How to spend the sewer - we understand personal experience. All about sewers in a private house: scheme, laying depth, calculations Proper sewage

Important! Installations biological purification require a certain service. First of all, it is necessary to maintain an optimal population of anaerobic bacteria, periodically adding a special concentrate to the corresponding compartment. In everyday life can not be used too aggressive chemical substanceswhich can destroy bacteria. It is necessary to connect the installation to the power supply.

The cleaning process is carried out in stages:

1. In the first section, which occupies the highest volume, the pollutants are separated on the fraction. Heavy and insoluble substances are descended to the bottom. This chamber must be periodically cleaned with the help of the automation center;
2. In the second section (aerotenk) wastewater Enriched by atmospheric oxygen by aeration. Here is the active phase of purification by the method of biological decomposition using bacteria;
3. In the third section - sump, an active alien is sedentary;
4. From the fourth section where water comes with a secondary sump inkjet pump, completely purified water through a overflow pipe or drainage pump Displays from the sewage device.

Internal sewage device in a private house - scheme and recommendations

Part internal sewage The following elements include;

• Plumbing devices: ,;
• Sewer riser and ventilating pipe attached to it;
• Tap lines;
• Check valve.

Horizontal pipelines are installed with a slope. With the layout of the sewage in a private house, the regulatory indicators of the slope are often neglecting, making it "on the eyes", significantly exceeds the recommended ratio. As a result, the solids of sewers do not have time to lean out of the pipes together with water, accumulate inside, creating traffic jams.

Table of dependency of the slope from the diameter of the sewer pipes for the private house

Accession to the riser of the tap pipelines is performed using slash tees and crosses. Installation of sewage pipes, utility and technical premises is allowed to implement open way. The mount is performed by special couplings with dowels, or pipes are located on supports. In residential premises, as a rule, perform hidden installation. Sewer pipelines are located in technical niches and mines, boxes, under the floor. To carry out service - periodic cleaning, the main riser and the tap sewage lines are equipped with revisions in accordance with the standards:

• Sewage riser on the lower and top floor of a private house;
• Tap lines to which three or more plumbing devices are connected;
• On the turns of the pipeline (it is there most often the solid insoluble remnants of drainage accumulates);
• On the leaps of horizontal sites every 8 m.

Video setting of sewage in private house with their own hands proper laying Pipes with a slope:

What pipes to choose

The optimal material of pipes for the sewage system are polymers. Products from them have a small weight and can be installed personally without attracting assistants. Industry releases a large number of , adapters, tees, crossbars and connecting couplings over the entire nomenclature of the diameters used. Installation is carried out without the use of specialized equipment and does not require long-term training and special skills. Approximate material is not subject to corrosion and aggressive impact household chemicals, is different for a long time operation. The following polymers are most often used to sewer a private house:

• PVP (polyethylene high density) - Available at cost, but sensitive to temperature changes. Maximum working temperature should not exceed + 40 ° C;
• PP () - has good performance, the maximum operating temperature is + 100 ° C, withstands aggressive chemicals and significant mechanical impacts, has a rather high cost;
• PVC (polyvinyl chloride) - Material with an optimal combination of cost and quality. It can be used both for external and internal sewage. Resistant to ultraviolet radiation, mechanical effects of medium intensity, temperature up + 70 ° C. However, in the process of long-term operation on the walls, a flight may appear, which leads to clogging.

Connection of pipes

The most common way to install a plastic pipeline is a fusey connection. It is performed if the pipe or fitting has the appropriate construction element - Flavor. The compound process is as follows:

• Flavor and smooth end are cleaned of contamination;
• In a special recess inside the socket is inserted rubber compressorproviding tightness of the joints;
• Smooth end of another pipe to lubricate silicone lubricant or ordinary liquid soap, after which it can be easily inserted into the socket until it stops;

Important! It is necessary to provide the possibility of temperature expansion. To do this, the marker is made on the smooth part of the pipe, after which it is drawn by 1 cm from the termination.

Stages of work on the sewage device in a private house with your own hands

The sequence of arrangement of the sewer system of the private house can be divided into several stages:

1. Determining the amount of wastewater, volume and productivity of the septic;
2. Determination of the septica location on panstone in accordance with sanitary standards;
3. Device internal sewage network;
4. Installation of outdoor claimed facilities;
5. Laying the pipeline and compounds of external sewage treatment plants and internal sewage.

Calculation of the volume of septic

Table of water consumption standards for a private residential building.

Household wastewater table on 1 raman meter Underground filtering field pipelines:

The volume table of household wastewater on a 1-line meter of the filtration trench pipeline.

Internal wiring of sewage in the private house do it yourself

The effectiveness of the sewer system of the private house, as well as the simplicity of its arrangement with their own hands, depends on the planning of the entire structure. It is considered optimal if the kitchen, and the bathroom is located as close as possible to each other, it minimizes the length of the sewer pipeline and allows you to connect all plumbing devices to one riser. When installing with their own hands internal sewage sewage, the following factors must be taken into account:

• It is necessary to connect directly to the main riser of the sewer system at the lowest possible distance from the pipe, this will reduce the probability of blockage plumbing devices;
• Other plumbing devices are recommended to connect to the sewer network above the level of unitasis connection, this will eliminate the possibility of entering fecal masses into tap lines;
• Rotate the pipeline must be performed using several angular knees. For example, two 45 ° or three to 30 °, this will provide a smoother turn and will avoid clogging;
• Sewage riser B. obligatory excreted on the roof where the fade extract is mounted on it, providing inside the sewer; Ways to connect toilet to sewer riser

  Installation and equipment tank for sewage

  For installation of the septic, regardless of its model, it is pulled by a bit with dimensions slightly exceeding the size of the container. At the bottom of the pit, a sand pillow is arranged about 10 cm thick. It is rambling and aligned as much as possible. To install septic on the pit, it is recommended to use lifting construction techniques, as some models have quite considerable weight. In most cases, fasteners are provided on the housing. After installation, the capacitance is necessarily levels in terms of level. Depending on the design, it may be necessary to install throat extension cords.

  Article

In order for life in the country to be comfortable, it is necessary to hold basic communications - water supply and sewage. On the country areas Often there is no centralized sewage network, so each owner of the house solves the problem independently. Periodic use of housing does not require the installation of expensive and complex equipment, It is enough to arrange a septic tank.

Often in the cottages, the function of collecting waste is performed by a cesspool. If the house is not equipped with a plumbing system, this option is quite justified, but with a device of sanitary devices and a large volume of water drained, it is not enough. In this article we will talk about how to make the sewage in the country with their own hands in various ways (from concrete rings, barrels, without pumping), as well as demonstrate schemes, drawings, photos and video instructions.

Sewerage should be built according to a developed project comprising an external and internal layout of pipelines.

Two-chamber septic

The most convenient is to install a collector of two chambers connected by the overflow tube. Find out how to arrange it yourself.

1. Work starts from digging a pit in a place selected with all sanitary requirements. The volume of facilities depends on the number of people living in the country. You can pull out the pitual manually or using an excavator.
2. At the bottom of the pit, a sand pillow is formed up to 15 cm high. The depth of the pit is 3 meters.
3. It is necessary to establish a formwork from boards or chipboard. The design should be reliable. Next, a reinforcing belt of metal rods tied with steel wire is formed.
4. In the formwork, you need to make two holes and insert pipe trimming. These will be places for the inlet of the sewage line and the overflow tube between the sections.
5. The formwork is poured with concrete, which with the help of the vibration tool is distributed throughout the volume. The septic design should be monolithic, so it is desirable to pour all the formwork at a time.
6. In the first compartment, the bottom is poured with concrete, a hermetic section is formed, it will serve as a sump. Here, wastewater will be divided into solid large fractions that are overlooked to the bottom, and the clarified water transfers into the adjacent section. For better decomposition of solid residues, aerobic bacteria can be purchased.
7. The second compartment is manufactured without the bottom, it can be made not only from monolithic wallsBut also applying concrete rings with a diameter of 1-1.5 meters, laid on each other. The bottom of the well fall asleep with a thick layer sedimentian breed (rubble, pebbles, gravel) for filtering of wastewater.
8. Between the two sections, the overflow tube is stacked. It is installed under the inclination of 30 mm on the traffic point meter. In height, the pipe is located in the upper third of the wells. The number of sections is optionally limited to two, you can make a four-piece septic tank that provides better cleaning.
9. The septic overlap is made independently, using formwork and concrete or ready-made reinforced concrete plates. It is necessarily a hatch, which allows you to control the filling of sections and extract. Kotlovan falling asleep with sand and selected soil. Cleansing the sump of such a system will occur every 2-3 years.

Thanks to the simplicity of installation, many dacms prefer to make a septic tank from concrete rings.

If the ground on the clayey or groundwater plot is very close to the surface, it will not be possible to arrange a septic tank. Can be stopped on the sealed capacity of sufficient volume, reliably installed and fixed to concrete Plate In the pit.

Another option is a biological cleaning station. Local stations are convenient and effective, they are indispensable for suburban structures. big Square. Experts are engaged in installation and starting device, the cost of such a station is acceptable for a narrow circle of dachens.

Gasket outdoor highway

From the site of the exit of the sewer pipe from the house to the septica, the pipeline must be laid. The highway must lie under a slope that ensures the flow of polluted water. The larger pipe diameter you use, the smaller angle of inclination is required for their operation, on average it is 2 degrees. The depth of the trench for laying pipes should be greater than the magnitude of the soil winter freezing. If the depth of the trench is small, ensure the thermal insulation of the highway.

The average value of the depth of sewage laying is 1 meter, in the warm regions it is enough to fall at 70 cm, and in the cold it will be necessary to dig a pit for up to 1, 5 meters. The bottom of the pitted pit is covered with a dense pillow of the rammed sand. This procedure will protect the pipes from the soil shift.

The optimal option will lay the direct pipe to the collector. If necessary, perform a turn, this place is equipped with an observation well. For the highway, you can use plastic and cast iron pipes with a diameter of 110 mm, their compound must be sealed. After mounting, the pipeline is covered with sand, and then soil.

The design that does not require regular wastewater pumping consists of several tanks operating simultaneously. It can be two / three-chamber septic tanks. The first tank is used as a sump. It is the largest in volume. In two-chamber septhes, the sump occupies ¾ structures, and in three-chamber ½. There is a pre-purification of the drain: severe fractions are settled, and the lungs are shimmer into the next compartment as the first fill. In the last part of the septicism passes the final appearance of the drain. Then water is sent to the filtering field / drainage well.

The first 2 compartments must be hermetic. In the last chamber there are holes in the walls / day. Thus, purified water seeps into the ground, which helps to avoid systematic pumping of waste, without causing irreparable harm to the soil.

It is worth considering that in wastewater except organic, there are insoluble impurities. In view of this, this design will also have to periodically pump out to get rid of the sediment accumulating in the sump. This can be done with a fecal / drainage pump. The frequency of maintenance of the septicity is completely dependent on the size / volumes / composition of wastewater.

For an independent structure of such a septic, it is necessary to competently calculate its volume. It depends on the water consumption of your households. The cost of water consumption per person is 200 liters per day. So, multiplying this amount on the number of households, you will receive daily rate Water consumption in the house. Add the resulting indicator to add another 20%.

18 m 3. In this case, you need a septic tank, having a depth and length of 3 m, and width - 2 m. Multiplying all sides you will get 18 m 3. Minimum distance from bottom septica to drain pipe - 0.8 m.

The advantage of the sewage system is that the precipitate is processed by anaerobic bacteria, as a result of which it settles on the bottom in a much smaller volume. Gradually, this precipitate is compacted and rises up. When IL reaches the level of overflow - septic tank must be cleaned immediately. Sports to clean the septic should be quite rare. This is due to the fact that the volume of less than 6 months will be from 60 to 90 liters.

Energy-dependent septic tanks have built-in shocking units. Non-volatile their analogues should be cleaned manually or with the help of assessing equipment.

However, there were no biological preparations with special enzymes, processing IL to acid, and then in methane and carbon dioxide. To remove these gases you just need to install ventilation in septic. Thus, your septicch will become an absolutely waste-free, safe and non-volatile cleaning facility.

Bacteria need to "feed" oxygen for greater efficiency of their work. Capacities for septica can be bought or done on your own.

Before installing finished design Septic need to determine the suitable place for this. The minimum distance between the septic and the house is 5 m. Seating pipes of the sewage should be directed directly to the septic. The turns of the pipeline are better to avoid, because it is precisely in such places that blocks are formed.

Septic typing can not be installed near the trees, since their roots can damage the integrity of the case. The depth of the septicine and sewer pipes directly depends on the level of primerization of the soil.

If the groundwater is close to the surface, then the reinforcing bottom of the concrete slab / tie. The dimensions of the recovery will depend on the size of the septic. If you have to install a compact design, it is easier to dig a manually in order to save money.

The pit should be slightly wider than the septic casing. The gaps between the walls and the soil should be at least 20 cm, and better more. If it is not necessary to strengthen the bottom, it will still be a sand pillow with a thickness of 15 cm (meaning the thickness of the rammed sand).

The upper part of the septic should rise above the ground. Otherwise, melting water in spring flood the device equipment.

After the device is the base of the pit, lower the septic tank in it. This can be done with the help of cables placed in the ribs of the septic rigidity. In this case, you can not do without assistant. Next, connect the device to communications, previously processed the trenches for pipes, setting the sand pillow and installing the pipe. They should be laid under a slight bias - 1-2 cm for each running meter. The pipe laying is carried out at a depth of approximately 70-80 cm.

Septic tank should be installed strictly by level. In the horizontal position it will work better.

To connect the sewage pipe to the septic, it should be done in it a hole of the corresponding diameter. This is done according to the instructions for the cleaning system. After that, you need to weld the pipe to the hole. To solve this problem you will need a polypropylene cord and a construction hairdryer. When the nozzle cools into it, it will be possible to insert the pipe of the sewage.

If you connect an energy-dependent septic tank, then after these actions you need to connect electric cable. It is carried out from the shield to a separate machine. It must be put in a special corrugated pipe and put in the same trench as the sewer tube. On the septic, there are special holes with stamps. Cable connected to them.

If the level of primer of the soil in your region is large enough, then warm the septic. Insulation can serve any heat insulation materialwhich can be used for styling in the ground.

Upon completion of the connection of electricity and pipes, septic tank should be filled with soil. This is done by layers of 15-20 cm. To align the pressure in the process of sweeping of the soil, the water must be pouring into the septic tank. At the same time, the water level should be slightly higher than the hiding level of the pit. So, gradually the whole septicch will be underground.

If you are not satisfied with the finished plastic autonomous system For wastewater treatment, due to its size or cost, then you can make a septic tank from several compartments yourself. Excellent inexpensive material for the implementation of conceived - concrete rings. All work you can do yourself.

Among the advantages of the septicity of the bribe rings, we note the following:

• Affordable price.
• Unpretentious in the process of operation.
• The possibility of performing work without the help of specialists.

The following are the following:

1. The presence of an unpleasant smell. It is impossible to make the design absolutely sealed, and therefore the formation of an unpleasant smell near the septica cannot be avoided.
2. The need to purify the chambers from solid waste with the help of an arbitrary equipment.

Decrease the frequency of the need to pump the septicity can be used by bioactivators. They reduce the number of solid fractions due to the fact that they accelerate the process of their decomposition.

If the rings are illiterately carry out the montage, then the septic tank will be lessed due to which the risk of penetration of untreated wastewater into the ground will increase. But, with competent installation, the septic will be sealed, so this lack of system is rightly called conditional.

The concoction scheme of Septic, as a rule, includes 1-2 chambers intended for settling and cleaning wastewater and filtering fields / filter well.

If there are few people living in your home and a minimum of sanitary devices is connected to sewage, then you can easily do with a septic, consisting of one sump and filtering well. And vice versa, if you have a lot of household and connected to sewage a lot of devices, then septic is better made of two chambers and a filtration well.

How to carry out the calculations of the required volume for the septica has already been described above. According to the construction standards, the septic septic chamber must accommodate a three-day stock volume. The volume of the jubie rings is 0.62 m3, which means that for the construction of septica for 5 people you will need a sump of five rings. Where did this amount come from? For 5 people, a septic tank has a volume of 3 m 3. This figure should be divided into a rings equal to 0.62 m 3. You will get a value - 4.83. It needs to be rounded to greater, and it means that it will take 5 rings to arrange the septica in this particular case.

Drive must have such a size so that the septic and filter well can be placed in it. These works, of course, can be performed manually, but it is long and very hard, so it is more cost-effective to order a digging of a company with an excavation technique.

The bottom of the pit in the place of installation of sump cameras needs to be concreted in order to avoid the possibility of penetrating the crude drains into the ground. Before starting concrete work, drainage should be drapered part of the bottom of the pit for the installation of sumps, putting a sandy pillow on it, a layer of 30-50 cm.

If you do not want to concrete the bottom, then you can purchase reinforced concrete rings with a deaf bottom. They will need to be set first in the vertical row.

A place for the filter well also requires the preparation of the base. Under it you need to make a pillow from sand, rubble and gravel with a thickness of at least 50 cm.

To install the rings you will have to order services of lifting equipment. Perform these tasks manually very difficult. You can, of course, install rings by subpoint under the bottom ring. But this method is laborious. Yes, and the fill of the bottom will have to be carried out after installing the last ring, which will entail a number of inconvenience. In view of this, it is better not to save on the order of lifting equipment.

Typically, the rings are bonded with each other, but for greater reliability of the design, they can be made of metal plates or brackets. In this case, your septicch will not suffer due to the movement of the soil.

Now it's time to organize overflow, and for this purpose you need to bring pipes to the rings. It is better that they work on the principle of the hydraulic assembly, that is, they need to be installed with a bend.

To conduct sealing joints you need to use a solution with an aquabarer. From the outside of the reservoirs, it is necessary to handle the coating or waterproofing.

Another option is to purchase plastic cylinders installed inside the well. In this case, the probability of the penetration of dirty water will be minimized.

Float installation / back

The finished wells need to be covered with special plates from concrete, which provide holes for the installation of sewer hatches. Ideally, the recovery of the pit should be carried out with a large percentage ratio in its composition. But if it is impossible to implement it, the pit can be filled out of it before the soil.

Now the septic tank can be commissioned.

The wastewater treatment system from barrels, as well as a similar design of the concrete, can be two- and three-chamber. Sewage waters will flow in it, so it needs to be installed below the sewer pipes. The principle of operation of this device is similar to the construction of reinforced concrete rings.

To improve the autonomous sewage to the principle of the cleaning system, you can use any capacity. It can be old metal / plastic barrels. The main thing is that they were hermetic.

If you decide to make a septic tank from metal barrels, they should be previously treated with an anti-corrosion agent.

Plastic containers have a number of advantages over their metal analogues:

1. A wide range of plastic tankswhich can be used to arrange the septica.
2. Barrels are highly resistant to aggressive effects. Therefore, they serve longer than their metal fellow.
3. The small weight of the tanks simplifies their installation to the location of the permanent dislocation.
4. Plastic does not need to additionally handle in contrast to metal.
5. High tightness of the barrels excludes the possibility of penetration dirty water In the ground.

Plastic barrels need to be securely fixed when installed in the ground, because due to the spring flood or winter Morozov They can squeeze out of the soil. In view of this, plastic barrels are fixed with cables to concrete base (It must be pre-pouring or installing the Zhby Plate). In order not to crush plastic barrels, the soil snowing should be carried out extremely neat.

For seasonal use, sewage from metal barrels will be used, but for stationary use is not an option.

The popularity of metal containers for sewage arrangement is associated with their compactness and simplicity of installation. As a cover, you can use the appropriate size wooden blank or the one that was provided by the manufacturer. For mounting metal septica You need to dig the corresponding pit, which also need to be concrete - walls and bottom.

Metal containers do not differ long operating time Even after their processing with anti-corrosion compositions. Therefore, their installation can be unprofitable as a septic. Purchase of stainless steel tanks is not an option, since these products are very expensive.

Maybe you decide that in this case you can buy barrels with thin walls. However, this is also not the best solution, since during operation such a septicch can push out. Yes, and such barrels have limited capacity - up to 250 l, which is not suitable for a large family.

For the installation of a reliable system for cleaning the drain better use factory polymer barrels.

To make a septic tank from a barrel of 220 liters, you will need the following materials:

• geotextile - 80 m 2;
• sewer tube Ø110 m, 5 m long;
• crushed stone fraction 1.8-3.5 cm, approximately 9 m 3;
• corner for sewage at an angle of 45 and 90º - 4 pcs.;
• plastic barrel of 220 l - 2 pcs.;
• coupling, flange - 2 pcs.;
• wooden peg - 10 pcs.;
• Y-shaped sewage tee - 4 pcs.;
• building level;
• drainage perforated tube in a filter 5 m - 2 pcs.;
• epoxy two-component sealant - 1 pc.;
• glue for PVC - 1 pc.;
• plumbing Scotch - 1 pc.

You need from the tools:

• Shovel.
• Electric jigsaw.
• Rake.

For giving / small country house for economical use Standard plastic barrels are suitable. Install such a cleaning system is easy. If you do not drain black stocks into the sewer, then the septic will be unpretentious in maintenance. If there is a toilet in the house, then the sewer will have to be regularly cleaned, causing an associate technique.

For private houses with permanent barrels, it will not be enough. For sewage, it is better to purchase plastic cubes / tanks / tanks. The process of their installation into the ground is no different from the installation of the barrels.

The remoteness of the septicity from the house should not exceed 15 m. Too much distance complicates the process of connecting the sewage to the house:

• there is a need for a large pipeline airborne;
• on the way to septic, you will need to establish an audit well.

The system of sewage from metal barrels does not require large financial investments and complex installation work. For a start, as in previous cases, you need to prepare a pit, and then set 2 barrels, each of which has a volume of at least 200 liters. Then it is installed pipes for overflow of liquid from one barrel to another and the transition to the filtering field / drainage well.

Each subsequent container must be below the previous level.

The joints need to be sealed, and the barrels insulate with the help of foam. After that, the hooks fall asleep with a septic. Since, as mentioned above, the metal barrels are short-lived, you need to be ready for the fact that after 3-4 years they will need to be replaced.

Schemes

The cozy country house is a dream of every city inhabitant, which can overstate the lack of practical, functional communications. And indeed, private houses belong to residential buildings, and modern man Get used to living in comfort. Resources such as electricity, water supply you perceive not as a luxury, but as natural needs, which in their private house is quite normal and even naturally. Is it worth talking about how important the normal sewage is in it.

Purpose and selection of sewage

Wastewater drainage wears a certain universal name - sewage. It is centralized, that is, connected with the help of pipes to central sewage networks (usually in the city), and autonomous.

The need for autonomous sewage is very felt outside the city or in the private sector consisting of individual houses, buildings. This may not only be residential, but also public, manufacturing buildings whose activities are conjugate with wastewatering.

As one of the most important municipal systems, the sewer can be divided into two main parts:

To properly and rationally choose the sewage type for your private home, and do not make errors, are guided by the following parameters:

• The number of consumers (tenants) in the house;
• The volume of water consumption is based on one person, taking into account all plumbing devices in the house;
• The dimensions of the house;
• The properties of the soil;
• Lening degree groundwater;
• Climate features.

For more details, all the current regulations of the sewage arrangement are described in SNiP 2.04.03-85. "Sewage. External networks and facilities. "

Types of autonomous sewerage for a private house

It is possible to equip water disposal in a private house in different ways. Each of the following methods have their advantages and disadvantages, which is usually not difficult to make their optimal choice.

• Village Yama - The most ancient and easiest way to dispose of effluents, which has not yet been analogous at all. A primitive device of such sewage is a shallow pit with unlockped walls and without any bottom protection. After its filling, the pit is falling asleep, and on the other place they make a new one. The cesspool is more or less practical with a very small volume of waste, not exceeding 1 m 3. Modern variant of the cesspool is arranged with a fortified concrete or brick masonry Its inner part, and a gravel pillow (20 - 30 cm) for soil purple efforts. The principle and scheme of work is very simple: water from the drain, falling onto the bottom of the pits, seeps through the gravel base, the facal dense masses accumulate in the pit, and periodically pumped out by the assessing agents. Accelerates the process of processing the drainage adding aerobic bacteria, which also help to fight unpleasant odors. The cesspool is designed for a small amount of sanitary pribor, and in modern country houses Practically not done. Major Disadvantages: Small Patency, the bottom of the pit must be located at a meter from groundwater;

Photo: cesspool of concrete rings without bottom

Important!
The arrangement of a cesspool, regulated by the Rules of Snip. So that no contamination of soil and groundwater occurred, its location should be at least:

• 3 m from the fence;
• 5 m from the residential building;
• 10 m from the garden;
• 20 - 50 m from the source of drinking water.



• Cumulative Capacity or Tank - Ready I. inexpensive option Such a container is provided today widely in the plastic market of the PND. It can also be equipped with your own hands using concrete rings, metal tanks. Principle and scheme of work: Stocks are included in the container through the suburban pipes. Specialized plastic sewer tanks across the area are reinforced by rigidity ribs that make them also as resistant to installation. The case is quite durable. Tools with an audit hatch for pumping stocks, which should be insulated for the winter. Blowing of such tanks does not need wastewater control, and does not require any special preparation. The only disadvantage - it is necessary to often make the assession of the container.



Important!
The location of such a tank on the private house area must be provided in advance, since it should be convenient for subsequent cleaning with the help of an asserenitarian machine.

• Septic - autonomous sewage deviceproviding for wastewater treatment. There are one- I. multi-chamber septics, with a passive or compulsory cleaning process. The easiest is a single-chamber septic. In fact, it is the same cesspool, the bottom of which is sleeping with a sandy-gravel pillow. It can be made with his own hands from a large tank, reinforced concrete rings or strengthening the pit with brick masonry. The walls of such a septica are thoroughly indulge in to avoid soil contamination. The disadvantage is a small wastewater passability, a periodic replacement of a haired sandy-gravel pillow.

Photo: Single-chamber septic tank with sand-gravel pillow

Two-chamber septic - the design is more advanced, however, the scheme is simple. It provides several compartments: sump and filtering well. Such a septic tank is made from PND or fiberglass ready, providing for technological hydraulic machines that transmit strokes only in one direction. There are also revision hatches, and additional cameras to preserve oxygen with outstands. This is done so that in the first chamber of this septic, natural aerobic bacteria can be used, helping the cleaning process and eliminating unpleasant odors. Oxygen is required for them, since this process is accompanied by fermentation and decomposition on elementary components of the main biomass of wastewater.


Photo: two-chamber septica scheme

This simple design is often made with their own hands the monolithic or precast from the reinforced concrete rings. Its inner part securely waterproof. The material is relatively convenient, but extremely durable with sufficient waterproofing measures. Monolithic septicity can be made quite spacious. Its production is more laborious than the national team, since it is necessary to establish a formwork for the fill of concrete armature carcassFiging structural elements. The fill process itself is associated with filling, rambling and subsequent drying of the resulting design. Such work should be done only in the warm year of the year. Made concrete septic Collected from individual concrete rings, welding them "on the mortgage" among themselves, and wrapping the joints with a solution and bitumen. The resulting well is divided into two halves by a partition, which placed a small tap of a pipe or a block. Plastic two-chamber septics sometimes provide soil cooking in the form of extra camera With water diffusers in the soil through pipes. At the outlet of the two-chamber septic, purified water is obtained for technical needs. The septicch itself needs periodic cleaning against flotation crust, sludge savings with the help of an assessing machine.


Photo: Monolithic septic tank

Septic with bio filtration - is a design of several individual or conjugated with one chassis, the filtering process in which proceeds in passive mode. Principle of operation: Multistage filtering using various bacteria. The best solution It will be applied at the first stage of purification of anaerobic bacteria, which is not needed. In the inner part of its last chamber saturated with oxygen from the aerotane, a bio filter is located. It is a grille with the colony of aerobic bacteria placed on it, and a frighting of a clay or granulated polymer. In this chamber are created perfect conditions For vital activity of bacteria. Water is cleaned here to 95%, which makes it quite suitable for technical needs.

Photo: Septica scheme with bio filtration

Three- and chetrycharmal septicities are the most perfect septic designs for a private house. They produce companies for the production of specialized equipment for autonomous sewers of a closed type. This means that they do not need any soil finish. Such devices are so perfect that the usual rules of the retreat from residential buildings, plug in the soil, the control of groundwater and climatic drops on them do not apply. All chambers are combined with one durable plastic case, and connected by blocking pipes, the cleaning process controls electronic system Sensors, and the movement of the effluent on its inner part provides one or two powerful pumps, easily cope with the vollean discharges of water. For the livelihood of aerobic bacteria, oxygen in the septic chamber is also forcibly fed. To make cleaning such a septicity once every 3-6 months (depending on the volume of drain). And it is not even difficult to make it yourself without the help of specialists. All that is needed for its work is a small bitten size of a little more septicity, pipe supply and power supply. They are also called the stations of deep biological wastewater treatment. The only drawback is not cheap pleasure. However, wastewater treatment with such systems is possible up to 98%!

Photo: Scheme of the autonomous sewage of a private house

Deciding properly to spend the sewer in its private house, you need to pay attention to the following features:

• Before starting all the work, it is necessary to make the project of the entire sewer system where the entire scheme will be displayed, pipes with all elements, septic tank, as well as calculations for its passability;
• Pipe external sewage It is best to insulate that water in it does not frozen in frost. The recommended pipe diameter is 100-110 mm, minimum corner tilt of samotane sewage - 5 o;
• Connections of sewage pipes must be reliable and sealed, any leakage is excluded.

Arrangement of a private house autonomous sewage - Very important and not so much hard work. Guided by the rules of SNIPs and Sanpina, it can be collected by himself, to equip reliably and correctly, ensuring itself and its closest comfort for many years.

The sewage was made in a private house with their own hands - this is of course the object of the owner's pride. Although it is quite possible to order a turnkey project, and then the installation will be performed correctly by high-level specialists. After all, except the sewage system, the water supply system requires, the point is not easy.

• 1 Why need sewage to a private house
  • 1.1 Factors affecting the selection of the sewage area of \u200b\u200bthe private house
• 2 species
  • 2.1 Water supply
  • 2.2 Selection of space for sewer system

Why do you need sewage to a private house

Few of one of those who live in the apartment arises the question of the needs of the sewerage or water supply system. Their installation has been completed for a long time, this is a natural thing for the apartment.

But not every private house can boast the presence of the same water supply and sewerage system, as in high-rise urban apartments. Therefore, the laying of sewage in a private house is often performed independently.

Why is it needed? Everything is simple. Sewerage and water supply system gives comfort, comfort, provides a person with the benefits of civilization.

If you lay these systems in the construction project of a private house, then there should be no problems. Much more difficult if the diagram of the sewage and water supply is mounted in the already built house.

The project of future sewage can be completed in two schemes:

• Inside the building there is a shower and sink, and the toilet is put on the street. Such a project is quite simple because it costs without complex styling of the pipeline and sewage treatment facilities. The waste pipe is output from the house, the simplest wastewater treatment system is created on the site, that is, the sewage pit;
• Sink, shower and toilet inside. Here the wastewater treatment system is harder in order not to contaminate their own sections and water near it. It will be necessary to septic.

Factors affecting the choice of the sewage area of \u200b\u200bthe private house

Pay attention to several important factors that will allow you to competently pick up sewage system For a private house, use a suitable project for creating water supply and drainage:

• The house serves for temporary or permanent residence;
• The number of people who regularly stay in the house;
• Daily flow rate water taking into account all consumers (cranes, shower, toilet, washing machine, dishwasher etc.);
• The level of finding groundwater;
• The size of the site, which determines the available place for the cleaning system;
• Type of soil, its structure;
• Climatic features;
• Requirements SNiP.

Views

In general, all sewage systems can be divided into only two types:

• Cumulative;
• Waste cleaning systems.

But it will be correct to consider a more detailed classification, since the difference between the same type of sewage systems and water supply can be substantial.

1. Cellerage pits that have no bottom. Such sewage system is relevant only if it is 5-6 days a month in it, without spending a large amount of water. The groundwater level should be below the pit at about a meter, otherwise water pollutants cannot be avoided. Lot Popular Option today.
2. Cumulative hermetic containers. An option that allows you to solve the problems of high levels of groundwater. Soil is protected from contamination. But there is a lack - you have to often call the car for pumping. And for this purpose, it is calculated competently, so that the car could easily drive up and pump out waste.
3. Single-chamber septics. The easiest option of soil purification, which is not very different from the cesspool. If people constantly live in the house and actively use water, it is not recommended to choose such a project. This is a temporary residence system where groundwater depth is low.
4. Two-chamber septics. Such a project is allowed for implementation, only if the depth of the groundwater allows even during a flood to be 1 meter below than the bottom of the second container. Approximately every 5 years, crushed stone and sand used for installation is necessarily changing.
5. Septic, equipped with a filtering field. This system includes biological and soil cleaning at the same time. Capacity is divided into two sections. It is allowed to install such sewage when it is loaded at a level of 2.5-3 meters minimum. It requires a fairly large free area, it is located at least 30 meters from the nearest water sources and neighboring buildings.
6. Septic tanks with biofilters. Almost best scheme For frequent houses with people permanently residing in it. Special microorganisms are added to them by simply pouring into the toilet. There are no special restrictions, but it is required to connect to the power grid.
7. Systems with forced air supply. The so-called aerotanes that are expensive, but largely justify the invested funds. They have no installation restrictions, but require permanent residence of people and the availability of a source of electricity. The minimum price of the system is about 4 thousand dollars.

Water supply

In many respects, it is possible to implement one or another sewage project on the basis of the water supply system. If there are problems with it, creating an effective drainage drain will be difficult.

Many prefer the use of concrete rings to create wells, wells. Installation of concrete rings are engaged in specialists on appropriate equipment and techniques.

First, develop a water supply project, which will determine exactly which sewage will be on your site.

Stacking concrete rings, the depth of which depends on the groundwater location, trusted turnkey. It is work turnkey is the most profitable and rational. It is unlikely to organize a well to organize a well.

In some situations, the use of concrete rings can be avoided - a centralized water supply system is connected to a private house. Today it is not uncommon. But it is important to notice that your own well has its advantages:

• This is your individual water source;
• Order a project turnkey on the drilling of the well and laying concrete rings is not as expensive, as it seems at first glance;
• Water quality from the well is much higher than that comes by contaminated pipes of the centralized system;
• The task of concrete rings is not only in the giving and holding the shape of the well, but also to maintain water clean;
• Connect the pump to the well will not be difficult. Through it, the water will enter your home, to ensure the work of the entire water supply system and sewage.

Selection of space for sewer system

We sorted out that the organization of the turnkey well and the installation of concrete rings is a profitable solution for the private house and the creation of water supply.

Since the sewage and water supply is two inextricably related SystemsIt is extremely important to competently choose a place to locate the first.

By choosing a suitable area, you will provide sewage to more efficient and safe work. It is necessary to navigate not only on SNiP, but also some other nuances:

1. The slope of the land. The stock will go faster and not to create blockages if you make a slope. To use the irregularity of the site itself is also reasonable.
2. Despite the varieties of systems, each sewage scheme provides periodic pumping of waste. Some require permanent measures to remove the effluent. Therefore, consider the opportunity for a convenient entrance of the assessing agent so that he does not harm the site, but at the same time calmly approached the hatch.
3. Place the system on the distance from the residential building, buildings, fences and water supply systems. The protection of concrete rings will be exactly not enough for the waste leaked through the soil there.

Who knows, maybe you will be able to do without rings, organize a simple system of sewage and spend the minimum of forces and means. Some projects are defined turnkey, since it is simply impossible to implement with your own hands.

If you are going to call the masters, make sure that these professionals are their business. Complex sewage equipment needs experienced hands during installation, and also requires users to stick certain rules operation. Only so the system of sewage and water supply will work for a long time and efficiently.

Before laying the sewage pipe in a private house, you need to develop a project in advance, as it is necessary to provide for the use of a minimum amount of pipeline and wiring on the territory of the entire site. It is necessary in order to save your material costs and increase system efficiency. At this stage, you need to convert the design in a timely manner, get required amount information and knowledge of what the gasket of sewage pipes is properly correct.

The first steps that need to be done before placing sewer pipes in a private house

Before drawing up the scheme (project), be sure to answer the following questions:

1. How many people live in a house on an ongoing basis?
2. What local cleaner facility will you use?
3. Will you install the installation of the system yourself or through specialists?

After the answer to all questions, consider all points of water intake and plan their compact placement. Create maximum simple design Allowed wastewatering, organizing wastewater in a common riser. If you have several floors in your house, then install plumbing devices so that they are one over the other, in order to be able to remove the wastewater into one riser, which to pass through all the floors.

Next, your next chief Step - It is to choose the location of the local cleaning facility to which the pipeline from the house will be connected. We recommend that you remove septic tank not more than 5 m from home. Place it at the maximum distance from the well, from which you dial drinking water (distance minimum 30 m). Do not hind a cleaning station next to the fence of the neighbors (the distance at least 2 m). Additionally, take into account the fact that the septic is once twice a year will approach