Frame houses on the Swedish technology. Construction of houses using Swedish technology

Encyclopedia of Plants 10.06.2019

Encyclopedia of Plants

Since ancient times, frame houses have been built on the Scandinavian Peninsula - inexpensive, durable and warm. Previously, their walls were insulated with reeds, sawdust or straw. These houses stand everywhere among the Swedish and Norwegian fjords, among the Finnish forests to this day.

These Swedish frame houses are over ninety years old! Who said, that wooden house short-lived? With proper construction and proper care, a timber frame house can stand for centuries!

Nowadays Sweden is one of the most developed countries peace. By volume industrial production Sweden is only a few percent behind Norway, Finland and Denmark combined! High demands on living standards and energy shortages, increased environmental and safety requirements demanded a universal and inexpensive solution.

Therefore, 80% of all houses in Sweden are built using the technology wooden frame. prefabricated wooden houses, according to this technology, have been industrially produced in Sweden for more than half a century by 245 construction companies.

This is what a completely ordinary modern Swedish looks like Vacation home on frame technology.

Wealthy people in Sweden also build classic Victorian-style frame houses that look quite luxurious.

But if you want to live in modern home- frame technology is still at your service!

This is what modern looks like swedish house on frame technology in modern style, which can be built for you by the DKMK plant.

What features are typical for Swedish frame houses?

Since Sweden is characterized by enough strong winds, high humidity and a large snow load inherent in the maritime climate, frame houses are made with a reinforced frame and thick walls with power sheathing. The so-called insulated Swedish plate - UShP is used as a foundation. This slab foundation reliably separates the premises of the house from cold ground and is often the basis for a heating system using the "warm floor" system. Since Sweden generates energy nuclear power plants and expensive enough, then for heating Swedish home often a heat pump is used, immersed in the bowels of the earth or in the sea.

Russia is a rather cold country, especially in winter period, so you need to build a house in accordance with climatic conditions.

Swedish technology is the best suited for this, as it is energy-saving. In addition, when building a house, initially, interior decoration is included in its price, which allows you to simply move in and live after the construction is completed.

House project according to Swedish building technology

This option is very beneficial because no additional costs are required:

for the installation of plumbing;
wallpapering or painting walls;
finishing of ceilings and floors.

All electrical work, installation of sockets, switches, interior lighting are done during the construction of the house. Even tiles and laminate are laid during construction.

Such a house is being built quite quickly.

First set load-bearing frame, then the floors and rafters are laid. The material for it is a very light thin-walled thermal profile, which is made of high-strength galvanized steel. The question may arise why steel was not used in construction before. The answer is very simple - with a solid frame, areas are formed that accumulate cold, and condensate is released, as a result of which the entire structure is subjected to gradual destruction. But this applies to solid profiles.

A sample of the supporting metal frame of the house

For exterior walls in Swedish frame house steel thermal profiles are used, the cross section of which is minimal, and in order to increase the heat flux, through grooves arranged in a checkerboard pattern are cut into them.

Despite the fact that it is possible to build a house using this technology quite quickly, however, it is more difficult to do this than to raise a Canadian modular house or assemble a panel structure from glued laminated timber.

The fact is that frame frames are assembled at the construction site, and have dimensions that do not allow them to be transported.

For exterior walls, the boards are planed by hand, primed, then a two-layer painting is done, and only after that they are attached to the frame with screws. The base of the roof is OSB-3, on which a soft metal tile is attached.

As for the construction of the foundation, it is usually made monolithic. To strengthen the frame, a fixed formwork is put on it, which is filled with foam concrete or, to reduce cost, with thermofloc. None of these materials shrink, lose their properties over time, and are environmentally friendly.

The thermal conductivity of the thermal profile frame is 20% lower than that of wooden counterparts, due to which the house receives increased energy savings. The assembly of such a structure can be carried out at any time of the year, even in winter.

Benefits of a Swedish home

Building frame houses using frames began more than 100 years ago in Sweden. They were built in fishing villages. All projects today Swedish houses calculated on computers, improved. Additional strength to these buildings is given by a monolithic strip or slab foundation.

How the Swedish house is equipped

While the steel frame is being manufactured at the plant, the foundation is already being poured on the site, and by the time all the elements are delivered, the foundation will be completely ready. To buy such a house, there is absolutely no need to go to Sweden. It can be ordered from a company that builds Swedish-style housing.

house frame

Since the frame is very light, the load of the entire structure does not exceed 117 kg / m2 of the foundation, which means that the foundation should not be very powerful, that is, you can save enough on this.

We were going to tell you about the so-called Swedish window insulation technology, which is gaining more and more fans in our country. But our readers at the presentations always asked to tell us briefly about what the “Swedish house” itself is like.

Swedish house»

The concept of "Swedish house" in Russia fashion trend became relatively recent, already in the new millennium, entering into competition with the so-called. "Canadian home"
It must be understood that under the newfangled concept, different content can be hidden. At least two:

Frame houses supplied from Swedish factories;
Pre-fabricated houses under construction in Russia using the LSTK frame technology.

Let's figure it out.

One of the main advantages of the LSTK frame construction technology is the small specific gravity structures

Country houses from Sweden

For example, country houses from Sweden and their projects are offered on Russian market several construction companies-suppliers.

Such Swedish houses are supplied to customers in a complete set, so to speak, "turnkey", and this concept includes all the necessary components for comfortable life to the maximum, based on the principle that the acquisition (installation) of one's house for a person is a very serious and responsible step, which means that clarity and smoothness of each of the stages of its construction are needed.
This home offers:

dubbed heating system when space heating is carried out using several systems. They can function as a whole or separately.
The entire structure is insulated with high quality to avoid unnecessary heating costs.
A heat pump is supplied, which works in tandem with boilers on different types fuel, as well as electricity.
"Heated floors" are mounted;
Pre-installed wall radiators;
Air conditioning system and heat recovery in progress;
A fireplace is placed in the central part of the house;
Mobile treatment system with the necessary facilities;
Independent water supply;
Universal power supply system, which implies the ability not to connect to centralized communication networks.

The set, as you can see, is attractive.
But the "buns" do not end there.

Production time and commissioning

This is also a topical issue - seasonality in the regions of Russia usually presents difficulties with deadlines, as a result, housing construction often drags on for more than one year.
As for Swedish houses, here the whole process of building a house (due to the peculiarities of the frame technology) from the application to its commissioning takes several weeks and it does not depend on the geographical location and the time of year.

Free project

When concluding a contract with a customer for the construction of a Swedish house, the company usually provides a free dwelling project.
There are several classes of Swedish houses. Such as ELIT, MASSIV, LUXURY are supplied to Russia - made directly at Swedish factories.

Swedish house in Russian design

The concept of a Swedish home in Russia is somehow conditional. Such a house can now not only be “brought” directly from Europe. But order domestic producers. And even build your own.

Spread LSTK technology- an abbreviation for the name "Light Steel Thin-Walled Structures".
Such structures based on thin steel up to 3 mm thick are used for the construction of high-speed frame buildings.

These structures include profiled sheets and thin-walled galvanized steel profiles.

Although profiled steel sheet today accounts for approximately 70% of all light steel structures, the term LSTK has become entrenched in Russia as denoting the technology of erecting buildings using precisely a galvanized profile.

The advent of LSTK technology

This technology was developed in the 50s of the 20th century in Canada. The main reason for the emergence of this technology was the need to build a large number low-rise buildings for the middle class of the respective climatic conditions countries. The LSTC technology quickly acquired the character of mass application, reducing (and completely eliminating) the use of wooden frames in the suburbs and cities, due to their high cost, susceptibility to decay and the effects of insect pests. But the main factor for the development of LSTK was the possibility of industrial, mass production of steel profiles and the availability of the material.

At the same time, it should be noted that in this moment LSTK technology does not occupy a leading position in the markets of low-rise individual construction in those countries where this technology is imported from. frame construction houses developed in North America, Canada, the Scandinavian countries, but in them so far more houses are being built on the basis of a wood frame.

Application

Light steel thin-walled structures are made of galvanized profile or perforated profiles(thermal profiles). Guides, rack and jumpers are made.

To connect cold-formed profiles use:

bolts (diameter 5-16 mm),
self-tapping screws;
self-drilling self-tapping screws;
pull rivets;
powder mounting dowels;
pneumatic mounting dowels;
bubbles;
press connections (Rosette).

Advantages

Among the first advantages of such houses, environmental friendliness is noted, because. during the construction of a structure based on LSTC, the surrounding landscape, including trees and shrubs, is minimally damaged. In addition, if necessary, the possible complete disposal of the house;
Construction speed. The construction time for a building based on LSTK usually does not exceed 4-5 months;
Simplicity and ease of installation. When working, 3-4 workers are enough;
There is no shrinkage of the foundation either at the time of construction or during operation;
All-weather installation;
Lack of heavy equipment during construction;
Seismic resistance. By the way, the construction of houses on LSTK technologies gained considerable popularity in Japan and other countries where seismic activity is high.
Sufficiently low cost of 1 square. m. In Russia, the market value of 1 square. m of such housing from LSTC is approximately from 19-20 thousand rubles.
High heat saving.
The service life of houses made of LSTK is declared to be 70-100 years or more.

Note that for the most part benefits listed refers not so much to LSTK, but to frame structures in general.

Immediate benefits of LSTC

Stability and accuracy geometric dimensions profiles
Compact for transport
Factory quality. A kit for the construction of a building from LSTK is produced at the factory and delivered to the site in the form of a ready-made “house kit” with project documentation by assembly.

Flaws

There is an opinion that main disadvantage of this technology are "thin walls". Many consumers even have the feeling that you can easily break through such a wall with almost a fist. But this is unreasonable, because the materials for the installation of ceilings and cladding are very plastic, and they withstand shock.
There is also an opinion that a low service life compared to buildings made of stone and brick is ensured by the use of general purpose galvanized steel (Zn< 120 г/кв.м.), this shortcoming is minimized if steel with zinc coated at 25 microns (Zn > 350 g/m2).
In Russia, the declared quality of structures does not always correspond to the real one. Often, LSTC manufacturers underestimate the real quality characteristics of products in pursuit of a lower cost. Typical situations - profile thickness reduction, thinner zinc layer (Zn< 120 г/кв.м.). Это прямо влияет на качество конструкции.
Critical dependence of the customer on the manufacturer. Indeed, sometimes it turns out that the panel is not entirely accurately produced or negligent (forgotten "screw"), and problems may arise during the installation of the building.
Lack of conclusions on the electromagnetic safety of living in buildings with metal frame, insufficient information on how such buildings react to electromagnetic radiation.
The design and installation of buildings from LSTK should be carried out by highly qualified specialists. The cost of such mistakes can be high.

Basic swedish house

At the heart of each project is a basic residential building. Projects differ from each other only in the external environment of this basic house. Therefore, the base usually does not change. But they can change the configuration of its environment.

The foundation is monolithic, deepened by 1.5 m, reinforced concrete. Such a foundation is 7-8 times more expensive than shallow foam blocks or recently appeared screw piles. But these "screwed" foundations have practically no history of operation in Russia for the construction of frame houses. Reinforced concrete monolith is a time-tested solution, which, by the way, is used not only for frame, but for brick houses.
Kitchen, bedroom, bathroom and nursery

The construction of the Swedish House involves the use of only natural materials.
For external walls - planed board with a width of 145 mm and a thickness of 22 mm. It is beautiful, natural and durable.

The frame of the house is frames made of timber (150 x 50 mm).
For thermal insulation, non-shrinking basalt slabs Rockwoll with a total thickness of 150 mm. It is worth noting that this is more effective than 100 mm insulation, which is now considered the standard.

The roof is based on IcoPal soft Finnish tiles. Soft shingles lasts long and reliably. Besides, she is beautiful.

Material internal walls- drywall on a frame made of metal profiles. Such a project implies that after the interior decoration, the house will look like a business class apartment from the inside. And there is. Details are in the finishing section.

The entire Swedish house is surrounded by a veranda around the perimeter. You can get here not only through front door in the hallway, but also directly from any room on the first floor, including the living room and kitchen. This greatly expands the space of the Swedish house, and when the weather allows, the veranda is an extension of the room or living room. In summer it is especially nice to have a meal outside, or just sit outside. The floor of the veranda is a planed timber 100 mm thick, covered with a white Tikkurila antiseptic, specially designed for outdoor outdoor floors. The beam is laid on a monolithic concrete strip foundation with a gap that allows you to wash the floor of the veranda with a hose or high pressure washer.

The area of the veranda is quite large, but we do not take it into account when calculating the area of \u200b\u200bthe house. Pay attention to this when you compare the cost of building a frame Swedish House per sq. meter with other proposals in the market for the construction of business-class townhouses.

The quality of the materials used for the construction of frame houses and business class townhouses ensures that you do not have to do the exterior or interior redecorating such a Swedish house in 3-4 years.

Swedish window insulation technology

Insulation of windows using Swedish technology is also becoming more and more popular.

With the approach of winter, the issue of warming the apartment becomes more and more important. In urban apartments, there are mainly doors, and whoever has money and who considers it expedient also has balconies. Thinking about the insulation of windows, people ask questions - what is the best way to insulate them? How to do it? Do-it-yourself insulation or invite specialists? Of course, the answers to these questions depend mainly on the availability of financial resources, which can be allocated for insulation. And recently, people are increasingly using the services of specialized firms to do window frames warm. And many of the modern companies are actively promoting the so-called "Swedish technology" of window insulation to the market. What is it and what is the essence of this technology? Is it worth using it or is it better to do with the old, old-fashioned ways to insulate? Let's figure it out.

small digression

If you came to our site for the query "Swedish technology houses", I suggest you watch (your choice) two short videos.

The first is dedicated to real Swedish houses, their beauty and comfort - that is, in a couple of minutes you can simply see them as they really are in your native Sweden:

The second video was filmed by the producers of the so-called "Swedish houses" in Russia and will be of interest to those who would like to learn more about this technology:

Swedish window frame insulation technology

She came to Russia about 15 years ago, as the name implies, from cold Sweden, where residents are also concerned about the problem of keeping warm in their homes during the cold season. According to the Swedes' technology, only wooden windows were insulated, but over time they began to insulate plastic windows as well (although this is done much less frequently than with wooden ones - plastic ones seem to be a priori warm).

What is the essence of the process?

Work begins with wooden frames are removed and taken out to the landing - the craftsmen do not work in the apartment, this is convenient, because there is no such dirt as after installing new double-glazed windows, for example. In the frames, grooves are sawn from all sides - grooves. A professional tubular seal is inserted into it.

The seal is placed in special grooves - grooves

Firms engaged in insulation according to Swedish technology claim that this sealant can withstand temperatures from -50 to + 80 (by the way, when insulating windows, it is assumed that the owner of the room does not want to let the cold into his house. plus temperature (80 degrees) is 30 degrees higher than minus (only 50) - a mystery). Such professional insulation from Sweden should supposedly last 10-15 years, unlike conventional ones, which last a couple of years.

Heaters from Sweden have 5 different sizes- depending on the size of the gap, the desired one is selected. Usually, window insulation according to Swedish technology also includes a comprehensive carpentry repair, i.e. craftsmen repair window locks so that they close without problems, align the geometry of the frame (it is monitored that they close evenly, without catching on anything, do not jam. Such work should be done BEFORE cutting grooves and installing insulation). For an additional fee, high-quality painting of frames, replacement of drainage and even glass are offered.

For an additional fee, specialists can replace glass in your windows, make drainage systems and paint frames.

Together with insulation using Swedish technology, you can ask for the “glass unit effect” service - this is additional sealing at the junctions of the frame and glass. These gaps are filled silicone sealant. Glasses are securely fastened and will no longer have free vibration, which means that the level of noise penetrating into the apartment will be significantly reduced.

Please note that quality work Insulation of windows using Swedish technology eliminates the use of glue and nails to attach the tubular seal, it must be pressed into the grooves - otherwise, after a few years, the glue will come off and the brackets may rust.

After all the work has been done - mandatory and additional, the frames are returned to their place, installed and delight their owners with the saved heat.

With window insulation it is better not to pull until the cold autumn

Warming is best done before the start of the heating season, when it is still warm outside. If you still need to insulate when autumn winds and rains knock on the window - no problem, experts will close the window opening with a special tarpaulin that will not let the cold in from the street - so that after finishing work in the apartment there will be room temperature, not street temperature.

Price

She is interested in the first place - is it worth it? Isn't it better to buy a new double-glazed window? If you have wooden windows in good condition, not rotten (in this case, a plastic bag is definitely better), then insulation using Swedish technology will be cheaper than buying new windows. Depending on the size, the price of warming a double-leaf window will be 2500-3200 rubles, a three-leaf window - 3500-4600 rubles, balcony door- 2200-2500 rubles, doors and windows overlooking the balcony, i.e. in general - 3700-4000 rubles. Do not forget that the cost of the main work is also added to this amount. There is also a price additional work but not everyone uses them.

Summary of work

What do we get as a result, after warming according to Swedish technology?

Calculate, decide, weigh all the pros and cons, and let it be warm for you!

You can clearly see the process in the video:

This section presents projects of Swedish houses and cottages, prices for which range from 21,000 to 45,000 rubles (with rare exceptions). The low cost is due to the fact that traditional wooden houses in this country are built using a technology very similar to Russian log housing construction.

Features of Swedish houses

As in all Scandinavian countries, modern country cottages in Sweden they build mainly from wood. natural wood, subjected to minimal processing, prevails in construction, interior decoration, in furniture production. It is possible to point out some character traits Swedish buildings.

Simple-shaped houses with wide roofs, under which residential and utility rooms are combined. Summer cuisine, the bathhouse often communicates with the main house through a closed canopy.
Log walls are left unfinished, upholstered with a board impregnated with a special compound, or painted with resistant paints.
Windows of a simple form with wooden architraves, usually white color. There is no finish (unlike our carving) on them.

The Swedes build log cabins from round logs, the insulation between them is placed in “closed” grooves: the upper log rests tightly on the lower one without a visible gap. In the corners, they are connected into a "hexagon", so the log house looks more neat.

A typical Swedish house resembles a Russian hut on the outside, but is very different from the inside. Saving double-glazed windows, heated floors, several autonomous systems heating is a familiar set for such a house. The harsh climate and the habit of saving have led to the development of many energy-saving technologies that are widely used in private construction.

Finished projects with working drawings

We implement typical designs of Swedish-style houses, created by our own architectural office. Almost all of them have been tested in practice, all the nuances have been taken into account in the design, and all the details have been worked out. The set of attached documentation includes:

description with specification building materials;
construction masonry and marking plans;
schemes and sections of the foundation, roof, facade, individual units;
explication of floors, window and door connectors.

At the request of the customer, he produces an architectural passport, which is necessary for obtaining a building permit. A professionally designed project saves the customer from technical errors and subsequent “rework”, despite the fact that its price occupies an insignificant share in the total cost of building a house.

We have old houses that once faithfully served state institutions, they are simply demolished. In Europe, they are rebuilt into residential and sold to everyone. Can we go this route?

In Stockholm, Sweden, a unique two-storey house. Currently, this house has been restored and began to be used as a private residence. Moreover, during the repair, some old elements were preserved, which made it possible to preserve the historicity of this building and a certain flavor.
House area 157 square meters built in the form of a cross, which in itself is quite unusual. Entering the house, the first thing that catches your eye is a small rug, in vintage style. Next open red double doors, which lead to the living room and dining room, which previously served as a resting place for members of the Salvation Army.

The living and dining areas are spacious and good lighting. The original emblem of the thirties of the last century has been preserved on the wall in the niche. A large stove in the middle of the room allows you to conditionally divide it into a living room and a dining room. It turns out that sitting in the living room, you can admire a beautiful fireplace, and sitting at a large wooden antique table - a magnificent view from the window. It should be noted that in the dining room it was decided to leave even the old wooden benches, which look very harmonious with a bedside table standing near the table with candles and firewood neatly stacked in special niches behind the fireplace. Strange as it may seem, this historical atmosphere of the dining room goes very well with the modern living room, where there are modern sofas and a plasma TV hanging on the wall. This is explained by the fact that among modern objects one can also find elements that keep history, for example, a woven carpet, an ancient lamp and a braided vessel in the corner of the room.

A staircase leads from the living room to the second floor, and under the stairs there are bookshelf and a small but very comfortable office. The kitchen is made of metal and wood, which complement the bright modern elements, such as chairs, and vintage ones, such as paintings on the walls or lamps over dishes.

On the second floor there are bedrooms and guest rooms, which are compact, but each room has its own unique design. For example, the nursery is made in pink colors and filled with bright elements and colors. In the second bedroom, the armchair became the highlight, and in the third - lamps. The bathroom also found a place for an echo of history - wooden cabinets, and they perfectly coexist with a modern bright print on the entire wall.
In all rooms of this house, history and modernity are combined and harmonized, so it takes its rightful place among other design examples on our website.