Roofs of country houses of a variety. Types of roofing roofs of private houses

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The roof is the most important element country house. Modern construction involves the use of various types of roofs. It is they who determine the appearance of a country house.

Apart from original design The roof must be secure. Its function is to protect the house from rain, snow and hot sun. The presence of a reliable roof - will allow you to say about comfortable living in the House. Our article will tell you how to compose. But first you need to get acquainted with the forms of roofs and their functionality. Today you can find a wide variety of roofs, which we will consider.

Project options

Roof types:

• pitched roofs;
• flat roofs.

However, a serious drawback is the lack of design value. In other words, they do not add new features to overall design Houses. Everything that is located on a flat roof can only be seen on the same level with it or a little higher. Thus, in our country, flat roof shapes are not so popular. This is due to the reasons described above.

Attention: The slope of a pitched roof usually exceeds 10 degrees. This is perhaps the main difference from a flat roof.

Roof project of a private house - advantages of pitched roofs

• good self-cleaning from precipitation;
• reliability;
• the possibility of placing an attic space or attic;
• unlimited freedom of the designer's imagination.

Flaws:

• high costs for construction due to the need to increase the amount of materials;
• complex truss system (presence of certain knowledge);
• difficult repair process.

Next, consider the options for the roof of a private house

1. Shed roof - the simplest and lightest. It is a flat structure that rests on external walls of varying heights. Such a roof is not distinguished by pretentiousness or design sophistication. Therefore, it can be found on the outbuildings of the terrace, warehouses, garage structures, verandas and other premises. However, such roofs can be located on small houses. Advantages - simplicity and low cost of construction. Disadvantages - the inability to equip the attic or attic. Shed roofs are also less aesthetic. See also: "".
2. The gable roof of a private house can be found on almost all country-type houses. Such a roof received a second name - gable. A kind of classic version with two slopes. A ridge is used to connect them to each other. By symmetry, the slopes can be either the same or different in length and angle of inclination. A similar roof shape for private houses allows you to equip attic space or attic. At the same time, you can do it in original style. Two slopes make it possible to consider the roof as the most practical, due to its simplicity. However, the functionality is in no way inferior to analogues. Gables - these are parts of the outer walls that limit the attic space from the ends of the roof.
   

   
   

3. If instead of gables the roof has two triangular slopes, then it is called - hip (read also: ""). Accordingly, triangular slopes are hips. Such samples of roofs of private houses have a more complex structure. Compilation is recommended to be entrusted to specialists. Because the hip rafter system is beyond the power of one person without training. The hip roof includes those located at the top of the triangular slopes. Hip roofs are quite resistant to wind gusts and leaks during heavy rainfall.
4. An intermediate option between a gable and a hip roof is a half-hip roof. Here, the end gables are made in the form of a trapezoid, and are covered with half-hips (small slopes in the form of triangles) on top. In this case, you can install any window in the gable. Half hips are wind resistant. It is also a modern architectural style in construction.
5. The second version of the semi-hipped roof is the overlapping of the lower part of the pediment with a slope. In this case, the remaining part of the pediment has the shape of a triangle. Here is the dormer window. The half-hip has the shape of a trapezoid. Thanks to this, such a roof is distinguished by a peculiar design approach.
6. A variation of the hip roof is the hipped roof. It has four or more triangular slopes. They all converge at the top at a single common point. Here you will not see the usual ridge element. The entire roof - for all B there is no ridge. The design of the roof of a private house involves the use of only symmetrical forms. Examples of structures with a hipped roof are gazebos and turrets in the structures of other buildings. Hip roofs are resistant to strong winds and are also a design element.
   

   
   

7. Polygonal shapes are not uncommon for complex roofs, which are also called multi-forceps. Such roofs have a multi-level truss system. Of course, its construction is only possible for highly qualified roofers. Thanks to the many skates, valleys and ribs, it is unique in its own way.
8. The next variety is the sloping roof of the house. Its other name is a mansard type roof. It is ideal for the construction of attics. Thanks to the break in the angle of inclination of the slopes, the roof allows you to use the entire area of ​​​​the attic level (read: "").
9. Not so often, but still there are domed or conical roofs in private houses. This is a kind of round end shape of the building. At the same time, the dome (cone) does not cover the entire building as a whole, but only some elements. They, in this regard, are verandas and turrets of various shapes.
10. Combined roofs are the most complex in structure. This is a kind of symbiosis of multi-gable, hip, half-hip and hipped roofs. Cottages have such roofs. Design complex shape, which has several residential levels, open and closed verandas, many dormer and ceiling windows, covered balconies and other architectural elements. All this makes it possible to talk about the unusual and modern design. However, designing the roof of a private house of this kind is a rather difficult moment.

Attention: The more elements the roof has, the more difficult it is. This means it is less reliable.

Valleys, gutters and "aprons" are snow collectors. This increases the chance of roof damage.

Only high-quality materials will help to increase the reliability of complex combined roofs. Moreover, they should be, if not branded, then at least well-known firms. It is important to properly equip truss system, waterproofing and thermal insulation of the roof. But remember that this will automatically be included in the total cost of the roof.

An important point is the lighting of attic and attic spaces under the roof. Laying wiring on the roof in a private house is carried out in two versions: open and closed. The closed version is recommended for use in the attic. The attic can be equipped differently, since aesthetic requirements do not play a role here.

We hope that our article will help you deal with the types of roofs. Additionally, having familiarized yourself with photo and video materials on this topic, you can make a choice in favor of one or another option.

Simple gable roof or complex combined roof- not that important. Architectural nuances also fade into the background - the main thing is that the roof retains the warmth and comfort of a country house.

Many people want to have their own country house, where they can go for the weekend and take a break from the bustle of the city. You need to start building with a draft. but Special attention should be given to creating a plan for the roof of the building.

Roof design

Roof projects today are created using special computer programs. If there is no experience in such a matter, it is recommended to use the services of qualified architects, most of whom are able to offer ready-made options roofs of private buildings. Suitable option should be chosen based on personal preference.

In the case of self-development of a roof construction plan, it is important to know its structure, as well as what materials should be used in a particular case. It is important to understand why each detail of the roof is needed. If there is no knowledge of the roof device, a high-quality project cannot be drawn up. The main elements of the roof include the following:

1. Lathing. Insulation material and roofing are attached to this part. The crate is attached to the rafter supports.

   The crate serves as the basis for fixing the insulation and roofing material

2. Internal supports. They are installed so that the load from the roof can be distributed equally over the entire structure of the building.
3. Skate ride. Rafters will be attached to this part. It is a long, often composite, large-section beam.

   

   The ridge run sets the upper boundary of the roof and forms the junction of two slopes

4. Rafter. They form the frame of the roof and are the basis for the crate. May be layered or hanging type. If you plan to make a project with hanging rafters, then two extreme supports should be used as the basis for them. Elements can work in bending and compression. hanging rafters used mainly for attic buildings. Rafter legs of a layered type should rest on both extreme points of the supporting parts and on several internal ones. Elements can work exclusively in bending.

   

   Slanted rafters are mounted if the house has a major partition

5. Diagonal links. With their help, rafters and Mauerlat are fastened. Also called braces.
6. Mauerlat. These are special slats that are laid along the lower perimeter of the structure. The rafter system will rely on them. Mounted flush with the wall. Elements should be carefully waterproofed from the side of the wall.

   

   Mauerlat is laid along the upper end of the walls and serves as a link between the building frame and the roofing system

7. Roofing material. The outer part of the roof, which performs a decorative function and protects the building from atmospheric influences.

   

   The roofing material is the finishing coating for which the entire roof frame is assembled.

Details are fastened together with small pins, which are called ruffs. In addition, support niches are cut out under the rafter legs in some cases, which are fastened with steel wire about 4–6 mm thick.

To build a rafter system, high-quality wood should be used. Sometimes you can meet metal constructions, however wood is more available material. For rafter supports, a beam from 40x150 mm to 100x250 mm is used. The choice of material sizes will depend on the distance between the supports, the design load and the design features of the roof. The cross section of the rafters is determined based on their length.

Table: roof material parameters

Roof forms

In individual construction, there are several forms of roof:

1. Flat roof. Such a design becomes profitable if an attic space is planned under it, and not a full-fledged attic. It can be warm: since the slope is minimal, it is possible to lay a large number of insulating material. The roof can be used for buildings of any configuration, even one in which the pitched roof seems broken and bulky. A flat roof is often made exploitable. Additional space for relaxation can be organized on it. However, the design of such a roof should provide for the installation of a snowmelt system that will prevent the accumulation of snow and ice in large quantities. The design is not popular in Russia, so few companies are able to competently draft such a roof.

   

   Flat roofs are often made exploitable: gardens, greenhouses, recreation areas and even parking lots are arranged on them.

2. Roof with one slope. This design is the easiest to make. It is suitable for buildings with a span of 6-7 m.. The direction of the slope to the north will allow you to create windows of large width from the southern part of the facade. To the south, it is recommended to arrange solar collectors around the base of the roof. This type of construction allows the use of sheet roofing materials. large sizes. A roof with one slope is suitable for both a large building and small buildings - garages or verandas. The project can provide for the presence of several structures with a single slope, which are combined into a single structure and have slopes in different directions. The slope should be small so that there is no need to build walls too high.

   

   When constructing a shed roof, there is always a compromise: the angle of inclination cannot be made too large so as not to build a very high front wall, but it must ensure the free discharge of precipitation

3. Roof with two slopes. This design is the most popular and affordable. The roof ideally covers any structure, forming a superstructure of a triangular shape. It is recommended to choose a gable roof if you want to arrange an attic room. Windows that are placed in the gables will be able to provide the proper level of ventilation and illumination. For an attic room, a modified variation of a gable roof is quite often used - a broken structure, which has a steeper slope of the lower part (70–80 ° compared to the upper 28–30 °). This makes it possible to significantly increase the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe attic. The roof with two slopes also includes a vaulted building, which is carried out in a circle. This type of roof is able to decorate the protruding parts of the building.

   

   The gable roof allows you to equip the attic space

4. Half hipped roof. This option is reliable and cost effective. financial terms. The attic can be ventilated and illuminated with the help of windows in the gables. Half-hip roofs are classified as a type of building with two slopes.

   

   In the semi-hipped roof structure there are gables, with the help of which the attic can be illuminated and ventilated

5. Hip roof. It has good resistance to wind loads. Quite often, this roof design is used to cover buildings of a significant area and improve their appearance. This is a complex product, in which there must be auditory and skylights. They provide the necessary level of lighting and ventilation.

   

   In the hip roof must be present dormers and skylights

6. Shed roof. This is a subspecies of the hip type roof. It is suitable only for square-shaped buildings - towers and arbors.

   

   The hipped roof is only suitable for square-shaped buildings

7. Broken hip roof. It combines the useful properties of two systems - a broken line and a hip. It is advisable to build it if you plan to build a large presentable house. The design is quite difficult to implement. Its main advantages include the ability to profitably dispose of the usable attic area and excellent appearance.

   

   Sloping hip roof suitable for large private houses

In the process of drawing up a project, it is necessary to take into account the material from which the roof is made. On the this moment On sale you can find many varieties of roofing:

• iron;
• cement-sand tiles;
• slate;
• reeds, straw or reeds;
• wooden shingle;
• metal tile;
• ruberoid;
• metal profile.

How to determine the slope of the roof

The type of roofing material affects the slope of the structure. To simplify the calculation, you can apply a special scheme that makes it possible to select the roof material based on its slope.

The slope of the roof depends on many factors, including the coating material.

If the slope is from 0 to 25%, then materials in rolls can be used to cover the roof. If the angle of inclination is in the range of 12–25%, then installation of one layer is allowed, for example, material with additional filling. On roofs with a slope of less than 28%, it is possible to lay corrugated sheets of asbestos cement. Slate is the best. If the angle of inclination is more than 33%, then tiles are often used.

When the angle of inclination of the roof and the material for overlapping the structure are determined, it is required to calculate the height of the ridge. For this, it is applied mathematical method: you need to take the width of the span of the building and divide it by 2. The result is multiplied by the relative indicator, which is taken from the table.

Table: dependence of the relative indicator on the slope of the roof

For example, with a span of 8 m and a slope of 25 °, the height of the ridge will be 8/2 x 0.47 = 1.88 m.

In the process of drawing up a roof project, it is important to consider the following rules:

1. The calculated wind load is 35 kg/m 2 . If the slope of the rafters is more than 30 °, then an auxiliary structure should be equipped in order to increase the resistance.
2. The calculated snow load will depend on the slope of the slope. If it is less than 60 °, then it will be at least 180 kg / m 3. If the slope is greater, then the load is most often not taken into account.
3. To strengthen the structure, the use of iron elements is allowed. To protect them from moisture, rust or condensation, they should be treated with special means.

Large house roof design

If you plan to build private house large area, it is not recommended to use a shed roof. If there is still a desire to make it, several shed roofs should be provided. They will need to be combined and placed at an angle in different directions. If there is no desire to build high walls, then the roof should not have a large slope.

From an aesthetic point of view, the best solution is to use a hipped sloping roof. It must provide for the presence of dormer and dormers so that the roof can be ventilated.

If it is planned to make a hip sloping roof, then you should take care of the installation of dormer windows

In such a structure, one can attic floor, which will add to the building usable area. When placing a dormer window, care must be taken to:

• the angle of inclination of the roof was more than 35°;
• the dimensions of the wings were in the range from 80x60 to 120x80 cm;
• the superstructure above the roof opening was removed from the outer walls at a short distance.

To equip roof dormers, you can use the following facing materials:

• tiles;
• copper sheets;
• steel sheets.

In the process of drafting the roof, you will need to make a separate drawing of the dormer windows. During the creation of the project, the following nuances must be taken into account:

• the width of the opening for such a window should be more than half the width of the attic room;
• the supports must be the same thickness as the roof rafters;
• frame elements should be fixed with steel fasteners.

Video: roof dormer project

Roof project for a chalet house

Chalet-style buildings were the first to be made by the inhabitants of settlements in the Alps, but at the moment they can be seen in Western Europe, USA, Canada and some regions of Russia.

A gable roof is suitable for a chalet-style house, but it should hang over the walls

A feature of the appearance of a chalet-style building is the roof, which hangs heavily over the walls. Under such a shelter, the base, blind area, basement and walls of the building will be reliably protected from precipitation and sunlight. Roof extension can be done up to 300 cm to ensure water runoff after rain from the building line. Removing the roof can also save you from dampness in the basement and on the first floor. This will help to increase the possible period of use of the building.

The roof structure of the chalet has large extensions in the form of visors, which can protect the terraces located along the facade of the building from wind and precipitation, or form a usable area, which will also be reliably protected from atmospheric influences.

V winter time such a roof will retain snow and be able to provide additional thermal insulation. It is worth noting that although such a roof visually seems large, it does not make the building heavier. However, for reliability, consoles should be built along the walls, which will serve as additional supporting parts for the roof overhangs.

This is done in the following way:

For a sloping roof, the project should provide for a reinforced rafter mechanism, since the rafters will need to withstand a large load from snow. With a slope of more than 45 °, the snow load can be ignored.

Most chalet-style building projects include a large veranda, which is an advantage for a large family. It is important to remember that the construction of such a house is a costly process, but in the end, the building will not only bring joy to the family, but also highlight the status of the owner.

Chalet-style designs have the following features:

1. A sloping roof with two slopes, far protruding canopies and significant overhangs.
2. A large terrace that extends beyond the perimeter of a building and is often supported by columns.
3. High plinth made of stone.
4. Second floor made from wooden parts.
5. Balconies, which are located under the overhangs of the roof.

There are no special requirements for the interior of such a house, which cannot be said about appearance. However, projects most often comply with certain standards. The basic rule is the use of wood and stone. These natural materials will be able to create an atmosphere of warmth and comfort in the rooms. The ceiling and floor base are most often constructed from wooden parts. Walls ground floor can be plastered, whitewashed and decorated with decorative details.

Carrying out competent and complete load calculations will make it possible to obtain a solid and reliable roof that will meet all the requirements. There are projects of small country houses where a "hut" type design is used. The roof in these buildings practically reaches the ground, combining the functions of walls and roofing. Such buildings have an extraordinary and beautiful appearance.

Roof design software

Roof calculation and project development are complex procedures. If there is no experience in performing such work, then it is recommended to contact qualified specialists or use appropriate software tools. Today you can find a large number of specialized software, but you should figure out which one is the most convenient.

Many specialists traditionally make calculations manually, but it should be understood that the result of calculating the program on a computer will be more accurate and visual.

If the roof project will be drawn up for yourself, it is recommended to use FloorPlan3D. Professionals who engage in this activity on a regular basis are more suitable for ArCon and AutoCad.

Video: designing a roof truss system in ArchiCad

Self-development of the project of the roof of the house

The work on drawing up the project is conditionally divided into 3 stages:

1. Sketch preparation. The work consists in determining the roof structure to be manufactured, visualizing the appearance and choosing the material for the coating. It is important to agree on the basic style of the building and the roof, and then determine the color of the structure. This stage is preparatory. All thoughts and ideas must be transferred to paper.
2. Development of the main design schemes. You will need to perform calculations taking into account the expected loads on the roof, and then select the material for the rafter legs and their dimensions. After that, you need to make a drawing of the roof, think over the main details. Next, an estimate is drawn up: calculated required amount materials, a list of tools and materials is prepared, the cost of equipment and work is determined.
3. Construction works. The project should be put into practice. During this period, it is only necessary to carry out auxiliary calculations. They will, because it is quite difficult to take into account everything. Some adjustments will be made as the work progresses.

A private house on the plan must be divided into rectangles. Lines are drawn inside them, which indicate the junction of the planes of the slopes from the inside and outside. Next, you need to designate the placement of valleys and skates. Part of the details will be located outside the boundaries of the outer walls, since the roof must have an overhang. The projections of the front and side parts must be done taking into account the slope of the slopes. They are set when the entire house project is drawn up, since it is important to take into account the purpose and type of structure, as well as the type of roofing material used.

On the roof drawing, you need to indicate the exact location of the main parts, as well as indicate their size and shape.

The graphic part of the project is prepared using computer programs. The plan must have coordinate axes. With their help, it will be easier to navigate in space. For this you will need:

1. Draw a line around the plan of a private house.
2. Transfer the boundaries of the main walls and other lines of the building project to the roof drawing.
3. Above each rectangle of the building, draw an image of the roof, starting with the largest.
4. Mark with lines the projections of the skates.
5. Draw valleys.

The project must necessarily indicate the location of the channels for the removal of smoke and ventilation. If you plan to install skylights, they must also be marked on the plan. The lines should determine the slopes of the slopes, as well as the direction of the drains. For all axes and contours of the project, the actual dimensions must be indicated.

Separate points in the project must include drawings of the connection points of various roof elements:

• attaching struts, racks, puffs and other elements;
• fixing the rafter legs to the Mauerlat;
• fastening of the ridge run, places of fixing the rafter legs to each other and to other details.

In the graphic section of the plan, there should be a sketch of the roof that can give a general idea of ​​the roof. This is required primarily in order to evaluate the aesthetics and appearance.

A sketch of the roof is needed in order to be able to evaluate its appearance

If you plan to cut in any elements, they must be displayed on a separate drawing. Be sure to indicate the shape of the cut and its actual dimensions.

In the process of independent drafting of the project, it is important to take into account the following rules:

1. The intersection of the planes of the slopes should form a ridge or valley. The corner of the rectangle should be divided into 2 equal parts using the projection of the slopes.
2. Through two lines that converge or intersect in one place, a third line almost always passes.
3. The lines of the ridge and eaves overhangs should be parallel. The projection of the ridge line should pass in the middle of the building.
4. The flat design project consists of several lines. A roof with several slopes has many projections of valleys and ridges. Such roofs have a complex shape, require the preparation of a reinforced rafter system and a large slope.

Video: self-drawing up a roof plan

Roof area calculation

At the stage of project preparation, it is necessary to know the data on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe structure. This is required in order to be able to correctly calculate the amount of roofing material, insulation, fasteners and waterproofing.

Mistakes that are made when drafting a project

When the plan is developed, there is a desire to start its implementation. However, it is recommended that you consult with experts first. If miscalculations are made during the preparation of the project, then rework may require a lot of time and finances.

Quite often, designers make mistakes that can be divided into 2 types:

• constructive miscalculations;
• architectural miscalculations.

The latter, in most cases, are associated with shortcomings in the ventilation of roof elements. If the structure is insulated, it is important to pay attention not only to protecting the insulation material from moisture, but also to such details as the ventilation system of the eaves or ridge.

The normal functioning of such mechanisms is affected by auxiliary parts, which include attics, parapets, etc. If they are not installed correctly, they can have a negative effect on the air intake. Therefore, it is recommended to increase the height of the vents or refuse to mount some elements.

Another common mistake is an incorrectly designed drainage system.

The drainage system can be open or closed, but in any case, it is necessary to correctly calculate the cross section of its passage elements

Quite often, decorative gutters are used, which are of insufficient size. In this case, water may overflow. This may lead to damage to the facade of the building. Another mistake is a small roof slope. This quite often leads to a critical increase in the load on the rafter mechanism during frost.

When choosing a material for overlapping a structure, it is necessary to take into account the following recommendations:

• for metal tiles, the permissible angle of inclination is from 30 °;
• for corrugated board minimum slope is 8°;
• for slate, the optimal range of tilt angles is 25–30 °;
• for a flexible coating, the allowable slope is 5 ° or more.

The drafting of the roof should be given special attention, since if at least minor miscalculations are made, the roof will be fragile. Accordingly, shortly after manufacture, unplanned repairs may be necessary.

The architectural image of the building is built up brick by brick from the material used for construction, planning, number of storeys and into a single picture. In order for the house to look harmonious and whole, it is necessary that all these elements are mutually compatible.

Since the construction of the roof is practically the last stage of construction, many refer to the choice of roofing and the type of construction according to the residual principle. But professional architects and designers know that the design of the roof of a house is finishing touch, which brings together the appearance of the structure, giving it a finished look.

The roof is called a complex structure, which covers the upper floor of the structure in order to protect interior spaces buildings from the penetration of rain, wind, snow or cold. It consists of a kind of skeleton, a frame that gives the roof a shape and slope, as well as a coating - waterproofing material providing protection from atmospheric moisture. The roof performs the following functions:

1. Cold protection. The roof of the house is the first barrier that stands between the cold of the environment and the living spaces inside. It helps keep the house warm winter period, and in summer it protects them from overheating as a result of exposure to sunlight.
2. Wind protection. The roof must protect the structure from the penetration of cold air or wind, which are often the cause of serious heat loss.
3. The logical completion of the architectural appearance of the house. Only a well-designed roof can harmoniously complete the architectural design of the structure, emphasize its style.

It is important to understand that the roof is not only a unitary structure, it also has a great aesthetic, decorative potential, which makes the architectural appearance of the structure complete, organic. Therefore, it is so important to take the design of the roof structure seriously.

Warm or cold

The roof of the house is a natural barrier between the unfavorable environment and the internal living quarters, thanks to which they maintain the optimal temperature regime for a person. From the point of view of thermal insulation, there are the following types of roof arrangement:

• Cold roof. This is a traditional and simpler way to build a private house roof. Its distinguishing feature is that the roofing cake does not include a layer of thermal insulation. Instead, thermal insulation material is placed on the attic floor. This option is used if the second floor is not heated.
• Warm roof. A warm roof is a roof structure, consisting of roofing cake which includes one or even several layers of insulation. This option is used when arranging houses with an upper floor or an attic. A warm roof is more expensive than a cold one due to the larger area of ​​​​thermal insulation and the complexity of installation.

Evasion

An important parameter of the roof of a private house is the slope. This term refers to the angle of inclination of the roof slopes in relation to its base. The slope can be in the range of 0-60 degrees, it is chosen in accordance with the climatic conditions in the area where the house is located, the roofing used and the architectural style. The following types of roofs are distinguished by the slope angle:

• Flat. Flat roofs are called floors with a slope of 0 degrees. The structure consists of concrete floors, thermal insulation and waterproofing material.
• Low-slope. Roofs with a slope of up to 15 degrees are considered low-slope. Usually these are shed structures, popular for arranging terraces, arbors, sheds or baths. They are economical due to the low consumption of roofing material.
• Medium slope. Roofs with a slope of 15-35 degrees are medium-slope. They are cheaper and easier to install than steep slopes, but they drain water and snow masses much better than structures with a lower slope angle.
• Steep. Structures with a slope of more than 35 degrees are called steep. A large angle of inclination of the slopes requires the arrangement of a massive truss frame, as well as a greater consumption of roofing material, so they are more expensive.

Important! To choose the right roof slope, you must consider climatic conditions in the construction zone. The greater the amount of precipitation that falls in the winter, the greater should be the angle of inclination of the slopes. And vice versa - if there is an intense wind load in the area, then it is better to reduce the slope of the roof to prevent tearing off the roofing.

Form

The shape of the roof renders big influence on the visual perception of the house as a whole. The main thing is that the height of the roof is proportional to the height of the building. At the same time, the low-slope design with wide overhangs makes the house visually more squat. A medium-slope roof stretches the silhouette of the house, balancing its proportions. According to the shape of the roof, they are conditionally divided into the following types:

1. Dvuhskatnaya. gable roof called a simple structure consisting of two inclined slopes. The design of such a roof is quite simple, uncomplicated, but it is easy to design and build.
2. Double broken line. A gable roof, the slopes of which change their slope, is called broken or mansard. By changing the angle of inclination, it is possible to more rationally use the free space in the attic, to increase the height of the attic ceiling.
3. Hip. A hip roof is a design in which the gables are replaced with shortened slopes, which reduces the wind load on the roof, and also gives an original, unusual appearance.
4. Shatrovaya. A hipped roof is a construction consisting of many slopes connected at one point. The minimum number of slopes in such a roof is 4.

It is interesting that there are more complex types of roofing - dome, arch, lancet, but they are used much less frequently due to the high complexity of installation, uneconomical cutting of roofing material.

Roofing materials

The appearance of the house in general and the roof in particular is highly dependent on the choice of roofing material. The color, surface texture and weight of the coating all influence the design of the roof, so it is important to make an informed choice. There are the following types of waterproofing materials:

• Metal. For the manufacture of roofing materials, corrosion-resistant types of metals are used - galvanized steel, aluminum, copper. They can be separate sheets from which roofing paintings are made, or profiled sheets with a pronounced relief. Metal roofing is considered durable, strong, but their weaknesses are considered noisy.
• Bituminous. Second most popular roof coverings are various bases impregnated with bitumen. This category includes roofing material, stekloizol, rubemast, ondulin, as well as shingles. They are flexible and lightweight. Their weak point is low mechanical strength.
• Ceramic. Ceramic tiles - traditional way roof arrangement. It has high decorative potential, good insulating ability. True, ceramic tiles weigh a lot, and are also quite expensive.
• Asbestos-cement. Slate is sheets of asbestos cement that are used to cover the roof. It is quite cheap, but has low decorative potential.

Video instruction

in cottages and country houses Today, many types of roofs are used. Each of them has its own characteristics. The roof of a private house performs many functions. Materials for its arrangement are used very different. Before creating a roof project for a private house, you should consider all options in order to choose the best one for yourself.

Main types

In construction, many options for the roofs of a private house have been developed. The choice of the type of form is influenced by the location of the cottage, its total area, the image of the building itself, as well as the preferences of the owners of suburban real estate.

Roofs of private houses can be flat and pitched. Their difference lies in the slope of the roof surface. If the slope angle is more than 10 degrees, such roofs for private houses are called a pitched surface. Otherwise, the cottage has a flat roof. If everything is simple with this type of roof, then you should familiarize yourself with the previous type in more detail.

The roofs of private houses (photo below), which have an angle of inclination of the roof plane, have several subspecies.

Simple varieties of pitched roofs

The simplest types of pitched roofs include single and gable types.

Shed types of roofs in private houses are used more often for outbuildings or non-residential premises, for example, for a garage or a barn. The development of such an option should take into account the fact of relying on the beams of the structure. The walls act as direct guides.

A more popular type of roofs of private houses are their gable varieties, an example of which is shown in the photo below. The design consists of two identical planes, which, under a slope, are supported on bearing walls the buildings. Similar roofs of private houses resemble a triangle in appearance. The presented type of roof arrangement is one of the oldest and most frequently used. It can be argued that the triangular shape of the gable roof has passed the test of time, and the technology of its construction has already been worked out to the smallest detail.

hip roof

In addition to the main varieties of the roof of private houses built under a slope, there are other forms. They are widely used in construction to create an original image of the building.

The hip structure is characterized by several triangular-shaped slopes. This configuration is designed exclusively by professionals. Hip types of roofs of private houses (photo can be viewed below) are very resistant to wind and precipitation.

This design is endowed with 4 planes, which outwardly resemble a trapezoid. The corners give the name to the shape, as they are called hips. The roof of a private house of the presented type remains clean under the influence of adverse weather factors, as debris and precipitation from it are freely blown away by gusts of wind. In such a roof, a dormer window will look good. Attics are built under it or terraces are equipped.

There are half hip roofs. With a similar design in the attic, it is allowed to make a full-fledged window.

hipped roof

For polygonal or square buildings, a hip roof is used. All its planes are in the form of triangles converging at one point - the apex. The hipped roofs of private houses are shown in the photo below.

The skate in the presented design is missing. She is absolutely symmetrical. This type of roof looks quite practical. The building will have a nice appearance.

Hipped types of roofs of private houses are resistant to impact strong winds. In the classic version - 4 slopes. However, there are models with large quantity planes.

Other types of roofs

There are many other types of forms.

The multi-gable roof has complex system elements. Only a professional is allowed to develop such a form.

For the attic type of building, a broken type of roof is ideal. The slopes have a special angle of fracture of the planes. This allows you to maximize the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe attic for arrangement. private room. The construction of roofs of private houses of the considered form is quite simple. It will allow you to create an additional room in the cottage.

Conical shapes are used in modern construction quite rare. Their purpose is to create a unique, original visual effect. The cottage will immediately be transformed into medieval castle. You can complement the image with various balconies, verandas or decorative turrets.

Whatever type of roof is chosen, general form it should match the image of the cottage. The wrong shape of the roof will look ridiculous.

flat roof

Flat roofs of private houses (see photo below) in modern construction are used in creative design projects construction of suburban buildings.

V summer time There are many positive aspects of this type of roofing. On a flat surface, you can place a pool, create a flower garden or a gazebo. It can be a play area or a place of rest, a solarium and other facilities. It all depends on the imagination of the owners of the cottage.

Roof projects for private houses can have an all-glass roof. This will solve the problem with the lighting of the upper floor in the daytime. At night it will be very beautiful to watch the stars.

To prevent water from lingering on such a roof, a minimum slope of this structure is arranged in a private house. Thanks to him, precipitation will not accumulate on a flat surface.

The disadvantage of this design is the lack attic ventilation. To solve this problem, a distance is left between the thermal insulation and the ceiling during construction.

Despite this feature, the flat views of the roofs of private houses (photo below) are very attractive for decorating the overall style of the cottage. With their help, many design ideas are brought to life.

Roof pitch

In order to correctly perform the slope of the roof, one should take into account the features of the roofing materials used to equip the facility. Also, the climatic characteristics in which the building is located have a significant impact on the indicator.

Metal roofing should have a slope of 16 to 22 degrees. Mineral materials such as asbestos cement, slate and roof tiles should be laid at a slope of 27 to 45 degrees. wooden views roofs of private houses have an inclination of 18 degrees. These include board, shingle and dranichnaya variety of material.

Bitumen and resin materials are mounted on structures with a roll angle of 5 to 30 degrees. The considered indicators, along with the weight of the material and the total load of the roof, are taken into account when calculating the optimal configuration of the system, the number of its planes.

Roofing from a metal tile

The process of building the roof of a private house with your own hands will require a serious, scrupulous attitude. When using a metal tile, it is necessary to adhere to certain rules and recommendations.

Cutting metal sheets is allowed only with special scissors. The grinder creates a lot of sparks, which is unsafe for the worker.

If scratches occur on the material, they should be repaired immediately to prevent corrosion.

Do-it-yourself construction of the roof of a private house from metal tiles requires moving along it in soft shoes. You can only step on concave areas. They adhere to the crate and withstand the load.

The scheme for carrying out installation work involves a certain sequence of actions. Initially, waterproofing is installed on the rafter system. Then a crate is made with a step of boards of 0.5 m. It is better to lay horizontal elements with a step of 0.25 m. Planks with an internal angle under the valleys and cornice elements are installed on it.

Start from the lower left corner and bring it to the ridge. At the internal joints, a valley plank is installed, as well as end plates. The final stage is the installation of the ridge and the place for the chimney.

Slate roof

Slate is one of the classic options for arranging a roof. This type of material does not require the installation of a vapor barrier, which makes it cheaper to build the roof of a private house with your own hands. The advantage of slate is fire safety.

Its popularity is due to its low cost and environmental friendliness. The material is resistant to temperature extremes, to negative influences environment. It is able to create good sound insulation.

The service life of a roof made of mineral materials is several decades.

The disadvantages of slate are fragility and big weight. However, these features do not reduce its relevance.

wooden roof

The construction of the roof of a private house with the help of wood implies a careful attitude to this natural material.

Before installation, all boards are treated with a special solution, which will increase their durability and fire safety. After installation, they are painted with enamel.

In order not to overdo it with nails, the boards should be laid according to a certain pattern. A nail is driven into the center of the roof element on top of the board. On the sides, the hardware is driven in from below.

If the installation involves laying two layers of roofing, the first one is mounted first. The boards of the second row should fall in the center at the junction of the base elements.

Ondulin roofing

One of the most prominent representatives bituminous materials, which can cover the roof of a private house, is ondulin. This is a very weather-resistant type of roof. Lightness is also considered its advantage. Ondulin is allowed to be mounted immediately on the old base.

It has good water resistance, resistance to temperature extremes. Fungus and mold do not start on the roof of ondulin, which significantly increases its service life. Sun rays also not able to affect the qualities characteristic of this roof.

Ondulin is fastened with special nails at the rate of 20 pieces per 1 sheet of 10 waves. Roof elements are nested in rows in checkerboard pattern. It is forbidden to stretch the sheets, otherwise the roof will deform over time and cease to perform its functions.

Ondulin is considered one of the most beneficial materials for self-assembly. Its cost is quite acceptable, and the installation process will not require much effort to transport the sheets to the roof. These factors explain the popularity of the presented material.

Starting the construction of a country house, you need to familiarize yourself with all the principles of arranging its roof. There are many types of them. The roof of a private house should be combined with the general style of the building, take into account the conditions of the area and the dimensions of the cottage itself. When using various materials for arranging a roof, it is necessary to follow all the rules for its installation. A properly built roof will serve its owners for decades.

Roof construction - milestone building a private house. It protects residents from the sun, cold, precipitation and other surprises of nature. When drawing up a project, it is necessary to take into account the features climate zone. Its second function is aesthetic.

Who doesn't want to live in a beautiful house? A spectacular roof can become the highlight of the whole building and even a local landmark.

Roof types

The choice of roof type is significantly influenced by the climate.

A flat solution is appropriate in areas with a minimum of annual rainfall. The absence or minimal (no more than 3º) slope in areas with a large number of them will lead to the accumulation of water on the roof. Subsequently, it may begin to leak.

A pitched structure is more suitable for our latitudes. The angle of inclination depends on the amount of precipitation, usually at least 10º. In a private house, the roof device often involves several slopes.

The architecture of the house may include an attic. In this case, the roof is separated from the residential part by an attic floor. The roofless roof is at the same time the ceiling of the upper floor.

When drawing up a roof project, you need to decide how to use the space under it. The appropriate shape and design depends on whether it is planned to place a living room or a pantry on it.

Shed roof tilted to one side at an angle of 20-30º. The slope should be located towards the winds. An excellent choice for a house with walls of different heights. This simple design effectively uses the area, simplifies the installation of the chimney and the subsequent completion of the floors.

Of the shortcomings, one can single out not the most interesting view. Unusual approach (combination of slopes on different levels, the use of metal tiles) will achieve an attractive result.

A fairly common option in our latitudes is a gable roof. The angle of inclination varies between 25-45º, the exact value depends on the amount of precipitation in the region.

The slope should contribute to its natural purification from snow and water. This design is suitable for attic equipment, it is quickly and inexpensively mounted, and it opens up wide possibilities for design.

The four-pitched hip roof looks original, protects the facade from precipitation and is not afraid of strong winds. Under it, you can equip an attic or attic, but their area will be less than in the gable version. The disadvantage of the design is the complexity and laboriousness of construction.

The original semi-hip roof combines the last two types. It has a trapezoidal pediment, due to which it is resistant to the vagaries of the weather. May have two or four slopes. Behind the spectacular appearance hides the complexity of installation and roofing.

The tent is a kind of tent or pyramid in the form of four triangular slopes. Accordingly, the house should have the shape of a rectangle or square. good option coatings will be metal or slate.

The multi-gable roof has an attractive appearance and is suitable for houses of non-standard architecture with extensions. The complexity of the design, including many slopes and angles with different slopes, makes its installation accessible only to an experienced craftsman.

A beautiful and unusual domed or conical roof will suit a round or multifaceted structure. The robust and earthquake-resistant design is not afraid of surprises presented by the weather.

The main disadvantages are the impossibility of organizing an attic and the extreme complexity of installation. Rarely used in private homes.

Roof types can be combined. The architect has ample opportunities to create a functional and aesthetic option. The reverse side of the coin - the construction, design and maintenance are fraught with considerable difficulties.

The architecture of the house also plays a role in choosing the shape of the roof: for example, a gable or multi-gable building is more suitable for a building in a classical style. Photos of the roofs of private houses will help you make a choice.

Mansard roofs

In private houses, an attic or attic is often equipped. This decision is justified by a number of obtained advantages. Perhaps the most important of them is the additional area without the construction of a full-fledged floor.

Competently organized system ventilation and thermal insulation of the attic will improve the microclimate of the house. With the right approach, even the space between the roof and the walls of the attic can be effectively used. Windows built into the roof provide maximum natural light to the room.

Before starting work, make sure that the load-bearing walls and foundation can withstand the new loads.

The angle of inclination of the attic roof is usually 45-60º ( top part can be at an angle of 25-35º).

Material selection

Traditional roofing material- slate (asbestos-cement corrugated sheets). With reliability and cheapness, it remains quite heavy. A suitable roof slope for its use is 13-60º.

Not suitable for flat roofs, since the ingress of precipitation into the cracks will lead to a decrease in the service life. Bituminous slate is used starting from a 5º slope. The pitch of the crate depends on the angle: if it is less than 10º, a continuous flooring is required.

Ondulin, similar to slate, does not have the most presentable appearance. Suitable for outbuildings, can also be used in the repair of the roof of a private house. The harm to its merits is strength and durability.

Practical, inexpensive, lightweight metallic profile will be a good alternative to slate. You can choose the cover of your favorite color.

Roofing material is more often used to provide thermal insulation, rather than a full-fledged coating. It is a soft black material.

The tile possesses high decorative qualities, reliable and easy. Produced by the most different colors. The high cost of the roof can push away from the choice in her favor. A suitable slope for ceramic tiles is 30-60º. If it is less than 25º, care must be taken to increase ventilation and waterproofing.

Perhaps the most popular roof of a private house can be called a metal tile. It can be used starting with a 15º slope.

Bituminous tiles will repeat the surface of any curvature, so it will be a good choice for unusual roof(for example, domed). The minimum tilt angle is 12º.

Photos of roofs of private houses