Viola are perennial flowers. How to grow viola from seeds

Low-rise viola will decorate any interior. It can be grown in boxes on balconies, flower pots, hanging pots, flowerpots. In summer cottages pansies decorate a flower bed, create a bright border along the paths. A few bushes will revive the boring patches of empty land. Breeders have bred many varieties of this plant - a wide variety of shades. Considering that the petals of each flower have a different color, then using only pansies, you can create the most fantastic ornaments in the flower garden. Growing these flowers from seeds will not take much time and effort, they are unpretentious and hardy.

When is the best time to sow seeds?

Each grower finds his favorite methods of cultivating ornamental plants. Growing viola from seeds can be done in three ways.

1. Planting seeds in open ground at the beginning of autumn. By winter, the grains will sprout, take root, the seedlings will overwinter under the snow and bloom in early spring.
2. Planting seeds in open ground in May. The first year of flowers will have to wait for a long time, they will bloom only by autumn. But next spring the plants will bloom again.
3. Growing seedlings at home. The method is good because no severe frosts and winters without snow will destroy the plants. Pansies bloom early and will adorn the flower bed all summer. The remaining seedlings can be used for planting in boxes on the balcony and hanging planters.

The first option often happens spontaneously. After flowering, seeds are formed that fall to the ground, germinate, and bloom in spring. Unpretentious varieties that do not require special care, can grow like this for years, renewing themselves from crumbling seeds, your task is only to feed and thin out the pansies. Use this method on empty patches of land, and effortlessly, you will have green islands blooming all summer long.

To get early seedlings, start sowing seeds at the end of February. Purchase a special soil or other loose soil that retains moisture well. Viola will love growing in. If you want to cook the ground yourself, mix equal parts garden land, humus and peat. Do not forget to spill the soil with a disinfectant so that no pathogenic fungi and bacteria remain in it.

For sprouts to hatch faster, hold the seed in a growth promoter. Moisten the soil and place the seeds on the surface with a distance of 1-2 cm between the grains. The tighter the seedlings grow, the earlier you will have to make a dive. You can sprinkle the sowing with a layer of soil about 0.5 cm, or you can leave it on the surface so that the sprouts do not have to break through the soil. In the second case, cover the container with an opaque material or put it in dark place because light interferes with the growth of seedlings. Cover the container with plastic wrap and keep at 20-25⁰. Do not forget to remove the coating 2 times a day for a few minutes: long cultivation without airing favors the development of mold and pathogenic fungi.

You can sprinkle the seeds not with soil, but with loose snow and remove them in a dark place. Melt water will moisten the earth, and under the influence of the cold, the embryos will wake up faster and begin to develop.

Care of young seedlings

On average, a week passes from sowing seeds to emergence. If after 10 days you have not waited for green shoots, do not rush to sow again. Some varieties take longer to wake up than others, and if you have poured too thick soil or the soil is very dense, it will take a long time for the weak growth to look out into the light. Sometimes green stalks appear after 20 days. To be on the safe side, if no shoots appear after 2 weeks, sow an additional portion in a separate container.

Further care of the seedlings will be quite simple, all work is reduced to 5 operations, they all begin with the letter P.

1. Backlight.
2. Watering.
3. Top dressing.
4. Picking.
5. Pinching.

As soon as you see the first shoots, move the seedlings into the light. Viola is not afraid of the sun, and in March the rays are not too scorching, let the seedlings enjoy the warmth on the southern windowsill. In early spring, daylight hours are too short, and many biological processes cannot take place in the dark. Install a lamp over the plantings and keep the plants in the light for at least 14 hours, arrange for them more time to good development... For the first days, let the seedlings live in their usual conditions under the film, but every day increase the airing time in order to completely abandon the shelter in a week. Pansies can be hardened from an early age, at + 15⁰, start to take them out into the open air, and when the seedlings mature a little, growing even at + 8⁰ will not do harm, but only strengthen young plants.

Summer sowing can also be done with seedlings. Highlight small area and in June sow seeds there, and in August transplant the seedlings to a permanent flower bed. Such a planting will help save space in the flower garden, and next year you will receive lush, long unfading flowers.

Pansies are very demanding for proper watering. They love water, flowers need to be watered as soon as the topsoil begins to dry out. At the same time, growing in a constantly moist mass is also not to their liking - the roots will quickly begin to rot. Water abundantly and make sure excess moisture is drained from the soil. If the pan is dry all the time, check if the drain holes are clogged.

Picking

When the third true leaf appears, it's time for the seedlings to dive. Viola roots regenerate well, so don't be afraid if some of the roots come off. Of course, on purpose to spoil root system should not, but when you accidentally injure a seedling, do not discard it. With severe damage, the development of the plant may slow down for a while, but soon everything will be restored, and the flower will catch up with its peers. It is advisable to cultivate each flower in a separate container. The seedling cups should not be too small, but a diameter larger than 10 cm is also not suitable.

Often the stems of young viola seedlings are too stretched. When diving, bury the seedlings in the ground up to the cotyledonous leaves. A deep planting will encourage new roots to emerge from the buried stem. The underground organs of the plant will become more powerful, and the upper part will be strengthened and will not tilt downward. Pinch the top of the stem so that the seedlings do not stretch up, but become more lush.

Both planting seeds and growing seedlings after picking should take place only in fertile soil, therefore, at an early age, there is enough nutrition for plants. Feed the pansies for the first time 3 weeks after germination with complex fertilizer. Manure for viola is contraindicated; when applied, the stems can be affected by a black leg. The following dressings should be applied every month.

Conclusion

Viola is a biennial plant, and in order for its flowers to decorate the flowerbed as long as possible, you need to sow seeds for seedlings at the end of February, and relocate to a permanent place in May after spring frosts. Already at the beginning of summer, the site will be decorated with tricolor pansies, their flowering will continue until autumn. The bushes will overwinter under the snow and will bloom again next spring. Even if too many seedlings grow from the seeds, it will not be superfluous: these flowers are suitable for decorating balconies, and for hanging pots, and for flowerpots.

A pick is useful for viola seedlings. Their root system recovers quickly, and minor root injuries will not cause any harm to the plants. A deep planting, when the elongated stem is buried in the ground, will help the formation of additional root processes, the seedlings will receive more nutrition and develop better. To prevent the pansies from stretching out again, pinch the top of the stem. After that, all the forces will be spent not on growing in length, but on the formation of a lush bush.

Viola is not afraid of any sun rays, no cool air. Seedlings can be kept on the south window and not shaded, and at + 15⁰ they can be taken outside. Growing in cool conditions will harden and strengthen the plants. Give the seedlings enough light correct watering and regular feeding and pansies will decorate your country cottage area all summer.

The bright beauty viola, she is also called pansies and violets, will decorate any flower bed. Viola is easy to grow and propagate. The seeds of the plant can be sown directly into the heated soil. For a long flowering viola with brighter and larger flowers, the grower will have to follow several rules. Let's take a closer look at this plant, talk about the features of planting and care in the open field.

Viola is a plant growing up to 30 cm, with decorative flowers on a high stem.

Viola tricolor

1. Pansies are perennial and annual.
2. Used to decorate curbs, low shrubs.
3. Low plants it is good to decorate alpine slides.
4. Viola can be easily transplanted even during flowering. She quickly takes root.

Bloom

Mix of different viols

The plant prefers to grow in a lighted area of ​​the garden. but excessive abundance of the sun depressing viola. She needs to be in the shade at least a little. The flowering of a plant depends on the variety and planting time.

In low light, viola flowers will be smaller in size and less in brightness than flowers planted in open areas.

Ampel view

Viola Ampelnaya in a hanging pot

Many varieties of violets have been bred. Among them, it is especially in demand ampel viola... She looks like ball with big amount flowers... It should be planted in hanging planter... She suffers a cold snap, not demanding to care. After half a month of sowing seeds, the plant already pleases the owners with flowers.

The ampelous viola in bright light dissolves bright and large-diameter flowers. Only they wither faster than viola flowers growing in partial shade.

Flower propagation

Planting seeds

Violets can be propagated by seed. Before sowing, they are treated with a solution "Zircon" or "Epina"... At the end of spring, seeds are sown in warm, fertile soil, where the subsoil waters are deep enough. Ideal option for the soil is considered a mixture of loamy soil with humus... You can mix humus equally with peat and add sand.

Viola does not tolerate stagnant moisture, so it will not grow in the lowlands.

The seeds must be scattered into the grooves (50 seeds per meter is enough). Experienced florists sow 3-4 seeds in holes, at a distance of 60 cm... The seeds are buried 6 mm, sprinkled with soil a little and watered. To prevent the soil from drying out, the planting site must be sprinkled a layer of sawdust. Viola will start blooming in early June. Weak shoots must be shaded from the bright sun for at least the first 10 days.

Viola seeds different types that can be bought in flower shop

Seeds of a two-year-old violet should be sown at the height of summer, take care of the same technology. It should be planted in a permanent place at the end of summer, and covered with spruce branches for the winter. Violets will bloom next summer.

Seedlings

Seeds are sown in containers with fertile soil... The temperature should be around 25 degrees... When the seedlings sprout, the temperature can be reduce to 15 degrees.

Viola seedlings

On the third day after germination, the seedlings dive. After half a month, the grown seedlings are planted again with a step of 6 cm. Seedlings are planted in the garden 8 weeks after germination.

Planting viola in open ground

Cuttings

Perennial varieties viols grow over time, there are fewer flowers and they are smaller in size. To rejuvenate the bush, it is necessary to cut the cuttings and transplant them into prepared grooves or holes. They should be in the shade and with sufficient moisture. For reproduction, cut off the top of the shoot with 3 nodes. The cuttings are buried 5 mm in the soil and covered with foil or glass.

Planting viola cuttings

Cuttings must be constantly sprayed from a spray bottle, one at a time and ventilated. After a month, the cuttings take root, they need to be transplanted separately. New plants begin to bloom in early summer of next year. In order for the plants to bloom in late summer, cuttings will have to be cut in late spring.

Care and cultivation of violets Pansies in the open field

Although the viola is not demanding to care for, it cannot be left completely unattended. She needs watering, feeding, loosening and weeding. For better flowering viola should be planted in a lighted area of ​​the garden, but so that the plant arrives in the shade for several hours a day. Then the flower is not threatened with drying out at high temperatures.

Watering

It is necessary to water the viola every day. Especially during flowering and in hot weather, the plant must be watered heavily. However, excessive moisture can cause root rot and plant death. Watering should be done in moderation.

Viola is very fond of water

Top dressing

In order for the plant to delight the owners with flowers longer, it needs to be fed with mineral fertilizers. Depending on the fertility of the soil, fertilizers are applied to the soil 1-2 times per month. For feeding, take 30 g of superphosphate or nitrate per 1 sq. m. The plant should not be fertilized with organic matter, especially with fresh mullein.

Weeding

Weeds should be pulled out constantly. They compete with violets for lighting, nutrition, and moisture.

To increase the flowering period, the florist needs to remove wilted flowers.

Loosening

Loosening the soil saturates the soil with oxygen.

Pansies are very fond of regular loosening.

Pest control

The main reason for the appearance powdery mildew is excessive nitrogen subcortex or lack of moisture. For treatment, viola is watered soda ash solution with the addition laundry soap ... Will also help against powdery mildew Fundazol solution... They will also help in the fight against gray mold and black legs.

Fungicide Fundazol and instructions for use

Shelter for the winter

Perennial viols need to be covered on winter period... To protect them from low temperatures, they are covered with foliage, spruce or pine branches. The shelter must be removed with the onset of warm days. Viola seeds must be harvested as soon as the testes turn yellow until the seeds fall to the soil. Subject to simple rules agricultural technology, viola will bloom for a long time. Her bright flowers will not get lost against the background of neighboring flowers.

Viola is better known as Pansies, which is just one of the varieties. The plant is very common for growing in flower beds. In our latitudes, Viola is represented as annual plant, pleasing with its bright petals almost all summer. There are over 400 varieties of this delicate plant.

Description of the plant

They belong to the Vialkov family and before cultivation they grew mainly in mountainous areas, where a temperate climate prevailed. Most often this is the Northern Hemisphere, but they were also found in subtropical Brazil and even in tropical Australia and South Africa, the islands of New Zealand and the Sandwich Islands.

Its beautiful open buds were noticed even before our era and were used as decoration for festive wreaths, garlands on the streets and in houses. The first records of the cultivation of these violets were recorded back in 1683. Since the 19th century, Viola has appeared in Europe, and is increasingly popularized, cultivated and "gives birth" to new varieties.

Viola is considered short herbaceous plant- 15-30 centimeters. A single flower on a spur with a long peduncle. The color of the opened bud is incredibly varied, as is the diameter of the flower. The variety depends on the size, shape and color, and there are already a great many of them.

The plant is not particularly capricious and even easily tolerates a transplant during flowering. The flowering period is quite long - either from August to frost, or from the second half of March to the very end of May. Flowers love spaces open to the sun, but still the strong sun burns Viola. It feels quite comfortable in the shade, but the flowers become a little smaller and turn pale.

Types and varieties

It is impossible to list all varieties of these violets at once. But there are differences in appearance and size that form the Viola species. Each species has its own unique varieties. This plant also has a distinction by flower diameter: small-flowered (up to 6 centimeters), medium-flowered (up to 7.5 centimeters), large-flowered (up to 8.5 centimeters), giants (over 8.5 centimeters).

Tricolor

This Viola tricolor is also called wild Pansies. Small flowers - 1.5 centimeters in diameter. Most often yellow, blue, white, purple. The middle is yellow. It blooms for a very long time - from the first warming in April until September.

Tricolor

It is characterized by unpretentiousness, as it grows remarkably even on poor soils. Refers to annual or biennial plants, but can survive the winter, losing its decorative effect. It is considered not only a decoration, but also a medicinal herb.

Horned

Viola cornuta is already a perennial flower that does not lose its decorative effect over the years. However, everything will depend on its frost resistance and most hybrids cannot boast of this. They grow well both outdoors and in pots. Flowering can be enjoyed from warming in April until the very first frost.

It stands out among other Viols with a slightly curved spur behind the bud, 10-15 centimeters long. This spur is somewhat similar to the spur of Aconites or Delphiniums.... The flowers are also small - up to 3 to 5 centimeters. They also have a yellow eye, and the petals are purple, purple and blue.

Some varieties come in other, brighter colors - from white and cream to yellow and red tones.

The most famous varieties:

• Hansa;
• Columbine;
• Alba;
• Etain;
• Boughton Blue.

Viola Wittroca

This species is just known as Pansies and was bred as a hybrid of Tricolor, Horned, Altai and Yellow Viol. Viola Wittrockiana has flowers of various diameters - from 6 to 11 centimeters. The petals are always bright, may have streaks, veins and specks.

The best varieties:

• F1 Cristal Bowl White;

F1 Cristal Bowl White

• Firnengold;
• Bambini;
• Tangenne;
• Majestic Giant II Scherry;
• Delta Pure Deep Orange;
• Pure White;
• Maxim Marina;
• Skyline Orange;
• Reingold.

The Universal Series stands out separately. The flowers are mainly medium-flowered with a wide variety of colors. The flowering of Pansies is long - from the first heat to frost, but much depends on the variety. The variety also affects the “lifespan” of the entire plant.

Wittrock Ampelnaya

This variety was bred not so long ago, but it is distinguished by its splendor. A whole pillow of Pansies that hangs amazingly from the pot. This variety is best grown in a pot in order to reveal all the beauty.

It belongs to two years old, but it can delight with flowering in the first year. In the second year after sowing, it blooms very early and blooms all summer.

Viola Williams

Another incredible hybrid is Viola williamsii. This is a two-year-old bred from crossing Pansies and Viola the Horned. The growth of the stem of this Viola is up to 30 centimeters, and the growth of flowers is 3-4 centimeters. The color of the petals is also varied, like that of Wittrock, but the usual "face" around the "eye" is absent. There are both bush and ampel varieties:

• Pearl waterfall;

Pearl waterfall

• Amber Kiss;
• Frose chocolate;
• Sparkler.

Moth

Viola Sosria, also called the Moth, is a bush violet and perennial. Viola sororia can grow up to 20 centimeters. It usually blooms once in mid-spring, but can also bloom again at the end of summer. The bush itself is quite compact on which buds bloom up to 2.5 centimeters. The characteristic color of the petals is white, blue-violet, white-blue.

Allocate varieties:

• Albiflora;
• Freeckles;
• Ruba.

Scented Viola

Viola odorata is characterized by a rich, fragrant scent that earned it its name. It was taken as a basis by the cosmetics industry in many industries. It can grow for several years, but it loses its decorative effect. Very unusual for its appearance, and the flowers are only up to 2 centimeters.

It is found in different shades: white, purple, blue, yellow, pink, red, purple.

Flowering occurs in mid-spring, occasionally blooms again at the end of summer. The bushes themselves are up to 15 centimeters in height, but with dense planting, they form a magnificent carpet. It can be grown both at home and in the open field.

Famous varieties:

• La France;
• Marie Louise;
• Coeur d'Alsace;
• Lydia Groves;
• Orchid Pink;
• Ashvale Blue;
• Alba.

The variety of Viols is impressive, which is why they are very popular. They are grown not only in home gardens and flower beds, but also decorate the streets of the city. In general, the plant is unpretentious and quite simply grown from seeds.

Growing from seeds

Growing from seed gives an advantage in flower growth and maturation. When germinating seeds, Viola can bloom in mid-spring. It is better to do germination back in February by soaking the seeds in any biostimulator. The stimulating drug is diluted according to the instructions for this stimulant. The seeds should be soaked for 24 hours.

At this time, you can do the capacity and soil. Any container will do, but it is better to take a special soil - violet. It is found in flower shops. For convenience, make grooves in a container with soil and sow seeds in them and at the end sprinkle each beard with soil. After that, pour everything with settled water and cover the container.

For covering, glass or a thick film is suitable. Place the container in a room with a temperature within + 15 ° C.

Sowing

It is quite possible to sow Viola in open ground. The best time is May. When sowing with holes, 2-3 seeds are placed in each. And the number of seeds per furrow is calculated as 50-60 seeds per meter of furrow. It is not necessary to sow deeply - 0.5-0.7 centimeters is quite enough.

From above, the seeds are sprinkled with earth and watered. The sprouts appear quite quickly, but it is advisable to cover them with a film. So the sun will not burn for them. As soon as the sprouts are 2 weeks old, you can safely remove the film.

Seedling care

Seedlings also appear quickly enough. In a week or a maximum of one and a half, the first Viols will turn green. Then it is necessary to remove the film or glass. It is advisable to move the entire container to a place even cooler - there should be a temperature no higher than + 10 ° C. Diffuse light is desirable and any bright5 rays are contraindicated.

At this time, it is very important to monitor the moisture content of the soil - it cannot be overdried and poured. It should just be always wet. It should be fertilized twice a month with complex mineral fertilizers.

Picking

The picking causes a lot of controversy among flower growers and opinions are divided into 2 fronts. Some argue that a pick is required for the first time when Viola has formed 2 true leaves. And the second is needed in a couple of weeks. And it should be carried out according to the 6 by 6 scheme.

The second side claims that the second pick is completely unnecessary, because the role of the second pick is performed by the landing itself. Therefore, the plant does not always dive a second time. And transplanting can take place even when Viola is in bloom. And she will continue to bloom.

Landing in open ground

Disembarkation time depends on the climate, but usually it is April-May. In order for Viola to delight you with flowering as long as possible, it is better to choose a sunny place for her. However, it is important that at least a few hours a day a shadow still falls on the place of Viola's growth. If there is no such place, then it can be planted in a shaded place. It's just that the color of the petal will be less saturated, and the diameter of the bud itself will become even smaller.

It is important to prepare the ground. For Viols, a combination of crushed (not very fine) coal, dry bird droppings or humus is ideal. Moreover, 10 parts of the land need only 2 parts of each fertilizer. Coal will not only fertilize, but also act as drainage.

A composition of peat, humus, turf and sand is also suitable. You need to take one part of the sand, and two of all the other components. It is important that Viola does not grow somewhere in lowlands or close to groundwater. The roots of the beauty do not tolerate an abundance of moisture and stagnant water.

Landing in the ground

There are no specific recommendations for the landing itself. The location of the plants depends on the size of the future bush. For mid-flowered, it is quite enough to leave 10-15 centimeters between the holes. It is advisable to prepare the wells in advance. Viola is placed there, the roots are covered with earth and must be watered.

Care

It should be noted right away that every 3 years Viola must be transplanted. In the process of transplanting, the bushes should be divided among themselves so that the plant does not grow much, and the flowers do not become smaller, losing their decorative effect. Many Viol varieties reproduce well by cuttings.

Of the features of care, it is important to maintain the soil in a loose state and in sufficient moisture. If the climate is not very hot, then additional watering is not necessary. In hot weather, you will have to water additionally. Loosening is necessary due to the shallow root system. It only grows up to 15-20 centimeters in depth. Weeds are sure to get rid of so that the flower could receive all the necessary substances from the soil.

It is advisable to fertilize the soil once a month. Let's go superphosphate or ammonium nitrate: on square meter about 25-30 grams of fertilizer.

Diseases and pests

Caring for Viola is completely uncomplicated. And its observance prevents the appearance of diseases in the plant. To a greater extent, Viola is not susceptible to diseases, but problems such as:

• powdery mildew. It looks like a gray or whitish bloom on leaves, stems and buds. Usually arises from the gardener's enthusiasm for nitrogen fertilizers or from using only them. It is solved by spraying a solution with an ordinary soda ash with soap or ground sulfur. The foundation can also help. If Viola is sick for a long time, repeat the spraying after a couple of weeks;

Powdery mildew

• black rot or gray leg. Provoked by the wrong temperature regime cultivation, soil moisture and air. Only the normalization of growing conditions can help here. All diseased plants will have to be removed. The land where the "epidemic" occurred must be treated with foundation;
• spotting. Because of it, the entire flower weakens, and the leaves dry. In this case, only healthy bushes can be saved, and it is advisable to burn all damaged ones altogether. The entire garden can be threatened if spotting is ignored. Treat undamaged Viols with Bordeaux liquid several times with a break of a couple of weeks.

Of the insects, several caterpillars should be feared: mother-of-pearl violet and clover scoop. Both die from spraying with tobacco infusion or chlorophos. Other pests Violam are not terrible.

Viola after flowering

You can collect seeds after flowering at the very end of summer or early fall. In place of the bright flowers, small boxes appear, where the seeds were formed. As soon as this box "turned" up - the seeds can be collected. All the boxes are cut off, the seeds are taken out and dried in the room. It is advisable to store them in the refrigerator.

Seed collection

When leaving seeds on flowers, spontaneous self-seeding often occurs. It is impossible to predict where young Violas will appear, but they can be noticed even in autumn. They can "hatch" in the spring. In this case, Violas can be straightened and planted, which greatly facilitates the process of growing flowers.

For the winter, it is enough to cover it with foliage or spruce branches. Some varieties can withstand temperatures down to -30 ° C. All one-year-olds are simply removed.

Video

An example of growing viola from seeds, see the video

Conclusion

Viola is not capricious and incredible beautiful plant... Such a beauty will suit any area. With her, it is possible to create incredible "carpets" and even entire compositions. Perennial varieties will support your idea at every weight, ampel varieties will decorate any pots, and fragrant varieties will enchant with aromas.

Viola flowers(garden violets) are not only well-known pansies that amuse passers-by with funny "muzzles" on the petals. In fact, the genus viola has about 400-500 species of annuals, biennials and perennials. When choosing viola varieties for growing as a pot crop or an open field plant, they usually stop at several types. Let's talk about them in more detail.

Violet tricolor - herbaceous plant, predominantly wild. Occurs in ravines, ditches, meadows with acidic or neutral soil. Viola tricolor is often called wild pansies.

The plant forms small bushes, up to 15 cm high. The leaves are rounded, pointed at the end, collected in a rosette at the base of the bush. Peduncles with small flowers (diameter up to 1.5 cm) at the ends rise from the outlet. Several shades appear in the color of flowers: white, yellow, blue, purple.

Violet tricolor is unpretentious, can grow on poor, not fertilized soils

Viola tricolor is considered an annual or biennial plant, although in fact it can "live" much longer, somewhat losing its decorative effect (this applies to almost all viols). Bloom - from April to September.

Violet tricolor is not only an ornamental, but also a medicinal plant. It is used in dried form by itself or as part of herbal preparations.

Tricolor violet - a flower suitable for decorating a garden in a natural, natural style

Viola horned (Viola cornuta)

Horned viola is a perennial garden violet that can be grown for many years in a row without losing its decorative effect. But! Its winter hardiness depends on the variety. Species varieties overwinter without problems, hybrids (which, usually, are sold in bags with seeds) in cold winter may be lost.

Viola cornuta (cornuta) has a significant difference: a slightly curved spur, 10-15 mm long, located at the back of the flower. Perennial delphiniums, aconites (wrestlers) have the same spur.

Viola horned - perennial garden violet

The flowers of the horned viola are small - up to 3-5 cm in diameter. Species specimens are colored in modest shades of lilac, blue, violet with an invariable yellow eye in the center. The hybrids are more diverse, among which there are varieties with blue, snow-white, cream, orange, yellow, red flowers. The flowers have a pleasant aroma.

Horned viola is successfully used as pot plant, in the open field - in curbs and flower beds. However, when planting, it should be remembered that horned viola is easily pollinated with other garden violets - with tricolor viola, Vittrock's viola. The resulting hybrids may not look like mother plants, which is not always appropriate in planned flower arrangements.

Viola horned Azure Wing (hybrid)

Varieties of horned viola:

• Alba - snow-white flowers
• Boughton Blue - pale blue flowers with a white eye;
• Columbine - white-purple flowers with a bright yellow eye in the center;
• Etain - white and yellow flowers with a purple border
• Hansa - deep blue-violet flowers

Viola horned blooms all season: from April to frost. It reproduces well by self-sowing, cuttings, some varieties - by dividing the bush. This type of viola should be sown in autumn or early spring, through seedlings.

Viola Wittrockiana

This is the most popular type of viola. They are mainly offered to us in markets and flower shops. Viola Vittroca flower is a hybrid created by crossing the tricolor violet (Viola tricolor), Altai viola (Viola altaica), yellow viola (Viola lutea), horned viola (Viola cornuta) and some other species. Viola Wittroca is the garden pansy flowers.

The Wittrock Violas are the most popular among the Violas. It is them that we most often see on balconies and summer flower beds.

The upright bush of Viola Vittrok branches densely and reaches 20-30 cm in height. Leaves - rounded-oval, with rounded teeth. Flowers - large (up to 6-11 cm in diameter) irregular shape, of various shades, rise above the leaves. Petals are rarely monochromatic, more often colored veins, strokes, spots are clearly visible on them.

IN last years ampel varieties of Wittrock's viola were bred. The lashes of such viols reach 30-40 cm, the flower - about 5 cm. Wittrock's ampel viola is grown either in pots and hanging baskets, or as a ground cover capable of creating a flowering pillow up to 60-75 cm in diameter.

Viola Wittroca is traditionally considered a biennial. However, with early crops (in late winter or early March), it blooms in the year of planting, along with other annuals - in May-June. At autumn sowing Viola Vittroka blooms in the second year in early spring.

There are many varieties of Wittrock viola, some of which are grouped together. Here are some of them:

• Swiss giants are compact bushes with large flowers reaching 6-8 cm in diameter. Coloring - bright, multicolored, with a traditional "eye" and a dark "butterfly" on the petals.
• Rococo is a variety series, the flowers of which have unusual corrugated petals. The size of the flowers is up to 6 cm. They are distinguished by bright colors, complemented by clear strokes and dark spots on the petals.
• Bambini is a very striking series characterized by abundant flowering... Flowers can have different colors, a lot of delicate, pastel colors - bluish, pink, pale lilac, beige. In the central part of the flower there is a white or yellow butterfly. The flowers are quite large, reaching 6 cm in diameter.
• Manjestic Jants F 1 (Majestic Giants Series F 1) - giant flowers with a diameter of 9-10 cm? bright colors with a dark spot in the center in the form of a large bow. Even more impressive flower sizes (11 cm) for the next generation of Manjestic - Super Majestic Giants SeriesF 1.

Viola Wittrock look especially impressive in mass plantings

Viola Williams

Viola Williams is a biennial hybrid obtained from crossing the Viola Vittrock and the horned viola. The stem of Williams' viola can reach 30 cm, the flowers are small - 3-4 cm. Their color is always bright, with strokes similar to the coloring of the flowers of the Wittrock viola, but without the characteristic "muzzle".

Ampel Viola Williams in a flowerpot

Among the varieties of Williams' viola, there are not only bush forms, but also ampelous forms.

Popular varieties:

• "Pearl Waterfall" - ampelous viola, many white-blue flowers, pleasant smell.
• "Bengal fire" - ampelous viola, yellow-burgundy butterfly flowers.
• Amber Kiss is a bush that forms a lush carpet with bright bronze-yellow flowers.
• "Frose chocolate" - bush form, prone to rapid expansion in width; reveals many small flowers at the same time; the color of the flowers is brown with a yellow eye and dark strokes.

Viola Williams' luxurious whips in a hanging planter

Viola sororia

Viola Sororia (moth viola) is a perennial bush species, up to 20 cm high. Primrose, blooms in April-May, sometimes again - at the end of summer. It is a small, compact shrub formed by wide, heart-shaped leaves. Each flower, up to 2.5 cm in diameter, rests on its own stem, towering above the leaves. There are varieties with blue-violet, white, white-blue flowers.

Viola Sororia is used as a ground cover - when decorating alpine slides, borders, garden paths, flower beds.

Viola Sororia - perennial unpretentious violet

Viola varieties of Sororia:

• Ruba - blue-violet flowers
• Freeckles ("Freckles") - white flowers with blue dots;
• Albiflora - snow-white flowers.

Fragrant Viola or Fragrant Violet (Viola odorata)

Viola fragrant is a perennial plant, the flowers of which have a pleasant aroma. Due to this, the extract from fragrant violets is used to create perfumes and cosmetic products. Also viola odorate is cultivated as ornamental plant... However, the acquired varieties, after several years of cultivation, often run wild.

Fragrant violet has not only a decorative look, but also a wonderful aroma

The leaves of the fragrant violet are rounded, with a jagged edge. Flowers, up to 2 cm in diameter, are located on long thin stems. Species forms are painted in purple, blue, white tones. Cultivars can be red, yellow, purple, pink.

Fragrant violets bloom in April-early May. A second wave of flowering is possible - at the end of summer.

The size of the fragrant viola bush is almost dwarf - up to 15 cm.But if you plant several specimens together, you get a wonderful lush and dense pillow. Due to its decorativeness, fragrant viola is grown in pots on balconies, in flower beds, on flower beds and borders, in mixborders and on alpine slides.

The following varieties of fragrant violets are very popular in culture:

• Soeur d'Alsace - pink (salmon) flowers, very fragrant;
• Alba - pure white simple flowers, with a delicate aroma;
• Ashvale Blue - large whites double flowers with blue spots along the edges of the petals;
• Marie Louise - blue double flowers with a white center, very fragrant;
• Lydia Groves - Single Big pink flowers, sweet aroma;
• La France - flowers are large, purple, simple in structure;
• Orchid Pink - Simple pink-purple flowers with pale blue stripes in the center.

Viola flower (lat.Viola) belongs to the genus of the Violet family. Representatives of this family mainly grow in places with temperate climate and mountainous regions of the northern hemisphere, numbering, according to various estimates, from 400 to 800 different species. Some of the plants are endemic to the South American Andes, sometimes found in subtropical Brazil, tropical South Africa, New Zealand, Australia and the Sandwich Islands.

Among the people, the plant is better known under the name pansies.

Since time immemorial viola violet was very popular- almost two and a half millennia ago, the ancient peoples who inhabited the territory of Europe woven this flower into wreaths, festive garlands, and decorated the premises with them for holding festive celebrations. The scented violet was the first to be introduced into the culture, and the mountain violet became the second.

The earliest mention of holding breeding works with hybrids of violets dates back to 1683. Europeans first became acquainted with the Viola Vittrock species, which is a hybrid of tricolor, Altai and yellow viola, in early XIX centuries. Today, garden viola is one of the most popular plants, which has hundreds of varieties and varieties.

Growing conditions

Viola introduces herself an annual, biennial and perennial herb that reaches a height of 15-30 cm. The root system of the flower is fibrous, and its main shoot is erect. Has pinnately dissected or simple leaves, which are equipped with stipules or collected in a special root socket, or generally grow alternately.

Viola Vittroka boasts single axillary flowers, located on long peduncles, reaching 7 cm in diameter, "marigolds" are located on the upper petals, and on the lower ones, which are larger in size, there are saccular formations at the very base - spurs.

Shapes and colors of various types of viols(horned viola, Vittrock viola, fragrant viola, etc.) are striking in their variety: simple or double, with smooth or wavy edges of the petals, striped, spotted, with one spot, monochromatic, two- and three-colored. The plant blooms very profusely. The flowering period depends on the time of planting - it can be from August to frost or from mid-March to the end of May, but there are some hybrids that bloom twice a season or throughout the summer. The fruit of the viola is a small box in which its seed is located, which retains its germination for about two years.

Varieties and types

As mentioned earlier, the flower has from 400 to 800 different varieties and species. Below are the most popular ones, planting, caring for and growing which are not too difficult:

In addition to the above varieties , the following varieties of viola could grow well in the open field:

Growing from seeds

The seed can be planted directly in open ground, but the seedling method of propagation will be much more effective, so let's talk about how to grow viola seedlings from seeds... If you want to see the plant in bloom already in the year of planting, then it is best to start growing seedlings from the end of February.

Before starting work, you need to purchase a special soil substrate from the flower shop, which is used when planting violets, as well as seed. The seed is first soaked in a solution of Zircon or Epin. Then we lay out planting material into small grooves, previously made in the ground, and sprinkle the seeds on top with a grated substrate between the palms. Water the seedlings and cover the containers transparent film or glass. We leave the greenhouse in a room with a temperature of at least 15 ° C.

Viola seedlings will hatch after about 1.5 weeks, and as soon as this happens, it is necessary to remove the film or glass and leave the containers in a cool room, where the air temperature is about 10 ° C. Be sure to put the seedlings under diffused bright light with some kind of protection from direct sunlight. Caring for the plant at this stage consists of timely moistening of the substrate and complex feeding. As a fertilizer, you can use mineral compositions, which must be paid no more than twice a month.

Dive

About when and how many times you need to dive a flower, there are two opinions. Some of the florists categorically insist that viola seedlings must be dived twice. The first time is carried out at a time when young seedlings acquire a pair of true leaves, and the second - 2-3 weeks after germination according to the 6x6 scheme. However, other, no less experienced growers argue that the second pick of a flower is, in fact, planting it in open ground. In the end, it's up to you to decide whether or not to dive the plant a second time. You can plant a viola on the site when it is in an already blooming state - the flower will take root perfectly.

An ornamental plant that was planted from seed blooms in early summer or late spring.

Landing

It is necessary to plant viola in open ground depending on the climate of the area: in May or April. You should choose the most sunny area for the flower, with an optimal soil composition. It will also be useful to add 0.2 parts of crushed coal (not too fine) to one part of the land to the soil, so that its fractions perform, among other things, a drainage function. The same amount will be required to add dry bird droppings or humus.

Viola will grow best in soil that has the following composition: sand, peat, turf land, humus in a ratio of 1: 2: 2: 2. You should not plant viola in the lowlands, where they are close groundwater... Otherwise, water stagnation may occur in the roots of the plant, which will lead to decay.

If you are tormented by the question of how to properly plant a viola, then let me console you: landing viola does not carry any secrets... The seedlings are placed in pre-prepared holes at a distance of about 10-15 cm from each other, sprinkled with earth, then the soil around the bushes is slightly compacted and well watered after planting. It is worth considering that growing flowers involves replanting them every 3 years. This process should be combined with the division of the bushes, otherwise the perennial viola will grow very much, and its flowers will become rather small, which will make the plant lose its decorative effect. The best viola varieties can be easily propagated by cuttings.

Care

Correct cultivation of viola first of all, it means that a loose and moist state of the soil will be constantly maintained on the site, because the plant has a superficial root system, which is located approximately at a depth of 15-20 cm.

Watering the area with decorative viola should be as needed, however, in a normal summer there will be enough natural moisture (fog, dew in the morning, rains, etc.), but if the summer turns out to be sultry, you will have to tinker with watering. You also need to pay Special attention removing weeds from the areas where the viola grows, as they appear, and also cutting off in a timely manner withered flowers together with seed pods, so that the flowering process does not lose its intensity.

Besides, good care for flowers provides timely feeding, which must be carried out every month, using superphosphate or ammonium nitrate at the rate of 25-30 g of fertilizer per 1 square meter of the plot.

Diseases and pests

As it is easy to see, the care and planting of the viola are quite simple, the main thing is, do not neglect the mandatory rules of cultivation, follow them meticulously, otherwise you will have to face serious problems that can be easily avoided with proper care. It's about pests and diseases that arise when the rules of agricultural technology are violated.

A spider mite is rarely affected by a flower, but this can happen when the air humidity is low, so on hot summer days, do not forget to spray the plant with a spray bottle.