We all know popular prints, already pretty boring, but, it seems, "not killed" clichés about Russia - balalaika, matryoshka and tame bear. But the standard idea of ​​Germany is also not complete without a mention of Oktoberfest, sausages and, of course, such cozy, like gingerbread, German houses. This image of a homely idyll attracts many who are in love with Germany. But is it really so and in what houses do German burghers live behind a stone wall?

Fachwerkhaus (frame house)- this is exactly the same "postcard" view of Germany: a fairytale house that you want to admire without ceasing - and it would be even better to live! The house consists of a timber frame, the cavities of which are filled with a mixture of wood and clay or, in some cases, with bricks. Half-timbered houses are an integral part of the country's architecture, without them it is impossible to imagine Germany. Typically, these houses are located in the old part of the city (Altstadt).


Reihenhaus (section house) is a separate house, which is part of a line of houses built in a row. Sectional buildings prevail in the development of the central part of cities. Outside the historic city center, there are usually detached houses and houses for two apartments.


Doppelhaus it is usually a large semi-detached house. But you should not be afraid - you will not have to share a room with anyone except your family. In most cases, this type of housing consists of two houses with common wall, each of which stands on its own land plot and has its own separate entrance. So there is no need to worry about getting to the bathroom in the morning ahead of the neighbors.

Einfamilienhaus (family home)- is a residential building that serves as a home for one family and contains one conventional apartment. Typically, these single-family houses are owned by users and are therefore also referred to as private houses.

Sozialwohnung (municipal apartment) Is a residential building built with public funds. These apartments have a rather low rent, as they are intended mainly for low-income segments of the population (large families, people with disabilities).
In order to rent such an apartment, you must have a special permit. This permission, respectively, is obtained by persons whose income does not exceed a certain permissible limit. Municipal apartments are received on a first come, first served basis, but since there are more such apartments than the housing itself, they are given out on an urgent basis. For example, most likely municipal housing will be given to a disabled pensioner who lives on the 5th floor in a building without an elevator.
Wochenendhaus (summer house)- This is a house or hut located in a rural, natural area for spending a vacation or weekend there. Some summer houses are in really very beautiful places: on the shore of the lake or overlooking the mountains. Summer houses differ from a small garden plot on the outskirts of the city (Schrebergarten, Kleingarten), first of all, in size. They are usually provided modern plumbing, gas and electricity are provided.


Bungalow- is a one-story house that can have different options roofs. The word itself comes from North Indian languages ​​and literally means "Bengali style." The history of the spread of such a residential building is associated with the fact that in the 18th century British colonialists living in the Bengal region took local houses as a model for building housing and reproduced them. Typical bungalows have one floor and a spacious veranda. In Germany, the peak of bungalow popularity came in the 60s of the 20th century.


What house would you like to live in?

Half-timbered architecture can be recognized immediately. She is associated with the houses of Germany and Europe. Often the roofs in such structures are covered with a tiled roof. Today, such a canonical type of residential buildings is used as a design refinement. On the other hand, it is a symbol of German quality. But in fact, buildings of the 15th-16th centuries have survived in Germany, which are still in use. Therefore, many argue that at home German technology have an increased service life.

History of German houses

In fact, the famous German houses, the photos of which are mesmerizing, appeared for a reason. Structures of structures in which wood is the main material are typical for both wooded areas and coastal areas. In the countries of the Baltic and North Seas (Germany, Denmark, Great Britain, Holland, etc.) there were many skilled carpenters who built quality ships. These craftsmen knew how to properly build a reliable structure made of wood, so they started building and structures.

For the construction of the first houses, the pillars were dug directly into the ground, and on top of them connecting beams and rafters were laid, after which they proceeded to the construction of the roof. Of course, after 15 years, the pillars rotted comparatively quickly. Over time, they began to be installed on the prototype of a stone foundation - huge boulders dug into the ground beforehand. The service life of the pillars, and therefore of the structures, has increased tenfold. But it was necessary to compensate for the binding to the ground with a multitude of transverse slopes, rods, puffs and ties.

For skilled carpenters, this connection was not a problem. They were carried out according to the naval methods and techniques. Today, all connections have been replaced by simpler ones, using steel fasteners (anchors, screws, brackets, threaded rods).

Design features

In fact, the German house is a special frame made of large and medium-section elements, filled with the sinuses of the external temperature circuit. Other elements of the structure (roof, foundation, partitions, walls) can be made in the same way as in other houses.

A reliable frame is no problem for skilled carpenters. But sinus filling is challenging. After all, the quality of the walls depended on this, and therefore the fate of the entire structure. At that time, the sinuses were filled with adobe or adobe material. This material has been used on all continents. Today it is also gaining popularity and is used in green building.

In the beams, grooves were cut into which a paired or wicker lattice of rods was inserted. They put adobe on it. Sheet material for exterior decoration the building was not invented at that time, and it was too expensive to use boards for this purpose. Therefore, the buildings were plastered, but at first it was not possible to apply the mortar to the wooden beams.

Therefore, the walls remained with visible beams, which later became a business card. German houses.

A distinctive feature of a half-timbered house

Many old German houses have one distinguishing feature. Looking closely, you can see that each new floor of the house hangs over the previous one. At first glance, it looks unusual. The explanation for this construction is quite simple. In coastal areas, it often rains and precipitates, flowing down the walls, water fell on the lower floors. Their walls were very wet. The upper floors quickly dried up due to the wind and sun. The lower ones could rot due to moisture, and this is unacceptable. Therefore, the upper floors were brought forward.

This feature of construction became ineffective with the invention of high-quality waterproofing materials in the construction industry. Modern facades, foundations, walls and wood are reliably protected from frost and moisture. Therefore, modern German houses have completely flat wall surfaces.

The changes affected and roofing material, due to the weight of which it was impossible to take out the visor even half a meter. Today, lightweight sheets are used that can drain water from the wall by a meter, or even more.

Canadian technology or is it German?

Old German houses can be safely called the basis of all frame construction technologies. Indeed, in modern construction almost everything was repeated using the frame technology. There are no cross slopes in the systems. Today, experts only use a different thickness of the material (modern beams have become a little thinner). It is considered by many to be Canadian, but the finished structures are often referred to as both Finnish and German. And this is true, because buildings were erected using this technology even before the discovery of America.

Today, it is difficult to see old European houses in frame houses, because they have a characteristic advantage - sheathing with high-quality sheet material and finishing the building from the outside. The structure of the structure has been improved, and nature has won, because the consumption of wood has been significantly reduced.

The old house building method and modern materials

Thanks to the sheathing with a solid OSB sheet, the structure has become even stronger, stiffer and more reliable. Now there is no need to use powerful beams and struts at the initial stage. Exterior decoration and sheet material reliably protect the wooden frame from negative influences environment: solar burnout, weathering, freezing. Thanks to this protection, the service life of the structure has increased significantly.

A solid German house has a visiting card - the visible beams of the structure. Today they are used for decorative purposes only. Of course, the walls made of adobe and clay are a thing of the past, and the space is filled with high-quality and ecological insulation. Today straw is also used as a filler.

In the past, finishing the sinuses was a problem, but today the process takes as much effort as interior decoration walls. Through the use of modern facade fillers this process is easy and simple.

The frame of the structure has remained a model of the reliability of the entire structure. Speed ​​up and simplify the installation process german house helped by metal elements.

Conclusion

The German House is a high-quality, reliable structure. Its construction practically does not differ from other houses. Remember, deciding to build such a house, you can fulfill your dream and live in

Among all existing architectural trends, the German style attracts strong attention to itself, which is often used in today's construction when decorating the facade parts of a building. This style is characterized by restraint and grace, uncomplicated forms.

Looking at such a facade, there is an unfeigned feeling of the fundamentalness of the house and home comfort. The demand for the German style is greatly facilitated by the fact that it is permissible to arrange it even on a finished building. Recalling the zeal and scrupulousness of the Germans, we can say that for the decoration of the facade in the German style it will not be necessary a large number materials. The German style can be noted as very economical, only at the same time it is known for its rationality and originality of decoration.

Its decorative details stand out for their simplicity and restraint. In the German style, bright colors, statues, intricate decorations and drawings should not be used. Rationality will become the main principle. Color palette the German style is also pretty limited.

How to make a facade in German style.

How to form a wall and roof in a German style? The shape of the mansion should become classic - square or rectangular. However, some protruding elements, due to which the living space of the building is increased, will be quite possible. The texture of the walls in the German style should be even. As for the roof, it is usually formed with a gable, the recommended colors are brown. If you intend to copy the German style on the facade of your own home as accurately as possible, then it is better to lay tiles on the roof. The plinth is decorated with natural stone. German-style attics are rare. Small balconies are considered to be a substitute for them. Considering these technological factors, you have the opportunity to add a thoroughbred and representative look to the facade of your home.

Decoration of windows and doors. Conditions in this segment are quite considerable. First of all, you need to remember that Entrance door in the German style is the "highlight" of the facade. She must attract attention and stand out from the general background. German-style windows are traditionally rectangular, although arched in some cases. In addition, a distinctive feature will be the formation of multi-sectional windows, when the glasses are interconnected by numerous bridges. In addition, the windows are decorated with wooden shutters, which perform only a decorative function, giving the cottage a habitable and well-equipped look.

Types of house facades: gothic house and half-timbered houses.

Half-timbered houses. Fachwerk is a famous style of architecture in Germany. A characteristic feature of such buildings will be the creation of a vertical frame with longitudinal beams and diagonal braces. It is also characterized by curly beam structures. They are painted in colors that contrast with the shade of the walls, giving the building an effect and aesthetics. Curved beams in combination with natural stone cladding or plaster look extremely aesthetically pleasing on the walls.

Gothic houses. Houses that are stylized as Gothic are always distinguished by their non-standard features. In the photographs, these buildings look like real medieval castles. This is facilitated by a cone-shaped roof and vertically elongated windows, which visually make the whole structure taller and more representative. Brick columns complete the image of the Gothic house. They are needed not only for decoration, but also perform a utilitarian function - they hold the roof of the veranda.

A cottage in a German style is fashionable, original and elegant. Each building will be unique, but at the same time so recognizable!

Today, many are tired of the noise of city life and strive to buy or build housing outside the city. If you purchased suburban area and are planning to start construction there, pay attention to the house in the German style.

Facade of a house in German style

The house, built in the German style, is distinguished by austerity and simplicity of details, rationality and practicality of the building's appearance. On the facades of German-style houses, there are no frilly elements and other sculptural decorations.

Today, one of the popular German architectural styles is characterized by vertical frame structures, diagonal braces and horizontal beams. Moreover, beam structures are most often made in contrasting shades compared to the main background of the building decoration. On the facades of German-style houses, half-timbered elements are perfectly combined with finishing from natural or artificial stone.

German style can contain elements as well. Such houses with pointed roofs and vertical elongated windows look catchy and uncommon. Cottage with a veranda in the German style often has columns that carry not only a decorative function, but also serve reliable support for the roof of the veranda.

A German-style house with protruding bay windows looks great. At their expense, the house increases living space, and bay windows glazed along the entire perimeter of the building serve as a wonderful decoration of the house.

Interior decoration of the house in the German style

The interior design of the rooms of the house in the German style is practical and reliable. The rooms are bright, as the German style presupposes large windows and even skylights.

The German interior is dominated by muted, calm and warm colors. The combination of a dark floor and light walls is considered traditional.

Furniture for a room in the German style is distinguished by practicality, accuracy and high quality workmanship. Only natural and simple materials are used for its production.

Since ancient times, German architecture has been famous for its beauty and practicality. As in other countries, it has come a long way from the Romanesque and Gothic style to high-tech, from castles and half-timbered buildings to ultra-modern buildings. Thanks to its solidity and economy, German architecture has become the personification of high quality and rationality. Some elements old houses- for example, half-timbered houses - are still used in the construction of modern buildings. And university students study the works of the famous German designer Ernst Neufert and follow the standards and patterns he found in their works.

House with imitation of half-timbered timber on the facade

The 20th century marked a turning point in the history of Germany as a whole, and in particular in design and architecture, marking a consistent departure from the classics. With the emergence of the Bauhaus school in the 1920s, modernism gradually supplanted other architectural styles. The architects abandoned the ornament on the facades, simplified the form of buildings, subordinating its functions. These principles were reflected in post-war architecture, when designers deliberately avoided any historical analogies and preferred to create from scratch. The first place was taken by the practicality of the building and its efficiency - both during construction and during operation. Architects are actively exploring new materials and technologies to improve energy efficiency and manage a home with ease. In recent decades, more and more smart home projects have been developed using automation and computer technology.

The architecture of a private house combines traditional and modern elements: simple form buildings and gable roof appeared in a new reading, and zinc roof covering spread to the entire surface of the house. Klaus Schlossen Architekten

1 distinctive features of the German house

Private architecture in Germany is quite varied. As in Russia, here you can find both ultra-modern buildings and quite traditional buildings. In addition, many cities with old houses have survived throughout the country, which were reconstructed in connection with the new realities of life. If we talk about newly constructed buildings, then most of them are being built according to standard designs.

Many residents of Germany live in individual cottages in small towns, and go to work in the nearest metropolis. There are both single-family houses (Einfamilienhaus) and duplexes (Zweifamilienhaus). After examining the German catalogs of private residential houses for the middle class, we can note general principles design of modern suburban housing in Germany. Practicality, economy, rationality - these features that distinguish all German architecture as a whole are at the heart of every private project. This approach manifests itself in both planning and facade solutions.

The structure of the German house is simple and concise. No frills, no impractical and economically unjustified decorations and architectural elements:

The shape of the houses is close to a square; additional volumes are often attached to it. This can be an entrance group that forms a balcony on the second floor, or a garage attached to the house or connected to it by a covered terrace;

The building consists of two floors, or one floor with an attic;

The roof is most often gable (sometimes hipped);

There are no turrets in the architecture of the house, but there are bay windows and balconies.

The building plan forms a rectangle. It is complemented by the volume of the entrance group, which serves as a balcony on the second floor. Kampa

Project from "ABC of Construction". Architect Alexey Kilevnik.

Modern home style is largely based on the principles inherent in functionalism and minimalism. Unlike traditional German half-timbered architecture, functionalism presupposes a complete absence of rigid canons and the use of new possibilities of modern building materials. The main attention is paid to the function of this or that element. The form is determined by the function, and the facade is by the form.

Similar principles are declared in minimalism. Buildings in this style, as a rule, are built according to individual projects, and are more expressive. Simplicity of execution, lack of decor and embellishments, natural materials in decoration, a single color scheme, simple geometric shapes - these are features style. Particular attention is paid to effects related to natural light. Therefore, cottages in this style are characterized by the presence of windows on the whole wall and flat roofs with glass fragments.

All this is reflected in the facade solutions of German houses, among which common features can be distinguished:

- balconies, terraces, awnings, large roof extensions, which provide a variety of facade solutions that give the building individuality;

The additional volume of the loggia gives expressiveness to a building that is simple in shape. Juretzka Architekten

- large areas glazing, corner and panoramic windows, double glazing;

The large glazing area makes the typical country house bright representative modern private architecture... Landau + Kindelbacher

Lack of decor on the facade;

The use of large undivided planes of a homogeneous material or one color;

Light textured plaster and black wood plank provide a striking contrast. Drevohaus

Space-planning solutions correspond to the structure of the house and are built according to the general principles:

The living room and dining room are usually combined into a single space;

The kitchen is most often not isolated by solid partitions, but is separated from the general space by an element of furniture (bar counter, shelving) or a decorative wall. The absence of partitions and corridors, the combination of several functional areas in one space creates a feeling of spaciousness, saves useful area... As a result, preconditions for interesting interior solutions arise;

A single space of the kitchen-living room in the interior. Landau + Kindelbacher

The total area of ​​the three main functional areas of the main room (living room + dining room + kitchen) is approximately 40-70 m2;

The entrance block is separated by partitions (entrance hall, toilet, wardrobe, stairs);

First floor plan in a typical house. Kampa

The seeming dryness of rectangular spaces is often enriched with rectangular bay windows - both on one floor and double-height ones;

On the second floor there are traditionally personal apartments (bedrooms, study, bathroom, wardrobe);

All rooms are separated by partitions, most often of a broken shape, for the functional arrangement of furniture, equipment and more efficient use of space;

All the characteristic features of a German house can be found in the layout of the building. Most of the ground floor is occupied by a combined kitchen, dining and living area. A single-flight staircase leads to the second floor. Complex form bedroom and bathroom allows you to divide the premises into functional areas. Drevohaus

To move between floors, a single-flight staircase is often used, and a spacious, illuminated staircase hall is arranged on the second floor.

A single flight staircase leads to the lighted hall on the second floor. Klaus Schlossen Architekten

2. Building a house according to a German project

German practicality and rationality often attracts future homeowners from Russia. Simple and discreet, yet very functional, German-style houses are very popular. How promising foreign projects are and how they take root on Russian soil is clearly demonstrated by the history of the construction of a "German" house by the "Azbuka Construction" company.

House project

The project of a cottage with a total area of ​​219 m2, created by a German architectural and construction bureau, interested our potential customer. In 2009, he took photographs of the exterior and interior of an exhibition model in Germany and turned to the "ABC of Construction" with a request to develop an AR (architectural section) and KR (constructive section) and subsequently build a house according to this project.

Having studied the photographs, our specialists analyzed the architectural and space-planning solutions of the cottage, which the customer liked so much. The cottage, rectangular in plan, is crowned with a traditional gable hip roof. Symmetrical facades attract with their cleanliness and clarity. The French windows of the first and second floors lined up in one line give lightness to the front facades with hip pediments. On the second floor, the windows are decorated with a metal balcony railing.

Exhibition sample of a German house. Corner rusts in the color of white frontal boards, frames of windows and doors make the facades festive and elegant.

The "visiting card" of the project is two symmetrically located volumes that adjoin the rear facade and together create a U-shaped composition. This is a glazed room winter garden, combined with the living room, and a covered terrace, the exit to which is projected from the dining room. With their proportions and the shape of the roof, the annexes repeat the canopy over the porch of the main entrance and form a small inner courtyard between themselves - an isolated cozy space for family vacation in the open air.

A distinctive feature of the cottage's planning solution is a light translucent staircase located in the center of the house. This planning "highlight" and attracted the attention of the customer.

As the main compositional dominant, the staircase conditionally builds the boundaries of the main functional areas: the hall, kitchen, dining room, living room, while providing a view of the entire space. Thanks to light and delicate structures and a wide staircase, the hall on the second floor is clearly visible and becomes part of the total volume, visually expanding it.

The openwork staircase, located in the center of the building, provides a see-through view of the entire front space.

As conceived by the designers, the staircase does not adjoin supporting structures and partitions of the building. Like a sculpture, it can be walked around freely from all sides. Thus, the functional object has become a kind of core of the house, around which life processes revolve in the literal and figurative sense.

Lightness, airiness and additional volume to the double-height space of the living room are given by five window openings cut in the truncated gable of the roof. These windows also illuminate the staircase hall on the second floor. This detail makes the interior more varied and the facade of the building rich and interesting.

The second floor is attic, but due to the sufficient height of the walls to the roof slope, the space is cozy and functional. In the living quarters and bathrooms, sloped dormers are installed, which not only saturate the space with daylight, but also significantly enliven the interior.

Skylights make the second floor space bright and cozy.

Construction history

By different reasons The "German" project was never implemented. But the photographs of the cottage attracted another customer of ours. These design solutions almost completely met his requirements and wishes for the organization of the internal space, the composition of the premises and the architecture of the building.

However, the customer wished to make some changes in the design and layout of the building to adapt the project to his needs, Russian climatic conditions and the existing building materials market. The construction process was preceded by a design phase, as a result of which the house underwent a number of changes.

The cold climate required the construction of a warm vestibule, which has become the covered terrace of the main entrance. For the same reason, they abandoned the stained-glass glazing of the winter garden, replacing it with walls with a large window opening. To increase the living area, the second light in the living room had to be abandoned. In its place, an office appeared in the attic. For better illumination, five windows were combined into a continuous ribbon block.

Attic tape windows provide the office with good insolation.

The terrace adjacent to the dining room has also become warm. A home theater was set up in this room. At the request of the customer, in place of the living room on the first floor, our specialists have designed a recreation room with a steam room, shower and toilet. A small redevelopment also affected a group of technical rooms.

Standard windows with a window sill height of 0.9 m instead of French ones - from floor to ceiling - helped to improve the heating technology at home, which is important in winter period... On the second floor, the height of the windows remained the same, but here they arranged a balcony with a wooden fence and an exit from two rooms. A stone-faced ventilation block has appeared on the facade of the house - it runs through the outer wall of the technical room.

The front facade of the house has undergone changes: on the first floor, the height of the windows has decreased, and on the second, a balcony has appeared.

Despite all these changes, our designers have kept artistic image cottage, space-planning structure and, of course, main feature interior space - a sculptural staircase in the very center of the house. The construction of the building for this project was carried out by our campaign in 2010.

The front facade of the house has undergone changes: on the first floor, the height of the windows has decreased, and on the second, a balcony has appeared.

For economic reasons and aesthetic preferences of the customer, our architects have shifted decorative accents in the exterior of the house. The snow-white rusts and platbands were abandoned, and the expensive dark facing brick of the outer walls was replaced with a light-colored brick. At the same time, to preserve the contrast, window frames, frontal boards and drainage were performed in a dark range. For more reliable operation of the roof c large quantity valleys and ribs, it was decided to replace the metal tile with bituminous tiles.

Despite all these changes, our designers have preserved the artistic image of the cottage, the space-planning structure and, of course, the main feature of the interior space - the sculptural staircase in the very center of the house. The construction of the building for this project was carried out by our company in 2010.

Soon on our website we will present you new photos of the interiors of this house, as well as video interviews with its owners.

We are currently actively cooperating with the German architectural and construction bureau Anke Disterheft. Leading specialists and management of the Azbuka Construction company often visit Germany, where they exchange experience with German colleagues, improve their qualifications, study new technologies and materials in construction.

We have accumulated a large number of ideas for the design and construction of country houses based on German standards and technologies. a lot of original literature on German architecture. If you are interested in the material of this article, we are always waiting for you in the "ABC of Construction".

Back in the distant 15th century, the first half-timbered houses in Germany were built. They combined elegant lightness with a safe, warm and very durable home. Over time, the style spread throughout Europe. Thus, the appearance of a large number of cities was created. Relatively recently, interest in this style has revived, and Russia is no exception. It should be noted right away that there is a half-timbered house construction and facade decoration in the same style.

To build a half-timbered house, it is necessary to acquire certain skills in the construction of a rigid frame, braces and beams that could take on all the bearing loads, including the weight of the roof. After the frame is ready and installed on the foundation, the roof is installed, you can proceed to the next stage. Now you need to fill in inner space frame. This can be done using various building materials. In the 15th century, crushed stone, stone and bricks were used for this. Today it is possible to use lighter materials with high thermal insulation properties.

As for the facade decoration in the half-timbered style, this is a kind of "make-up" finished house... For its device, as a rule, polyurethane false beams are used. In this article, you will learn about how to build a half-timbered house, about the architectural features of such a structure. In addition, it will outline how to properly decorate the facade for a half-timbered house.

Architectural features

The basis of the house is power frame from timber, steel or reinforced concrete. Horizontal beams are connected in the structure, vertical posts as well as inclined and diagonal braces. Outside, the frame is not masked, because this feature is the highlight of the style. The load-bearing elements seem to divide the facade of the building, giving it expressiveness.

In the past, the interframe space was filled with adobe. Now, for this purpose, foam block, brick, aerated concrete, double-glazed windows and different types insulation of the latest generation. Ideally, modern half-timbered houses are glazed up to 75%. But, in the harsh climate on Russian lands, such construction is often unprofitable. As a result, wall decoration in the fachwerk style, with the use of overhead decorative elements, has become more widespread.

Note! The roof of a half-timbered house is made gable with wide overhangs, without an attic. This special design protects the building from the negative effects of adverse atmospheric factors.

In the old days, natural tiles were used as roofing material. These days, this material is very expensive, so more often than not. It is quite possible to build a half-timbered house with your own hands, the main thing is to study the design features and clearly follow the project.

The half-timbered house has a high energy efficiency. This is possible due to the application in construction modern heaters... The advantages of the structure include stability and strength. The special design of the frame provides an opportunity to save on construction, because the walls need less brick or aerated concrete. In addition, the weight of the house is significantly reduced, which makes it possible to build it even on piles.

So, the parts of the frame should be assembled separately from each other. In their place, they, as a constructor, are assembled with the help of a lift. Most often, the basis of the structure is a planed, polished glued beam made from varieties conifers wood. It is treated with special antiseptic and antifungal agents, which protects the wood from temperature extremes, moisture, mold and insects. Sometimes metal beams are used for the frame. This only improves the strength of the house. However, its price will rise significantly, because metal is more expensive than wood.

After completing the assembly of the timber frame of the half-timbered house, the beams should be sanded and treated with special compounds. After that, it is necessary to immediately carry out the installation of the roof. This will help to strengthen the structure and protect it from precipitation. At the final stage, the empty space of the frame should be filled, after which you can proceed with the installation of windows and doors.

Like all types of building structures, half-timbered houses have undergone some changes. The modern features of the home are more focused on overhangs and massive beams. Wooden roundings are no longer used. Outwardly, the half-timbered house resembles a combination of the styles of the eternal classics - Japanese and European. Usage large glasses led to the improvement of the style, which acquired a new name - glass half-timbered houses.

Note! Do not think that a half-timbered house will be cold in a glass house, because energy-saving special double-glazed windows are used for its construction, which are made of low-emission glass with argon filling. Although outwardly, the house may seem fragile, in fact, this impression is very deceiving.

The half-timbered glass house is saturated with light, which has a beneficial effect on the health and mood of its inhabitants. There is another modern material used to fill the walls of a half-timbered house - cement particle boards (DSP). What's this? It is a rectangular sheet made from Portland cement and wood chips. They add special chemical compositions protecting against mold, mildew and moisture. DSP is relatively inexpensive, moreover, it has excellent sound and heat insulation properties. The material has a low flexural strength, however, it perfectly withstands longitudinal loads. And this makes it possible to strengthen the frame. Aerated concrete is also economical, it is very easy to finish, and has high thermal insulation characteristics.

Fachwerk imitation

The house, which will be finished in the half-timbered style, can be cinder block, brick or wood. Polyurethane is most often used as the main material. Bars and boards are made of it, which are extremely difficult to distinguish from natural wood even at a small distance. This material is resistant to moisture, mold, precipitation and insects. It does not lend itself to deformation and does not crack. And the cost of polyurethane beams is much lower than that of their natural wood counterparts.

Fachwerk house facade decoration- it perfect solution! Polyurethane boards are installed using liquid nails. Before you buy glue, take a look at the instructions. It is very important that liquid nails are suitable for outdoor use. After all, the glue must be resistant to temperature extremes and precipitation. Use a miter saw and a circular saw to adjust seams and make clear cuts. If you decide to fill the DSP frame, then the plates can be easily cut with a jigsaw or grinder. Color the cut blanks with water-soluble or oil paints... After the CBPB is dry, they can be screwed to the beams, filling the space between them. The house, which is sheathed with panels, is warmer, the soundproofing of the walls is improved in it. This technology is excellent for cladding houses made of bricks and blocks that are heavily worn out. An example of such houses in the half-timbered style can be seen in the photo.

If you decide to make a house for a half-timbered house with your own hands, then first plaster all the walls. After fully setting them, paint the walls in some light tone. To do this, use an acrylic emulsion. Raised beams should have a contrasting color such as brown or black. Today, you can purchase a composition from a specialist store that gives the board a patina effect.

Note! All overhead parts should be opened with 2-3 layers of paint, dried, and only after that they can be attached to the wall according to the project drawing. On the paints and varnishes saving is not worth it. Otherwise, the house will have to be repainted every year!

If you decide to use natural boards, then treat them with antiseptics, and then paint on both sides, including the ends.

Natural board finishing process technology

Before proceeding with the finishing of the facade, it is important to make a working drawing. To do this, check with authentic half-timbered houses.

Note! The layout of the imitation of beams should correspond as closely as possible to the principles of building half-timbered houses, otherwise this idea loses all meaning. The panels that fill the frame are tied to the structure of the house.

Beams, braces, girders, top and bottom straps should be similar to the load-bearing ones. In no case should they be allowed to resemble decorative elements.

To complete the work, you will need the following tool:

1. Roulette and level.
2. Electric drill.
3. Marker for marking.
4. Saws - face and circular.
5. Hacksaw for metal.
6. Metal anchors.
7. Trowel and grout machine.

Moreover, you need dry building mixture, synthetic universal adhesive, sealant, reinforcing mesh made of fiberglass. The main material will be glued board or polyurethane, as well as insulation. The lumber should first be cut to size, then sanded, treated with an antiseptic and painted.

At the first stage of finishing the facade, glue insulation boards to the outer walls. If you want your home to be environmentally friendly, then foam polymer is the best material. Then select the grooves for the board in the slabs. To cut the polymer, you should use a metal hacksaw or, in extreme cases, a sharp knife. Initially, select the thickness of the board so that a sufficient layer of insulation remains under it. This will eliminate the formation of unwanted cold bridges. The glued insulation boards must create a flat plane that does not have depressions and protrusions. This is due to the fact that subsequently it should be applied adhesive composition, and then let him grab. Then press the fiberglass mesh into the adhesive. It will serve as a reinforcing layer for the plaster.

Nail the false beams to the wall through the insulation layer. Install the struts and beams first, and then the braces. Fill the gaps between the board and the expanded polystyrene with sealant. After the final crystallization of the glue, you can start plastering and then painting in the desired color.

What is important for builders to know

Fachwerk-style facade decoration is applicable only for low-rise buildings. The width of the elements that imitate the power frame must be at least 15 cm, moreover, that minimum distance between the uprights - 60 cm. The frame uprights can be mounted flush with the facade, or, on the contrary, they can protrude above the surface of the walls. False beams are fixed using the same method.

The visual division of the floors can be emphasized by two or three rows of beams arranged horizontally. Concerning window frames, then they must have a small binding. Facade doors for half-timbered houses should be deaf, without glazing. The overall picture of the style will not be balanced if there are few or, conversely, a lot of dark beams on a light wall. All technical elements of the house must be brought in accordance with the half-timbered style. The foundation should be covered with natural stone. The plastered surface of the house can be decorated, for example, floral ornament or emblems. Traditional fachwerk includes a bold black outline of the frame parts. So, the beams will appear visually more massive and more reliable. If you decide to implement

Fachwerk decoration - how to transform the facade of a house with the help of DSP and boards

29 November, 2016
Specialization: Master in Construction plasterboard structures, finishing works and laying floor coverings. Installation of door and window blocks, decoration of facades, installation of electrical, plumbing and heating - I can give detailed advice on all types of work.

The fachwerk style is associated with the charm of small towns in Western Europe for many. But if you wish, you can arrange your house in a detailed way. Read this review and you will see how simple and easy it is to create a corner of Bavaria in your backyard.

Description of the workflow

In the original, the style involves the construction of a frame from a thick bar and filling the space with insulation. We will use a modern solution that is suitable for any type of facade and can be done in a few days. The option I have considered is far from the only one, but the simplest and most reliable of all.

Stage 1 - collecting the necessary materials

Before starting work, you need to stock up on everything required, a list of basic materials is presented in the table.

Stage 2 - collecting the tool

When the facade is finished for a half-timbered house, the following devices are required:

• If the frame will be attached to the walls with dowels, it is imperative that a perforator with a drill of the required diameter be available;
• A screwdriver is necessary both for tightening self-tapping screws and for drilling holes in a DSP. Therefore, do not forget to stock up on nozzles and drills 3.5-4 mm (suitable for metal);

• Slabs are cut using a grinder with a concrete disc. Cutting the board and the bar can be done both with a power tool and with a hand hacksaw;

• Plane control is carried out with a level of 1 meter or more, measurements and markings are carried out using a tape measure, a pencil and a square.

Stage 3 - construction of the frame

To begin with, you need to make a solid and reliable base for finishing the facade. The instructions for carrying out this part of the work are as follows:

• The first step is to check the surfaces with a level. Find out how smooth they are and if there are any noticeable differences in height, if the difference is a few millimeters, then you can attach directly to the surface. If the irregularities are significant, then it is easier to use suspensions;
• The direction of the racks can be any, I personally prefer the vertical option, but you can put it horizontally and make a crate with jumpers. The distance between the posts should not be more than 50 cm. The location is selected so that the vertical joints of the sheets fall on the bar;
• Suspensions are fixed along the line of passage of the racks at a distance of no more than 50 cm from each other. They are located perpendicular to the bar;

• Nails are hammered into the wall or dowels with self-tapping screws are placed, a cord is pulled between them for a reference point. After that, a bar is attached, everything is simple: the suspensions are bent, the element is leveled and fixed with self-tapping screws. When working, do not forget to control the plane by applying a level to several racks;
• If the wall is flat, then the attachment is made directly to it. If necessary, slats or chips are placed under the bar;

Before installation, the bar must be treated with an antiseptic composition. Moreover, it is better to do this not by dyeing, but by dipping, having built a trough of the required size from film and boards.

• Insulation is inserted between the frame elements. It is cut into pieces slightly wider than the distance between the bars to fill the space tightly. Try to lay the material so that there are as few voids under the frame as possible;

• A windproof film is laid on top of the insulation. It can be fixed with self-tapping screws or a stapler. To provide the best protection heat insulator, the overlap at the joints must be at least 100 mm.

Stage 4 - fixing the DSP

Let's figure out how to attach DSP sheets to the frame:

• First, you need to measure the distance between the bars to determine the optimal width of the sheets. If the finished elements do not fit, then you need to mark them and cut them with a grinder. The work is dusty, so it is better to work with a respirator;

• Then you need to drill holes, they are located in 20 cm increments at the edges and 40 cm in the middle. The distance from the end must be at least 15 mm. The diameter of the holes should not be less than the thickness of the self-tapping screw, and preferably half a millimeter more;

At the preparation stage, treat the ends of the sheets with a strengthening primer. Primary application can be done while they are still in stacks, and secondary application when you cut the elements.

• When fastening sheets, you need to remember a simple rule: the gap between the elements should be 3-5 mm. While you are tightening the screws, two assistants must hold the DSP in the required position. The fasteners are screwed in so that the cap is recessed below the surface level by 1-2 mm, so you close up the attachment point and make it invisible;

• When the fastening is complete, you can proceed to the last part of the work: filling the joints. For this, a special weather-resistant compound is used, it is sold in buckets and applied with a spatula. When filling the seams, be sure to grease the attachment points, in the end you will get the result, as in the photo below.

Stage 5 - painting and decorating

At this stage, the characteristic finishing of the façade will be formed, the house will take on its final appearance before our eyes. The workflow is as follows:

• First of all, you need to apply a primer to the surface. It will strengthen the material and improve paint adhesion. The work is done with a roller, after application, the walls are left to dry completely;
• The paint is applied with the same roller, the composition is thoroughly mixed before use. Most often, in one layer it is not possible to achieve a uniform color, so the staining is repeated again. The second layer can be applied only after the first one is completely dry;

Fachwerk decoration requires the same arrangement of elements along the facade

• The boards are pre-painted in a dark color, after which measurements can be taken. According to the results of measurements, the elements are marked and cut into pieces of the desired size. The main thing here is not to confuse anything and not to spoil the material, especially if you have polyurethane elements, because their price is high;

To give the facade an authentic look, you can artificially age the board by treating it with a grinder with a wire brush. It will remove the soft layers of wood and make the fibrous structure more prominent.

• The finished elements are fastened either with self-tapping screws (if you have a board) or with liquid nails (if you have polyurethane). In the first case, holes are drilled in the board and DSP, in the second, glue is applied to the element, and it is tightly pressed to the attachment point.

As you can see, decorating a half-timbered house with your own hands requires some effort, but as a result you will get an original and stylish home. It will stand out from the general background with its authenticity. The photo below shows all the stages of finishing, which I described above, so that you can see the difference.

You can do it even easier and attach the boards to the existing façade, this will refresh the exterior of the house. You can also use such a finish indoors, it is still easier there, because it is enough to paint the walls in a light shade and attach the board.

Conclusion

If you do everything as it is written in the article, you will achieve an excellent result. Making a half-timbered house is no more difficult than revealing or plastering it. The video in this article will help you better understand certain aspects of the work, and if you have questions, then write them in the comments.

If you want to express gratitude, add clarification or objection, ask the author something - add a comment or say thank you!

Among all existing architectural trends, the German style attracts strong attention to itself, which is often used in today's construction when decorating the facade parts of a building. This style is characterized by restraint and grace, uncomplicated forms.

Looking at such a facade, there is an unfeigned feeling of the fundamentalness of the house and home comfort. The demand for the German style is greatly facilitated by the fact that it is permissible to arrange it even on a finished building. Recalling the zeal and scrupulousness of the Germans, we can say that a lot of materials will not be needed to decorate the facade in the German style. The German style can be noted as very economical, only at the same time it is known for its rationality and originality of decoration.

Its decorative details stand out for their simplicity and restraint. In the German style, bright colors, statues, intricate decorations and drawings should not be used. Rationality will become the main principle. The color palette of the German style is also quite limited.

How to make a facade in German style.

How to form a wall and roof in a German style? The shape of the mansion should become classic - square or rectangular. However, some protruding elements, due to which the living space of the building is increased, will be quite possible. The texture of the walls in the German style should be even. As for the roof, it is usually formed with a gable, the recommended colors are brown. If you intend to copy the German style on the facade of your own home as accurately as possible, then it is better to lay tiles on the roof. The plinth is decorated with natural stone. German-style attics are rare. Small balconies are considered to be a substitute for them. Considering these technological factors, you have the opportunity to add a thoroughbred and representative look to the facade of your home.

Decoration of windows and doors. Conditions in this segment are quite considerable. First of all, you need to remember that the front door in the German style is the "highlight" of the facade. She must attract attention and stand out from the general background. German-style windows are traditionally rectangular, although arched in some cases. In addition, a distinctive feature will be the formation of multi-sectional windows, when the glasses are interconnected by numerous bridges. In addition, the windows are decorated with wooden shutters, which perform only a decorative function, giving the cottage a habitable and well-equipped look.

Types of house facades: gothic house and half-timbered houses.

Half-timbered houses. Fachwerk is a famous style of architecture in Germany. A characteristic feature of such buildings will be the creation of a vertical frame with longitudinal beams and diagonal braces. It is also characterized by curly beam structures. They are painted in colors that contrast with the shade of the walls, giving the building an effect and aesthetics. Curved beams in combination with natural stone cladding or plaster look extremely aesthetically pleasing on the walls.

Gothic houses. Houses that are stylized as Gothic are always distinguished by their non-standard features. In the photographs, these buildings look like real medieval castles. This is facilitated by a cone-shaped roof and vertically elongated windows, which visually make the whole structure taller and more representative. Brick columns complete the image of the Gothic house. They are needed not only for decoration, but also perform a utilitarian function - they hold the roof of the veranda.

A cottage in a German style is fashionable, original and elegant. Each building will be unique, but at the same time so recognizable!

The facade of the house is the first thing that guests and passers-by see. The opinion that will be formed about its owners largely depends on the external decoration of the building. Therefore, when planning construction, more and more people are guided not only by practicality, but also by beauty, giving preference to one or another architectural direction. A German-style house is an excellent solution for those who value solidity, simplicity and elegance.

What buildings are popular in Bavaria and other parts of Germany? How to build such houses? Consider the nuances of the design of the facades of buildings in the German style.

Features of a house in a German style

The Bavarian or German style of the house presupposes a neatness and even a certain austereness of the external design. Its characteristic features include:

• lack of lush decorative elements;
• the severity of the lines;
• practicality;
• use of inexpensive materials in decoration;
• calm colors.

Every element of the house must comply with these rules. Despite the seeming simplicity, while observing the traditions of Western European architecture, the building does not look inconspicuous. Country cottages in German style resemble fabulous houses, descended from the pages of fairy tales. This effect is enhanced by the neat design of the local area - mowed lawns, decorative plantings near the porch, hedges.

Walls and roof

When it comes to the traditional German style of the house, the most common shape of the building is a rectangle or square. The walls are made smooth and painted in discreet colors - white, sand, gray. A combination of dark wood (timber) and clay is popular, and the facade can also be decorated with polymer panels, cement-bonded particle boards or bricks. The basement is often trimmed with natural stone.

The roof of a Bavarian-style house is usually gable, without an attic and with wide overhangs. Acceptable color solutions include red, brown, green, blue shades and their variations. Sometimes in one coating several similar tones are combined.

Roofing material is shingles or natural slate (slate). If the house is two-story, under the roof there may be an attic with a tinted wood fence, a bay window or a balcony.

Windows and doors

The entrance lobby and the German-style windows should be eye-catching. The door itself, as a rule, is made of wood, in the upper part of it there is glazing with lintels. A porch, wood or stone, leads to the entrance to the building. Also, a spacious one can be located in front of the door.

Windows are usually rectangular or arched. Each of them consists of several square or rectangular sections, fastened with jumpers. Modern Bavarian style also allows panoramic glazing houses.

If combined with the overall style of the façade, shutters can be added to the windows. They serve as decorative functions, creating a striking accent and giving the home a rustic, cozy feel. Sometimes shutters are covered with carvings and paintings.

Half-timbered houses

Houses in the German style, projects of which involve the presence of a visible frame from a bar, are called half-timbered houses. This type of architecture appeared in Germany in the 15th century and gradually gained popularity in other European countries.

The term fachwerk means a frame structure. Such houses have a rigid frame made of vertical, horizontal and diagonal beams. Initially, the space between the timber was filled with straw, branches and reeds mixed with clay. At the same time, the elements of the frame were left open. The remaining surface was plastered, and wealthy citizens decorated the walls with carved wood paneling.

Using wood as the main building material, spawned interesting feature half-timbered houses- each floor of the building protrudes forward over the previous one. This design allows rainwater to drain to the ground, protecting walls and foundations from excessive moisture.

Half-timbered houses have shown themselves from the best side. The reliability of the technology is evidenced by the fact that in Europe you can still find buildings in this style, built more than 300 years ago.

Other advantages of half-timbered houses include:

• speed of construction;
• high thermal insulation properties;
• cheap materials;
• ease of repair work.

But there are also disadvantages - wood needs to be treated against mold and mildew, materials are highly flammable, a forced ventilation device is needed. Considering the cons frame houses, some owners resort to imitation of half-timbered houses.

At the same time, the walls are erected from any modern materials, and the facade is decorated with polyurethane panels that create the impression wooden beams... Thus, the finishing of the house in the German style will look natural, but the building will become more practical.

Gothic houses

Gothic in Germany began to develop in the X-XI centuries under the influence of French architecture. German buildings had their own characteristics - strict geometric shapes (usually a rectangle), one or four tall towers instead of two, more modest facade decoration, external resemblance to defensive fortresses.

The building material is usually brick or stone. The height of the building is at least 3 floors, the roof is made pointed, the windows are pointed and elongated. The roof of German Gothic houses is distinguished by color, any contrasting combinations are possible - dark tiles and light walls or vice versa.

Although this style may seem outdated, it is still popular today, including in cottage construction. Vacation home v gothic style- a personal fortress, from which exudes reliability and antiquity. It will look especially organic in the bosom of nature - in a mountainous area or at the edge of a forest.

A Bavarian-style house, be it a rustic half-timbered cottage or a sophisticated Gothic fortress, is an example of German quality and practicality. You can be sure that the buildings, erected according to technologies proven in Germany, will serve more than one generation of owners and will be able to surprise guests with their unusual design.

Useful video about a house in a German style

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