storm drainage is above ground.

Stormwater scheme

Storm sewage treatment systems are installed under vertical drainage pipes. There should be several water collectors on the territory. All of them are tied with polymer. This allows you to connect the elements into a single system.

The scheme also provides for a prefabricated well, which is usually located at the lowest point of the site. Therefore, stormwater uses the principle of gravity. The drainage scheme may include the use of pipes that are installed in the form of a Christmas tree or in a circle.

In the first case, a straight contour is drawn from the water collectors near the house to the well. Contours from parts of the site and outbuildings are connected to it. In a circular circuit, there is a main circuit, but additional ones are connected in a circle. A system of sewer pipes is laid around the main house, which are complemented by contours. If the site is large enough, then there may be several circular contours.

How stormwater is arranged depending on the method of precipitation removal

The storm sewer system can be classified according to the method of water drainage. It can be open and is also called superficial. Rainwater is discharged by this system using open gutters in the form of trays and channels. Moisture goes outside the site. Trays are recessed, installed in tracks, as well as blind areas. They are sometimes fixed cement mortar. On top of the gutters, sewer grates are installed, which are removable.

The open system is most common in private homes, as well as small settlements with low population density. The storm sewer system is also closed, it is called deep. Water in this case collected in built-in trays and sand traps. Moisture enters the storm water inlets, which are wells. The sloping line leads the sediments to the sewer network. Pumping equipment can also be used to transport water.

Rain and melt water passes through the sewer collector, thalwegs and enters treatment facilities and artificial reservoirs. closed system used in large settlements and cities, sometimes in private areas.

Mixed stormwater device

Mixed storm sewer is a drainage system that consists of street trays and underground pipes. In the design, drainage is carried out by gravity. The only exceptions are unfavourable conditions relief.

The storm network route is located along the shortest path to the point of discharge into a reservoir or sewer. The device uses reinforced concrete. Mixed stormwater drainage is suitable for reducing construction costs.

Classification of drainage by type of drainage

Point storm drainage is provided using local drainage systems in the form of storm water wells. They are installed to collect water from a point area, for example, from a roof. The drainage and storm sewer system of the work camp has gratings that filter baskets, the last of which is necessary to retain debris.

The system is connected to underground sewer pipes that transport water to a collector well. Storm drainage can also be linear. It is installed to collect atmospheric precipitation from the territory of an impressive area.

Linear drainage is designed to solve the problems of water disposal in a complex way. This system is based on:

• channels;
• trays;
• gutters;
• sand traps.

The latter are containers for retaining small debris and sand. Inside there is a basket where garbage accumulates. Cleaning of such sewers is carried out by emptying the baskets.

Drainage system with drainage

If the storm drain is supplemented by drainage, then the latter can be equipped according to closed technology. The pipes are located underground, and only the covers of the wells are visible on the surface. Underground drainage sewerage can be installed in areas with clay soil and with soils dominated by loams. Drainage is also relevant in those areas where the aquifer lies high. Drainage is required if there is water in the basement in the spring, or the foundation had to be deeply buried.

When considering a storm sewer device with a drainage system, you should note that the latter provides for the presence of:

• manholes;
• drainage lines;
• sand traps;
• drain;
• storage and drop wells.

Harvested from the soil excess moisture, and sand traps clear it of silt. Excess water enters the water collectors through the main pipeline. This process is controlled by wells, the design of which may be different. They also clean up the system.

Drains can be made from the following materials:

• ceramics;
• asbestos cement;
• plastic.

Asbestos-cement pipes are quite cheap, but inferior to the rest in terms of durability. Ceramic ones are ready to last for decades, but are more expensive. More popular are plastic pipelines, which may be based on polyethylene, polypropylene or PVC. Polyethylene products are the most resistant to frost, they do not crack during sudden changes in temperature.

The storm sewer system from the roof is an integral part of the scheme. Its elements are installed along the walls on the roof. With the help of trays, water is collected from the roof and transported to the ground storm sewer. The drainage system provides for the presence of:

• funnel;
• connectors;
• drainage gutters;
• plugs;
• tees;
• swivel knees.

Modern drainage system- this is a constructor, the details of which are assembled in a certain sequence. Elements can be made from the following materials:

• plastic;
• ceramics;
• galvanization;
• copper.

The choice will depend on the architecture of the house and the type roofing material. Gutters are sometimes supplemented with protective nets, drips and anti-icing cables. These devices are not mandatory, but can improve the functionality of the stormwater.

Storm sewer systems of a private house provide for inspection and drainage wells, which can be made from:

• plastic;
• stone;
• bricks;
• reinforced concrete rings;
• car tires;
• fiberglass.

The materials may be different, but the design is the same. It assumes the presence of a cover, a shaft, a working chamber and a bottom. Ready-made well structures are easier to install than others. This is especially true in the case of plastic. The most budgetary is the option of reinforced concrete rings or car tires.

Gutter "Geberite"

When it comes time to add a roof gutter system to your home, there are several options you can consider. Among others is the Geberit stormwater storm, which has an increased throughput and a reduced pipe diameter. The siphon storm drain system has been setting the standard for indoor drainage for decades.

The design of the funnel ensures that in the event of rain, risers and pipes will be filled without air pockets. The Geberit storm sewer system has pipes into which water enters, forming a closed column. It creates low pressure and sucks in drains. This increases the flow rate and throughput despite the reduced pipe diameter.

Design freedom and labor savings with Geberit rainwater

Geberit gives consumers maximum design freedom, as designers need fewer rainwater outlets, sewer pipes and risers. When laying the supply pipelines, it will be possible to provide a reduced pressure, so slopes are no longer required, which simplifies installation and saves space.

The Geberit storm sewer system reduces material costs and labor costs. To plan the system, you can use the program with the Pluvia module. As a service, the company offers consumers to perform calculations for internal drainage systems.

Stormwater sampling

The sampling method for the storm sewer system provides for which is located before the discharge of treated water. The unit is equipped with a butterfly valve and is designed to take a sample of the treated effluent. The well can be made of fiberglass reinforced plastic and must have high chemical and corrosion resistance. As great example the UNILOS-KK well stands out, which has durability, low operating costs and negligible thermal conductivity.

The wells are located on the route of the effluents after the last filtration systems have passed. Sampling locations, which are also called control points, are selected in accordance with the objectives of the work. Samples should be taken from mixed streams. Sampling points should be close to the point of discharge.

Sample classification

Means of mechanization, for example, trolleys and winches, should be provided for lowering, transporting and lifting the sample, if necessary. There are simple and mixed samples. The former characterize the composition of water and are obtained by a single selection. A mixed sample characterizes the composition of a liquid over a certain period of time.

Storm sewers are regularly checked and cleaned. Inspection is carried out in spring and late autumn in preparation for winter. The entire system is inspected after every heavy rain. Even if the scheme provides for grids on water inlets and sand traps, suspended silt and small debris can get inside the sewer.

The list of works on the maintenance of the storm sewer system provides for the removal of foreign elements from gutters, pipes and wells. This must be done during regular checks, otherwise the drainage elements will silt up, which will lead to the cessation of the stormwater system.

Carrying out cleaning

Pipe cleaning is carried out with a pump and a large volume of water. Using a hose with a nozzle, you can wash away all deposits from the walls of pipelines. Limescale and sludge will end up in the well, from which the debris is pumped out by a drainage pump or vacuum sludge pump. Usually flushing is enough, but sometimes you have to resort to mechanical cleaning with scrapers or a plumbing cable with a hook.

Finally

Every home should have a storm drain. It consists of plastic sewer pipes, fittings and a collection well. The scheme also provides for the presence of collections in the form of cones. We should not forget about the decorative grilles, with the help of which the design of the water collectors is carried out and the system is protected from ingress and debris.