What indoor flowers love coolness. Names and photos of indoor shade-loving plants

Indoor plants decorate the house and make the life of a modern city dweller happier. And though not always city ​​apartment sunny and spacious. There are many - large and compact, bright and modest shade-loving, decorative foliage and flowering - that can decorate any home, even a dark hallway. For example, here are those do not need bright lighting.

In urban dwellings, there is often a shortage of well-lit, sunny places. Therefore, shade-loving ones are especially valued. Sciophytes - "shade plants" - this is the name of representatives of the flora who prefer shaded places. They are also known as heliophobes - afraid of the sun.

Bright light if not harmful, then definitely not useful. The ancestral home is the gloomy deciduous forests of the most different parts Sveta. Under their canopy, the leaves acquire an exotic color, only here flowering is possible.

Many shade-tolerant inhabitants of the lower tiers of tropical and subtropical forests settled in city apartments. And now the best place for them were the northern and western home window sills, the shaded corners of the rooms, where only diffused light falls.

Among them are those who do not bloom or have very modest inflorescences, but have extremely decorative leaves of various colours. Others have colorful flowers.

Some of the shade-loving ones are luxurious and large, many are graceful and airy, unpretentious plants. Each needs proper placement and special reverent, loving care.

blooming

A small part of shade-loving plants can boast luxurious flowers. However, spectacular views are also known among them that can make up an exquisite collection.

Anthurium - a flower that prefers shade

For this well-being exotic plant partial shade is needed from spring to autumn and diffused light in the cold season. Blooms from mid-spring to late summer. The inflorescence-cob is framed by a bright "wax" coverlet.

Requires regular, but not excessive watering, air humidification, compliance with the temperature regime (a constant temperature of about 15 degrees).

Clivia

Good lighting is needed, but indirect sunlight. Annual flowering will provide winter holidays, during which the flower must be moved to a cool room (with a temperature below 12 degrees), reduce watering and stop feeding. The rest of his time do not move, replant, re-moisturize.

Occasionally, you need to wipe the leaves with a damp soft cloth.

Bell-shaped red, yellow or orange flowers, collected in an inflorescence on a high peduncle, look bright and very impressive.

A bright representative of the "atmospheric" bromeliads. A 70 cm inflorescence with bright bracts makes it memorable. Luxurious flowering requires a stable temperature in the range of 19-28 degrees, and constant moistening of the outlet.

Sempolia or Usambar violet

This flower, although it needs enough light, does not tolerate direct sunlight: burn spots appear on the leaves, their color turns pale, there is no flowering. The best option placement - light penumbra, diffused light.

decorative leafy

The main advantage of decorative leafy plants - spectacular coloration of their leaves. The flowers may be small and inconspicuous.

This plant of "strict lines" is called by amateur flower growers "Teschin's tongue" and "pike tail". Numerous varieties have been bred various combinations flowers in the color of leathery leaves.

In partial shade, the contrast of color spots becomes brighter.. AT favorable conditions blooms, throwing out long "candles" of white and yellowish inflorescences.

Ferns - love dark places

Among the many types, you can choose for both home and office, large-sized or compact types. For example, broad-leaved Asplenium or delicate thin-leaved Adiantum (Venus hair).

All of them prefers shade or partial shade, moist air and soil.

Fat woman (money tree)

It does not tolerate shade well, but feels comfortable in dim lighting. Abundant watering is not required.

Compact ampelous and dwarf species need partial shade, they bright light is contraindicated. Moderate watering, air humidification, temperature above 12 degrees are necessary.

It takes root well in a bright room, but at some distance from the window. Required frequent spraying leaves and maintaining a temperature of 12 to 20 degrees. Compact and large species have been bred.

Palm trees and large trees for the home, growing in partial shade

Such plants will become an ornament spacious room, office or winter garden.

Dracaena

A tree-like plant with contrasting coloration of narrow long leaves. Depending on grows from 70 cm to 3 m in height. To preserve the decorative sufficient, but not bright lighting, moderate moisture.

Cordilina

Height from 0.5 to 2 meters. Often grown in tubs. It differs not only in a variety of colors, but also in the shape of the leaves: they are very narrow long, lanceolate, wide rounded. Cordilina is often confused with dracaena.

Cannot stand bright light at all. Loves " water procedures» - rubbing and polishing the leaves, spraying, plentiful watering in summer and moderate in winter.

Under this name they unite different kinds, which have one feature: a single growth point at the top of the stem. Most palms grown in room culture love penumbra, plentiful watering in summer and less intense in winter, humid air.

All do not tolerate drafts and transplants.

curly shade tolerant

For decorating walls, creating three-dimensional compositions, use climbing plants and vines.

Does not tolerate direct sun rays and heavy shade. Best Accommodation – in bright but diffused light or in partial shade. Humidification is weak in winter, frequent and plentiful in summer.

Exists great amount species of this ampelous plant with a variety of leaf colors. To preserve the decorative penumbra is needed or indirect bright lighting.

A great option for decorating large areas. The scope of fantasy gives a variety of varieties - the leaves can be large leathery and small tender, whole and dissected. It grows quickly, becomes attractive and decorates the room.

Features of shade-loving colors

All shade-loving plants are characterized by properties that distinguish them from others:

• the most pronounced decorative qualities are manifested, if the flower is in the shade or penumbra most days;
• under intense illumination, development is inhibited, growth slows down, leaf color fades, flowering may not occur; with direct sunlight the plant can get burned;
• need sufficient soil and air moisture;
• it is necessary to observe the temperature regime;
• usually shade-loving do not tolerate frequent transplants.

Shade-loving plants are beautiful in their diversity. From them you can make exquisite, bright, stylish, light or respectable compositions that will become the main decoration of any room.

Every house has indoor flowers, which not only decorate it, but also delight with their presence. By choosing the right flowers, you can create a blooming island on your windowsill on all year round . Long-flowering unpretentious plants give joy, good mood and benefit by purifying the air.

When growing flowers at home of course I want to care for them was minimal, and flowering lasted as long as possible. There are many such plants and you can stop your choice by purchasing Clivia, Decembrist, Indoor gerbera or , Saintpaulia, etc.

Decembrist

When choosing a plant, you need to pay attention to the requirements for growing conditions, because the duration of flowering and the appearance of the flower will depend on this.

Top 10 Blooming Houseplants

Abutilon (Indoor maple)

It blooms from spring to autumn, and as the daylight hours decrease, the number of peduncles decreases and the plant enters a dormant phase. But if you make additional illumination with lamps daylight, ensure top dressing and watering flowering does not stop. The leaves are similar to maple leaves, hence the second name. Abutilon flowers look like lanterns of different colors.

It is unpretentious in care, it needs a lot of bright light, regular watering, a temperature limit of 18-25 ºС. The plant is fast growing, its height reaches 1.5 m. In the spring, the shoots of abutilon should be cut to 1/3 of the length. To stimulate flowering, top dressing should include potassium nitrate and superphosphate.

Anthurium is a plant with large glossy leaves and heart-shaped flowers.

Needs constantly moist soil, can grow even in the shade, but blooms better and develops on southern and western windowsills. For abundant flowering winter temperature should not be lower than +15°C, summer +25°C.

He likes spraying, but only settled for at least two days, and preferably with purified water.

Top dressing is desirable organic fertilizers(Gumat, "Ideal", "Darina"), because the plant is sensitive to an excess of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and mineral salts.

Balsam blooms almost all year round. It is photophilous, but it is necessary to exclude hit on it of direct sunshine. In autumn and winter, with a lack of sunlight, it continues to bloom beautifully under artificial lighting. He loves moisture very much, both in the soil and spraying on the leaves, especially on hot days. Growing temperature +15÷ +25°C. does not like crowding, so the neighbors must be at a distance from him, otherwise he will drop the foliage.

Reproduces well apical cuttings. At 3-4 years of age, it requires transplantation and rejuvenation, older plants bloom worse.

Begonia

- a heat-loving flower that loves moisture, but not spraying on the foliage. To maintain the humidity of the air between the flower pots, you need to put containers with water. At air temperatures below + 16 ° C, begonia will not bloom. He loves bright, diffused light, in the bright sun the leaves burn out, the flowers fade, the begonia loses its decorative effect. Top dressing to stimulate flowering should be given to begonias every 2 weeks, alternating organomineral with mineral fertilizers for flowering plants.

For shaping the splendor of the begonia bush and education more side shoots periodically need to cut off the tops of the shoots, using them for reproduction.

Begonias great variety: there are bush, they are also ever-flowering, tuberous, terry, ampelous.

Classic window sills since the time of our grandmothers. unpretentious, photophilous plant loving abundant but occasional watering. Temperature regime cultivation +8÷+25°C. Geranium loves a lot of air, so in summer it should be put on balconies or in the garden. Growing pots do not have to be large; to get a lush flower bush, you need to plant three seedlings in one pot.

Pelargonium royal

It differs from geraniums in having larger flowers and a smaller, almost non-existent leaf scent. Care is the same as for geraniums.

For more abundant flowering and making the bush compact in spring, the pelargonium must be cut, leaving 3-4 internodes.

Hibiscus (Chinese rose)

Hibiscus - evergreen flowering shrub. The life span of one flower is a day, in hybrid, terry forms up to 3 days.

Demanding to sunlight, abundant watering and top dressing. In the summer you need to spray daily. At insufficient watering drops buds and flowers. Hibiscus need to be transplanted annually; adult plants are removed upper layer soil and pour a new one.

Hibiscus can be grown as a tree or as a bush depending on how you cut it. Flower height can reach 1.5-2 m.

Hibiscus responds very well to regular feeding every 2-3 weeks.

Koleriya

An unpretentious plant that prefers light partial shade and moderate watering. Loves high humidity air, but absolutely does not tolerate leaf spraying. Pots with Koleria should be placed on expanded clay trays filled with water.

The temperature during flowering should be +23÷+26°C. In winter at the level +16°C. Once a month, Koleria needs to be fed with liquid fertilizers for orchids.

Pachistachis is a plant without any special claims. The main thing is abundant watering, high humidity, regular pruning. Optimum temperature+20÷+26°C. When the temperature rises, it stretches and exposes the shoots, when it drops, it sheds foliage.

The light is needed diffused, loves Fresh air but not drafts. Loves spraying leaves.

Pachistachis needs to be cut off and pinched off the tops as the shoots grow so that it bushes and does not stretch.

An evergreen subshrub that blooms all year round. The lifespan of a flower is one day.

Prefers bright diffused light, from direct sunlight it is necessary to shade. Winter growing temperature +20 °C, summer + 24°C. Water abundantly as the soil dries. needs high humidity, so flower pots are placed in pallets with wet expanded clay or sphagnum moss.

Ruellia is very sensitive to drafts and dry air, which can cause leaf fall.

You can form a plant with a bush or liana.

When choosing flowering plants for landscaping a home or office, you need to understand that, although small, they will have a break between flowering waves. The flower during this period rests and gains strength. Pay even unpretentious colors a little attention and in return they will give you a lush and long flowering.

Many people love to decorate a room with flowers. But dark room it is not always easy: you need to find such plants so that they fit the conditions in which you are going to place them. In this case, only the most undemanding to lighting, collected in this article, will do.

Adiantum belongs to the genus Adiantum and is a perennial. There are over 200 different types, which are part of the Pterisaceae family. In the wild, they are most often found in Western Europe, North America, as well as in the Crimean mountains.

Did you know?The name of the fern was due to its water-repellent properties. Translated from Greek, it means "not to get wet."

A plant native to tropical moist forests. Accordingly, it loves moisture. It must be provided in sufficient quantities: in summer - every time the earth has dried up by 1.5 cm. In winter, it is not necessary to water, the plant falls into a kind of hibernation. At this time, placed in.
Propagation occurs by seeds, cuttings or leaves. You can take any part of the leaf: the plant will still recover.

Did you know? Begonia was named after one of the governors of Haiti - M. Begon.

Great for home or office decoration, as it is ever-blooming. Depending on the species, the leaves and flowers come in different shades, with or without patterns. You can also choose one of the varieties of begonia, given its dimensions. Some species reach only 3 cm, others do not even fit on the desktop.
The flowering period lasts most of the year, while the plant is abundantly covered with bright buds. Begonias can get significant leaf burns if exposed to hot sun. The air temperature should be approximately 20 degrees. You should also fertilize regularly.

belongs to the Aroid family. In the wild, they are found in the tropical and subtropical forests of America. translated from ancient Greek means "flower" and "tail". Plant, so with it stands handle with care.
Loved for its flowers: a white or yellow cob envelops a bright red, white or pink petal, which also has a glossy finish. In fact, the anthurium flower is a yellow cob (it consists of small flowers), and the large petal that attracts attention is just a bract.
It is necessary to attract the attention of pollinating insects, it also contains additional nutrients. Water the plant at moderate intervals, while spraying the sheets. Regular, but not frequent (1 time per month) top dressing is necessary. Humidity is high, the temperature should be about 20 degrees.

evergreen perennial under the name belongs to the Aroid family. It is actively used as indoor plants, as it adapts perfectly to home conditions. In nature, it is most often found in America.
On thin legs of bright green color contains long narrow leaves. Attractive rise from above

Beautiful, well-groomed green plants decorate the house, saturate the air with phytoncides, absorb harmful substances and create an atmosphere of comfort. But in order for the potted flowers bought in the store to grow and develop safely in your apartment, you need to take care of them.

Some naughty green creatures need to be sprayed with mist 3-4 times a day, others need shading from the bright sun at noon and backlighting in the evening. Working outside the home, often going on vacation or on business trips, people cannot provide normal care for such plants.

So what, do without greenery at all? No, you just need to choose the most unpretentious plants for landscaping your home. houseplants. Those that can withstand 1-2 weeks without watering, grow well in the dry air of a heated apartment, feel fine both in the heat and in the cold draft, do not require frequent top dressing and transplants.

1. It is probably difficult to find a more unpretentious indoor plant than (mother-in-law's tongue, pike tail). It grows well both in a south window and in a semi-dark corner, but on a sunny window the leaves will be brighter. You can transplant it every few years, when it does not fit in a pot. It is not necessary to feed.

Sansevieria does not suffer from the dry air of the apartment in winter, it is not necessary to spray it. It is rarely necessary to water - a supply of moisture is retained in dense leathery leaves, in winter it can not be watered at all - growth will stop, until spring it will rest. Cold drafts of sansevieria are not terrible, it often decorates cold foyers and halls.

2. Another extremely durable ampelous plant- carnose or " wax ivy". It grows beautifully on the south window, it will not disappear in the north room either. In its thick wax leaves moisture accumulates, it may well survive several months without watering. If you managed to completely dry the hoya and she lost all the leaves and roots, cut off the stem from the stem and put it in water - in a couple of weeks the plant will give roots again. Wax ivy is transplanted very rarely, when there is absolutely no space in the pot. You can also do without top dressing. And when good conditions content unpretentious hoya will delight with abundant and lush flowering.

3. Houseplant, better known as fat woman or "money tree". It rarely needs to be watered - the fleshy leaves retain a lot of moisture. The dry air of the apartment does not harm the fat woman. She practically does not need top dressing and transplantation. The money tree can grow on the south window and on the north. It can be kept in a cool room at temperatures up to 10 degrees in winter.

You only need to follow two simple rules caring for money tree: the pot is small so that the soil has time to dry out between waterings, and in land mixture add more sand, perlite or vermiculite. It propagates easily - just stick a leaf in the ground or in water.

4. Graceful green or white-green narrow leaves seem tender and brittle. But this plant is one of the most undemanding and easy to care for. His underground part has thickenings that accumulate water and nutrients. Chlorophytum is not afraid of drought and excess moisture, heat and cold drafts, it can grow in the sun and in the shade. It can live in the same pot for many years (it is better, of course, to transplant on time, but it will not disappear even without transplanting and top dressing). Chlorophytum is considered one of the best absorbers harmful substances from the air. Perhaps that is why the plant is able to survive without proper care, because it can receive and process the substances it needs from the air.

5. also does not require special care. This plant in England is called "cast iron plant" for its ability to withstand heat and cold, lack of light and moisture. Its other name is "friendly family" because of a large number leaves on long petioles growing from a small pot.

This houseplant is ideal for northern rooms, for decorating rooms with a lack of daylight, for landscaping offices with artificial lighting.

Aspidistra grows normally in dry and humid air, is not afraid of drafts or heat, does not suffer from either excess moisture or its lack. It rarely needs to be transplanted, when the rhizome begins to occupy almost the entire pot.

6. Exotic does not need special care either. It tolerates poor lighting and interruptions in watering the soil. Zamiakulkas does not suffer from the bright sun, does not require frequent transplants and top dressing, grows well in a small pot.

If not watered for a long time, it will shed all the leaf blades, lose its decorative effect, but new complex leaves will quickly grow from the tuber (thickened stem under the soil surface) after watering.

The only requirement is that the soil should not be too nutritious and dense. It is better to mix ready-made soil for violets or cacti with sand.

7. An ideal plant for people who often leave their home for 1-2 weeks -. This desert dweller with a bottle-shaped trunk looks original in any interior, it requires very little care and attention. And for the formation of a caudex (thickening on the trunk), it needs to be watered rarely, but plentifully, so that it is saturated with water for the period of "drought".

The only requirement is to properly plant a bokarney: the soil must be loose, low-nutrient, the pot is small. After good watering all excess moisture should flow out of the pot. In wet soil, this plant will rot.

8. golden - unpretentious ampelous plant with heart-shaped or rounded leaves of bright green color with yellowish-white spots. The plant can reach one and a half meters in length, it is used for vertical gardening.

Scindapsus is quite shade-tolerant, it can grow in the depths of the room, where the sun only occasionally hits, or even completely dispense with artificial lighting. True, the leaves in the shade lose light spots, become completely green.

Plant care is minimal. Scindapsus effectively cleans the air of harmful substances. Feels very good in the kitchen, where constant changes in temperature and humidity. Its dense leaves and stems retain moisture well. It grows quickly, so it is advisable to fertilize periodically.

9. Some species have long been known as a medicinal houseplant that does not require any care. Recently, many beautifully flowering Kalanchoe hybrids have appeared. You can rarely water the plant, its dense succulent leaves and stems contain a lot of moisture. Grows well on windows of any orientation.

Kalanchoe is a shade-tolerant flower, tolerates sudden changes in temperature without problems, blooms for a long time. It grows quite slowly, does not need frequent transplants.

10. - an unpretentious plant that blooms throughout the year. In summer it grows well on the western, eastern and northern windows, in winter it is better to rearrange it to the south. The lack of moisture tolerates well. With strong overdrying, the leaves droop, but after watering they come to life again. Does not require frequent changes. Fertilizers are useful, but without them it will not be lost.

For spathiphyllum, it is important to choose the right place - he does not like the cold. Put it away from drafts and windows that open in winter to ventilate, and there will be no problems with the plant.

There are quite a few such unpretentious indoor plants in the care, it is easy to choose an ampelous or beautifully flowering, large or miniature. Minimal care does not mean at all that a flower can be left for six months in a corner without watering. Each indoor plant requires attention, responds to care with new shoots, the appearance of buds.

Non-capricious, easy-to-maintain home flowers are great for beginner flower growers.

There are many beautiful houseplants, for all tastes and requests, and from time to time one or another becomes very popular. But it is not a fact that these plants can be successfully grown in your conditions. It is better to choose the most unpretentious plants, they will not let you down! These are such plants, the presence of dust, and also put up with shading, care for them is minimal. At the same time, unpretentious plants are very beautiful, among them there are many flowering plants and plants with decorative foliage.

Well, the choice is very large:

Chlorophytum comosum

1. Chlorophytum crested (sedge)

This is the first number in our hit parade of the most unpretentious plants. That's who is really able to grow almost without our "participation"! Chlorophytum perfectly tolerates dry air and high room temperature. It is not very picky about lighting - it loses its decorative effect only very much in dark place. Often it is not necessary to water it, and chlorophytum is practically not affected by diseases. Requiring no special care, it amazing plant day and night cleans the atmosphere of the apartment from harmful impurities and electromagnetic radiation. Its curved leaves form a beautiful wide rosette, and from time to time, daughter rosettes grow on long peduncles that can be rooted.

2. Abutilon (indoor maple)

An unpretentious plant and at the same time a beautiful dominant in the interior. Abutilon blooms spectacularly: it large flowers are bell-shaped. Its leaves are similar to maple, and the flowers are very catchy. They are various colors: white, pink, yellow, red. Abutilon tolerates dryness and heat in the apartment, and you can put a pot with this plant both on the windowsill and at some distance from it. You need to water a little - otherwise it will not bloom. Abutilon is rarely fertilized - once every three weeks with liquid fertilizer for indoor flowers. Abutilon creates a favorable climate in the room: it purifies and humidifies the air. However, this unpretentious plant space is required, so it is better to place it in a large room.

Hibiscus

3. Hibiscus (Chinese rose)

The plant is a sprawling bush with huge bowl flowers, most often red, with a long pistil. However, the plant has many varieties, there are both white and pink flowers, and even - speckled! Hibiscus blooms all year round and loves just the same temperature and humidity that happens in our apartments in winter. But he needs light - therefore, his place is on the windowsill. You need to water often and regularly feed, especially in winter, so that the buds do not fall off.

4. Fuchsia

Previously, this flower was called "touchy", because at the slightest touch, its seeds "shoot" far around the plant. Appearance- a compact bush that blooms with red or pink flowers. Moreover, the older the plant, the more abundant it blooms. There are varieties with variegated leaves. Balsam is very easy to care for. This flower prefers partial shade, tolerates dry air, its only requirement is abundant watering. Also, balsam loves periodic spraying, only in this case you need to avoid getting water on open flowers. In severe frosts, when the air in the apartment is especially dry, a whitefly attack on the plant is possible.

6. Begonia

beautiful flowering plant as if specially created for shaded places in the apartment. But the begonia does not like the bright light. There are many varieties of begonias, which not only bloom profusely, but also have spectacular variegated leaves. Begonias tolerate both heat and coolness equally well; they are also undemanding to the ground. Pests, as a rule, do not attack begonias. But they need high air humidity, but it is undesirable to spray at the same time: the leaves do not tolerate contact with water. Therefore, it is better to use a humidifier or put a tray with wet pebbles on the battery. Begonia roots should not dry out - the plant needs regular watering. For the summer, begonias can be transplanted into a flower garden in the garden.

7. Japanese fatsia

Even if it seems that you have completely unsuitable conditions for indoor flowers, feel free to plant Japanese fatsia . It is a shade-tolerant plant, resistant to diseases and pests, with beautiful large leaves, similar to chestnut leaves. And even near the batteries central heating she feels fine. At the same time, it well increases the humidity of the air, contributes to good sleep, heals the heart and lungs. Fatsia is an energy "donor", so we will feel a surge of strength after spending some time in the room where she grows.

They are also unpretentious, the only thing they still require good lighting. But it is possible to place them closer to the window - a great option. I would especially like to highlight the Hovea Forster palm, the Canarian date and the graceful Hamedorea (mountain palm). They will fill and "enliven" any boring corner of the room, their graceful feathery leaves give lightness, airiness, ease to the atmosphere. They freshen the air and, like ficuses, “nourish” energetically. They can be placed in "ethnic" containers, decorate the soil near the trunk with stones, shells, etc. In general, any interior experiments are appropriate with palm trees.

13. Spathiphyllum

A modest and elegant spathiphyllum periodically blooms without any tricks on our part. Outwardly, it is very similar to the white calla. The flower is shade-tolerant, does not require special care, only it does not like excessive waterlogging of the soil - the roots can rot. The plant perfectly moisturizes the air.

14. Aloe tree (the so-called "agave")

This plant is a succulent and absolutely undemanding to growing conditions. The only thing that is important for aloe is light, so you should not place it far from the window. Watering in summer should be as the soil dries up, and in winter - once a month. Aloe - medicinal plant, and therefore it is worth having at least one copy.

15. Sansevieria (or "pike tail", or "mother-in-law's tongue")

This plant, as they say, is indestructible. There are no problems with watering, or with the choice of soil, or with top dressing, or with dust - the plant belongs to succulents. Again, a champion in air purification and neutralization of computer radiation. His spectacular "swords" are of one color, and striped, and motley. Sansevieria is especially good "solo": about 8-10 plants in an appropriate container and a substrate decorated with pebbles or pebbles - that's something!

Callisia fragrans

16. Fragrant callisia

It is also called "golden mustache" or "room ginseng". This is an ornamental leafy plant that looks like young corn in appearance. In addition to elongated leaves, callisia forms long shoots with articulations similar to joints. When 9 or more "joints" grow on one shoot, they acquire purple hue and become curative. Such shoots can be cut and used for tinctures and decoctions. By the way, these shoots are especially good just for the treatment of joint diseases. Isn't that why such a figurative coincidence? Callisia grows under any conditions, even in the immediate vicinity of central heating radiators, and propagates very easily by rooting the cut top. Sometimes, however, you need to wipe its leaves from dust.