Planting hibiscus in open ground. Growing garden hibiscus

Garden hibiscus, the care and reproduction of which is quite within the power of everyone, belongs to frost-resistant, ever-flowering and evergreen plants. Its flowers can be both simple and double, while they are very bright and colorful. Hibiscus can bloom in yellow, red, purple, pink or white flowers.

plant varieties

Garden hibiscus can be divided into 3 types:

1. shrub hibiscus With. This variety belongs to slow growing plants with large quantity branches. Shrub hibiscus can bloom throughout the season, the diameter of the flowers is from 5 to 25 cm. If you form several types of shrub hibiscus into 1 trunk, you can get small beautiful trees strewn with flowers.
2. grassy hibiscus With. This species can be described as a large shrub with strong branches and big leaves sticking out in different sides. The flowers of the herbaceous hibiscus reach large sizes - 40 cm in diameter. The bush dies off every autumn, and young shoots appear in early spring.
3. tree hibiscus. Hibiscus tree at proper care can reach 6-7 m in height, while it is covered with an abundant crown and small flowers all season.

All 3 varieties have one characteristic feature - the flower can live only 1 day, but at the same time, the bud, as soon as it fades, is immediately replaced by a new one, and therefore the flowering of the plant seems to be constant.

Hibiscus Care

Caring for this crop is simple, but everything needs to be done regularly - this is the only way to grow a beautiful and neat plant that will delight the owners. Whatever variety the hibiscus belongs to, it is important to remember that the plant loves bright sunlight. At least once a month, it must be fed with nitrogen or phosphorus fertilizers. However, in extreme heat, it is not worth fertilizing the flower, it is best in this case to simply spray it thoroughly with water. Spraying should be carried out only when the sun begins to set, otherwise the plant may simply burn out. Closer to autumn, you should stop feeding the flower with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers and replace them with potash fertilizers.

A plant like hibiscus is very fond of aphids. To prevent its occurrence, it is advisable to plant a bush of lavender near the hibiscus, since its smell repels insects and prevents their appearance. Growing and caring for lavender does not cause any problems.

Hibiscus propagation

How to propagate hibiscus depends on its type. For example, tree hibiscus is propagated by cuttings, seeds, and through grafting. Herbaceous hibiscus, in addition to these methods, can also be propagated by the usual division of the bush. Shrub hibiscus plus everything can be propagated by layering.

Seed propagation is best done between January and March. Before starting work, the seeds should be kept in Epin's solution for 9-11 hours, and then washed with a weak solution of potassium permanganate.

Prepared seeds should be sown in pre-moistened soil, and after completion of work, cover the container with crops with glass or cling film. Optimum temperature for propagation of hibiscus in this way + 20 ... 25ºС. The surface of the soil must be moistened as it dries, while not forgetting to remove the resulting moisture from the glass or film. Seedlings can be transplanted into a separate container only after the young sprouts have individual leaves. In May, grown seedlings can already be transplanted into the garden to a permanent place.

bloom hibiscus grown seed way, starts only on season 3 or 4, while it is worth noting that some decorative properties are lost.

Cuttings are the most common plant propagation method among amateurs and professionals alike. Reproduction can be carried out in 2 ways:

1. Cut the branches of a plant with several buds cut in the summer with a composition intended for the growth of the root system, and immediately plant them in a container with earth. As soon as the cuttings have roots, they should be planted in separate pots and left for the winter, and in the spring they can be planted in a permanent place.
2. Place cuttings with buds cut in summer in water, previously mixed with a solution to stimulate root growth, and leave in it until the first roots appear. Next, you should proceed in exactly the same way as in the previous version.

When propagating hibiscus through cuttings, there is a high probability that it will begin to bloom in the first year after it is transplanted into the ground.

Reproduction of hibiscus by division is not only the most fast way, but also the most faithful to flowering. The division of the bushes must be carried out in early spring, for this you need to completely dig out a three- or four-year-old bush and divide the rhizome into several parts. When dividing a bush, the rule should be observed: for 1 individual plant there is no more than 1 trunk. If the plant is older, then you can leave several trunks per 1 plant. The resulting sections must be immediately sprinkled with ash or crushed coal.

The pits for planting the plant must be prepared in advance, since the flower must be immediately planted in the ground after separation. The first feeding of the plant can be carried out no earlier than 2 or 3 weeks after planting in the ground. This breeding method is good because hibiscus can please its owners with flowers in the first season after planting. It is important to remember that planting should be carried out in the early morning or at sunset, but in no case during the day when the sun is still high.

bush pruning

Shrub pruning plays an important role in hibiscus cultivation, so it is important to know when and how to do it. Some believe that the young shoots of the plant should never be cut off, but this is not so, they must be cut off, since only in this way can the hibiscus be given the correct, nice shape and improve its flowering. Pruning of plants must be carried out annually, it is best to do this in late February or early March. The branches of the plant must be cut at least 1/3 of their main length.

Anti-aging pruning is carried out in the fall, usually if the bush is very thick. During autumn pruning you need to cut off all dry branches, leaving only the most necessary ones, i.e. skeletal. Anti-aging pruning should be carried out regularly, i.e. at least once every 3-4 years - this will help strengthen the plant and make it even more attractive and beautiful.

Hibiscus is considered the king of the tropics, unlike. It grows all over the world, preferring wild tropical, subtropical and warm temperate regions.

Hibiscus has a very diverse genus and consists of approximately 220 species of annuals, herbaceous perennials, shrubs, semi-shrubs and trees. These plants have been bred for several centuries, as has their frequent garden neighbor.

The name "Hibiscus" comes from "hibiskos", the old Greek name for marshmallow. Often, garden hibiscus flowers are large, flat, bright, and funnel-shaped. They consist of five petals and have very beautiful different colors, ranging from white to pink, red, purple or yellow color. The petals of the plant vary in size from 4 to 15 cm wide.

plant varieties

1. 1. Ardens is a type of garden hibiscus. It has beautiful lilac-pink flowers that bloom in early summer. Maintains its shape and does not require pruning. Counts perennial plant(from 3 years). In adulthood, reaches more than 3 meters in height.
   2. blue bird A very popular type of garden hibiscus shrub. It is famous for its rare shade of flowers - clear blue with a red spot in the center. This species is a long-lived shrub and reaches up to 4 meters in height.
   3. Antong Two Lil Kim an unusual variety of plant, which is famous for its bicolor flowers. Miniature shrub, reaching only 30 cm in height. It blooms profusely, the flowers are small with three ruffled petals, each of which is white with a red spot. They bloom within one to three days.

Hibiscus flowers Antong Two Lil Kim pictured

1. pink giant is a fast growing, upright deciduous shrub. The leaves are diamond-shaped, serrated, dark green. The flower is large, pink with a burgundy eye. Blooms in summer and autumn.
2. Russian Violet famous for its long flowering, in contrast to the curly nasturtium, which you can read about in. The buds begin to bloom in August and continue to bloom until the end of September. The flowers are large, dark purple with a red heart. This perennial shrub reaches two meters in height.

reproduction

seeds

Hibiscus flowers form pods that contain the seed. When ripe, the pods open and the seeds fall to the ground, where they germinate easily. In order to plant healthy seeds in the right place, they must first be collected, as with.

Seed collection:

1. The maturity of the pods is determined by their brown color.
2. Before collecting a bush, plants must be overlaid with paper bags or bags. This will prevent the seeds from scattering on the ground after the pods open.
3. Empty the bag periodically.

When buying seeds, you need to pay attention to the description and photo of the plant variety.

On the video - the rules for planting garden hibiscus:

Planting garden hibiscus seeds:

1. Before sowing, it is necessary to do a seed viability test, as with the cultivation of perennial morning glory, about planting and caring for which, read here. To do this, you will need to place 5 to 10 grains in a damp paper towel and seal in a plastic bag.
2. Leave the seeds at room temperature for 5 to 7 days. After a while, remove and check for swelling or root formation. If such signs are present, the seeds are viable.
3. Fill the planting tray with moistened organic mix.
4. Sow the seed at a distance of 0.5 cm from each other, lightly crush the top with soil. Pour abundantly from a watering can.
5. Keep the pot in a warm, sunny place. Don't let the soil dry out. Full germination occurs in two to three weeks.

It is important to note that when propagated by seeds, plants are particularly resistant to weather conditions and other stressful conditions. But at the same time they can lose their varietal qualities.

cuttings

Photo of tree cuttings

One of the types of distribution of garden hibiscus is propagation by cuttings. Often it is held in early summer or late autumn.

• Select a pagon from the top of the bush and cut it obliquely with a pruner. Delete lower leaves from the handle, but leave a few on top. Before planting, put the pagon in the water.
• Fill a one-litre tray with good quality soil and water until dry gaps are completely eliminated. Make a hole in the center of the pot for the cutting to be planted in.
• Pour ½ teaspoon of growth promoter powder into the hole. Lower the cutting into the prepared recess 3-5 cm deep. Sprinkle with earth and press to eliminate air, water.
• Using the frame and film, create a small greenhouse around the cutting. Keep at room temperature in a brightly lit area. However, direct sun rays, as the plant may get burned.
• Root development is observed after 3 weeks, as with. Checking their appearance is very simple - you need to pull on the leaves, if the cutting is rooted, it will firmly turn gray in the soil.

The division of the bush

• Reproduction by dividing the bush is carried out mainly by complex hybrid plants. And it consists in dividing the rhizome, while only large, overgrown shrubs are selected.
• Held in the spring. To do this, the bush is completely dug out and divided into several parts, depending on the number of stems and buds.
• It is allowed to tear the roots with your hands, as well as the use of secateurs.
• After planting, all plants must be fertilized and watered abundantly, as when planting and caring for heather, a photo of which can be viewed here.

This propagation method is convenient in case of maintaining varietal purity.

Choice of location and soil

As for water quality, hibiscus is not very picky and will tolerate even tap water if its pH (acidity) ranges from 5.0 to 7.0.

pruning

Hibiscus tree garden, unlike herbaceous, needs regular pruning.

Pruning helps to stimulate new shoots and also rejuvenates and awakens the plant after winter dormancy.

• Often, hibiscus is pruned a little in late summer and early autumn. At the same time, you should not cut the plant at the end of autumn or in winter, as this can provoke the early formation and death of buds.
• Just before the procedure itself, you should make sure that the secateurs are sharp and clean. It is also desirable to sterilize them with alcohol gels. This will prevent the possibility of infection of the branches of the plant.
• Branches are pruned just above the nodes. Weak, diseased or dead shoots are removed.

Fertilizer

In order to maintain growth, healthy and beautiful colour plants - it must be fed. At the same time, the bush needs a large amount nutrients.

What does a hibiscus need?

• Lots of potassium. It is essential to support garden hibiscus with potassium, especially during flowering periods. It neutralizes various stressful situations to which the plant may be subjected. Helps in photosynthesis and plant.
• Limited in phosphorus. Hibiscus does not tolerate phosphorus very well in high doses. Namely, with prolonged and abundant use of it in fertilizers, the roots of the plant block the flow of phosphorus, and with it other useful minerals and nutrients. As a result, the plant slowly and painfully dies of hunger.
• moderate amount of nitrogen. All living cells use nitrogen, and all plants need a lot of it. Nitrogen is used by plants for the synthesis of proteins, enzymes and other metabolic processes. Too much can "burn" the leaves, turning their edges into dry, dark brown streaks. And the lack - leads to a slowdown in plant growth.

AT summer time It is best to use high-calorie top dressing. Can be watered with diluted liquid fertilizer once a week, slowly released once a month, or adding potassium compost to the soil. In winter, you should completely abandon the bait of the plant.

Pests and their control

Juicy and bright colors make hibiscus attractive to many insects, including pests. They pierce the leaves and suck the juice out of them, sometimes spreading viral infections. They also lay eggs in buds, as a result of which they fall off even before opening.

Signs of a pest:

• • spider mite- affects the leaves, creating unsightly yellow spots on them.
  • thrips- in the affected plant, the buds lose their color and fall off, this is due to the fact that pests lay eggs in the buds.
  • gall midges- the disease leads to yellowing and falling of the kidneys.
  • whiteflies- creates chaotic white spots on the leaves, and is also noted by the presence of white flies. As a result, the plant acquires an unpleasant appearance and gradually dies.

• • Aphid- black, white or green insects on the leaves of the plant.
  • Mealybugs- marked with small, bright white spots on the leaves. Eliminated with the help of special preparations.
  • rocky snow- small, white spots on the bark. It is considered a very dangerous disease and requires long-term treatment.
  • fungal mosquitoes- black small insects that resemble tiny mosquitoes. These mosquitoes lay their eggs and eat the plant itself.

The easiest and most effective way to get rid of fungal mosquitoes is considered washing powder, dishwashing detergent or liquid soap for hands. A small amount of detergent added to plant fertilizer.

• Ants- a large number of small ants that eat the nectar of a flower, and also injure and interfere with its normal growth. Pesticides are used to control ants. They are sprayed around the plant and insects die within 2-3 weeks.

Wintering

To prepare garden hibiscus for winter, you need to take into account and complete several steps:

1. Proper pruning. Garden hibiscus should be pruned for the winter or already directly at the beginning of spring. Thanks to such pruning, the plant will release new pagons in time, without losing strength on the old ones.
2. Watering. Before the onset of cold weather, it is necessary to irrigate the plant once abundantly. But at the same time, in no case should you water during frosts, as there is a high probability of the formation of an ice crust on the roots.
3. Hilling. A couple of days after watering, the bush needs to be spudded.
4. Shelter. In the second half of November, when the temperature reaches below 5 degrees, the plant will need to be insulated for the winter. To do this, you can use the mulching procedure or fill the bush with dry sawdust. At the same time, young bushes will need more strong defense from frost - they can be covered with a film or a bag, pressing something heavy on the sides.

Transfer

The best time to transplant hibiscus, as well as when planting and caring for irises, photos of which you can see in, - after withering of inflorescences. Often this period falls at the end of August or September.

• To transplant, you should dig a bush and carefully move it to a new landing site. In this case, you need to make sure that the root ball is not damaged.
• Place the bush in the hole you dug and cover with earth. Press down to remove air pockets.
• Once transplanted, the hibiscus bush will need plenty of moisture for four to six weeks. So you will have to water every two to three days, provided there is no rain.

Photo of garden hibiscus grown from seeds

The hardy and prolific garden hibiscus does not require much attention and care, but at the same time it always decorates any area with its most beautiful flowers.

All that needs to be done is to get a few extra plants in order to compensate for the barren period of one flower with another. But in any case, this plant is universal. Easy care and extraordinary flowers make it one of the most beautiful shrubs which can be placed in the garden or in the yard. And this article will tell and.

Flower hibiscus (lat. Hibiscus) refers to an extensive genus of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants of the Malvaceae family, numbering about 300 species that grow naturally in the tropics and subtropics of the New and Old Worlds. In temperate climates, only Syrian hibiscus and ternate hibiscus can grow in open ground, as well as the new kind, obtained in the 40-50s of the twentieth century on the basis of North American marsh hibiscus, bright red and armed, hybrid hibiscus, or garden hibiscus. All forms of hybrid hibiscus are frost-resistant. Everyone's favorite Chinese rose, or chinese hibiscus, in our latitudes is grown only as an indoor or greenhouse plant, although the hibiscus rose loves to spend summer vacation outdoors.

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Planting and caring for hibiscus (in a nutshell)

• Landing: spring, in the second half of May.
• Bloom: from the end of June to the beginning of October.
• Lighting: bright sunlight.
• The soil: light, fertile, moisture-permeable - which would suit roses.
• Watering: regular, especially in the heat, but only after the soil has dried. In drought, watering is carried out daily.
• Pruning: and sanitary, and anti-aging, and formative pruning is carried out in early spring, before the start of sap flow.
• Top dressing: from June to September - twice a month with mineral fertilizers with a high content of phosphorus and nitrogen, in autumn potash fertilizers are also added to the complex.
• Reproduction: seeds, cuttings, layering and grafting.
• Pests: thrips, spider mites, aphids, whiteflies.
• Diseases: chlorosis, root rot.

Read more about growing hibiscus below.

Garden hibiscus - description

The garden hibiscus plant can be a tree, shrub, or herbaceous plant. For example, the hibiscus tree in the garden is a Syrian rose, which is grown both as a standard tree and as a shrub up to one and a half meters high. And herbaceous hibiscus is represented by varieties of hybrid hibiscus. Herbaceous forms of the plant can be annuals, although gardeners are much more attracted to perennial hibiscus.

Despite differences in form, All hibiscus have common features. Hibiscus leaves are more or less incised, petiolate. Hibiscus flowers are large, bright, simple or double, extensive colors- white, yellow, crimson, dark red, lilac, blue, violet and purple. There are varieties with a border around the edge of the petals or with an eye in a contrasting color. Hibiscus fruits are five-leaved boxes with seeds. Today, apart from garden species, there are about five hundred forms and varieties of hibiscus.

planting hibiscus

When to plant hibiscus

Before planting, think carefully about where your hibiscus will grow, because the choice of location determines how long the plant will decorate your garden - with the right site and good care Hibiscus grows in one place up to 20 years! Hibiscus seedlings are planted in the spring, when the threat of night frosts has passed, so that they can take root and grow stronger over the summer. Ideal for hibiscus is a bright and wind-protected place with light, fertile, moisture-permeable soil - one that is good for planting roses. You can generally arrange hibiscus among roses, they get along fine.

How to plant hibiscus

If you are planting tree hibiscus, the hole for it should be twice as large as root system seedling. A drainage layer of broken brick about 15 cm thick is placed at the bottom of the pit, then a ten-centimeter layer of sand, a layer of compost 15 cm thick and again a layer of sand of the same thickness. To fill the hole, mix upper layer soil, taken out during the preparation of the pit, with peat and sand in a ratio of 2: 4: 1, carefully place the root ball in the pit so that the root collar is just under the ground, and fill the pit with the prepared mixture. Then spud the seedling so that an extensive recess for moisture forms around it, water the plant in this circle, and when the water is absorbed, pour it into the recess of the earth, leveling the surface of the site. If you have a need to plant hibiscus in the fall, be sure to mulch the tree trunk and tie the plant with spruce branches.

Hibiscus Care

Growing hibiscus

Caring for garden hibiscus is very simple and not laborious. As soon as young green shoots appear on the hibiscus, remove the old dried stems from it. Loosen the soil around the hibiscus regularly, remove weeds, and make sure that the hibiscus bush does not thicken too much. During the active growing season, from June to September, hibiscus needs top dressing with a high content of phosphorus and nitrogen twice a month, and in the fall, when preparing the plant for winter, potash fertilizers are applied in addition to phosphorus. Unfortunately, hibiscus flower lives only a day, but with good care, the plant blooms so profusely that instead of one flower, another immediately opens, so do not forget to remove wilted flowers in time.

watering hibiscus

Hibiscus care includes regular watering of the plant, especially during the hot season, but you need to water the ground under the hibiscus only after it has completely dried. If the dry period drags on, be prepared to water the hibiscus daily.

In the photo: Hibiscus bloom in the garden

pruning hibiscus

Hibiscus pruning is carried out for sanitary purposes, as well as for the sake of giving a tree or bush a certain shape. Many people prefer to grow hibiscus in the form of a tree, but this will take time and patience. In a young, just planted plant, the branches are shortened to the level of two or three buds, without cutting off only a well-developed trunk. In subsequent years, at the end of winter, cut the side shoots to one or two buds, and the stem to 5-6 buds. When the stem reaches the required height, form a tree crown from strong shoots, shortening them by several buds. Remove the undergrowth and lightly trim the top of the trunk.

How to prune hibiscus in order to maintain plant hygiene? Sanitary pruning is carried out in early spring, before the start of sap flow. Old, diseased, underdeveloped shoots growing inside the bush are completely removed, and last year's growth is shortened by a third, which greatly stimulates the laying of new flower buds.

Remember: the stronger the hibiscus is cut, the more young shoots it will give, which means that its flowering will be more abundant.

Rejuvenating haircut an aged bush involves the removal of all old, dead branches and the shortening of the remaining shoots inside the bush by two-thirds. It would be better to cut the branches around the main shoot to different height- this will give the bush a beautiful shape.

In the photo: How hibiscus blooms

Hibiscus transplant

If you have a need to repot the hibiscus, do it in early spring, after cutting the shoots to half length and before flowering begins, in the order already described. How to care for hibiscus after transplanting? Be sure to water the plant abundantly, but otherwise treat it as described in the previous sections, and in a year it will already bloom. If you are repotting a hybrid hibiscus, dividing the hibiscus rhizome can be done at the same time as the transplant.

Reproduction of garden hibiscus

How to propagate hibiscus

As you can see, both planting and caring for hibiscus are within the power of even beginner gardeners. Just as simple is the reproduction of hibiscus, and the care of it after reproduction. Garden hibiscus (Syrian) is propagated by layering, grafting, but most often by cuttings and seeds. Hybrid hibiscus is propagated by dividing the bush, grafting and green cuttings.

Pictured: Orange hibiscus

Hibiscus from seed

Growing hibiscus from seeds begins from January to March. Before sowing, hibiscus seeds are soaked for half an hour in a dark pink solution of potassium permanganate, and then for a day in a small amount of epin solution so that the seeds are barely covered with it. After that, the seeds are sown in containers with a mixture of sand and peat, covered with glass and placed in a warm place where the temperature is kept within 25-27 ºC, it would be nice to arrange a container with bottom heating for sowing.

It is also necessary to regularly ventilate the seed container, remove condensation and moisten the substrate.

When the seedlings develop the first leaves, they are seated in personal pots. Make sure that the seedlings do not stretch: if they lack light, they will have to arrange artificial lighting for seedlings. AT open ground hibiscus seedlings are planted in mid-May. Strong specimens can be planted immediately in a permanent place, while weaker specimens are planted for growing on a training bed at a distance of about half a meter between specimens. Garden hibiscus, unlike hybrid hibiscus, also propagates by self-sowing.

Propagation of hibiscus cuttings

For vegetative propagation in summer, cuttings of hibiscus with two or three internodes are cut, the lower sections of the cuttings are treated with a growth stimulator, then they are planted in greenhouses with a peat substrate and bottom heating is organized. Rooting of hibiscus occurs within a month, after which the cuttings are transplanted into pots with leafy soil, peat, soddy soil and sand in equal parts, watered regularly, and when new shoots grow up, they are pinched to stimulate tillering. As soon as a bush is formed, it is transplanted into open ground, and if there is decent care for it, hibiscus from the cutting will bloom in the first year after planting. Experienced flower growers manage to root hibiscus cuttings not in the ground, but in the water.

In the photo: Large hibiscus flower

Pests and diseases of hibiscus

Harmful insects and diseases of hibiscus

Hibiscus is rarely affected by insects and diseases, but if it suffers from a lack of moisture for a long time during dry times, it can be occupied by thrips, aphids, whiteflies and spider mites. To eliminate pests, you will have to resort to double treatment of the plant with insecticides Actellik, Fitoverm, Inta-vir, Karbofos with an interval of a week or ten days.

Of all the known diseases, chlorosis most often affects hibiscus in the garden - the lower leaves of the hibiscus fall off, and the new ones grow yellowish. This happens due to a lack of nitrogen and iron in the soil, so iron chelate should be added to the water for irrigation, and in the spring, do not forget to add a complex mineral fertilizer containing nitrogen to the soil.

In the photo: Growing hibiscus in open ground

Hibiscus turns yellow

Hibiscus leaves turn yellow from chlorosis, as well as in case of injury to the root system, which the plant could have received during transplantation. If the hibiscus turns yellow due to the roots, then it is necessary to add Zircon or Kornevin to the water for irrigation (see instructions) and for spraying the leaves (three drops per half liter of water). Hibiscus leaves turn yellow and as a result insufficient watering hot dry summer.

Hibiscus not blooming

If you planted a hibiscus in a bright, spacious area and take care of it, as required by agricultural technology, but nevertheless it does not want to bloom, most likely it is a lack of phosphorus and boron. And if the shoots have slowed down their growth, then the problem is also a lack of nitrogen. Do not forget to make the necessary fertilizers for hibiscus on time, and it will definitely bloom.

Hibiscus leaves are falling

If hibiscus leaves fall in the fall, this is a natural process, but if it happens prematurely, then the problem is either due to improper watering(insufficient or excessive), or the root of the plant is injured. For guidance on how to deal with these cases, see the previous sections.

In the photo: Hibiscus in a flower bed

Hibiscus after flowering

Hibiscus in autumn in the garden

hybrid perennial hibiscus almost all are winter-hardy, they can be grown throughout Ukraine, and in Russia - only south of Moscow, but subject to shelter for the winter. The ground part of the hybrid hibiscus dies off in autumn, so it is cut off almost to the surface level and burned, the remains of the bush are watered abundantly, and after that they are highly earthed, and the site, in case of too cold or snowless winter, is mulched with sawdust or dry fallen leaves. Next spring, the powerful rhibiscus hybrid will give new shoots, which will bloom beautiful flowers.

How to winter hibiscus

How does garden hibiscus, or Syrian, winter? In conditions middle lane he needs mandatory shelter, especially if you grow terry varieties plants. Some gardeners living in regions with harsh winters dig up hibiscus, place them in a container or big pot and kept until spring in the basement or in another cool room, and in the spring they are again planted in open ground. If you decide that your hibiscus will winter in the garden, in the second or third decade of November, when the air temperature will be between -5 ºC and -10 ºC, build a frame around the hibiscus, on which you can stretch lutrasil, spanbond or agrotex. If in your area there are no frosts stronger than 15 ºC, your hibiscus will be reliably protected by such structures.

In the photo: Hibiscus bloom

However, the best way to protect hibiscus from frost, and at the same time to avoid their dampening under materials that do not allow air to pass through, is to cover hibiscus bushes with spruce branches that accumulate snow on themselves and prevent the hibiscus from scorching and overheating. The plant is covered with spruce branches in three layers, laying branches like a hut, after tying the hibiscus bush with a rope and putting a sackcloth bag on it. However, rodents often climb into such shelters and eat the bark on the hibiscus in the warmth, dooming the plant to death. In order to prevent mice or rats from killing your plant, lay mousetraps around the hibiscus or place baits under the shelter - wheat poisoned by rodent poison.

Types and varieties of garden hibiscus

Garden hibiscus is represented mainly by varieties of Syrian hibiscus, however, other types of plants, as well as their varieties, are grown in culture.

Syrian hibiscus (Hibiscus syriacus)

Surprisingly, it comes from China, not Syria. In nature, plants of this species reach a height of 5-6 meters and are deciduous shrubs with bright green ovate leaves about 10 cm long and single flowers of different colors. In culture, except for hibiscus with simple flowers, terry hibiscus is grown, and the shape of the plant can be either bush or standard. Of the popular varieties, the most interesting are:

• Diana- shrub up to 2 m high with white flowers wavy along the edge of the petals with a diameter of about 12 cm;
• Vyelith Ilar Double- a very powerful upright bush with double or semi-double flowers of a violet-blue hue with red spots in the middle;
• Pink Giant- bush with single pink flowers with a purple spot at the base of the petals;
• Carneus Plenus- shrub with flexible shoots and double pale-pink flowers with a purple spot in the middle.

In the photo: Syrian hibiscus (Hibiscus syriacus)

Hibiscus trifoliate (Hibiscus trionum)

The species is native to central and North Africa, although today it is widely grown in all areas of irrigated agriculture. The root of this plant is taproot, the stem is straight, branched, up to 80 cm high. The leaves are tripartite, petiolate, alternate, with pubescence. The flowers are yellowish, up to 4 cm in diameter, with a dark red middle.

A feature of the species is that the flowers open in the morning for only a few hours, and close in the afternoon.

The flowering of plants of this species lasts more than a month, because a new bud of hibiscus is formed in the axil of each leaf, and when created optimal conditions for hibiscus trifoliate, new flowers will appear daily.

In the photo: Hibiscus trifoliate (Hibiscus trionum)

Hibiscus hybrid (Hibiscus hybrida)

In addition to these two species, which grow both in the wild and in culture, hybrid hibiscus and its varieties are grown as garden plants. As already mentioned, this hybrid was bred by crossing three North American species - holly (armed), bright red and marsh hibiscus. hybrid hibiscus- herbaceous perennials, which are spectacular and very large flowers. The best varieties:

• Youth- a bush up to one and a half meters high, slightly branched, stems of a light yellow-green hue, from which shoots depart at an angle of 60º. The leaves are also yellow-green, three- or five-cut. Pink flowers with a white bottom and a bowl, up to 10 cm in diameter, have the shape of a tulip;
• Late- a bush of compact shape, about a meter high and of the same diameter, densely leafy with serrated, oval-arrow-shaped leaves with light veins on thick petioles. Flowers, crimson-pink with a lilac tint in the form of narrow bells up to 7 cm in diameter, open on short thick peduncles;

In the photo: Hibiscus hybrid (Hibiscus hybrida)

• Pale pink- a herbaceous shrub up to 170 cm high with short shoots extending at an angle of 60º from the branches, with yellow-green triangular leaves with a serrated edge and tulip-shaped pink flowers up to 12 cm in diameter with a white bottom and a bowl;
• Pink porcelain- bush up to 130 cm, branched stems, yellow-green, leaves deeply incised with a wide, protruding middle lobe, dusty yellow-green hue, on petioles up to 6 cm long. Large bell-shaped light pink flowers with a barely noticeable yellowness and a white throat, up to 12 cm in diameter, sit in bunches on short peduncles.
, Blooming ,

The plant belongs to the mallow family and is represented by a huge variety of species (about 300). The natural habitat is the tropical zone of America, Africa and Asia. In nature, the genus Hibiscus is found in the form of shrubs and trees. Some subspecies are perennial or annual herbs.

Hibiscus classification

In terms of cultivation, two groups are considered:

• houseplants - prominent representative is the Chinese rose;
• garden forms - the most common is the Syrian hibiscus.

In the wild nature of temperate climates, hibiscus are found:

• trifoliate (northern) - herbaceous annual, the leaves of which are used in the pharmaceutical industry for the manufacture of diaphoretics;
• hemp (kenaf) - grown as an agricultural crop for the production of fiber and industrial oils.

Hybrid forms attract with large petals and a variety of colors. Flowers are used to prepare drinks with a pronounced antispasmodic effect. Hibiscus tea has amazing properties - a hot drink increases blood pressure, a cold drink has hypotensive properties.

Garden forms of hibiscus

Within the territory of former USSR In nature, only two types of hibiscus are common:

• Hibiscus syriacus (Syrian) - the southern slope of the Greater Caucasus Range;
• Hibiscus trionum (northern, trifoliate) - Far East RF, Crimea.

Wintering species such as Syrian hibiscus or tree hibiscus are suitable for growing in a garden.

The coat of arms of Korea depicts beautiful flower- This is a hibiscus (mugunhwa), which is a symbol of the state. graceful plant sung in a hymn - in poetic form, the Koreans thank the magic flower for giving the land of rivers and mountains primeval beauty.

Hibiscus arborescens or Syrian

Hibiscus tree blooms for six months or more, but each flower lives only a day (hybrid species - 2-3 days). Withered petals are replaced by new buds. The plant blooms in early July, and renews its flower stalks until mid-autumn.

From a botanical point of view, the Syrian rose is a deciduous shrub. AT temperate climate the middle lane, the height of the bush does not exceed 2 m, although in vivo tree-like forms reach 5 m. Large (up to 10 cm) oval or ovoid leaves have a bright green color. The flowers are located singly, very large, reaching a diameter of up to 27-30 cm. Terry or simple inflorescences cover almost the entire range of shades, they are two- and three-color.

Planting and growing garden forms

Tree hibiscus is propagated by any means - from sowing seeds to direct division of the bush. Starting your acquaintance with the plant, purchase ready-made seedlings from a well-established nursery. This is how you save yourself from negative consequences associated with possible diseases and the presence of pest larvae.

We plant hibiscus by dividing the bush

• choose a bright, draft-free place;
• use well loosened fertile land;
• lay drainage at least 10 cm thick at the bottom of the pit (sand, washed crushed stone, gravel);
• straighten the roots and fill the hole with earth so that the root neck is at the level of the soil.

In order to prevent aphids, plant lavender bushes near the hibiscus.

The plant is moisture-loving, but it can not be flooded. Abundant weekly watering is recommended, and in dry weather - 2-3 times a week.

Growing hibiscus from seed

From seeds you can also grow a full-fledged instance of a tree-like form. asian beauty, but you should be prepared for the fact that this process will take a long time. Seeds are sown in winter - in January-February:

• prepare a bowl with peat-sand soil mixture;
• pre-soak the seeds in any stimulant for a day;
• cover the container with polyethylene or glass.

Seeds are planted to a depth of 0.7-1 cm. The first shoots appear at 2-3 weeks, subject to temperature regime(+25-27°C), regular ventilation and humidification. As soon as the first pair of true leaves appear, transplant the seedlings into separate pots.

In May, transfer the seedlings to the ground. In a warm climate, hibiscus, obtained from seeds, can begin flowering 2-3 years after planting, in a temperate one - 3-4 years.

Reproduction by seeds has its positive and negative sides. A plant grown from seeds has stable reactions to sharp fluctuations in the weather and is immune to diseases. Varietal characteristics are at risk - a new plant most often will not have a complete resemblance to the progenitor.

Hibiscus cuttings

Cuttings are a simple and inexpensive method of propagation. The hibiscus grown by green cuttings fully corresponds to the hybrid form of the donor.

In the spring (during the formation of buds) or at the end of September (when the growth of annual shoots ends), cuttings up to 15-20 cm long are cut.

4-6 buds are left below and the sprout is placed in a mixture of peat and sand (the ratio is equal). Root formation lasts about 3 weeks, then the plant is planted in a pot.

It is better for a young seedling to overwinter the first year in a warm room, especially if it is an autumn cutting. Hibiscus are transplanted to a permanent place in the spring. Over the summer, a new resident of your garden will gain strength and be able to comfortably winter.

How does garden hibiscus winter?

How to warm hibiscus for the winter:

• prune the plant after flowering;
• pour abundantly under the root;
• after a week, spud the bush with light soddy soil with the addition of sand;
• with the onset of the first frost, insulate completely.

We warm the planting of hibiscus before winter

Warming is carried out in several ways:

1. Young plants are bent to the ground, sprinkled with sawdust, leaves or a special covering material. Lay on top polyethylene film, which is pressed to the ground with pegs or stones.
2. Stamp forms remain in a vertical position. A wooden or wire frame is installed around the tree and wrapped with a covering material. Lapnik or straw is tied over the shelter.

In winter, rodents like to climb into such warm houses. To prevent damage to the plant, lay the ears of crops soaked in poison inside the hut, or arrange mousetraps.

Galina Yurchenko, expert

During the winter, keep an eye on temperature fluctuations - during the early spring thaws, hibiscus must be aired.

Resuscitation of hibiscus in spring

The plant is hard to come out after wintering, but there is one secret that will help you quickly bring it back to life:

• in the first warm days, remove the insulation from the hibiscus and cover the flower with a light greenhouse;
• in the middle of the day, air the bush for 15 minutes at intervals of 1-2 hours;
• remove the film gradually, as the shoots grow.

In two or three weeks, your Hawaiian beauty will gain strength and thank you with lush flowering.

Pruning and shaping hibiscus

There is a point of view according to which it is not recommended to prune hibiscus in the first years after planting. This is not true, because flowers appear only on young shoots. The more often the old branches are removed, the more the bush gives to the young shoots. To enhance flowering, regular annual pruning is performed before the start of sap flow.

Decorative pruning is carried out in order to form a bush. In the photo, the hibiscus flower looks like a small multi-colored tree. The procedure for forming a stem-pigtail:

• plant three varieties of plants in one pot;
• when the seedlings take root, twist the shoots with a pigtail;
• secure the weave with a bandage or fabric strips in several places;
• continue weaving to the desired height.

Hibiscus Syrian tree is widely used in the design of personal plots. Shrubs are planted in tapeworms or groups, next to bright annuals or against the backdrop of an emerald lawn.

And where do you grow an oriental miracle? Share your observations with readers and surprise your neighbors by learning new secrets with us.

Tropical plants have gained unusually wide popularity in areas with temperate climatic conditions. Growing hibiscus, for example, is a process no different special difficulties. It is enough to remember the basic techniques regarding the care of a shrub flower, and to know about the main features of the species itself. What is a garden hibiscus plant, how to grow it on own site how to propagate hibiscus? Read about it below.

perennial shrub hibiscus is primarily distinguished by the presence of large flowers, the diameter of which can be about 12 cm. The buds have a variety of shades, but among the most common are white, red and purple. Interestingly, the street shrub begins 3-4 years after planting it in the ground, as it grows garden decoration pretty slow.

There is one more nuance regarding the peculiarities of hibiscus flowering: its buds bloom literally one day. During this period of time, he manages to open up, and in the evening falls off. The next day, a fresh bud takes its place. If the cultivation and care of the shrub is ensured correctly so that it blooms already in early June, then the flowering phase will come to an end no earlier than September.

As a rule, flower growers prefer bush hibiscus if they want to decorate their site with a lush flowering plant. And all because this plant reaches a height of about 3 m, and a width of 1.5 m. To achieve such parameters, it is necessary to master the basic points for caring for a flower, to study the pruning technology. Implementing it correctly, you can make your garden bush much more branched and lush, as well as stimulate its growth.

Species and varieties

Breeding hibiscus is not too burdensome. With proper care, the shrub will decorate even a shady area in the garden. However, you need to choose based on the climatic features in your area. If we are talking about a temperate climate (for example, in Belarus), it is best to give preference to the following types of trees:

• trifoliate;
• Syrian;
• marsh;
• herbaceous;
• garden.

Interestingly, beginners can confuse the shrub with another variety - garden. That is why the first instance is often called a tree. Its flowers are simple or double. Initially, their shade was either white or purple, but now varieties tree hibiscus much more, and the palette of shades replenished with pink, red and blue.

What is good about swamp hibiscus is its frost resistance. In open ground, it can be planted safely, because it tolerates temperatures down to -30 ° C. Among the types of hibiscus, there is also a herbaceous plant. Its flowers are quite large, and the bush reaches a height of about 3 m. This category includes many hybrid hibiscus (at least 1 thousand varieties were bred by breeders). As for the trifoliate species, it is classified as a medicinal annual plant. Its flowers are light yellow, and they open only in the morning for several hours.

Optimal environment for this plant– a well-lit and wind-sheltered area with easy fertile soil that lets moisture through. The characteristics of the soil should be similar to the substrate in which you usually plant roses. garden plant recommended to plant in the spring. Wait for the end of the night frosts and then boldly plant the hibiscus. In this case, by the onset of autumn, the shrub will get stronger and will be completely ready for the upcoming wintering.

In order for landing and care to be carried out correctly, try to follow all the recommendations of specialists. For example, if you decide to plant a tree plant on the site, the hole dug for the seedling should be twice as large as the rhizome of the flower.

Make sure you have drainage. To do this, you can take a broken brick. Then add a small layer of sand, compost and sand again (each layer should be about 10-15 cm thick). The very same land is recommended to be mixed with peat and sand. In this composition, you will plant hibiscus. At the end of the planting, be sure to spud the plant: it will need to be watered often and abundantly, and this procedure will allow the water to go directly under the root of the flower.

It is not difficult to plant a garden hibiscus and ensure cultivation according to the basic recommendations. And in return you get beautiful flowering plant which will certainly decorate any corner.

Cultivation and care

AT summer period When the temperature is quite high and the soil dries out too quickly, you can water the hibiscus daily. Spraying is a good option for a garden specimen. Its leaves must be cleaned of dust. Thus, the flower will be saturated with sufficient moisture, and you will prevent the invasion of the spider mite.

pruning

Exercise for garden hibiscus complete care and reproduction is possible without much difficulty. It is also very important to be able to carry out competent pruning of hibiscus. Since flower buds appear only on young shoots, shaping pruning is recommended annually. It is advisable to start pruning as early as February, when the sap flow process has not yet begun.

When the shrub grows well, do not forget to take up rejuvenating pruning at least once every three years - remove old and dry branches., You can replant the bush. It is advisable to start this procedure in early spring, when the flower is still dormant. The technology of transplantation is no different from the process of planting young seedlings.

reproduction

Propagation of garden hibiscus is carried out both by cuttings and seeds. Knowing how to reproduce herbaceous shrub, you can grow several of these specimens on the site. It is best to propagate hibiscus by cuttings - using this method, you will quickly get a rooted plant. Seedlings obtained after cuttings are rooted in the ground or in water. In general, hibiscus reproduces without the use of complex agricultural techniques.

Disease and pest control

To preserve a herbaceous plant for many years, you need to know how to feed it in spring and winter, as well as how to prevent pest invasion. Most often, hibiscus is threatened spider mite. You can get rid of it by processing the flower special preparations, most importantly, notice the first signs in time (yellow dots on the leaves and cobwebs).

As for common ailments, these primarily include chlorosis. It manifests itself due to a lack of fertilizers, especially iron. That is why do not neglect top dressing herbaceous plant. Shrubs should also be fed in order to avoid the occurrence of fungal diseases. Let the flowering of the grown hibiscus be bright and long-lasting.

Video "Garden Hibiscus Care"

From this video you will learn how to properly care for garden hibiscus.