Features of the replacement of wiring in the panel house. Location of wiring in the panel house panel houses circuit hidden wiring

At one time, the leadership of our country took over the obligations to provide every seven separate apartment. It is clear that before, and after that, there were still many different beautiful promises, and we had a completely different state. However, to fulfill the promise about individual apartments tried sincerely. High hopes in this question were imposed on the technology of building houses from the panels.

Panels are reinforced concrete products produced in the factory. On the self construction site They remain only to collect on the principle, not far from the principle for which children's constructors gather.

Technology is really fast, but the same type panel houses were not the best option For people's stay. Low noise insulation, a large level of heat loss, low durability ... But we actually want to talk at all about the lack of panel housing. After all, the house is not only building structures. This is also engineering communications.

And we are interested in one of these communications - electrical wiring. And really - to make the frame from the panels at all for a long time and is not difficult. But about the same posting should be taken in advance. Therefore, in the designs of the panels there are grooves and emptiness intended.

Thus, a typical technical solution for wiring has a reference.

Apartment input 220 volts

In most cases, the accounting device, the introductory switching apparatus and group automatic switches Apartments B. panel house Located in places common use. Namely - in the entrances. Moreover, the distribution shields traditionally used in panel houses have an embedded version and can accommodate switching and accounting equipment for four apartments. More Individual apartments on the floor site of the panel house usually do not happen.

Common camshafts are located on each floor smoothly over the other, it allows you to save them from a general-friendly man, without much difficulty with the help of vertically laid trunk conductor of increased cross-section (risers).

In case the ground grounding system is old, TNC (and most often it happens), then there are four riser wires: three phases to which chess order Apartments are connected, and zero, common to all and used, among other things, to reveal metal housing shield itself.

Modern panel houses can be used. In this system, in addition to the three phase and zero working conductor, a fifth, zero protective conductor, which is used to ground the current-carrying parts, including the housing of the shield is used.

In some cases, for example, when there are more than four apartments on the site, the introductory shield of each apartment of the panel house is individual and is located in the apartment itself.

Entering the apartment can be performed from the distribution device, located again on the site. But the option is also possible when the riser wires pass directly in the wall niche apartments on each floor.

Thus for the input of 220 volts of apartments in the panel house, the following options are possible:

1. The entry as such is absent, since the conductors of group lines are stretched directly from the overall switchboard on the site, or the apartment shield is installed directly at the place of laying of riser conductors.

2. Enter is a conductor connecting switchgear On the floor playground and the distribution room shield located in the apartment.

Lighting and sockets

For the laying of these cable lines, factory fines are provided on the construction panels, substantially facilitating installation. At the construction stage, cable lines are simply laid and attached in these stable using a nylon strip, a dowel-clamp or any other material. For the internal empties of overlaps are used.

Holes in the walls for installing switches and sockets can also be factory, and can be performed separately with the corrodies along the concrete and perforator.

After laying cables on the apartment, finishers enter, the stages are embarrassed together with the walls of the walls, the wallpaper is glued, and the cables are completely hidden from the eyes. Wiring in panel houses is almost never open.

Installing outlets and switches in the apartment of the panel house has almost no specificity. The only feature: at the construction stage by installation boxes, as a rule, neglected, and the sockets with switches are put on its struts directly into the holes in the wall.

Subsequently, it often happens that the spacers of the sockets can no longer hold the product in the hole, and the socket falls out, especially if it is often inserted and the plug is often inserted without sticking the housing.

Cables for connecting ceiling luminaires and chandeliers are neatly displayed in the openings of the overlaps preliminary stage. For fasteners, lamps use ordinary dowels with self-draws. And the chandeliers are most often attached with their own hook, which clings to any element in the void of overlap. Often, this element is an ordinary nested welding electrode or bar of reinforcement.

Connection line electric stove

For the electric stove in Soviet panel houses, special connectors were used with a large current value. Often these connectors were three-phase in their execution. However, the real 380 volts for connecting the slab in the apartment of the panel house - the rarity.

Most often, the three-phase connector is displayed with the same 220 volts of a larger cross section. Moreover, if the entire apartment is half a two-wire system, then the electrical stove line can have an additional protective zero conductor connected to the input shield housing.

For strip cable line Electric stoves are used the same stages and voids in building structures as for the sockets and lighting chains.

Repair and modernization of wiring in the panel house

The most important thing is to remember that it is impossible to stroke the bearing walls and the ceiling. Therefore, as far as possible, it is necessary to open and use existing fines and voids of overlaps.

However, the problem is that the location of these voids and the stranges can not at all. And if in this situation is unacceptable, or undesirable due to excessive dust and laboriousness, and at the same time it is necessary that the wiring is still hidden, then one output remains: Mount the wiring under the trim sheet Material. In this case, the cables are simply, and then sewed by sheets of GLC, GVL or plywood using special guides.

When using the trim, installation and junction boxes for hollow walls are used: it should not be forgotten too.

If you do not want to sacrifice the size of the premises for the sake of the plating, then no other exit except for at least partially open wiring remains. Then the best technical decision It will become mounted only on the "problem" plot, within which it is impossible to stroke anything and do not want to stake anything.

Alexander Molokov

In every house, wiring looks different. It all depends on the prepression of the construction, from overlappings, the material from which the walls are made. In order to perform the work associated with in the panel house, there must be an electrical wiring scheme of the apartment.

How the wiring is arranged in the panel house

Walls and overlaps in such houses are made of reinforced concrete panels. Mostly all the walls are carriers. Often, the wiring in such houses is laid in the magby channels specially prepared at the stage. These channels are located in strictly allocated places, so moving outlets and switches in the panel house - a big problem.

The wiring diagram in the panel houses provides that the wiring in each apartment must be carried out equally. But often wiring in different houses and even B. different apartments One house was carried out in different ways.

The scheme of which involves styling it at the final stage of construction, is often between the panels of ceilings and walls. The meter is located on the staircase, but, of course, there are craftsmen who carry it into the apartments. In the apartments, drown it in the wall will not work, due to the thickness of the walls. Therefore, the meter is located in the corridors or storage rooms.

Wiring in a panel house, the scheme of which involves its mandatory presence, is usually in the screed, ceiling or walls, under the plaster.

The best option is if the wiring is in the wall and worse if it is located in the floor or ceiling. The wiring diagram in the panel houses itself is very obsolete.

Options wiring

Wiring in the house, scheme. In the panel house, the wiring can be carried out in two ways:

1. This method is more obsolete. Wiring goes on the floor in special dutches in the stove - strokes. These ditches are made back at the production stage, the email scheme of the house provides them in advance. On the walls, the wiring is allowed over the stove and covered with plaster. Also in the ceiling.

Such wiring is easy to replace. Performing installation of wiring in the panel house, you need to consider that independent device Strokes in the walls of such houses is prohibited. But few takes into account this, when making installation. In this case, the most optimal option will create a new scheme for the wiring.

1. The second way is more modern. In new buildings, the wiring in the house and the scheme of its laying provides for more convenient and optimal options. Roughly speaking is the wiring in the panel house, the scheme of which provides for the smartest distribution of groups of consumers.

The need to replace wiring in the panel house

Wiring in the house, the scheme of which involves some reasons for its replacement:

• expiration of the service life of the wire;
• increased electricity load. In this case, the old wiring must be replaced with a new one;
• the threat of livelihoods is the connection of consumers without protective grounding.

In any case for conducting professional mount Electric wiring of a panel house, best to contact the specialists.

The cost of such works is relatively low, but this option is much safer than to conduct or change the wiring yourself.

With a complete replacement of the wiring, the cost depends on the number of points. If the installation will still be conducted by a specialist, then you need to know that the installation of chandeliers, switches, sockets has a separate cost.

Calculation of wiring in the panel house

The calculation in the electrical wiring panel house is projected. Such a project can be ordered from organizations that specialize in these works.

If the project will be made independently, then you need to consider some points: correctly select the material and take into account the conditions for heating the current.

In addition, the wiring must be durable, reliable, long serve and not turn into a threat or. Creating a wiring scheme in the house is required condition security. Such a scheme in case of malfunction, will help find them and eliminate.

Mostly panel houses are quite old, so communication in them must be changed. This also applies to apartment premises, where old wiring. The wiring in such houses was carried out by an aluminum wire, which is unacceptable in modern standards. However, not quite just do overhaul Wiring in such houses. This article will discuss how easier and better make a replacement of wiring in the panel house.

Electrical installation principle in the panel house

All cables are laid in panel Canalwhich were made still at the factory. These channels are specifically made for easy wire mounting, they are also placed only in certain places. In order to find longitudinal holes, you should navigate the switches and sockets. Where this accessory is, there are channels. There is no other method to move them, except to stamp and knock out new holes.

Wires for chandeliers are laid through the channels that are in the overlap. They are also mounted in small spaces between ceiling panel and the wall in those places where the result will stand ceiling baguette. However, when the wiring is replaced, it is necessary to take into account that even in the homes of the same type or in one house, but on different floors, wire wiring can be made completely differently. Such a phenomenon inherent due to the fact that on one construction facility There could be several electricians brigades that installed cables in a different way.

Based on this, it is impossible to rely on what was observed, for example, that the switch is located under the distribution box, or that all wires are laid strictly vertically or horizontally. Such simple rules It can be broken, so you should be neat and careful not to damage the old wires. In such situations, experience will help, it is always important before you dismantle something to check and make sure that the cable will not be damaged.

Also used seams that are between panels on the ceiling or those that between the wall and the ceiling, as shown in the photo below:

The counter is usually installed on staircase. After all, it is very difficult to drown it in the panel so that he does not drank. However, it can be put on external walls or in storage rooms. Usually from the meter, which is located on the landing, the cable is laid in an apartment before the distribution shield.

Causes to replace wiring

There are several reasons due to which it is necessary to replace the old wiring:

• depreciation of aluminum wires;
• the old electrical circuit will not stand the load that is required for modern household appliances;
• in old houses is not provided;
• overhaul or redevelopment is made in the apartment, as a consequence you need to change the wires on the three-wire electricity supply system.

Despite the fact that the replacement of the entire wiring is an expensive event, it is necessary to do. It should be remembered that the use of old, unreliable is very unsafe, so sooner or later it will have to be replaced. If you want to save, you can make such a replacement with your own hands. Due to old age, not only the wire is spoiled, but also isolation. For example, insulation cracks, the stripped ends of the cable are burning, and the aluminum wires are very broken, so they must be changed on. Also, over time, switches and sockets come into disrepair, so with a complete replacement of wiring, accessories should be changed.

Possible Wire Gaskets

Replacing the old wiring in the panel house begins with the preparation of a new scheme. Also replacing wiring is divided into two options: or complete.

If you need to replace all cables in the panel house, you should make a new scheme. To do everything right, the specialist will need an old scheme. The new scheme will serve as a step-by-step instruction in the execution of electro mounting work.

First, it is necessary to determine where the load will be. For example, the kitchen usually consumes the highest amount of electricity. If we talk about ordinary room, then enough one or two outlets on 5 square meters. Given the needs of the kitchen, four outlets will be needed on the same room. Also, we should not forget that for instruments with high electricity consumption, separate lines from the shield must be dragged. To some household appliances You need to lay a copper cable with a cross section of up to 4-6 squares.

Another room that requires special attention - This is a bathroom, because it is distinguished by high humidity. Therefore, it should be connected through the differential machine or the RCD. According to. Clause 7.1.48 of its triggering should not be more than 30 mA. Uzo must also be put to protect individual electrical appliances that are most dangerous in terms of defeat electric shock – washer, Water heater, hydromassage box, bath with hydromassage. In the kitchen is dishwasher and electric furnace.

By replacing the wiring in the panel house use several methods of laying a new cable:

• in the slabs of the ceiling overlap;
• under the ceiling coating;
• on the walls - under the plaster, under plasterboard;
• on the floor in the screed.

The most common way to lay the cable is the cable laying under the stucco. In order to carry out the installation, you should make holes in which the cable will be laid and secured. After laying over the cables, layer plaster is applied. Using this method you can stretch several lines in one stick. You can also separately lay cables for lighting, different devices, air conditioners, and other heating devices.

Ideally lay cables on old channels, because then you can put the wires without sticking, and save time. Therefore, it is desirable to use the paths for which old cables were laid. Basically, it is possible to use places where aluminum cables were simply plastered, for example, in the seams between the wall and the ceiling. The seams are places in which it is easy to pave a new wiring.

Replacing old cables, it should be remembered that the channels in which they are located can be used to bring a new copper cable to the outlet or switch. However, the channel can only be used if the accessories will stand in the previous places and if the old cable can be pulled out when dismantling.

In most cases, it is very difficult to find and use channels, so some experts recommend not to waste time for long searches and cleaning channels. Therefore, for the horizontal gasket in the panel house it is advisable to stretch the cable over the top joint between the wall and the ceiling. In this place, there is usually a gap that is either attached, or clogged with cotton.

Alternative option - and make the shutters only in places of descent to sockets and switches. You can hide the cable attached from above by making a tension or suspended ceiling.

When replacing the wiring in the panel house, it is first necessary to determine which will be replaced: partial or full. Also be sure to use old channels. In order to implement this work Need to have good tool. However, it is preferable that the electrician's replacement in the panel house is carried out by a specialist.

Important! Remember that making horizontal shoes in carriersoh panel houses It is impossible. This can lead to the collapse of the wall. It also prohibits various regulatory documents, for example, the ruling of the Government of Moscow of February 8, 2005 N 73-PP "On the procedure for reorganization of premises in residential buildings On the territory of the city of Moscow. "" and Government Decree No. 508 (paragraphs 11.3 and 11.11 Appendix No. 1).

Step-by-step instructions for replacing electrical wiring

We reviewed the main ways to install wiring in the apartment of the panel house. Now let's talk directly about the rules for replacing the old wiring. For the convenience of perception of the material, we will provide all stages of work in the form step by step instructions. So, it is necessary to change the electrical wiring in the following sequence:

1. . First of all, you need to completely de-energize the line and make sure there is no voltage. The only thing that you can use is one time socket for connecting the perforator, grinder or drill, without which it will be impossible to replace the wiring. The temporary socket is connected in the shield or to an input machine, or to one of the group machines. All other lines, except for a temporary outlet, must be disabled. You can make sure that there is no voltage using a multimeter, which must also be prepared.
2. Dismantling of old fittings. At this stage, you must move all the furniture and equipment from the walls, access all distribution boxes, sockets and switches. To begin with, dismantle the sockets and switches to remain only wires in the wall. After that, you will need to find junction boxes and disconnect all the connections of the wires of them.
3. Next what needs to be done. If dismantling is greatly difficult or impossible without damaging the walls itself, you can simply leave the old wires in the wall, having pre-disconnecting them from the shield, cutting to the maximum possible length and by relating the ends with the tape. If possible, it is better to completely dismantle the wiring, it is necessary to leave it in the panels in the most extreme cases.
4. The choice of a new way of laying wiring (we wrote above). If it is decided to lay a cable in new strokers, you need to pre-make new shoes on its basis. If you just decided to replace the wiring in the panel house, without changing the schemes, it is enough to put the cable into the old channels, after preparing them. You can also make an open wiring in the plinths, but this is not the most suitable and rational option.
5. Installation of new wiring - installation of junction boxes, laying individual lines to powerful consumers, installation of sockets and switches, assembly of the flap. We told about all this in detail when we described the technology of installing wiring in the apartment. We will not repeat, just study the following material :.
6. Checking the mounted wiring. With the help of special devices (megaommeter and multimeter) you need to check the new wiring on the absence short circuitand also produce. If everything is in order, you can move to the sealing of the stroke and finishing work. For verification work It is better to call a specialist, pay a small amount, but to be sure that the electrical unit produced is safe.

That's all the technology on which the electrical wiring is carried out in the panel house. Finally, we recommend viewing useful videos.

Old panel houses are equipped with power grids based on aluminum wires. In modern facilities, this material is not used, since the rules require the use of copper wiring. As a result, the replacement of wiring in the panel house of the old sample is an urgent need for homeowners. In this article we will tell about the nuances of the wiring in panel buildings And about the ways to replace it.

Features of wiring in the panel house

There are many series of panel houses with distinguished configurations. However, in all such buildings wall panel acts as a carrier element. This circumstance is extremely important to arrange electrical wiring in a panel building. The essence is that in the bearing walls it is impossible to create a shutdown, since they significantly weaken the carrying structure. The cable laying is possible only by special channels created in the factory conditions.

Wiring in panel structures is located in the ceiling area or walls. Often old wiring in the panel house can be found in the places of the wall connection with the ceiling. This place was chosen due to the presence of a small space between the wall and the ceiling panel, where the cables were laid.

It should be noted that, despite the presence in the plates of the factory channels, the search for wires is quite complex. Often happens so that electrical circuits They differ even on two adjacent floors with rooms of the same layout.

In addition to bearing walls in apartment panel houses, there are also partitions. They are most often produced from wood or drywall. Use partitions for laying wires is not recommended, since the thickness of such walls is not suitable for the organization hidden wiring.

Sockets and switches in multi-storey residential buildings are located at a certain level from the floor: for outlets, this indicator should not exceed 90 centimeters, and for switches - 150-170 centimeters. In old houses, the wires were often laid with two lines: on sockets and lighting devices.

In apartments equipped with electric stoves instead of gas, for this device, a separate cable was sometimes envisaged. This scheme today is not recommended. Proper layout should include separate nutritional wires for consumer groups and ground wire.

The need for replacement

The wiring in the panel house can be replaced by the following reasons:

1. The old scheme does not provide for the simultaneous use of several types of powerful household appliances.
2. Aluminum wires were subjected to significant wear.
3. There is no grounding wire.
4. The apartment is redeveloped and the transition to a three-wire or five-wire system of supplying electricity is necessary.

Wiring replacement is an expensive event, however, with time inevitable. It is impossible to allow the room to be operated with an old unreliable electrical wiring, as it is unsafe. So it will have to spend all the same. Another thing is that in the presence of certain knowledge and skills, you can save if you do your own work.

It is aging not only wires, but also insulating material. Over time, insulation begins to crack, the ends of the wire break and burn. Gradually wear out and sockets with switches. Therefore, the replacement of wiring is usually accompanied by installing new fittings.

Cable laying options

Replacing the existing wiring to a new must begin with the compilation of the scheme. Replacing wiring is like partial and complete. If all the wires are subject to replacement, you will need a completely new scheme. Drawing up such a scheme is better entrusted with a professional electrician. At the same time, for the correct orientation, it will be needed and the old scheme.

As a rule, the largest consumer of electricity in the apartment is a kitchen. For the usual room there is enough single outlet for 5-7 square meters, but for modern kitchen There are already 3 outlets for the same area. For one electric stove, you need a separate outlet with a cable, the cross section of which is between 4 and 6 millimeters.

Bathroom is another room with special operating conditions. Basic distinctive feature bathroom - increased humidity. Therefore, the sockets here should be installed only through the distribution transformer.

There are several ways to lay the electrocabilities: under the plaster, on the floor or under the ceiling, in the ceiling. Below will look at the features of each of the options.

Laying wires under the plaster

Most. affordable way Wiring arrangement is the laying of electrocabilities under the plastered surface of the wall or ceiling. To install, you will need to create holes on the surface where the fasteners will be installed. Then you can lay the wires and apply the layer of plaster.

The method allows you to send several lines to each room. Not only lighting devices, but also air conditioning, heating devices, as well as other types of powerful household appliances can get on their own line.

The disadvantage of this option is that there are practically no plaster in the panel buildings. As a result, you will have to carry additional costs of money and time to shockting the surface.

Wiring on the floor or under the ceiling

Wiring can be organized on the floor if the concrete tie is planned from above. Cables are placed in corrugated pipes, which are then poured with concrete. Wires can be positioned in the suspended ceiling.

The complexity of the implementation of this method is that the sockets cannot be placed where the wiring (ceiling or floor) is located, and you will have to install on the walls. As a result, you will have to lay the way the cable to the outlets. It is possible to do it with a stroke of the walls or hide the electricity transmission line under the stucco.

Another option is the organization of open wiring. Most often wires are placed in plastic boxes or pipes. Lay wires in this case It is necessary in places where the likelihood of random mechanical damage is minimized. Dignity open type Wiring gaskets is that this operation can be carried out even when the apartment is finished repairs. However, open cables are not too suitable for residential premises from aesthetic point of view. In addition, this is not the best decision From the point of view of security.

The optimal option in which the electrical wiring is replaced in the panel house is the use of old cable channels or seams between the panels. At the same time, from the edge of the channel, most likely, you will have to beat the old cement to provide free cable laying.

Note! The cable in the channel should be laid without any fixation.

Features of sticking

As mentioned earlier, it is prohibited in the carrier panels. However, the ban applies only to horizontal sticking, but the vertical shock is permissible to do. Despite the possibility of creating vertical strokes, too deep furrows should not create, as it will weaken the design. The maximum allowable depth of the shifts should not exceed 10 millimeters. In any case, when creating a shifting, it is impossible to break the reinforcement.

The fixation of the wiring in the strokes is carried out by alabaste mixture or dowels-clamps. If a dowel-clamp is used, you will need drill holes for their installation. Shorts are done using a perforator or a specialized tool - strokeware. The latter is more adapted to create a stroke, since a pair of laser circles and a dust removal device is equipped.

Note! Stroke must be carried out in compliance with safety. It is recommended to use safety glasses and a respirator.

Overlooking holes must comply with the following sizes: depth - up to 45 millimeters, diameter - from 75 millimeters and higher. The specific sizes of the opening depend on the dimensional dimensions.

When it comes to a panel house, it makes sense to think about installing a new shield. Often the machines are located in inter-storey panels. It is reasonable to leave there only the main switch and electric meter, but your shield is placed in a residential room.

The optimal option for location in the apartment is a hidden design of the shield. Such a shield can be hidden in plasterboard boxIf there is no suitable niche in the hallway. Near the shield often placed security alarm and intercom.

Tools and materials

For installation work, the following tools will be needed:

• a perforator with a crown (to create holes under the submersion) and drills (to create holes for the installation of a dowel-clamp);
• chisel;
• a hammer;
• passatia;
• screwdrivers on plus and minus;
• nippers;
• roulette;
• soldering iron (power up to 60 W);
• putty knife;
• indicator.

Such materials will also be needed:

• copper wire with three veins (section for lighting devices - 1,5 square millimeters, for sockets - 2.5 square millimeters);
• outbreaks;
• sockets;
• switches;
• dowel-clamp;
• alabaste mix;
• terminals;
• insulating tape;
• wire (cross section - 1.5 square millimeters).

Posting Replacement Instructions

Several stages of work.

De-energization

Before replacing the wiring, you need to dismantle the old wires. To do this, you need to completely turn off the current indoor. After disconnection, check the presence of current using the multimeter. Also remove the furniture from the room (or move it from the walls). Rosettes and switches remove.

We prepare a temporary socket to connect a perforator and any other power tools. Connect the socket immediately after the electric meter. This accessure is placed on the table. Also equip a table with an automatic 16-ampered switch. After the outlet is prepared, de-energize the room.

Dismantling

We remove the wiring with the distribution circuit. Boxes are distinguished by the presence of circular removable plastic covers. Wires disconnect and carefully withdraw old wires from the wall. If you need to search for cables, use a metal detector.

In panel buildings dismantling works Often consist in the usual seizure of wires from the distribution unit. However, exceptions occur when the wire is located in such a way that its pulling entails destruction building construction. In this case, you can isolate this section from the system. For this, the old wires are cut as much as possible and are isolated carefully.

Channels for wires

After removing the wiring, we prepare the walls to the laying of the new network. To do this, we do special channels in the wall. To get a smooth stroke, in advance of the two lines on the wall, settle from each other for a couple of centimeters. Well, if there are old channels, since the stroke in this case will not need. We also mark the plots where sockets and switches will be installed.

Protects are done by a perforator or a grinder to a depth of about 4 centimeters. The hammer and chisel use to remove small fragments of the material.

Distribution boxes

The next stage is the installation of the distribution unit. They need to be immediately fixed in the installation places. The fixing substance is a cement solution. The cable is laid from the shield to the distribution channels.

Laying of wires

To determine the correctness of the wire laying, we use the level. The cable length should be in accordance with the length of the shit. Wires should not be too much or too little.

Wires we connect with each other terminals. We produce twists in such a way as not to confuse the ends of the wires on the phase. All twists are in the camshafts.

The correct compound is performed as follows:

• we clean the end of the wire (3-5 centimeters);
• purified ends twist with each other and shorten on a centimeter;
• isolate wires using a tape or terminals.

Cable cables in electrical panel, should be divided into separate lines. The distribution scheme is recommended to be in advance. Each line will require your switch. Such a scheme is especially good if there are powerful electrical electrical devices in the house, since individual lines will be better cope with the transmission of the desired current. Also, the presence of individual lines makes it easier repair work with electrical wiring.

Wiring can be placed in corrugated or conventional pipes laid in the strokes. This will ensure more high level Security in comparison with wiring placed under the layer of putty. In addition, in the future, it will be easier to replace the wiring when dismantling will be simply in pulling cables from the pipe through the distribution unit.

System Testing

The laying of the solution in the shoes only after you are convinced of the operability of the power grid. To do this, we need a multimeter with which we will call the system. This device allows you to find a short circuit in the case of an incorrectly installed connection.

If defects in the system are not detected, shut off the putty, install sockets, switches and lighting devices. A temporary socket is turned off and a new wiring is connected instead.

So, in replacing the wiring in the panel house there is nothing complicated. However, as mentioned earlier, it is recommended that the scheme is recommended to agree with the electrician, and when performing installation work, instructions should be clearly followed.

To date, almost every second home, both in a large megalopolis and a small province, is panel. Such a wide popularity of these buildings is largely due to simplicity, low cost and rapid pace construction work. At the beginning of this century, literally, panel highways began to appear, because they allowed as soon as possible Ensure housing a large number of of people.

But in this article we will not consider the advantages and disadvantages of these structures, and will respond in detail to all questions that relate to the replacement of the electrical wiring system in the panel house.

Features of the replacement of wiring in panel houses

If you have the need to replace the wiring, then before starting repair and installation work, you need to familiarize yourself with the specifics of panel apartments, so as not to de-energize the whole house. In addition, it will help you to figure out how the wiring is arranged in the panel house and in which scheme it was carried out.

It is no secret that panel type structures have one most important constructive feature - A large number of reinforced concrete panels, which form the framework of the whole construction. It is worth noting that panel houses differ in their configuration and have a common carrier panel. This feature is important to consider before starting the laying and replacing the wiring, so as not to create in the wall of the shoes. Regulatory I. technical documentationwhich regulates the rules of safe maintenance electrical systems In residential buildings, it categorically prohibits changing wiring at the expense of the strokers, because they are able to raise the design strongly, having reduced its service life.

Where is the wiring in panel houses?

In order for installing workable wiring in the panel house during construction work, it was performed efficiently and correctly, it is necessary to simply pave special channels. In each of the elements, such "passages" are already originally, since the material is prepared for work at the production stage. All that is required from the builders is to detect channels and extend cables. But remember that without basic ideas about the functioning of electrical systems in residential complexes, you are unlikely to do everything as needed. Each of the channels is located in a certain sequence, which in no case cannot be disrupted. In addition, do not forget that in each of the residential structures, this order may differ. In any case, when performing work it is worth running out the scheme.

This greatly complicates the procedure and replacing the wiring takes more time, but if you have experience and necessary knowledge, then believe me, you will not have any problems and incidents. As a rule, the channels are located on the ceiling (at level inter-storey overlaps) In order to ensure lighting in the rooms, as well as in those places where sockets and switches are located.

Recognize a plot where the channel is located, can also be on the emptiness in the walls. In some panel houses it is located in the area ceiling plinths. In real estate of old type builders often tried to save square meters And hid wiring in the panel house in the most unpredictable places. In this case, when repairing or installation work, it is correct to turn on the scheme.

Quite often, the electrical wiring is hidden in the seam between the wall panels.

It is worth noting that with proper operation, with an average, the service life of the electrician cables is approximately 20-25 years. But, alas, no one is immune from breakdowns and faults that may occur after current drops, so you need to be ready to eliminate similar nuances. Modern wiring in the panel house is usually general, but if you have to deal with buildings of the USSR times or restructuring, then do not be surprised if you notice two linear current distribution - on ceiling lamps And on the sockets separately.

Council. If you just purchased an apartment in a new building and wish to figure out how the electrician is arranged in it, it is best to attract experienced professionals to this case. Do not forget that the scheme is not only regulatory document, but also a drawing that will be real help with possible repair Power grids.

Below we will consider in detail the features that are inherent in each of the options for laying wires.

But not always the installation of wiring under the plaster is possible, since in some panel structures from the developer, it is not, as such. In such a case, there are two ways to solve - choose another way to install the wiring or independently apply the layer of plaster before starting installation work. But, of course, it will entail additional and, and considerable spending.

Option number 2. Installation of wiring on the ceiling

If you wish to make wiring invisible, today it is quite possible. For this, technology was specifically developed. stretch ceilings. It helps not only hide the wires, but also make invisible existing irregularities and chips. If you beat this business to professionals, then no difficulties will arise. Just consider that this method implies open-type wiring.

Everything needs to be aware of the stroke

To date, acting normative documents, as already mentioned, it is strictly forbidden to spend the horizontal stroke of overlaps and carrier structures. But this rule does not apply to the vertical direction. Of course, it is not worth overdoing not to loosen the walls of the structure. The deepening should be no more than 1 cm. When conducting data, it is impossible to touch and deform fittings.

You can fix the wiring with the help of construction dowels-clamps or a salbastra solution.

Remember! Strobling - the process of dusty and difficult. If you decide to spend it yourself, take care, as it should be about your safety. You will need special glasses to protect your eyes, as well as a respirator. To speed up the work, it is advisable to use strokesis.

Eliminating the mistakes made, can do it much more expensive than the initial replacement with the services of real masters. You can simplify the process of stretching the wire using steel wire. In addition, with its use, you can also quickly and easily dismantle.

Stages of work

• When you found or approved in the relevant authorities, the wiring scheme prepared all necessary materials, as well as tools, you can start replacing the wiring.
• They all sockets, you need to choose one that will remain working and it will be a perforator, as well as other related equipment.
• It is necessary to disable current to the apartment of the panel house. It is important not only to de-energize the room, but also disconnect all the plugs that are connected to the meter. And only after the room has become safe, you can start dismantling work.

It is very important to check the current supply system to the possibility of short circuit. The final step is to apply putty and install sockets, lighting and switches.