Currently, modern construction of suburban housing is developing rapidly. Cottages, houses, villages are being built at a remote distance from industrial centers. Due to the fact that there are no centralized sewerage, heating networks and water supply systems nearby.

People who live in villages far from city amenities are trying to solve the issue of arranging their suburban housing on their own - they equip an autonomous sewage system with their own hands in a private house, cottage or in the country. To understand what is the best sewer system to buy and equip in the country, you need to understand what it is and what role it plays.

What it is?

The inhabitants of the metropolis are not worried about the question of where the wastewater disappears from the vent of the sewer system, in fact, and why should they bother themselves with such a question, pressed the button, the water flowed from the cistern, washed away the waste, and where did they go to them before that little business. But outside the city limits, things are completely different.

If wastewater is discharged into the terrain, it can turn into disastrous consequences. First of all, an unpleasant smell will hover throughout the site, then waterlogging will begin, the water in the well will become unfit for drinking.

In this case, you cannot do without a war with your neighbors, who will like to breathe an unbearable stench instead of fresh air, and of course they will certainly call the Sanitary Epidemiological Service, and that, in turn, will not only close your site, but you will also have to pay a fine.

To avoid such troubles, you need to equip an autonomous sewage system on the site with your own hands, which will process and divert water waste. Autonomous sewerage for a private house or summer cottage is an integral part of systems that perform the functions of drainage and water supply of a residential building.

The main role that it performs is the drainage of effluents that are formed as a result of the household and economic activities of people living in the house, the drainage of surface water, the removal of liquid and solid waste, which then undergo effective treatment in the sewer system.

The main purpose

The main purpose of the sewerage system is to efficiently drain wastewater that has formed as a result of our economic and domestic activities, in addition, it serves as a drainage of surface water, as well as solid and liquid waste, which are deeply treated.

For houses that are located far from the centralized sewerage system, the device of an autonomous sewerage system can be considered the only possible solution, thanks to which it will be possible to ensure a positive sanitary and epidemic result.

In the photo you can see a diagram of the device of an autonomous sewage system in a private house.

Varieties of autonomous sewerage

Based on what tasks the autonomous sewage systems will solve, they can be divided into several types:

• Household sewerage system.
• Storm sewer system.

Below we will talk in more detail about each of them, this will help you choose the most suitable option.

Storm autonomous sewerage system for a country house. The main purpose of this system is to drain rain and melt water from the site. The design of an autonomous stormwater drainage system is a system consisting of drainage and drainage pipes that are connected to special ladders and storage wells - places where water is discharged into the sewer system.

In the photo above, you can see the installation of a storm sewer system on the site.

Accumulative type wells, in addition to their main role, can serve as engineering and observation structures, and also perform treatment functions.

Household sewerage system. This type of sewer system requires a more complex treatment plant. The presence of organic inclusions in household waste, as well as the presence of biological and chemical. substances do not allow the discharge of domestic wastewater into a nearby ravine or river.

And now let's talk about what types of treatment facilities exist that are successfully used today to equip the local sewerage system of a country house, summer cottage or cottage.

To properly organize a local sewage system in the country or at home, watch the video presented here:

• Septic tanks

This type of sewage treatment plant is very often used if it is not possible to connect to a city sewage treatment plant. They are accumulative, hermetic, made of polymer-based materials, concrete, brick and even car tires. In the photo below you can see various types of septic tanks that you can do yourself quickly and inexpensively. You can also choose and install a ready-made septic tank in the country or at home.

This video shows how you can make a cesspool out of car tires:

In fact, a septic tank is an ordinary cesspool that requires constant pumping of wastewater and their removal. How often the pumping out of the pit will be carried out depends on the number of people living in the country house and how often they will use the plumbing.

Among the advantages of such a sewer system, it is worth highlighting the ease of installation, low price and long service life. As for the drawback, there is only one - it will be necessary to constantly resolve the issue of pumping out the waste water from the septic tank and disposing of it, which entails additional costs and considerable costs, because the price for such services is far from cheap.

There are more complex systems that provide for the possibility of several cleaning methods at once: sedimentation of organic inclusions and their subsequent crushing and decomposition. Cleaning with this method reaches almost one hundred percent.

It must be said that such autonomous sewage systems require a more serious approach to do-it-yourself installation on the site. Of course, the cost of installing such systems will be high, but you will have a good and highly efficient sewage system in your home.

• Two-tiered sedimentation tanks

The autonomous sewerage system of this type is very simple, but at the same time its work is very effective. Clarification of water waste is carried out by the method of gravity sedimentation.

To make it clearer, the work of the sewage system is as follows: when organic inclusions enter the system, they are delayed by obstacles that are made like a labyrinth, and due to the delay in the upper tier (obstacle), a mud crust gradually forms, then under its own weight it begins to settle to the bottom of the receiving compartment.

In the photo you can see a diagram of a two-tier sump device.

If you do not know how to make a sump, then a video will help you:

• Aeration tanks

Such a system is a container that is made of metal. The tanks are permeated by pipes with aerators and filled with colonies of microorganisms, under high pressure air is pumped through the pipes of the aerators, which saturates the drains, and these, in turn, form a favorable environment for aerobic bacteria that oxidize organic inclusions. Such an autonomous sewerage system in a country house provides the highest degree of purification.

In the photo you can see the aeration tank device.

• Biofilters

This type is not used as an autonomous sewage cleaning system in a country house. They are used for the final stage of cleaning organic impurities before the effluent is removed from city treatment facilities and powerful septic tanks, which serve several country houses, cottages or summer cottages at once. the sewerage system is a multilayer polymer sieve - the basis, in their cells the vital activity of colonies of aerobic microorganisms occurs.

The photo shows a diagram of the biofilter device.

In the photo you can see how the polymer sieves look like - the bases.

Judging by the reviews, this type of sewer system can be called the best, since it provides almost one hundred percent degree of purification.

Cesspool

This type of autonomous sewage system in a private house can be called the simplest and most inexpensive solution. Equipping a cesspool on your own is not particularly difficult.

Photo: cesspool made of concrete rings.

Advantages and disadvantages

Cesspool

Among the advantages of this type of autonomous sewage system for summer cottages, one should highlight:

• Minimum costs for the installation of the sewerage system.
• Low price and ease of use.

Flaws:

• The cesspool can receive a small amount of wastewater.
• The cost of a sewer truck (the price for pumping out can range from fifty to one hundred dollars, and sometimes more).
• The presence of unpleasant odors.

Septic tanks

Among the advantages of using septic tanks for a country house, they should be especially noted:

• Relatively low price for installation on the site.
• Using a septic tank does not harm the environment.
• The cleaning cycle is self-contained; no external intervention is needed.

The above list of the advantages of a septic tank is far from complete. Also, like any other sewerage system of a country house, its use has its drawbacks, the main of which are:

• Operating costs.
• Installation of additional equipment may be required.
• Low cleaning level.

Autonomous sewerage in a private house. The work of an autonomous sewage system in a country house is exactly the same as the work of a septic tank, only more efficient. Among the advantages are:

• The service life is fifty years, and with proper care it can last even more.
• Lack of unpleasant odors.
• The cleaning efficiency reaches up to ninety-eight percent.
• You will need to order a sewage truck only once a year.

Among the shortcomings, judging by the reviews of people from the minuses, one can note the high price for an autonomous sewage system for a private house.

In the photo you can see an autonomous sewerage device.

Photo: autonomous sewerage system.

Comparison of popular systems

Septic tank Triton

Septic tank Triton, it is also called. Its price is low, easy to use, almost never breaks during operation. Numerous reviews of people about a septic tank suggest that it is better to choose it for an autonomous sewage system in a private house in the event that there are small volumes of liquid waste.

It will work effectively if a small family of two lives in a private house. Otherwise, you will often have to pay for pumping out the septic tank, and the price for such services is rather big.

In the photo you can see what a sealed septic tank Triton looks like.

Two-chamber septic tank

This option does not require pumping out. The device of such an autonomous sewage system in a private house will be an excellent solution for a family of two to six people. It should be especially noted that the two-chamber septic tank requires almost no maintenance, cleaning can be carried out only once every two years. Among the advantages, one can single out the fact that the installation of an autonomous sewage system can be quickly and easily performed on your own in the country or next to a private house.

In the diagram above, you can see the device of a 2-chamber septic tank for a private house.

Septic Tank

This type of system has a simple, yet very reliable design. Despite the fact that it is equipped with two purification chambers for collecting wastewater, the waters come out slightly clarified, therefore, for better work, the installation of an infiltrator module is required, usually it is included in the kit.

In the photo you can see the factory septic tank Tank.

To better know what it is and how a septic tank works, you can read reviews of people who have dealt with such an autonomous sewage system in a private house, in the country, and only then decide whether it is suitable in your case or not. If we judge the operation of the septic tank Tank, then in terms of efficiency it can be compared with the septic tank Topas, which is widely used for installation in a house, cottage or in the country.

Septic tank Topas

Modern autonomous sewage system Topas for a private house or for a summer residence is an ideal solution, as it provides the highest degree of wastewater treatment. Due to the complex design, water purification is quite effective; such water can be safely poured into the ground or watered into the garden. As for the installation of an autonomous sewage system, it should be noted here that its installation is quick and easy.

Based on the reviews of people, such a system can be considered the best option for a device in a private house, because it does not have a single drawback, solid advantages. If you decide to choose this particular version of the sewer system, then carefully study its characteristics.

In the photo you can see the Topas septic tank installed in a private house.

Septic tank Tver

The photo shows a septic tank Tver for a private house.

Criteria for the right choice

If you do not know how to choose an autonomous sewage system for a private house, then in this case, ask for help from knowledgeable people or read people's reviews about this or that type of septic tank and only then proceed to choosing the model you need for your summer cottage. Important: when choosing an autonomous sewage system for a summer cottage, house or cottage, always remember that its installation is carried out not for one year, but for many decades.

The most important criterion when choosing an autonomous sewage system for a summer residence is a competent calculation of the load on a septic tank, for this it will be necessary to correctly determine the number of people who will live in a country house, for example, if you install an autonomous unilos sewage system for a family of two people, then you may be in big trouble if the number of tenants increases to four.

Also, a great role is played by the competent location of the sewerage system in the country (applies only to those treatment plants that will use infiltration fields for additional treatment of effluents). The installed storage septic tank should be located from a well with drinking water at a distance of at least thirty meters, and at a distance of at least five to six meters from the foundation of a summer cottage or a private house. If you cannot maintain such a distance, then you will face big problems, just read the reviews of people, and you yourself will understand everything.

During the installation of the storage well, it is also important to take into account in which direction the groundwater moves, the installation of an autonomous sewage system should be carried out downstream than a well with drinking water. If you live in an area where problems with electricity often appear, then it would be better to buy a septic tank model that will not depend on power supply.

In order to choose the right one or another model of a septic tank, read the reviews of people or ask a question to specialists, they will give you detailed information about the existing types of sewerage systems and help you with choosing the model of a storage septic tank you need for a summer residence.

Popular models

In order to radically solve the issue of contamination of the aquifer and the site at the dacha with wastewater, you can choose the Unilos sewage system and equip a storage well. It must be said that such an autonomous sewage system for a summer residence is considered the most versatile solution.

The fact is that the Unilos septic tank can provide ninety-eight percent wastewater treatment, which makes it possible to use such water for draining into the ground or for irrigating green spaces in the country or near the house.

For the device of an autonomous sewage system in a private house, the models of septic tanks Unilos of the Scarbey, Astra 5 or Cyclone series are ideal. These models of septic tanks can easily cope with the removal and processing of waste water, the volume of which ranges from 0.6 to 30 m3 per day. Judging by the reviews of people of these three models, the Astra 5 septic tank is the most popular, since it works much faster and more efficiently.

The photo above shows a diagram of the principle of operation of the Unilos septic tank in the country.

Before you buy a Unilos septic tank, first of all you need to decide the issue of choosing a model, their range on the market is quite extensive: from Astra 5 septic tanks and so on to Astra 150. The number designation at the end of the model name indicates the number of people that the model can serve, for example , the number 5 indicates that the septic tank model is designed for a family of five. By the way, it is this septic tank model, judging by numerous reviews, is the most attractive solution both in price and in power.

If your home has a lot of equipment whose work is related to water processing, and you do not know which model of the sewer system to choose - Unilos septic tank or some other, then read the reviews about them, this will help you choose a really good septic tank.

There are a lot of good reviews about the Astra 10 septic tank. The fact is that such a septic tank can easily purify a large volume of wastewater - it purifies up to 2 m3 of water per day and freely withstands the discharge of up to five hundred and fifty liters. This model is well suited for a private home with multiple bathrooms, showers or dishwashers.

The Topas septic tank is in no way inferior in popularity to the Unilos autonomous sewage system. The main role it performs is the accumulation of sewage, as well as their subsequent processing. A wide range of modifications of such equipment allows you to solve the issue of arranging a good sewage system not only for one family living in a private house, but also for a small village.

The photo shows the septic tank Topas.

Service

The purpose of maintaining the autonomous sewage network in a private house is not only to achieve uninterrupted operation of the sewer system, but also to prevent blockages in the storage system, as well as to prevent unpleasant situations, among which the breakthrough of pipeline systems is in the first place.

The main purpose of servicing the device of the sewer network is to thoroughly clean the sewer pipes, this makes it possible to significantly improve the throughput in them, also to increase the functioning of the system, thereby increasing the time of its operation.

During the maintenance of the sewer system, it is recommended to carry out diagnostics, this will allow you to get more accurate information about whether it is necessary to carry out preventive cleaning of the laid pipeline or whether there is a need to eliminate the resulting blockages in the sewer network and in the storage well, which may soon cause an emergency.

To understand how the service is carried out, we have presented a video for you, where you will be given useful tips:

Prices

Today, there is a huge selection of septic tanks on the market, the price of which can vary greatly, below we will talk about the cost of the most popular models.

• Septic Tank 1 is suitable for a family of two to three people. On the market, its cost is about eighteen thousand rubles (without an infiltrator, it will need to be bought separately). If you want to choose it for arranging the sewer network in the country, then based on the reviews, this is the most ideal option.
• Septic tank Topas, which has the same throughput capacity as Tank 1, will cost about seventy thousand rubles.
• Septic tank Tver1P has a cost of ninety thousand rubles. It must be said that the price for it is quite reasonable, because it provides such deep cleaning in a storage well that then the treated water can be discharged into a reservoir in which fish swim. Today, many people prefer to choose just this type of sewer system.

• Septic tank Astra 5. On the market its cost is about eighty-five thousand rubles.

To make it clearer for you how to choose and determine the price, a table will be presented below for you. In the Table, some names of septic tanks are designated AST (aster), TOP (topas).

Number of people living in the house	SEPTIC ASTRA		SEPTIC PELICAN		SEPTIC TOPAS		PRICE INSTALLATION
Two - three people	SEPTIC AST 3	69,000 thousand rubles.					From 18 to 19 thousand rubles.
Five persons.	SEPTIC AST 5	83 thousand rubles.	SEPTIC PELICAN 5	83 thousand rubles	SEPTIC TOP 5	85 thousand rubles	20 thousand rubles.
Eight people.	AST 8	105 thousand rubles	SEPTIC PELICAN 8	101 thousand rubles	SEPTIC TOP 8	107 thousand rubles	22 thousand rubles.
Ten people.	AST 10	127,000 thousand rubles.			SEPTIC TOP 10	134 thousand rubles	26 thousand rubles.
Fifteen people.	AST 15	163 thousand rubles	SEPTIC PELICAN 15	130 thousand rubles	SEPTIC TOP 15	170 thousand rubles	30 thousand rubles.
Twenty people.	AST 20	211 thousand rubles.			SEPTIC TOP 20	223 thousand rubles	35 thousand rubles.

Right selection of treatment facilities is a very important indicator in the work of the company and the formation of positive customer reviews about this company.

Discussion of details with the client is necessary for the most correct choice of the type of treatment plant, as well as the selection of the most suitable treatment technology. There are a number of questions, the answers to which will provide a complete picture of which autonomous or modern local sewerage necessary.

These questions are divided into groups:

1. Calculation of the volume of a treatment plant of a local or autonomous type

• you need to know the total flow volume per day
• runoff characteristics (gray waters, black waters)
• periods of residence
• periods of the greatest load (depending on the number of people living in the house at the same time)

2. water disposal.

• the presence of a slope in the territory
• the presence of elevation marks on the site in relation to the general state of the relief
• groundwater level at the site, mandatory accounting for the process of snow melting in autumn
• the height of groundwater underground at the highest and lowest points of the relief
• presence on the site drainage system(ditches, ditches, etc.)
• Availability stormwater collection facilities and cleaning it
• the composition of the soil, its filtration capacity should be determined

3. Sources of potable water and their sanitary zones

• it is necessary to clarify the presence of a well with drinking water or a water well on the site
• situational characteristics (being near the site of neighboring residential buildings)
• the presence of drinking water wells in neighboring areas
• finding a site near the water protection zone of a special-purpose reservoir
• it is necessary to clarify the spillway point

4. Technical characteristics of the object

• the depth at which the exit from the house of the sewer pipe is
• the presence of a riser with ventilation, the presence of an internal sewer system
• distance from the wall of the room to the approximate place of installation of the treatment equipment
• the presence of a constant supply of electricity
• the possibility of approaching the sewer truck to the distance required for pumping out.

Autonomous sewerage of a private house or Autonomous sewerage with your own hands.

In order to make a decision about a manufacturer of wastewater treatment equipment, the client needs to have knowledge that could help him navigate the market.

5. Manufacturer and brand

• manufacturer's performance potential and market feedback
• availability of distributors at different points
• availability of territories allocated for warehouses
• installation and maintenance services
• transportation services
• availability of stocks in warehouses and delivery times of equipment

6. Equipment specifications

• material
• design features
• strength characteristics
• modularity of construction
• universal complete set

7. Price

• value for money
• ratio of market price to manufacturer's prices

8. Warranties

• product warranty period
• warranty period for installation work

9. Maintenance and other services

• availability of services providing services in your area
• the presence of contract groups involved in the installation of equipment
• the possibility of consulting and implementing the process of drawing up the binding of treatment equipment directly in one of the company's offices

10. Differences from similar products on the market

• ease of use
• reliable work
• the ability to carry out maintenance yourself
• lack of sophisticated technologies in equipment
• high quality cleaning
• the possibility of various configurations depending on the characteristics of the object

1) Calculation of the volume and performance of a modern sewage system

1.1 Used as autonomous sewers or local sewers , sewage treatment plants must be installed only after accurate calculation of data on the number of people simultaneously living in the house, as well as the number and volume of plumbing fixtures. It is necessary to take into account the following factors: the average number of people living in a daily period, a possible increase in flow volumes due to the appearance of guests for calculating the reserve.
1.2 The volume of runoff sometimes changes when the characteristics of the composition of the wastewater change. To do this, you should understand the issues regarding separate drainage. Waste water is divided into gray water and black water. Black waters imply the presence of faecal effluent, which accounts for approximately 5 percent of the total wastewater composition in case of joint wastewater disposal. Gray water is the collection of wastewater from all kinds of plumbing fixtures, such as a bath, shower or sink.
1.3 Seasonality of residence is an important factor that must be taken into account in view of the fact that the full operation of the treatment plant depends on the continuous flow of wastewater. The runoff waters contain organic substances necessary for the implementation of the biological treatment process due to the work of microorganisms. Uneven runoff can disrupt the work of such organisms, which will lead to a decrease in the quality of the treatment process.
1.4 The size of the third chamber of the septic tank must be determined in advance so that peak loads do not disrupt the process of complete purification and do not wash out incompletely purified water along with a part of beneficial microorganisms.

Calculation of the volume of daily flow and the required volumes of treatment equipment for local or autonomous sewerage.
The volume of wastewater per day dictates the volume of treatment equipment. The calculation should be made on the basis of regulatory documents, in this case it is SNiP 2.04.03-85 Sewerage. External networks and facilities.
The calculation of the volume of water consumption per inhabitant is based on SNiP 2.04.01-85 Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings (Appendix 3 of the norms of water consumption by consumers)
The calculation of the volume of water consumption per inhabitant is based on the data given in SNiP 2.04.01-85 Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings. The average rate of 200 liters per person is taken as the average and used in the calculation. This rule includes all plumbing fixtures that a person can use.
The calculation of the required volumes of treatment equipment is carried out in strict accordance with the norms of SNiP 2.04.01-85 Sewerage. External networks and facilities.
The daily flow of wastewater determines the required volume of a septic tank for a country house: if the volume of wastewater does not exceed 5 cubic meters per day, then the volume of the septic tank should be 15 cubic meters (that is, three times more). With the volume of wastewater exceeding 5 cubic meters per day, the volume of the septic tank should be two and a half times the volume of the effluent. Such calculations are valid for at least one use of the cleaning equipment.
The volume of the septic tank can be reduced by 15-20 percent only if the average temperature of wastewater in winter exceeds 10 degrees, and the rate per person is more than 150 liters per day.

For example: five people live in a country house at the same time, therefore, 5 people. * 200 l = 1000 l / day. Therefore, the volume of the purification equipment should be 3000 liters (1000 * 3 = 3000). This tripling is necessary for the cleaning process, since the work of beneficial microorganisms is carried out for 3 days.
Calculations of the volumes of cleaning facilities at industrial enterprises, in campsites, hotels, hostels are carried out on the basis of the norms specified in SNiP 2.04.01-85.

2) Water diversion

During planning systems local sewers or modern autonomous sewers very important points should be clarified regarding the place where the purified water will get. These factors can seriously affect the packaging of your cleaning equipment.

2.1 The presence of a natural slope on the site allows you to use it when building systems water drainage
2.2 The general topography of the site can provide an indication of what will happen as a result of increased wastewater discharges, taking into account the water table and soil filtration capacity.
2.3 It is strictly forbidden to neglect the knowledge of information on the level of groundwater, since this factor is extremely important in the construction of treatment equipment. The water level can be determined by test drilling. After carrying out such an operation, a special document is issued that reflects the most important characteristics of the soil and a description of the soil layers.
The lack of information on groundwater can be compensated for by data on the building site by checking the following:
- the depth of the laid foundation of the house
- the presence of ditches, ravines, standing water on the base
- determine the direction of movement of water in the ditches (if any)

Failure to periodically change wastewater can lead to unpleasant odors. The three points above can provide information on the standing of groundwater, taking into account the seasonal change (snowfall and showers in spring). The level of water under the ground can radically change the drainage system and transform it from gravity to pressure, when water is discharged using a pump. In the case when the groundwater level exceeds the depth at which the outlet pipe of the treatment plant is laid, a sealed water intake well should be used to install a sewage pump with a float switch.

2.4 If the site is located at lower points of the relief, then the likelihood of seasonal and permanent flooding, as well as periodic full or partial waterlogging of the site, should be taken into account.

2.5 Artificial or natural systems drainage are pluses when considering sewerage equipment options. In this case, we can talk about ditches on the site, as well as other drainage systems of a larger scale. Such systems reduce the level of groundwater and thus facilitate the installation of equipment for the disposal of treated wastewater.

2.6 A well-equipped system for collecting and treating wastewater allows it to be used to remove wastewater that has been treated.

2.7 The composition of the soil and its filtration capacity are very important indicators in the selection of treatment equipment. Everything that was described in paragraph 2.3, as well as test drilling of wells and geological data must be strictly taken into account.
The constituents of the soil and its filtration capacity strongly affect the water drainage system, and therefore the required pipe length. sewers and the number of filtration wells.
There is a need to consider different options for water drainage:
- the dependence of the design of equipment for water purification on climate conditions, soil type, groundwater level, conditions for water discharge after purification, terrain, conditions for discharge of runoff water (with a sufficient level of purification)
A project for the construction of a treatment facility is developed taking into account a special reference to the facility; at the same time, a detailed study of the hydrogeological situation in the area of ​​possible placement, the presence of karst rocks, the level of protection of the underground aquifer, the height of groundwater, the ability of the soil to filter is obligatory.
Where it is impossible to drain wastewater after being in a septic tank according to sanitary standards, a filtration field should be installed, which is a system of drainage pipes laid in rubble on a sandy base. Water will pass through it and enter the layers of rubble for filtration, and then be absorbed into the soil. It is recommended to use a filter trench, a well for filtration, a filter with activated materials, UV lamps for disinfection.

Equipment for soil purification:

• soaking trench
• filtration well
• filtration trench or gravel-sand filter
• underground filtration field

They are installed on soils for filtration - sandy loam, sandy soils, and on soils that are not able to filter the runoff, provided that the groundwater level is more than 1 meter from the base of the well, drainage pipe tray or irrigation pipe tray. The equipment is equipped with ventilation risers with a diameter of 10 cm, and their height should be greater than the likely level of snow cover (usually 0.7 m). Ventilation should be installed at the end of each irrigation line and at the beginning of each drain pipe. Determination of the length of the irrigation system and the size of the well is based on the calculation of water consumption per 1 square meter of the surface for filtration (walls and bottom of the well) or per 1 square meter of the length of the irrigation pipe.

The method of water drainage should be selected depending on the filtration capacity of the water in the area.

The filter well is installed on soils for filtration (sandy loam, sands) with a filtering area of ​​1.5 square meters of sand or 3 square meters of sandy loam (per one resident of a country house). The larger the filtering area, the longer the service life of the well. The groundwater level should be 50 centimeters below the rubble layer and 1 meter below the base of the well. The filtration well is made of bricks, precast or monolithic reinforced concrete.

Absorption trench (pad)

Where drainage after being cleaned by a septic tank is not recommended according to sanitary standards, you can install an additional absorbent platform or make an absorbent trench, which is a pipeline route made of porous material. Water enters the soil and passes through a layer of soil ideal for beneficial bacteria to live. Trenches and absorption pads are used where sandy loam or sandy soils predominate - in this case, these systems are a pipeline or system of pipes for irrigation, installed at a depth of 0.6-0.9 meters, and 1 meter higher than the groundwater level. Systems irrigation is perforated pipes installed with a slope of 1 to 3 percent, which is 1-3 cm per 1 m of pipe. The pipes rest on a bed made of broken bricks, fine gravel, slag or crushed stone. A ventilation riser should be located at the end of each pipe, its height should be at least 0.7 m. Almost one hundred percent cleaning efficiency is achieved through the use of such additional cleaning systems.

Filtration trench
The filtration trench is installed where the soil has a low filtration capacity. It is a depression with drainage and irrigation pipe networks. Typically, these trenches are located near swamps, ditches or bodies of water. The water that has been purified in the filtration trench gets there by gravity. Crushed stone and sand should be filled in the space between the drainage and irrigation networks.

The sand and gravel filter resembles a filtration trench, in which drainage and irrigation pipes are located in parallel.

An underground filtration field or filtration trench is usually located along a natural slope in the terrain. 12 meters is the recommended limit for the length of a single drainage or irrigation network. The slope in the direction of water movement should be 1 percent (that is, 10 millimeters per 1 meter of pipe). When choosing the configuration of the field of underground filtration (linear, parallel, radial), one should take into account the general layout, size of the site, relief, plans for further landscaping or improvement.
Uniform distribution of wastewater when using several irrigation or drainage pipes is carried out by means of a distribution well.

Parallel pipes are usually made either in separate trenches, or in one wide trench, in which 2 or 3 lines of pipes for irrigation are installed (it is important to observe the distance between the axes). 1 or 2 drainage pipes are spaced under the irrigation pipes. The water that has passed the filtration process will subsequently be collected in pipes for drainage and discharged into a ditch or ravine, etc.

A post-treatment filter is a device that is used when there are increased requirements for the quality of waste water treatment. The material used as a filter can be crushed granite, sand, granulated blast furnace slag, gravel, anthracite, polymers or activated carbon.

Calculation of the length of pipes for irrigation (Extract. Sewerage. External networks and structures) SNiP 2.04.03.85

6.190. The total length of pipes for irrigation should be determined depending on the loads presented in table 49. The length of each of the sprinklers should not exceed 20 meters

Notes:

• load indicators are presented for those areas in which the average annual precipitation is up to 500 millimeters.
• with an average annual precipitation of 500 to 600 millimeters, the load values ​​need to be reduced by 10-20 percent, but if the average annual rate exceeds 600 millimeters, then it is recommended to reduce the load value by 20-30 percent. For climatic region I and IIIA subarea, the value decreases by 15 percent. The percentage reduction is greater when considering sandy soils, and less if the terrain consists mainly of sandy soils.
• coarse-grained bedding with a thickness of 20 to 50 centimeters assumes the use of coefficients 1.2-1.5 when considering the value of the load.
• with a specific drainage of more than 150 liters per person, the load values ​​increase by 20 percent. The same goes for plots with seasonal stays.
• Calculation of the approximate length of pipes for irrigation in underground fields for filtration in accordance with SNiP 2.04.03-85 “Sewerage. External structures ", taking into account the increase in the coefficient of coarse-grained bedding and the increase in load, if the drainage rate exceeds 150 liters per person.
• an area with precipitation of 70 millimeters
• the use of coarse-grained bedding with a layer of 20 to 50 centimeters (1.5 - coefficient)
• the specific drainage per person is 200 liters (the load is increased by 20 percent).

3) Water sources of drinking water and sanitary zones

3.1 Consideration of the issue regarding the installation of a sewer systems on the site assumes taking into account such a factor as the presence of a water well or a drinking well. In this case, it is necessary to determine the depth of water standing in the well and the depth of the well. Such information will make it possible to roughly determine the depth of the drinking water level in this area.

3.2 When considering the option for water drainage, it is necessary to take into account the availability of devices for water intake not only directly on the territory of the site, but also in the territories adjacent to it (neighbors, water protection zones). It is necessary to take into account the location of the site in the general scale of the given area, as well as determine the area of ​​the adjacent sites.

3.3 If the areas of neighbors are located close to the point of water drainage, then it is necessary to take into account the sanitary zones of the areas of neighbors, and also determine whether they have devices for the intake of drinking water.

3.4 If the site is located in a water protection zone of a fishery reservoir, then this implies additional restrictions on the use of wastewater treatment facilities, as well as their additional disinfection using special equipment. Chlorine cartridges, ultraviolet lamps, ozonation, etc. are used to carry out the disinfection process. At the design stage, all this is coordinated in the supervisory authorities in accordance with the existing scheme within the framework of regulatory documents.

3.5 When working on a project, the supervisory authorities agree on the type of treatment facility, its required parameters and quality characteristics of wastewater treatment. All of the above factors are carefully considered, sanitary zones are also identified, and the final wastewater discharge point is agreed. The most important thing when agreeing on the point of water discharge is taking into account the level of protection of the aquifer for drinking water.

4) Technical characteristics of the object.

4.1 Pre-design binding during development autonomous sewerage and the installation of treatment facilities, as well as site planning and installation schematics are the first step. By the time of choosing the type of treatment facility, it should be understood that the structure itself is not at all some kind of complete complex for water purification and that it requires the arrangement of engineering networks.
Tying the pipeline to the outlet of the funnel pipe from the house is the beginning of calculating the required depths. The pipeline should be laid on a sand bed with a slope of 2 to 3 percent per meter of pipeline. Such an inclination is responsible for ensuring the uniform movement of dense inclusions, for example, fecal discharge in the general flow of liquid substances, and also prevents the formation of any blockages.
The depth at which the fan pipe is laid is determined by building codes, taking into account the freezing depth characteristic of the area. You can use additional heating elements or heaters that are capable of maintaining temperatures from +2 to +5 degrees. The use of moisture-absorbing materials is necessary when installing a heater that could withstand soil loads. Such heaters include energoflex, thermoflex, extruded foam when insulating foundation structures. The thickness of such a heater depends on the depth of the pipeline.

4.2 Sanitary zones of 5 meters are required for septic tanks, which should be taken into account when planning the site before installing the treatment facility. If the distance increases, then the volume of work also increases, and the point of junction of the sewer pipe to the entrance of the cleaning structure and the point of exit from the structure for cleaning is deepened when using the gravity circuit. This factor is very important, because a slight increase in the depth of exit from the cleaning facility leads to additional difficulties in the arrangement. drainage systems ... If there is no possibility to drain purified drainage water from a considerable depth, then the circuit should be converted from gravity (gravity) to pressure, and, as a result, order a sewer pump and a well for receiving water in the kit. This factor is of great importance in the presence of a high level of groundwater, since a high level can lead to flooding of the treatment plant, making it impossible to use it.
If the exit from the cleaning facility is deeply deepened, the existing slope to the point of lowering the relief should be taken into account.

4.4 When installing a pressure circuit using a sewage pump, it is necessary to take into account the mandatory presence of a constant supply of electricity. The float switch on the pumping equipment carries out the processes of periodic switching on of the pump as a certain amount of wastewater accumulates and the wastewater is diverted to drainage systems .
Cleaning facilities are not 100 percent dependent on electricity, because the cleaning process itself uses technologies that do not require an energy supply. The use of electrically dependent devices is inevitable only when a pressure circuit is used. If there are power outages, then the treatment plant has a reserve part for accumulation (a well for receiving water and a biological filter chamber in the corresponding systems). The volumes of the reserve part of the well and the biological filter are 0.62 m / cubic-1.5 m / cubic meters, which allows residents to use plumbing in the house for quite a long time.

4.5 The dimensions of the site, taking into account the sanitary zones, must be considered when drawing up the installation diagram.

4.6 Periodic maintenance is essential for the correct operation of any type of treatment facility. Systems using a septic tank must be serviced once a year. With the use of additional bioferment additives, it increases the percentage of wastewater treatment, and also lengthens the period between servicing facilities for cleaning with a sewage machine up to three years.
Due to the fact that the length of the sewer truck hose is 7 meters, when planning the installation scheme for the cleaning facility in such a way that the machine can drive up to a distance of no more than 4-5 meters.
As a last resort, a transfer pump or sewage pump can be used to pump out the accumulated sludge. In this case, pumping is carried out into the tank of the machine or onto a heap for decomposition and subsequent use as fertilizer.
The use of the resulting humus without preliminary heat treatment is unacceptable due to the fact that it may contain pathogenic bacteria or helminth eggs.

5) Manufacturer

5.1 Due to the fact that the manufacture of this type of product is a difficult technological and production process, this fact should be taken into account when assessing the cost of such equipment and the durability of its operation. Therefore, it is worth excluding the consideration of the option of purchasing complex structures made by handicraft methods.
The purchase of equipment from firms that are not specialists in a particular field always leads to additional financial costs.

6) Equipment specifications

6.1 Some of our cleaning plants are made of fiberglass.
The scope of products made of composite materials based on fiberglass, when using different types of resins, is maximally expanded due to the strength of this material. The strength characteristics of fiberglass are comparable even to metal, and sometimes even surpass it in some indicators, such as corrosion and chemical resistance, specific gravity, etc. Thus, cleaning facilities made of fiberglass are much more convenient to use than equipment made of polyethylene or reinforced concrete.
In fact, polyethylene septic tanks are cheaper than fiberglass septic tanks, but they require special installation due to their low strength. In such a process, it is necessary to involve the installation of a special reinforced concrete box, which will significantly increase the cost of the equipment and its installation in total. Reinforced concrete has a number of significant drawbacks - it is very heavy, requires the obligatory use of special equipment for transportation and installation, it is also leaky and capable of passing water. Aggressive environments can destroy a reinforced concrete structure.

Therefore, fiberglass is one of the most optimal options, since it meets all the requirements for cleaning facilities. It is lightweight, strong, durable, and it is these qualities that must be considered when choosing canazation system for a country house.

7) Cost

7.1 The price of the products of our company takes the middle place in comparison with other manufacturers of purification equipment. It is safe to say that almost all systems Russian-made, made of polyethylene, cheaper than imported products. We have already explained what the advantages and disadvantages of polyethylene and fiberglass are.

8) Warranties

8.1 Trademarks Graf and Traidenis provide warranty obligations for treatment facilities - 10 for the underground part and 3 years for the blower, compressor.

8.2 The work carried out on the installation of cleaning equipment by the forces of any organization is guaranteed directly by this organization.

9) Service

9.1 Necessary consultations from our specialists are free of charge. The company provides the necessary support in the selection of the type of treatment plant, which takes place right at the company office, where they also provide all the necessary information regarding the treatment plant.

9.2 Our company also informs you about the existence of related organizations that carry out dealer activities, and also provides information about the presence of an authorized representative of the company in your area, who performs the entire list of services from the purchase of equipment to its installation.

You should be guided by the Product Passport, as well as the installation and operation manual when considering a possible arrangement in a country house autonomous sewerage .

Activated sludge - This is the sludge found in a biological treatment plant (aeration tank), which is formed from solid particles suspended in domestic wastewater. Various microorganisms (bacteria and protozoa) serve as the basis for activated sludge. The process consists in the decomposition of organic pollutants by bacteria, which in turn are eaten by the simplest single-celled organisms. Activated sludge is an accelerator of the wastewater treatment and oxidation process.

Anaerobic bacteria - These are microorganisms that can survive in an oxygen-free environment.

Aeration - This is the artificial saturation of the environment in water with air to oxidize organic matter in it. Aeration is the backbone of the biological wastewater treatment process in aeration tanks and biofilters, as well as in other treatment facilities.

Aerobic bacteria - These are microorganisms that require oxygen to function. Aerobic bacteria are divided into conditioned and unconditioned (the former can live at the expense of a small amount of oxygen, and the latter live without it at all - in this case, they receive oxygen from sulfates, nitrates, etc.). Denitrifying bacteria, for example, are conditional bacteria.

Aerotank (aero - air, tank - capacity) - This is a container for cleaning wastewater from organic pollution due to their oxidation by various kinds of microorganisms that are in the activated sludge. With the help of a pneumatic or mechanical aerator, air is introduced into the aeration tank, mixing the drainage water with activated sludge and saturating it with the oxygen necessary for the life of bacteria. Continuous supply of oxygen and strong saturation of wastewater with activated sludge provide a high degree of intensity of the oxidation of organic substances and allow a high degree of purification to be achieved.

Air filter - This is a device for biological wastewater treatment, which differs from a biofilter in that it has a larger filtration layer area, and also in that an air supply device is installed in it to ensure a high degree of oxidation intensity.

Biological wastewater treatment - This is one of the methods of removing harmful substances and microorganisms from industrial household wastewater, based on the inherent ability of microorganisms to use organic pollutants as food.

Biofilter - This is a device for artificial biological wastewater treatment, which is made in the form of a container with a double bottom and coarse-grained material for filtration inside (crushed stone, slag, expanded clay, gravel, etc.). Accumulations of microorganisms form a biofilm as a result of wastewater passing through the filter material. Microorganisms mineralize and oxidize organic matter.

Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) - This is the amount of oxygen that is required for the final decomposition of organic matter contained in the wastewater. An indicator of the degree of water pollution, which is characterized by the amount of oxygen spent for a specified time on the oxidation of pollutants (5 days - BOD 5), which are contained in one unit of water volume.

Nitrification - This is the purification of wastewater from ammonia nitrogen.
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) This is the amount of oxygen required for the final oxidation of wastewater.

10) Differences from analogs on the market

10.1 No difficulty in using. The installation and operation of Traidenis and GRAF purification plants does not imply special skills and technical knowledge.

10.2 The reliability of our purification systems is also ensured by the fact that purification is carried out using natural biological processes, and this is an indisputable advantage over systems that use complex technological solutions in their work.

10.3 Sewage machines carry out maintenance of sewage systems. With the help of a sewage pump or a transfer pump, it is possible to pump out if it is impossible for the machine to travel to the installation site of the cleaning facility.

10.4 There is no need for complex technological solutions due to the fact that the operation does not provide for the use of complex devices in the operation of the treatment facility and drainage systems purified waste water during water disposal.

10.5 Quality of waste water treatment:

Water diversion:

A septic tank that does not use bioenzymes (up to 50 percent). Service periods are after 1 year. Obligatory additional soil cleaning.
A septic tank that uses bioenzymes (up to 70 percent).

When considering the discharge of water into a closed drainage system or storm sewer, it should be borne in mind that systems , which are analogous to the systems of our company, do not have hydraulic locks or blockers in their design, without which only 35 percent of wastewater treatment is achieved. The lack of a stable water mirror does not allow such systems to use bioenzymes.

Discharge of treated standing water onto the relief is prohibited for all types of treatment facilities.

Systems additional treatment is a mandatory addition to any water treatment scheme when considering the option of water discharge in the area of ​​fishery purposes. For this, sand filters, physicochemical devices, reagents such as coagulants or flocculants, disinfection with UFO lamps, ozonation, and a chlorine cartridge are used.

Qualified employees of our company will help you make the right choice of the system autonomous sewerage and answer all your questions.

Modern autonomous private sewerage system for a country house, cottage or summer cottage. Selection, description, advice.

sewerage system in a private house | correct sewerage in a private house | heating plumbing sewerage | autonomous sewerage system for a country house | do-it-yourself autonomous sewerage | autonomous sewerage of a private house price | sewerage slope in a private house | septic tank installation for a country house | autonomous sewerage systems for cottages | suburban sewerage system | autonomous country house sewerage system | suburban sewerage scheme | cottage sewerage scheme | internal sewerage scheme for a private house | autonomous sewerage of a country house price | autonomous suburban sewerage | cottage sewerage project | sewerage cleaning system for cottages | rainwater drainage of the cottage
autonomous sewerage for summer cottages admin

In the absence of the possibility of connecting the house to the central sewerage system, the only option is an autonomous sewerage system in a private house - it is not too difficult to do it with your own hands, but to perform some work, if necessary, you can attract specialists and special equipment. The cost of the project as a whole and the time of its implementation depend on individual characteristics.

Waste disposal is one of the defining issues when choosing an autonomous sewage system. Comfort of living largely depends on the correct choice and efficiency of the treatment or storage facility.

In order to make it easier to compare the possible options, we will briefly list the features, advantages and disadvantages of each of them.

DIY constructions

Sealed cesspool, on the one hand, is a classic, on the other hand, this classic is increasingly giving way to more advanced and economical designs due to its main drawback - the need to periodically call a sewage machine to pump out the contents. Cleaning services are not only troublesome, but also inevitable costs. At the same time, during the construction phase, a cesspool is the cheapest option.

Self-built septic tanks depending on the design, they can significantly increase the time intervals between pumping out wastewater or make it possible to do without sewers altogether, limiting themselves to cleaning the structure once a year or even less often. Undoubtedly, you will have to buy materials for the construction of septic tanks with your own hands, but from an economic point of view, there are certain advantages:

• you can use used materials,
• the cost of materials is lower than that of a finished structure,
• there is no need to spend money on work (with the rare exception of the necessary use of lifting equipment).

Materials for the manufacture of tanks for self-construction can be:

• concrete rings,
• concrete (for flooded construction),
• brick,
• plastic large containers (eurocubes).

Ready-made solutions

Ready-made septic tanks can be volatile or self-contained. Requiring and not requiring pumping.

Among the options available on the market for sewage disposal equipment, there are two main categories.

1. Non-volatile factory septic tanks differ in their operational capabilities and, accordingly, in cost. The more efficiently a septic tank works (performance, degree of purification), the more it costs, however, the higher the level of comfort and less effort is required for maintenance.

In the photo there is an autonomous sewerage system based on a non-volatile septic tank with additional wastewater treatment in the filtration fields

2. Local treatment plants (VOCs) are rather expensive, but more efficient structures with the ability to treat wastewater with the removal of up to 98-99% of impurities and obtain water suitable for irrigation. Balanced systems and bioremediation methods used make VOCs safe and easy to use. The main disadvantage of VOCs is the high cost of equipment and the need for electricity consumption.

The most popular models of ready-made sewage treatment plants are:

• Tank,
• Unilos,
• Tver,
• Topas.

For an independent device of a sewage treatment plant, it may be useful for you if you decide to choose this material.

And about the construction of a brick septic tank is.

How to install a septic tank, as well as about its device, we told on this page

System design

An autonomous sewage system in a private house will work flawlessly only if, during its construction, all the nuances of operation are taken into account as much as possible, including:

• the average daily volume of water consumption (the volume of the tank must be at least three daily norms),
• number of drain points,
• terrain (it is better to place a sewage treatment plant or storage facility at the lowest point),
• the level of groundwater (the design of the tank and its operation must exclude the likelihood of their pollution),
• the location of key facilities on the site (there are sanitary standards that determine the minimum permissible distances to sources of drinking water, windows and doors of a residential building, fruit trees and a vegetable garden, a highway, etc.).

When designing an autonomous sewage system with your own hands, the scheme includes:

• external communications and treatment plant,
• internal piping and equipment,
• ventilation system.

In order for the developed system to fully comply with the operating conditions and not experience overloads, the following items are included in the project:

• the number of residents (including the separately counted number of possible seasonal visitors to the house of relatives),
• the possible number of guests simultaneously visiting the house for a short time,
• the number of points of water intake and their type (equipping them with one or another equipment),
• site layout (optimal if a diagram is attached indicating the linear dimensions, area, location of the house, outbuildings, sources of drinking water).

Sewerage system installation

In order to understand how to make an autonomous sewage system in a private house, you can consider the whole range of works, dividing it into separate blocks.

External communications

The external pipeline is the main line from the residential building to the wastewater collection or treatment site. An ideal option would be a straight line from one point to another, made with the necessary slope, however, it is far from always possible to lay the highway in this way.

In addition, it is possible to insert additional outlets into this line (drains from a shower, a bath, etc.). All bends and taps pose a potential risk of blockage, since solid impurities can become trapped on the pipe walls when the flow rate changes.

Concerning certain rules should be followed:

• To exclude sudden changes in the direction of flow of drains, which can cause blockages, oblique crosses and tees are used for installation, as well as bends with angles of 15, 30 and 45 degrees.
• All points of direction change and tie-ins are complemented by inspection chambers.

Another important point is selection of pipes for the outdoor system... It is possible to use products from:

• plastic,
• cast iron.

PVC plastic pipes for external sewage should be orange, and for internal - gray

When choosing, not only the cost is taken into account, but also the characteristics of the pipes.

• If a drain from a dishwasher and washing machine is brought into the sewer system, it is better not to use polymer materials that are sensitive to high temperatures, at least at the beginning of the line, where the drains have not yet cooled down.
• On sections laid under paths, sidewalks and, moreover, under the road, only the strongest cast-iron pipes are used for vehicles to enter the site.

There are other nuances that should be considered when deciding how to make an autonomous sewage system in a private house.

• Too high, as well as too low a flow rate can cause blockages, therefore it is important to ensure throughout the entire line stable slope 2%(2 cm drop in level for each meter of length).
• External communications are laid in trenches, the depth of which should be greater than the depth of soil freezing in the region).
• Communications need mandatory thermal insulation, if it is not possible to lay them below the level of soil freezing. When laying in a frost-resistant layer, additional protection can be dispensed with
• For the durability of the system, all pipes except plastic must also be protected from moisture.
• In addition to inspection wells in difficult places of the system, similar structures are installed along the entire length at the rate of 1 well for 10-15 meters of the mainline.

Internal system

Do-it-yourself internal autonomous sewage in a private house is made of polypropylene or PVC pipes. In this case, the temperature of the effluent and the susceptibility of the material must also be considered.

The diameter of the pipes is selected depending on the volume and type of wastewater at each point. For washbasins, a diameter of 50 mm is sufficient, and for toilets and common collectors - 110 mm. The amount of slope required for drains to run without delays and the formation of plugs depends on the diameter of the line: for pipes with a diameter of 50 mm, it is 3% (3 cm for each meter of length), and for pipes with a diameter of 110 mm - 2% (2 cm).

To prevent backflow when a blockage occurs it is recommended to install check valves(for each branch separately or common for the collector pipeline). When installing internal sewerage systems, also water traps are used or that can prevent unpleasant odors from entering the room from the sewer.

The most important element of the sewer system is the junction point of its internal and external components, the so-called outlet from the house, which is the transition of an in-house collector with a highway that transports wastewater to the septic tank.

• If the sewage system is arranged in an already built house, it is possible to install the outlet above the ground. In this case, high-quality thermal insulation is required to prevent freezing.
• Release through the foundation below the freezing level of the soil reduces the risk and is preferred. The possibility of drilling a hole for laying a pipe after the construction of a building is determined individually. It is best to arrange such an exit during the construction phase.
• The outlet pipe must pass through the wall with the installation of the sleeve which protects the exhaust pipe from damage and deformation. As a rule, a section of a pipe of a larger diameter (by 10-15 cm) acts as a sleeve, allowing the discharge pipe to be laid in it and protruding 10 cm beyond the foundation on both sides.
• When drilling a hole and installing a sleeve, it is important to consider the need for a slope of communications towards the septic tank. The position of the sleeve is able to determine the magnitude of this slope.

Sewer system ventilation

How the autonomous sewerage system of a private house works largely depends on efficiency. The latter is designed to normalize the pressure in the pipelines, which changes when the water is drained, and also to remove gases from the system. The presence of ventilation also allows you to extend the durability of the system, eliminating the possibility.

In addition, the timely flow of air into the rarefaction zone that occurs when the water is drained eliminates the possibility of its capture from the siphons, which is usually accompanied by unpleasant sounds. The classic solution is with the output of its free end to the roof.

During construction, certain requirements and features should be taken into account.

• The fan pipe should be located on the roof above the rest (chimney, house ventilation).
• The horizontal distance from the funnel to the nearest window or balcony must be at least 4 m.
• The optimum diameter of the drain pipe is 110 mm (the same as the diameter of the internal riser). On the one hand, it provides the necessary thrust, on the other hand, with such a value, the partial narrowing of the passage due to the formation of ice in frosty weather is not critical for the system.

The device of autonomous sewerage in a private house is increasingly complemented by that can replace or work with general ventilation. Diaphragm or stem structures respond to pressure changes. Depending on the model, the valves can only work on the air inlet or on the air inlet and outlet. The valves can be installed on a common pipeline or on the branches of individual plumbing facilities. It is often advisable to install such a device only on the outlet of the washing machine, since it is she who drains the water with a certain pressure, thereby dramatically changing the pressure in the pipeline.

Comfort and coziness always accompany a person in his life. This applies to absolutely everything, including country houses, where it is somewhat more difficult to achieve what you want. But electricity is supplied, a well is drilled or a well for drinking water is dug, and the level of comfort begins to rise. But in order to reach the required level, the house should be equipped with an autonomous sewage system.

What to choose from

Before starting work on the installation of the sewer system in the house, you should carefully study the available options for autonomous cleaning devices. The choice is made between self-built tanks and ready-made factory tanks, equipped with all the necessary equipment.

The first option has an undeniable plus in comparison with the second, namely the cost. Using affordable and inexpensive building materials, the owner of a private house can equip a mini sewage treatment plant. But this will take quite a long time, which is somewhat inconvenient when it is necessary to use the sewer now.

But the factory options are installed quickly, which means that the start-up of the system and comfortable living will take place soon enough. The disadvantage of ready-made structures is their cost and the need to use special equipment to lower the tank to the bottom of the pit. Therefore, each of the options continues to be popular with certain groups of consumers who have the means or time.

A ready-made septic tank is more expensive, but more reliable and easier to install

What to look for

The best way to get comfortable living conditions in rural areas is an autonomous sewage system in a private house, before choosing which one should count future residents. And this is quite important, since an error in calculations can even lead to a local environmental disaster.

The more guests there are in the house, the more often they use the plumbing, which in turn increases the amount of liquid that accumulates in the settling wells. But that's not all. An important role is played by the soil on which the household is located, or rather the groundwater in it. If they are high enough, then it will not work to place a simple sump, as it will poison all sources of drinking water within a radius of at least 50 meters.

Based on the data received, it is worth choosing a solution for the future autonomous sewage system.

Autonomous sewerage system with low groundwater levels

If the groundwater is located low enough, then the choice of options for installing an autonomous sewage system is quite wide. Independent solutions can be used here, based on the use of concrete rings or waterproof bricks, septic tanks and deep cleaning stations.

The construction of wells, where sewage sludge will be produced with subsequent filtration through the soil, requires skill and time. In this option, the owner of the site will have to do everything, which not everyone can do. The wastewater treatment system consists in settling the incoming liquid in the primary well, and then sending the clarified water to the filter tank.

Sand, gravel and soil, which contain microorganisms that feed on organic matter, act as a natural cleaner. In some cases, a third well is allowed, which is intermediate between the primary sedimentation tank and the soil filter. Aerobic or anaerobic bacteria are placed in this tank, carrying out work on the processing of organic substances remaining after settling. But often they do not have enough "power" and the intermediate well does not work efficiently.

Wastewater treatment followed by filtration through the soil

The well, where the wastewater settles, must be regularly pumped out in order to remove solid deposits. The frequency of service can be up to once a month if there are a large number of guests in the house. The option with two tanks is suitable for a house used as a summer cottage, while with a small consumption of water resources.

The septic tank is already a more efficient structure. This cleaning method can be built on your own or purchased off-the-shelf. In the first case, the system will resemble settling wells, but the difference is that the second well must necessarily have a bottom. But the water that collects in it should be removed to the aeration field, having previously passed through a biofilter.

As with the settling wells option, the first tank requires regular maintenance. But on the other hand, the system itself allows a fairly large number of people to live in the house, which attracts the owners. If the low cost of the entire structure is tied to this, then the option will be almost optimal. Not a big disadvantage can be considered the aeration field, which occupies a fairly large area.

Sewage concrete sump must be maintained regularly

Deep cleaning stations

The third option is deep cleaning stations. These ready-made structures are compactly located in the ground, releasing only inspection hatches and ventilation pipes to the surface. The station is capable of processing over 10 m 3 of wastewater per day. The work of this system is based on the action of aerobic bacteria, which consume all the available organic matter. At the exit from the station, the liquid passes through a biofilter, where all substances that are not touched by microorganisms remain.

But the disadvantage of these devices is their cost, as well as the need for additional costs for electricity. It is required to operate ventilation, forcibly supplying fresh air to the inside of the tank. This ensures a stable supply of oxygen for the life of microorganisms. In addition, when using a deep cleaning station, you should take care of a backup power source, which, in the event of a power outage, will keep the ventilation in working order. Otherwise, microorganisms will not be able to act.

Where is the purified water discharged to? Directly into the street, more precisely into the storm ditch, located along the street. This approach does not require a large area for the construction of an aeration field, especially since this is not necessary, since the liquid has a high degree of purification and can be used for watering or washing vehicles.

Deep biological treatment station for home

Autonomous sewerage system with high groundwater levels

But the terrain is not the same everywhere, and therefore the above listed options may not be suitable for other areas. For example, when the water table is high, even the house itself is built on a pile foundation. What kind of autonomous sewage system to choose for a private house in this case? For such difficult conditions, there is only one option, which is an airtight reservoir for collecting house waste.

It is not possible to use settling wells or septic tanks with an aeration field. The reason for this is the mixing of waste liquid with groundwater, which will inevitably lead to the poisoning of the latter. But a sealed container made of plastic, steel or similar materials will allow you to get such familiar urban comfort.

Sealed plastic septic tank - ideal solution for high groundwater

This option also has disadvantages. The main among them is the frequency of waste pumping. Even a very large capacity will not be able to take in drains for a long time if at least 4 people are regularly in the residential building, using all household appliances and plumbing fixtures. It will be quite expensive to order a cesspool machine every two weeks.

Among the disadvantages is the mandatory insulation of sewer pipes suitable for the reservoir.

If this is not done, then in winter frosty air will penetrate into the tank through the ventilation pipe and the water will be covered with a crust of ice. This, in turn, will be able to clog the pipeline and wastewater will begin to accumulate in it. And with severe freezing, pipe rupture is possible.

Where to install sewage facilities

This question is asked by many people for whom the concept of ecology is not an empty phrase. There are certain rules governing the location of wells and aeration fields. According to them, a sump or septic tank cannot be installed closer than 5 meters from the house. At the same time, the filtering tank should be no closer than 8 meters from the residential building.

But it is better to place the source of drinking water even further, 50 meters from the nearest sewer point. If the site has a slope, then all sedimentation tanks should be located only in the lower part, otherwise all the earth and water can be poisoned. The aeration field should be removed further from the areas used. But it is allowed to be placed under lawns where vegetables or berries are not planted.

Modern aeration fields are based on the use of rubble, geotextiles and a water-tight cover. But with a large amount of treated wastewater, no less purified water will be discharged, which over time can lead to waterlogging of the area. An alternative option is a deck, from which the liquid is sent to a storm ditch.

Installation of a septic tank is possible five meters from the house

Is it worth installing an autonomous sewage system yourself

There is no definite answer to this question. And not because homeowners will not be able to do the job well. When using simple sedimentation tanks, self-installation saves significant funds, and the process itself will be performed competently and correctly. But when it comes to complex devices, then risk-taking is not worth it.

Deep cleaning stations are high-tech structures, where not only microorganisms are present, but also electrical equipment. And if it does not function effectively, then the entire expensive reservoir will become useless.

Maintenance of complex systems also depends on pre-installation. Not every company will carry out regular work if the device was installed by workers of another company or by the owner himself. They cannot guarantee uninterrupted operation under these conditions.

Autonomous sewerage in a private house is a completely independent system. For its effective work, you should adhere to many rules during installation work. The type of installed autonomous sewage system is selected depending on the needs of the residents of the house and the situation on the site. If you choose the wrong system, there is a good chance that it will not work properly.

The main elements of the sewerage system

An autonomous sewerage system for a summer residence or a private house consists of the following elements:

• inner part. It is located in the house and is designed to collect wastewater from all existing plumbing fixtures;
• outer part. It is located outside the home and is intended for transporting waste to the place of accumulation;
• container for collection, filtration, waste disposal. It can be made independently from bricks, reinforced concrete and other materials, or formed from ready-made tanks.

How to choose the right autonomous sewerage system?

How to choose an autonomous sewage system in a private house so that it works efficiently? It is recommended to pay attention to the following factors:

• how much waste is generated by the house per day. The number of drains depends on the number of residents, the type of connected plumbing fixtures (toilet, washbasin, shower, pool). The larger the volume of waste, the higher the requirements for an autonomous sewage system to be equipped;
• geological situation at the site. Before installing the sewage system, it is necessary to take into account the level of occurrence of groundwater, the standard depth of soil freezing;
• site dimensions and terrain.

Cesspool is the cheapest way to build a sewer system

What kind of sewer system works best in a country house? Many people choose a cesspool because there is no need to spend a lot of resources to equip it. Structurally, it is a sealed container (sometimes without a bottom), where sewage waste flows down the collector.

This system is located inside the pit, and the pipeline from the house is laid at a depth that is below the level of freezing of soils.

Installation of an autonomous sewage system of this type is carried out using the following materials:

• brick. For the construction of a cesspool, it is better to choose a ceramic type of material that is capable of not collapsing for a long time when exposed to negative environmental factors;
• prefabricated reinforced concrete rings. It is best to use special construction equipment for their installation. You should also carefully seal the joints between the rings to prevent fluid from seeping through the walls;
• reservoir, formed from monolithic reinforced concrete. It is made using formwork, where the reinforcement is installed and the concrete is poured. To protect the container from the harmful effects of moisture, waterproofing is applied to its walls;
• plastic container. Works well in all conditions, as it is made of material that is resistant to aggressive effects of water and chemicals. Such a container is lightweight, so its installation is not difficult.

The disadvantages of such an autonomous sewage system for a country house include the fact that it is not able to cope with a large volume of drains. It is intended for a summer residence where people live temporarily. It is forbidden to install a cesspool in an area with a high groundwater level. Also, when arranging the sewage system, one must not forget about sanitary standards. A cesspool should be located at a distance of at least 10 m from the water supply system, and 20 m from drinking wells.

Septic tanks are a worthy alternative to a cesspool

The purpose of the septic tank is to clean domestic wastewater from various contaminants. It consists of several reservoirs where relatively clean water is separated from solid impurities. In this case, the resulting liquid requires additional treatment, which is carried out using various filtration systems.

Septic tank with a filtration well

In such a septic tank, the collected household waste goes into a sealed container, where solid particles settle to the bottom, and fat floats to the surface. With a large volume of wastewater, several sedimentation tanks are installed. In this case, the liquid is sequentially poured from one reservoir to the second.

At the level of 2/3 of the height of the sump, a connecting manifold is installed, through which the treated waste enters the filtration well. Its bottom is formed from a layer of sand and gravel. This allows you to finally clean up the waste and clean water seeps into the soil. To get rid of the unpleasant odor, special anaerobic bacteria are added to the first container. They break down waste into substances that are considered safe for the environment.

The disadvantages of sewage from septic tanks with a filtration well include:

• it is forbidden to use with a high level of groundwater;
• household wastewater is slightly cleaned;
• the septic tank is cleaned every six months;
• the gravel-sand cushion is replaced every five years.

Septic tank in a clay area

Septic tank with filtration field

An autonomous sewerage system for a house with a filtration field is a complex system. The collected waste goes to the settling tank, which consists of several chambers. They are the primary purification of wastewater from solid sediment. The clarified liquid gradually passes into the distribution well, after which it is distributed through pipes with small holes over the filtration field. It occupies a large area, which allows it to completely absorb all existing liquid.

The disadvantages of such a sewage system include:

• the filtration field must occupy an area of ​​at least 30 square meters. m;
• high price;
• costly reconstruction is required every 10 years.

Septic tank with infiltration

A septic tank with infiltration is similar in principle to a sewerage system with a filtration field. Its advantage is the absence of the need to allocate a large area on the site for treatment facilities. From the pre-treated effluents, they enter the infiltrator, where they are absorbed into the soil through a layer of gravel. This sewerage system does a better job of treating wastewater, but not perfect. The area where the infiltration is located can only be used for a lawn.

Autonomous equipment for sewage treatment

Installing an autonomous sewage system is a laborious and responsible job. Therefore, many for the device of this system choose ready-made purification plants.

Topas

If we choose for the sewerage device (reviews about this equipment are only good), we can count on a high degree of wastewater treatment - 98-99%. This model is volatile. It provides a two-stage waste treatment. First, they enter the storage tank, where the solid particles are separated. In the second tank, the wastewater is decomposed by anaerobic microorganisms. Removal of the purified liquid is carried out by gravity or forcibly using a drainage pump;

Tank

The body of the biological waste treatment station is made of durable plastic with a thickness of 1-1.7 cm. To increase the rigidity, the container is equipped with special ribs. They protect the unit from destruction in the presence of heavy loads from the soil.

The tank has a high neck, so it can be placed at any depth. The principle of operation of the station is to settle and filter waste, which are subsequently purified using anaerobic microorganisms;

Unilos Astra

A high degree of waste purification is ensured by the use of mechanical and biological methods. The equipment is designed in such a way that it is not afraid of power outages.

If necessary, the accumulated sludge can be removed manually. By the principle of operation and structure, this model resembles Topaz, but its cost is an order of magnitude lower;

Tver

The model belongs to the category of volatile. Here there is the possibility of installing the compressor separately from the septic tank. Most often it is installed in the basement, which is very comfortable.

The disadvantages of the model include a low degree of purification - 90%. Its body is made of thin plastic, which is convenient for installation, but can cause the spring ascent of the sewer station to the ground surface. To eliminate this disadvantage, manufacturers recommend installing the enclosure on a concrete slab.

Triton

The Triton cleaning station is presented in several models, each of which has a different performance. Mini-units cope with a sewage volume of 250 l / day, which is important for the sewerage of summer cottages. For a country house, it is better to choose equipment with a capacity of 600-2000 l / day. The Triton station is made of durable plastic, which prevents seepage into the soil. After cleaning in the sewage system, the liquid enters the infiltrator or the filtration field.

Aqua-Bio

Aqua-Bio provides multi-stage waste treatment in a housing divided into five chambers. In the first three reservoirs, solid impurities are removed from the effluent, and in the next ones, they are decomposed by anaerobic microorganisms.

The cleaning efficiency is 98-99%. Depending on the model, the productivity of the equipment ranges from 600 to 1300 l / day.