Wire laying methods. Cable installation: Methods of gasket, description of technology and recommendations of specialists

Magate your own hands new or replace old electrical cables or wires it will not be difficult and hard to perform most of people. But whatever the wiring has served a long time, it is necessary to be safe, it is necessary to know and comply with some rules and rules of the electromotion.

I, based on my many years of electrician practices, I will try to state everything briefly and most basic, as for the cable laying. Be sure to read to the end. Closer to which I will talk about the types of electrical wiring.

What are the requirements for installing electrical wiring?

1. Any electrical and electric repair work always start with shutdown The appropriate automaton or couplings. Yes, professional electricians only in exceptional cases work without tension removal.
2. The most important thing is that distribution boxesin which electrical wires or cables are connected, were always easily accessible. Do not try to sink them or hide them over the suspension or stretty ceiling. If you need to repair, you will need access to them.
3. Any stagnation, bare wires or metal parts of sockets, switches, etc. must be closed or exhaled. If you need to bite and smell the electrical cable, be sure to lean its ends in the branch box.
4. I do not recommend using wires When electromotive, but only a cable with non-combustible insulation of the Vggling brand for under the plaster, and for open gasket in pipes, box, etc. - not emitting the smoke of the Vggling Marks. .
5. It is forbidden to mount electrical cable or wires directly by fuel base from wood, etc. It is allowed to lay in such cases only in metal pipes or metalworking.
6. All passages through the walls Must be carried out in pipes with a sealing solution that will be easily delivered if necessary.
7. Euro standards switches Installed at an altitude of 90 centimeters from the floor from the side of the handle to open the doors. Sockets are installed at an altitude of 30 centimeters.
8. All electrical cable tracks must undergo not lower than 15 cm. From the ceiling.
9. Wiring lines should go no closer than 10 centimeters to the angle of the room, door or window slope.
10. Paid box in the room are put at the passage level Cable trails under the ceiling over switches.
11. From one socket you can directly save the otherBut do not plug in this way more than four.
12. Remember, and better write down on paper with bindings wiring. What then would not break through it when drilling or scoring a nail into the wall.
13. It is forbidden to stroke the ceiling and bearing columns and walls.
14. For bathroom and other rooms with high humidity There are certain restrictions on the installation of sockets, switches, etc. Read more about it on.
15. When laying cable it is important special attention Note the third grounding conductor, which goes and is connected separately from. Everything metal housings Electrical appliances must be grounded.
    
16. If in the places of open gasket electric cable It is possible to obtain mechanical damage, take care of its protection, use for this box or pipe.
17. If you decide to add or remake only small plot wiring in a house or apartment be careful not damage the wires already. If you still damage, then change the entire line from the box to the lamp or socket. Wire connections are allowed only in junction boxes.
18. If your wiring is made in the pipes in the floor or walls panel house then use them to drag electric wires Or add or transfer sockets.
19. Bashed to the wall or in the cable stroke It is necessary every 40-60 centimeters.
20. All appliances And the electrical appliances are connected from the socket only the flexible electric cabbage of the PVA brand.

Types of wiring.

In homes and apartments used hidden wiringwhich goes under the stucco or in the pipes inside the walls, ceilings and floors.

In garages, basements, technical premises Electrical cables are laid open or in the box (tube) directly along the wall. In such premises, there is no need for the cost of the device. Yes, and in the future facilitates the replacement process and troubleshooting. It turns out beautifully when the electrical wiring is open, if you hide the electrical cable in PVC box, which can be masked, painting in the color of the wall.

The cross section of the cable during the electrical installation should be taken into account. Copper cable in the house or apartment with a cross section 1.5 square liesometers withstands the maximum load to 3.5 kilowatt, and 2.5- to 5 kW.

Similar materials:

Most often the need to pave an electric cable into a trench on cottage plot occurs if you need to do street lighting On the poles or carry out electrical wiring in the bath. In this case, it is very important to comply with the standards (in particular SNiP and), as well as take into account safety equipment under electrical work. Next, we will tell you how the cable laying is carried out in the Earth without violating the rules and the generally accepted rules.

Electrical installation requirements

First of all, you need to tell you what regulatory documents can affect how you will perform the installation of electrical wiring in the earthen trench. So, the basic rules of laying cables in the land are described in from clause 83, as well as SNiP 3.05.06-86, "Unified Technical Instructions for the Selection and Use of Electric Cables" and other regulatory documents. In the article, consider the features of laying cable lines with voltage up to 1000V. We highlight the most important:

• The depth of the cable laying in the ground according to Pue 2.3.84 should be at least 0.7 m for cables up to 20 kV, in the cross-sectional places with a carriage part - at least 1m. For input to the building and in places intersection with underground facilities A gasket is allowed at a depth of 50 cm with protection against mechanical damage, that is, a gasket in the pipe (at such a depth, it is necessary or a cable must be armored). At the same time, the length of such a plot should be no more than 5 meters.
• According to Pue 2.3.85. P the foundation of the house is prohibited by the foundation. Minimum distance From the foundation should be 60 cm. If you need to pave a cable from the house to the bath, a garage or other construction, lay the cable as described above, and the transition through the wall (foundation) must be performed in rigid PVC, PND or in a steel pipe.
• According to Pue 2.3.86, the distance between two cables in one trench should be no less than 10 cm, on the basis of which the width of the trench is selected. 50 cm need to retreat from cables of other organizations and communication cables.
• From trees need to retreat at least 2 meters for laying wiring into the trench, and from shrubs - at least 75 cm. (According to p. 2.4.87). This distance can be reduced when laying a cable in a pipe, for example, if you do a soil under the tree).
• In all cases, when damage to the cable line is possible - lay it in the pipes. In other cases, directly in the ground on the depth specified above.
• The distance to pipelines and sewage at a parallel laying should be at least 1 m (p. 2.3.88), to heat resistant - 2m (p. 2.3.89). The gas pipeline with pressure of 0.0049-0.588 MPa is not less than 1M, with a pressure of more than 0.588 MPa - 2 meters. The gasket above and under pipelines is not allowed.
• When crossing cables, they must be separated by a layer of Earth with a thickness of 50 cm (p. 2.3.94-95).
• According to p. 2.3.37 you need to use predominantly Armored cables, for example, (a) VBBSHB. Not unarmed cables must be resistant to mechanical loads.
• According to " Unified requirements... "and GOST 16442-80, about which we mentioned above are permissible to use and (a) the VG in the ground directly (without a pipe). But only in the absence of a stretching load and if it is not a swampy terrain, bulk or bunched soils or vertical sites Lines, as well as in trenches in the ground with low and medium corrosion activity. However, the cable laying in PVC, PND or steel pipesoh allows, in which case it is easy to replace the cable without opening the soil.
• So that there are no loads on the line due to stretching and soil pressure - lay the snake cable with a reserve in length of 1-2%, and when laying in a bunch of ground or when laying a hot cable (if the work is performed in the cold), the stock must be 3-4 %.
• If you need to independently perform underground, use special coupling, as shown in the photo.
  
• For additional protection of the power line under the ground (for example, with strong soil drawdowns), it is possible to use a pipe or a special cable structure of bricks (stacked across the trenches, as in the photo below). Use hollow brick Forbidden. Note that protection against mechanical damage to bricks or concrete slabs Cables up to 20 kV, laid at a depth of 1 meter and more - optional, according to p. 2.3.83 Pue. At the same time, cables up to 1 kV should have such protection only in those places where frequent excavations are likely.
  
  
• Be sure to be on top of the conductor laid in the land, it is necessary to lave the signal tape with the inscription: "Caution, cable!".

Considering these requirements and rules, you can be sure that the cable laying in the trench will not attend you and the domestic wiring line! This is certainly not all the restrictions that exist in the PUE and SNiP rules, but for the home conditions of the claims provided, even when the site is connected from the post to the house.

Technology laying do it yourself

So we approached the main issue of the article in which we consider how to properly pave the electrical cable in the ground on their own. In order for the instruction to be comfortable and understandable, we will provide it in stages.

1. Distribute the wiring scheme in the trench, which mark the exact distance from the house, garden buildings and plantations, according to regulatory documents. If the underground electrical installation will be used to connect, be sure to specify the installation locations.
2. Start the territory of the country area by spicy and rope, after which you dig a trench according to the markup. After earthworks, remove stones from the prepared trench trench, possible glass fragments or pieces of metal, which may further cause damage to the wiring underground. Immediately set the lighting support, if required.
   
3. On the rammed day, make a uniform pillow from sand or fine soil, pre-purified from small stones, glass fragments, bricks and other items that can damage isolation.
4. Route the conductor in the ground, as shown in the photo. To lay the wiring in the trench, it is recommended to use with aluminum veins or a more expensive option -, with copper veins, or VG-NG-Ls, in cases described above.
   
   
   
5. Check the finished cable line using a megommeter that will determine the presence of insulation damage and leaks under high voltage (). Do not forget to discharge the cable to the Earth or the shorter of the veins after measuring the resistance.
6. Use the pipe following the above rules and recommendations. If you need a gasket in the pipe (the depth of 50 cm, the excavations often occur, laying under the tree, etc.), then use PVC, PVC, steel or asbetic pipes. The last type of pipes are cut along into two parts, making them like a foam, after that the wire is placed. Such technology will allow you to quickly free the wiring when repairing it.
   
7. Take a picture of the trench network to know where the cable in the ground is exactly garden plot. By the way, the drawing is better to preserve, because It has designations of all distances when laying a line from home, fences, etc.
8. Pull with a trench with sand or small ground cleaned from acute items. The layer must be uniform, about 15 cm. After the backfill it needs to be carefully tumped.
9. In the sand, launch the signal tape with the designation that the electrical wiring was performed under it.
   
10. Flip the rest of the land on top of the tape, making a slide, which after several rains will fall and lines with the surface.
11. Make measurements again using a megommeter.

Video Installation Instructions

That's all the technology of cable laying under the ground in the country area. As you can see, spend the line at home is not so difficult. More time and effort will go on land - digging of the trench.

1. Use only a special armored conductor. Such brands, as, or not use, because They do not possess sufficient protection.
2. Diameter metal pipewhich will pass through the foundation of a private house (if there is a need for this), should be 3 times more than the diameter of the email itself. cable.
3. If the depth of the landscape of the Earth in your region is deeper than 70 cm (the depth of the trench), be sure to secure protective pipeso that it does not break and did not deform.
4. Use a plastic corrugated pipe to protect electrical wiring under the ground is prohibited. Already in the year of corrugation and all of her protective propertieswhich and so weak will disappear.
5. Try not to carry out the conductor laying under such zones of high load, like roads, parking and entry into the courtyard. If it is inevitable - do not forget about the laying in the pipes and protection of bricks.
6. Uniform opinion or rules in regulatory documentationWith respect to the minimum cable cross section for laying in the ground there. In practice, the cross section of 10 mm 2 for copper and 16 for aluminum is most often used. Focus only on, and also consider that the line must be armored.

Overview of the work done

Nuances when laying in winter time

Well, the last thing I would like to tell - whether it is possible to lay the cable under the ground at low temperatures, and in particular in winter. Electric installation work in winter time Allowed, but need to take into account the following norms and rules:

• Before laying wiring in the trench, you need to warm the conductor in the warm room or using the transformer. The last method is not recommended to use if you have not encountered it earlier, because This requires certain skills.
• After heating, it is necessary to quickly lay the power line with a reserve in length of 3-4%. If the temperature on the street is not lower than -10 About with you have a time hour, from -10 to -20 about C - no more than 40 minutes, below -20 Oh - half an hour maximum. If in winter the temperature is lower, the electrical installation is prohibited.
• Without prior heating, it is allowed to pave the cable under the ground in the following cases: if the temperature is not lower than -5 o C, and the conductor himself high pressure; If the temperature is not lower than -7 ° C and the cable is insulated, -15 ° C. If the PVC isolation is either rubber, -20 ° C in the event that the insulation of the veins is represented by a polyethylene sheath or rubber and an additional lead sheath.

That's all that I wanted to tell you how to perform a cable laying in our own hands. We hope our practical advice, Instructions and also provided standards will help you when installing at home!

Also read:

Video Installation Instructions

Overview of the work done

Like( 0 ) I do not like( 0 )

Requirements for laying electrical cables are defined in the relevant regulatory and technical documents containing full list Procedures and measures, the fulfillment and acceptance of which are necessary to ensure fire and electrical safety of electricity consumer facilities. In this article we will look at the highlights ( general rules) Construction of cable lines of power transmission internal (indoors) and outdoor location. We also describe some measures taken to operate cables in different environments (conditions) - air (VLEP), soil, water.

Rules for laying electrical cables inside buildings

There are two main ways of laying electrical network cables inside buildings - open and hidden. The first method involves the location of the wiring on the surface of the walls and / or ceilings inside the building, as well as in trays, cables, etc. Regulators of the gasket of the electrical cable open type It is assumed to use various kinds of mounting elements or components, such as strings, plinths, brackets, cables, cores, metal / plastic sleeves, pipes and other fittings. Open wiring, in turn, may be stationary or mobile (non-stationary).

The main standards of laying electrical cables in the residential area and industrial facilities (open wiring):

Cable linesThe voltage from 42 V must be laid at a height of 2-2.5 m above the floor level. Height is not normalized if the cable laying is carried out in boxes, sleeves and other structures with the degree of protection against IP20.
. If the cable crosses the pipeline, it is paved at a distance from 50 mm (in light) or 100 mm (pipelines for transporting flammable gases or liquids). At the same time, if the distance is less than 250 mm, the cables must have additional protection against mechanical damage. Also, the wiring is supposed to be protected from high temperatures if it runs next to the heating system or hot water supply.
. In the locations of the cable through the walls and overlaps (from one room to another, the cable output to the outside or input to the room from the outside) is required to be inserted from pipes.
. Controls, sleeves or other structural elements are mounted in such a way that moisture can accumulate in them. If the premises have a selection of vapors, gases or dust that have a cable sheath bad influence, then used boxes, pipes, etc. Elements for laying should be sealed, and their locations are compacted.

According to regulatory documents on the installation of electrical cable "Horty", the wiring is called, laid directly inside the structural elements of the building - walls, ceilings, overlap, floors. IN this case The cable can also be laid in pipes, sleeves, cortica, or other mounting elements, laid through emptiness in floors or in furrows created during or at any time after building a building.

Regulators of electrical cable laying in this way of installation require compliance with the same rules that are presented to open wiring. There are I. additional requirements. First, when laying in boxes or other mounting elements, the same requirements should be placed as with an open gasket. Secondly, gasket hidden wiring It is forbidden to produce in ventilation mines and channels (allowed under the condition of laying cables in steel pipes).

Rules of installation of electrical cables outside buildings (external gasket)

The "outdoor" refers to the wiring carried out in the ground, water or by air. Consider the basic requirements for laying electrical cables in each of the media separately.

Basic requirements and regulations of installation of electrical cable in the ground:

The wiring is laid in a trench depth from 70 cm. Cable lines for voltage from 35 kV in obligatory Must be protected from mechanical damage by their coating w / w plates with a thickness of 50 mm. At voltage of up to 35 kV, ordinary bricks can be used along the route. When using armored cables, the defense device is optional.
. The minimum trench width is 25 cm. If laying of several cables is planned, the distance between them should be 10 cm (up to 1 kV), 25 cm (20-35 kV) and more (depends on the specific situation). This should be taken into account when calculating the width of the trench.
. Before laying cables on the bottom of the trench, a sand-gravel pillow thick is about 10 cm thick.
. If cables do not have metal armor, it is necessary to use protective structures to prevent mechanical damage - for example, metal / plastic pipes. Protection may also be required for armored cables (depends on the type of soil, weather conditions In the region and other criteria).
. Next, the cable is again falling asleep with sand thick of about 15 cm. Alarm tape or cable closing plate (PKZ) is stacked on top of the outer pillow (PKZ), which serve to inform about the presence of electrical wiring under them.
. Over the signal tape or PZC, the soil is covered with a margin (after a while it will fall).

Air lines

Requirements and standards for laying cables for electric power lines depends on the specific situation. Many factors are taken into account: types of cables and supports, electrical voltage, The presence of parallel / intersecting lines, weather conditions in the region, etc. The main points of construction of the air power transmission can be brought as follows:
. Constructive featurescarrying ability and other physical characteristics Welcoming supports that will be used for laying electrical wiring are determined at the design of the air power transmission transmission and depend on the set of factors - the properties of the soil, weather conditions in the region, the type of cable used and other criteria. The correspondence of the characteristics of the supports of these criteria is one of the basic requirements for their design and subsequent construction.
. Supports WL should not be built in places where their presence can be a hindrance for the movement of motor vehicles and pedestrians. Otherwise, the power lines are applied by barrier structures (jackhafts and other structures).
. When erection of supports in forest arrays, the deforestation of plantations is optional. One condition should be observed here: the distance between the plantations and the lowest point of the cable is 0.5 m.
. Regulations On the installation of the electrical cable also include grounding of WL and traverse supports.

Underwater lines

. Cable trailsCrossing and / or passing along the water bodies can be laid at the bottom and shores both with sustainable and susceptible to the soil. In the first case, the depth of the laying is 1 m, in the second - depending on the characteristics of the soil.
. The cable must pass along the bottom or along the shore of the reservoir so that it does not turn out to be seen on uneven sites. Such sections should do the side or falling down by rubble, pebbles or other materials. If there are obstacles in the form of shames, stone varies, etc., the cable is laid in a pre-prepared trench.
. At the reservoirs, the cables are laid, information shields that inform about the presence of electrical wiring under water should be installed.
. The crossing of cables during underwater laying is unacceptable.

A large selection is presented on the website of the company "Cable.rf". After reading the product description, you can make a choice yourself or contact a company specialist, which competently advises you on price and quality issues.

Replace old or make a new wiring In apartments and private houses is a complex and time consuming. However, if you decide to modernize the electrical network in your home, you will be forced to encounter work on the laying of cables. Consider the most common and popular methods for mounting and wiring electrical wiring in residential and non-residential premises. Features of the choice of materials and the method of laying the cable.

FEATURES OF INSTALLATION OF ELECTRONTY

To carry out this work used various methodsThe choice of which the following factors affect:

1. Mounting electrical wiring.
2. Conditions of operation of the room.
3. Individual preferences of the owner of the room.

Gasket wiring in corrugated pipes

For laying an electrical cable on the floor, walls and ceiling it is advisable to use corrugations. Such wiring is hidden and open.

Corrugation is a corrugated pipe, for the manufacture of which uses metal or polyvinyl chloride. Inside this pipe is a metal wire that helps stretch inside the pipe cable.

Today, the use of polyvinyl chloride corrugations to lay the electrical cable and other wires in interior premises Buildings. And it is not surprising because plastic pipes, compared with metal, less weigh and have a smaller cost.

For the use of corrugated pipes, residential, technical, administrative and industrial premises. The material from which the corrugation is made in the role of an additional insulator for an electrical cable. In addition, he has the ability to self-turn - due to this, self-burning is eliminated, which can be caused by short circuit.

Corrugation is used for wiring different types Cables having various diameters because in production it has several variations with different sections: 16 mm, 20 mm, 25 mm, 32 mm, 40 mm, 50 mm, 63 mm. It is suitable for stretching power electrical cables, as well as cables that relate to information networks.

Polyvinyl chloride corrugated pipe can be used exclusively for laying indoor cables, since the material of its manufacture refers very sensitive to ultraviolet sunny rays, does not like temperature differences and high humidity.

However, there is a corrugation class, which is used for laying in the open space.

The cable gasket in the corrugation is made by two people, since one person is inconvenient to do this. Initially, a piece of wire is pulled out of the corrugated pipe. After that, a hole is done in the cable winding, in which this wire has been done and thoroughly twisted.

The corrugated pipe is recompulted, so one person is convenient to hold the corrugation in one end, and another at this time stretch the cable and pull the steel wire from the corrugated pipe. After the final cable stretching, it connects to the corrugation with the help of a tape in order to fix the design.

To the walls of the room, the corrugated pipe is attached by clips-clamps that have different diameters, so they are easy to choose under the pipe diameter. In this way, the cable is often paved in suspended ceiling or plasterboard partitions. When placing a corrugated pipe on the floor under the pre-made tidth of concrete, it is necessary to purchase a special corrugation - enhanced, capable of maintaining large loads.

Electric cable gasket in trench

Used air and underground methods for laying cables electric power between buildings, and cables providing outdoor lighting on country areas And in summer houses.

Using aircraft gasket is advisable in cases where a small distance between objects.

Laying the electrical cable underground method is more suitable for large distances or with the equipment of external lighting systems. The underground method is more aesthetic, because over the heads of people do not hang the garlands of wires. However, this method has the following restrictions:

It is forbidden to lay an electrical cable in trenches when high level Groundwater. If it is a swampy terrain, groundwater reaches the level of one meter and more.

It is prohibited to lay the cable to the trench when the content in the soil of a large number of substances that can damage or disrupt its shell.

Proved negative influence On the electrical wiring of wandering currents, which sometimes occur in the soils.

You can not carry out an electrical cable in too movable soils.

In the absence of contraindications to laying a cable in a trench, start next work. First spend thorough markings on your land plot. It is necessary that the cable is located within a distance of at least 1 meter from the trees, did not pass under car parking lots, the platform for which an assessing machine carries, as well as under the territory with elevated loads on the ground.

After markup, the following actions are made to lay an electrical cable in trenches:

1. Trench is digging, according to the previous markup. At the same time, the minimum allowable trench depth will be 0.7 meters. However, the optimal depth is 0.8-0.9 meters.
2. Dutch trench is released from all sorts of materials and substances capable of rendering bad influence On the cable shell: from glass, stones, iron items, wires and others.
3. The bottom of the trench is lined with sand, the layer of which is approximately 10 cm.
4. Checked the absence of closures in conductive veins - between them and armor. For this, a megommeter is used.
5. Cable protection work. It is possible to use different materials: corrugated plastic pipes, metal corrugated pipe or metal double-walled pipes. The choice of protection affects the size of the budget and the preferences of the site owner. You need to stretch the cable through the selected protective material. When using a polyvinyl chloride corrugation, additional protection is needed by cases of places in which the cable comes into contact with large and solid objects, as well as objects that are capable of damaging it. Cases are manufactured as follows: the asbetic tube is poured in half, and then halves wear on the cable.
6. Machine cable laying on the bottom of the trench. It is better to do, without pulling the cable, but laying it wave like - the free position of the cable is recommended.
7. Next, the cable of the sand layer is 10 cm.
8. The layer of soil is poured on the sand layer at 15 cm, and a little tamper.
9. Then you need to lay over the cable signal tape.
10. After that, the trench is completely covered with the soil, a small slide is made.
11. Checked cable for short circuit.

You must purchase the following electrical cables:

Cable VVG. - with small capacities and sections.

Cable ABBBSH - Used for medium and large capacities. It does not spread the burning and books - for booking used steel galvanized tapes. This armored copper cable has a greater value.

After the electrical cable is tested using a megommeter, immediately need to remove the charge from it. This is performed by connecting live and armor, and the closure of all this to the ground.

Performing this work, be sure to follow safety measures: use rubber mat, rubber boots and gloves. It is not recommended to carry out this work alone - do it along with a partner. If the check has passed successfully - the electrical cable is ready to use.

In what cases should be used to layer pipe cable

Using pipes for mounting electrical wiring is recommended for rooms having elevated level Humidity and sharp temperature differences. These are the premises of baths, basements and unheated buildings. Another indicator for the use of steel pipes is the presence of a high fire hazard premises - an example can be considered a fully wooden house.

In this way, the electrical cable is packed in:

1. Living spaces;
2. Industrial premises;
3. Manufacturing workshops;
4. Other buildings and premises in which the presence of high mechanical loads, caustic chemical substances, vapors and gases, as well as in cases where dust or explosive substances can enter the wiring.

Features of mounting and laying electrical cables.

In order to pave the cable outside the buildings, most often use plastic, asbetic, steel and other pipes that protect electrical wiring from mechanical damage, and also do not affect it aggressive soils, wandering currents.

If the cable is packed in a pipe in a residential room, one of two ways is used:

1. Hidden. When planning laying in the stroke, the pipe is mounted directly into the shock in the wall or floor, after which this place is plastering.
2. Open. This method is to fasten the pipes to the walls, for which brackets or clamps are used.

Managing the electrical cable in the pipes that are laid vertically, is taken at the bottom.

To connect the pipes, welding uses, you can connect with sleeves and cuffs without sealing in dry rooms. Used to connect pipes and special couplings on the thread. Swivel places are fastened with knees on a thread. In order to avoid damage to the cable during its stretching about sharp edges of the pipes, these places are paved with plastic sleeves.

In order to avoid the accumulation of condensate on the pipes, and that the condensate accumulates from their surface, you need to mount them with a slight bias.

How to pave an electrical cable in the trays

The use of this method of installation of power cables is suitable in cases if it is:

1. Electrical room;
2. Technical floor of buildings;
3. Basement;
4. Pumping station;
5. Compressor station;
6. Passage between shields;
7. Or other technical premises.

The power cable, laid in the open-type trays, has the following advantages over the cable laying in the pipes:

1. The cost of trays is less than the cost of pipes.
2. It is easily checked by the service of the cable, since the lids from the trays can be simply removed.
3. The sections are easily replaced or a cable is added if necessary.
4. The cable does not need to stretch - it is placed mechanical method - It allows you to avoid unwanted abrasion of his shells.

What is practical electrical cable channels?

Sometimes you can face the situation when the room is completely finished, but suddenly there was a need cable wiring. Either, built a fully wooden house in which you need to perform electric cable wiring. In both cases, you can find a good output: Pour the cable to the Cable Cable - this open method Gaskets. Cable Channel is an electrical box.

The most aesthetic option of open wiring is the cable paving in the cable.

Quite often cable channels are manufactured white colorbut if desired it is possible to find different colorsimitating wood. So the box will be invisible visually on wooden Walls. The box can be made of plastic, steel or aluminum.

When installing an electrical cable in the cable channel, you must perform the following work:

1. Remove the lid from the box and attach it to the wall using for this dowel. This work will be difficult if the wall is very uneven.
2. Pave the cable. In the box, the cable does not need to be fixed.
3. After laying the cable, the temporary and installation of stationary covers per box are removed.

The cable channel is stacked by segments two meters. With a high length of the wiring, in order to temporarily fix the cable, time fasteners are installed at certain intervals, the roles of which serves pieces of the lid.

In the same way, the cable in the plinth with the cable-channel provided in them is stacked. Through such a plinth, cables of stationary telephones, the Internet, computer and television antenna are stretched.

How to pave a cable in sewage?

Cable sewers are:

1. Viewing wells;
2. Pipes;
3. Installation devices.

Paving cable B. sewage system Urban jungle, you get a guarantee of its security. The cable is paved in the existing sewer or create new system Employees of a special organization that need to get the necessary permission before that.

Laying cable in sewage is the most reliable way in cities, because it gives a guarantee that the cable will not damage the workers during land workAnd the cable is reliably protected from negative external influence. This is recommended to use special cable For laying underground.

All methods for laying the electrical cable, which are described above, are good at certain stages of laying and starting conditions. It is only necessary not to forget that before choosing a way or another and the beginning of the cable laying, it is better to consult with experts who can recommend that specific types of cable suitable for you, or offer the most acceptable laying methods.

Methods of gaskets and materials used in open wiring.

There are two types of wiring - it is hidden and open. As a rule, it is better open from the point of view of the design of the room and in energy indicators, because The wires under the layer of plaster are cooled better than outdoors and their tracks and dispensing boxes do not interfere with the placement of furniture and equipment.

However, in addition to the merits, the hidden wiring has its drawbacks. This is the need for the walls of the walls and their subsequent recovery, labor intensity of the work performed, construction trash, the need to stop technological processes indoors, complexity of follow-up diagnostics and modernization, etc. Especially difficult, of course, if the recommendations of PUE are followed.

Open wiring is often made inside buildings when changing the owner, because It is much faster, cheaper and can be easily adding easily or deleted its segments. In buildings and structures made of combustible materials, open wiring is the preferred and most common way to install lighting and power grid.

There are several ways to lay open wiring. Consider each of them.

Laying open wiring twisted wire on insulators

Historically, the very first way is laying twisted wire suspended to walls and cerations on ceramic insulators. This method of wiring can be seen in rustic houses The beginning of the last century. But, oddly enough, now it is in fashion (open wiring using a twisted wire or, differently)

Replicas are built like antiques and vintage houses. People want authenticity and flag to them. But the materials are quite difficult. It is very difficult to get ceramic insulators for open wiring. You can advise only, minimize them in abandoned houses or search for Made in China among goods.

The twisted wire will also have to be manufactured manually. For this will suit multi copper wires, desirable, with double insulation and with a cross section of at least two and a half square millimeters. If you have chosen such a way, know that the fashion comes and goes, and the wiring will remain with you ...

Laying open wiring on brackets

With other methods of laying, it is better to use hard single-core cables in double (VG NG) or even triple (NY) insulation with copper conductors. 2,5 square millimeters wire cross-section for sockets and 1.5 square millimeters for lighting. Such cables are fixed with electrical brackets directly to the surface, if the cross section of the core does not exceed 6 millimeters of square and the gasket is carried out with one cable.

If you, by some considerations you want to use a cheaper, such as PUNP, then it is necessary to install a non-flammable gasket. This is usually a metal or asbestos. The gasket is put so that it performs 10 mm on each side of the cable. Another way is to ensure an air gap of at least 10 mm from a fuel basis. Last method Reminds the installation of the cable on ceramic insulators.

Experience shows that when making open wiring asbestos, it is better not to use, because This is a toxic material. If you are using for open wiring of NG or NYM NYM proper section, you can refuse gaskets. This method is the cheapest, but from the point of view of aesthetics is very controversial. This is especially striking in the place of passing several parallel cables.

Laying open wiring in a corrugated pipe

From aesthetic point of view, this is a more preferred method. In addition, do not support combustion and protect the electrocabels mechanically. Pipes to walls are fixed with special clips or plastic and metal ties. One corrugation can be tightened several cables at once, but in the case of modification of the wiring, you will have to change all cables extended in this corrugation.

Corrugated pipe well falls on uneven walls From the cylindded log and looks better than a separate cable. Such a pipe, in addition, provides an air gap between the wall and open wiring cables. An embodiment of the corrugated pipe is rigid PND tube. It should be noted that if we are talking about open wiring in wooden houses, when the walls are passed, you need to use metal sleeves. They protect the wiring in the event of a wood shrinkage.

Open wiring in cable - channels and electrical boxes and plinths

In this case, the cables are stacked in pre-mounted on walls and ceiling. Cable Channels Made of plastic not supporting combustion. Beautifully install the box is quite difficult, because If the walls are not even, then they emphasize it. Wanted skill, skill and good tool. Wires laid in the channels are closed with snap-in lids.

An important advantage of cable channels is a simple possibility of upgrading the wiring by laying additional wires into already laid channels. For cable channels produced a large number of Accessories: corners, tees, built-in sockets and boxes, etc. The presence of various accessories greatly facilitates installation.

Open electrical wiring With this method of installation, it turns out the most beautiful. Moreover acrylic paints And their shopping tip allows you to "disguise" white cable - channels against the background of multi-colored walls.