The project of a 5-storey 3-section residential building was completed in 2011 on the basis of the design assignment and the Decree of the head of the rural settlement of Gabovskoye, Dmitrovsky district, Moscow region. The plot intended for construction, with a total area of ​​0.52 hectares, is located in the village of Gabovskoye, Dmitrovsky district, Moscow region. The project provides for a residential building for 53 apartments with an exploited attic and an exploited technical underground area. On the ground floor of the house there are office premises with workplaces for the administrative services of the Gabovskoye settlement in the amount of 19 places. The building was erected in October 2012.

Architectural and planning solutions:

Residential building - 5-storey, 3-section, rectangular shape, with an exploited attic and an exploited technical underground area. The dimensions of the house in the extreme axes are 15.3 × 53.32 m. The project provides for 3 ordinary rectangular sections. Inside the building from the 1st to the 5th floor there are apartments. On the ground floor there are also office premises with separate exits directly to the outside. Each section of the house has its own stairwell to which doors open. For the life support of people with limited mobility and people with handicapped ramps with a slope of 1:12 are provided at the entrances to the entrance and inside the building in front of the stairs.

Space-planning solutions:

The space-planning decisions of the building were made in accordance with the design assignment, technological solutions for residential and office space operating building regulations and norms, sanitary norms, technical regulations and town planning code. Structural scheme of the building - frameless wall, consisting of brick walls, hollow core slabs floors, roofing and monolithic reinforced concrete strip foundation. The load-bearing elements are foundations, walls and floor slabs. The building provides for an exploited attic for laying communications and an unexploited underground.

The walls of the building, external and internal, are brick (external b = 380 mm, internal transverse and longitudinal b = 250.380 mm). The basement of the building is made of solid red brick b = 510 mm. Floor slabs and coverings are prefabricated reinforced concrete. flights of stairs are made of metal stringers and prefabricated reinforced concrete steps. The platforms are reinforced concrete monolithic on metal beams. The roof is double pitched. The foundations of the building are monolithic reinforced concrete tape.

Technical and economic indicators of the designed object:

number of storeys of the building: overground floors - 5; attic - 1;
construction volume of the building: 12680.60 cubic meters m;
built-up area of ​​the building: 748.50 sq. m;
total building area: 663.54 sq. m;
living area of ​​the building: 663.54 sq. m;
number of apartments: 53 (including one-room: 36, two-room: 14, three-room: 3);
total area of ​​apartments: 2364.54 sq. m;
total built-in area: 410.50 sq. m;
square technical premises+ attic: 19.0 + 206.40 sq. m.

The project of a 5-storey 3-section residential building was completed in 2011 on the basis of the design assignment and the Decree of the head of the rural settlement of Gabovskoye, Dmitrovsky district, Moscow region. The plot intended for construction, with a total area of ​​0.52 hectares, is located in the village of Gabovskoye, Dmitrovsky district, Moscow region. The project provides for a residential building for 53 apartments with an exploited attic and an exploited technical underground area. On the ground floor of the house there are office premises with workplaces for the administrative services of the Gabovskoye settlement in the amount of 19 places. The building was erected in October 2012.

Architectural and planning solutions:

Residential building - 5-storey, 3-section, rectangular shape, with an exploited attic and an exploited technical underground area. The dimensions of the house in the extreme axes are 15.3 × 53.32 m. The project provides for 3 ordinary rectangular sections. Inside the building from the 1st to the 5th floor there are apartments. On the ground floor there are also office premises with separate exits directly to the outside. Each section of the house has its own stairwell to which doors open. For the life support of people with limited mobility and people with disabilities, ramps with a slope of 1:12 are provided at the entrances to the entrance and inside the building in front of the stairs.

Space-planning solutions:

The space-planning decisions of the building were made in accordance with the design assignment, technological solutions for residential and office space current building codes and regulations, sanitary standards, technical regulations and urban planning code. The structural scheme of the building is a frameless wall, consisting of brick walls, hollow core slabs, roofing and a monolithic reinforced concrete strip foundation. The load-bearing elements are foundations, walls and floor slabs. The building provides for an exploited attic for laying communications and an unexploited underground.

The walls of the building, external and internal, are brick (external b = 380 mm, internal transverse and longitudinal b = 250.380 mm). The basement of the building is made of solid red brick b = 510 mm. Floor slabs and coverings are prefabricated reinforced concrete. Flights of stairs are made of metal stringers and prefabricated reinforced concrete steps. The platforms are reinforced concrete monolithic on metal beams. The roof is double pitched. The foundations of the building are monolithic reinforced concrete tape.

Technical and economic indicators of the designed object:

number of storeys of the building: overground floors - 5; attic - 1;
construction volume of the building: 12680.60 cubic meters m;
built-up area of ​​the building: 748.50 sq. m;
total area buildings: 663.54 sq. m;
living area of ​​the building: 663.54 sq. m;
number of apartments: 53 (including one-room: 36, two-room: 14, three-room: 3);
total area of ​​apartments: 2364.54 sq. m;
total built-in area: 410.50 sq. m;
area of ​​technical premises + attic: 19.0 + 206.40 sq. m.

1990s

The ruins of the demolished Khrushchev in Moscow

The territories of demolished 5-storey panel houses are built up with 17-25-storey residential buildings, mainly new series of panel houses. Also continuing to build panel houses of the 88-91 series, from 1995-2002 they began to build brick panel houses with beige polygonal lining triangles

2000s

The center of the Novokosino district. Series P-44

• HMS-1
• Individual project monolith-brick
• I-155
• I-1723 The outer walls are made of bricks, the internal structure is made of panels.
• I-1724
• KOPE Height of residential premises - 2.64 m. The series is a house of layout (catalog) space-planning elements (abbreviated as "KOPE"), representing a vertical block in the height of the house and part of the section in the plan. The combined "KOPE" form residential complexes of various architecture.
• KOPE-M-PARUS More than 60 percent of the facade area is glass
• MES-84
• P-3M Height of living quarters - 2.64 m. Type - panel houses. Floors from 8 to 17.
• P-44T modification of the P-44 series, the main project of the DSK-1
• P-44TM compared to P-44T increased area of ​​apartments
• P111M
• PB-02 both panels and blocks are used in construction
• Series 75
• Series 87 (Ukraine)
• Series 83 (111-83) Series 83 houses were intended to replace series 1-468.
• Series 97 (111-97)
• Series 121
• Series 135 modified in 2012 Type - panel houses. Floors from 3 to 9. Cross-wall structural system with load-bearing transverse walls, with two internal and two external longitudinal load-bearing walls (maximum step bearing walls- 6.3 m), internal longitudinal walls are located continuously along the entire length of the building. Working drawings of typical modified projects were developed using the block-element method. For areas with a seismicity of 8 points, standard projects 135-014s-9m, 135-015s-9m, 135-014s-9m, etc. are used.
• Series 141 (121-141)
• Episode 182 "Mobile"
• Series 600.11
• Series 90LO and 90LO-m
• "Contact-SP"
• Series "Makarovskaya" or "Optima"

Series of monolithic houses

Most often, monolithic buildings are erected on individual projects, however, there are several series of monolithic houses:

• Ear
• Unicon
• Series: III/17

Types of apartments and their characteristics

There are several classifications of apartments. Common abbreviations and their interpretation:

• Pg or "Stalinki" - Full-sized apartments - these are houses built before Khrushchev's housing experiments (Stalin's). They have high ceilings up to 3.5 m, large comfortable kitchens up to 15 sq.m., total area of ​​apartments: from 110 sq.m. three-room and up to 40 sq.m. one-room. The rooms in these apartments are isolated, bathrooms are separate, large landings. Houses are 3-, 5-storey, as a rule, brick.
• Xp- Khrushchevs are residential 4- or 5- storey houses, built during the Khrushchev housing program, when in postwar period the country needed mass and inexpensive housing construction. Therefore, apartments were built small area, quite compact, usually with adjacent rooms, with low ceilings, with a total area of ​​60 sq.m. three-room apartments, 43 sq.m. two-room and 30 sq.m. one-room apartments, with small kitchens (5-6 sq.m.), combined bathrooms and balconies in some apartments.

Panel house

• Type of. or Art.- Typical or Standard layout of apartments - these are apartments of the next (after Khrushchev's time) generation: ceiling height from 2.6 m to 2.75 m, total area of ​​​​apartments from 63 sq.m. three-room apartments up to 33 sq.m. one-room apartments, kitchens 6-7 sq.m., rooms in two-room apartments are isolated, in three-room apartments - adjacent-isolated, bathrooms, as a rule, are isolated, there are balconies and loggias. These are 5-, 9-storey buildings with a garbage chute and elevators. Most of these houses are built of reinforced concrete panels.
• U/P- Apartments of the improved planning. As a rule, these are panel 9-storey houses with an increased area of ​​apartments: 69 sq.m. three-room apartments, 53 sq.m. two-room and 39 sq.m. one-room apartments, the kitchen area has also been increased to 9 sq.m., all rooms are isolated, bathrooms are separate, there are balconies and loggias. The houses are equipped with elevators and garbage chutes.
• Email- "Elite" apartments, or new generation apartments. They do not have restrictions on the area, they are diverse in their layout. Most often, the future owner plans his own housing. Equipped large quantity services are underground garages, a garbage chute, both passenger and freight elevators, storerooms and a vegetable store, large landings, convenient access roads, GYM's, saunas, etc.

• Episode 103- One of the very first, built in all the republics of the USSR. The houses in this series are built of red brick and white concrete, the house is 5-storey, as a rule it does not have an elevator, but in some houses there is a garbage chute and 2 entrances, there are 3 apartments on each floor (2 apartments on the ground floor), 2-3 rooms on the sides and 1-1.5 rooms in the middle, a total of 14 apartments for each entrance. There is a loggia (except for those who have 1-1.5 room apartment)

• Episode 104- A high-rise building, distributed throughout the USSR, but there are not so many of them. The house is 16-storey, there is a passenger and freight elevator, a garbage chute. This series differs in that each apartment has a large loggia along the room and kitchen (similar to "Little Family"), and an ordinary window.

• Episode 119- One of the first 9-storey buildings. One of the later projects, along with the 602 series, there is an elevator and a garbage chute. In an apartment where there are 2 rooms or more, there are 2 balconies - one is larger, the other is smaller.

• Episode 467- 9-storey building, there is both an elevator and a garbage chute. The entrance project is interesting: there are 4 apartments on each floor, there are small room, separated from the stairwell by a wall, entrance to the floor through the door (probably to keep the apartment doors away from the smell of the garbage chute), an elevator is installed in the room itself. There are 36 apartments in each entrance. There is a loggia.

• 602 series- one of the latest series of low-rise residential building projects (standard - 9 floors). There are 4 apartments on the floor. The project is interesting because the elevator and the garbage chute are located between the floors of the staircase. All the doors of the apartments are nearby, which in some cases creates problems for neighbors who want to enter / exit at the same time. In some old houses, the elevator is located on the very first floor, at the level of the entrance to the entrance, in newer ones, the elevator is located half a floor higher. There is a loggia.

• little family- The houses are built like dormitories. There are 5, 9, 12 storey houses. In such apartments there is a very long loggia stretching to the kitchen and the room, most of the apartments on the floor are 1-room, there are only two 2-room apartments on the floor. There is only one entrance to the house. There are a lot of apartments on the floor and they are located like a hostel. 9- and 12-storey buildings are equipped with an elevator and a garbage chute, a 5-storey building has only a garbage chute.

• Lithuanian project- (abbr. Litovka) houses, according to the name, were invented in the Lithuanian SSR, distributed mainly in the Baltic states. There are only 5, 9-story buildings, a garbage chute and an elevator are only in high-rise buildings, there are 3.4 comparatively large apartments(at the same time, the kitchen, bathroom and corridor occupy approximately 14 sq.m. in total), there is a loggia, the kitchen is the same in all apartments - 6.5 sq.m.

Panels for residential buildings for social and cultural life

In - years, a group of architects led by Valerian Kirkhoglani of Lenproekt workshop No. 10 (now LenNIIproekt) developed projects for typical kindergartens using standard DSC products. The development of standard projects for frame-panel kindergartens has been carried out since 1964. Project kindergarten series 1-335A-211 - used panels produced for the construction of residential buildings of series 1-335A. There were two modifications - a one-story building for 140 and a two-story building for 280 children. The projects of workshop No. 4 - series 2C-04 - were developed by the efforts of architects V. Berezkina and V. Maslov in the same way for 140 and 280 children. The projects of these workshops turned out to be similar, since all kindergartens were H-shaped in plan. These types of kindergartens were used in the construction of Leningrad residential areas in the 1970s. The mass construction of kindergartens in Leningrad since the beginning of the eighties was carried out according to the standard project 212-2-3LG, developed by the architect M. Sadovsky.

Elements of panel buildings

• Engineering systems.

Other countries

In France, for the exhibition "Autumn Salon" in 1922, Edouard Le Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret presented the project "Modern city for 3 million inhabitants", which proposed a new vision of the city of the future. Subsequently, this project was developed into the "Plan Voisin" () - a developed proposal for a radical reconstruction of Paris. The Voisin plan provided for the construction of a new business center of Paris on a completely cleared area. To do this, it was proposed to demolish 240 hectares of old buildings. Eighteen identical skyscraper-offices of 50 floors, according to the plan, were located freely, at a sufficient distance from each other. At the same time, the built-up area was only 5%, and the remaining 95% of the territory was allocated for highways, parks and pedestrian zones. The "Plan Voisin" was widely discussed in the French press and became something of a sensation.

In 1924, by order of the industrialist Henri Fruget, in the village of Pessac near Bordeaux, the town “Modern Houses of Fruget” was built according to the project of Corbusier ( Quartiers Modernes Fruges). This town, consisting of 50 two-three-story residential buildings, was one of the first experiments in the construction of houses in series (in France). Here, four types of buildings are used, different in configuration and layout - tape houses, blocked and detached. In this project, Corbusier tried to find a formula modern home at affordable prices - simple shapes, simple in construction and at the same time possessing a modern level of comfort.

At the International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts in 1925 in Paris, the Esprit Nouveau pavilion was built according to the design of Corbusier ( L'Esprit Nouveau). The pavilion included a living cell apartment building life-size - an experimental apartment on two levels. Corbusier used a similar cell later, in the late 40s, when creating his own Marseille Residential Unit. Block Marseille (1947-1952) is an apartment building in Marseille, set apart on a spacious green area. Corbusier used in this project standardized "duplex" apartments (on two levels) with balconies overlooking both sides of the house. Inside the building - in the middle of its height - there is a public service complex: a cafeteria, a library, a post office, grocery stores and more. On the enclosing walls of the loggias, for the first time on such a scale, coloring in bright pure colors was used - polychromy. Similar Residential Units (partially modified) were erected later in the cities of Nantes-Rezé (1955), Meaux (1960), Brie-en-Foret (1961), Firminy (1968) (France), in West Berlin(1957). These buildings embodied the idea of ​​Corbusier's "Radiant City" - a city favorable for human existence. In 1950, at the invitation of the Indian authorities of the state of Punjab, Corbusier began to implement the most large-scale project of his life - the project of the new capital of the state, the city of Chandigarh. As in the Marseille block, for exterior finish a special concrete surface treatment technology was used, the so-called "béton brut" (fr. - raw concrete). This technique, which became a feature of Le Corbusier's style, was later picked up by many architects in Europe and countries in other regions, which made it possible to speak of the emergence of a new trend "brutalism". Brutalism was most widespread in Great Britain (especially in the 1960s) and in the USSR (especially in the 1980s). By the beginning of the 1980s. Western Europe was swept by a wave of protests against this kind of development. Over time, brutalism began to be perceived as the embodiment of the worst qualities modern architecture(alienation from human needs, soullessness, claustrophobia, etc.), and its relevance has come to naught. The planned city of Brasilia, the capital of Brazil, was created as the embodiment of Le Corbusier's vision, and includes some of the world's famous examples of typical residential buildings developed by him in the 20-40s.

Terminology

"plattenbau" ("panel building")

• Russia: "panel house", "block house" or simply "block"
• Czech Republic: Panelák (block houses in the former Czechoslovakia at Wikimedia Commons)

Term panelak used specifically in relation to block houses built in the former Czechoslovakia. Nevertheless, similar houses were built in other socialist countries, and even in Western Europe. The equivalents of panelaks (the Czech term "panelak" ("panelák")) in other languages:

• French: Maison a panneaux
• Deutsch: Plattenbau / "plattenbau" ("panel building")]
• Austria: Gemeindebau / "gemeindebau" ("community building")
• Bulgarian: panel block, panel
• Croatian: stambeni blok("tiled block")
• Slovak: Panelovy dom("panel house")
• Polish: Blok, Wielka plyta("wielka (great/big) pŞyta") (block houses in Poland at Wikimedia Commons)

• Romanian: block
• Italian: Casa prefabricata
• Estonian: Paneelmaja
• Hungarian: panelhaz("panel house") or tombhaz("block house"), Transylvanian variant;
• Finnish: Elementtitalo, Tornitalo
• Serbian: stambeni blok("stambeni (tiled) block")
• Catalan: block prefabricated

• Spanish: Torreta prefabricada(often in the US) panel or Sectional)
• Esperanto: Slabokonstruago
• Slovenian: sk:Vežový dom

Project of a 5-storey apartment building. dwg

Sections AR, QOL, EO, VK, OV

Project of a 5-storey residential building. Description of design solutions

Building solutions and structures

The building is 5-storey, monolithic-frame, reinforced concrete. Floor height -3.0 meters.
After the excavation of the pit, carry out a soil analysis. (If other soils are found, the grounds should be reported to the project developers).
The foundations are designed for base soils - solid loams with the following design characteristics: y=19kN/m3, U=19 deg. с=25 kPa. (stock material "report on engineering and geological surveys at the facility:" Shop on Perov St. ". arch. No. 930 DSP). Subsidence loams of the first type
foundations and monolithic walls technical underground to perform on sulfate-resistant cement.
The foundations for the columns are monolithic reinforced concrete columnar, for the walls of the technical underground and stiffness diaphragms - tape.
Technical underground walls - monolithic reinforced concrete thickness 300 mm. insulated with a 100 mm thick mineral plate.
Columns - monolithic reinforced concrete with a section of 400x400 mm.
Rigidity diaphragms - monolithic reinforced concrete 200 mm thick.
Overlappings and coverings - monolithic, reinforced concrete 220 mm thick. The pavement is concrete.

Coat all unspecified surfaces of structures in contact with the ground with hot bitumen 2 times, using a primer of liquefied bitumen.
Concreting at a negative temperature environment and temperatures above +25 degrees. the requirements of SNIP RK 5.03-37-2005 "Bearing and enclosing structures" must be met.

When performing all types of work, be guided by SNIP RK 1.03-05-2001 "Labor protection and safety in construction.
Paint steel structures with enamel PF-115 GOST 6465-76 in 2 layers according to the primer GF-021 GOST 25129-82 in 1 layer in accordance with SNIP RK 2.01-19-2004.
fire protection steel structures perform with intumescent coating VPM-2 (GOST 25131-82) at a consumption of 6 kg/m2 and with a coating thickness after intumescence of 4 mm.

Water supply and sewerage

The project adopted the following technical solutions:

Laying of distributing networks of cold and hot water supply in the technical underground.
- release household sewerage to the well of the general network.
- a water meter with a cold water meter is installed at the entrance to the building
- hot water supply - central (see section "HV")

Heating and ventilation

The project for heating and ventilation of a residential building was developed in accordance with the drawings of the AU, in accordance with the requirements of SNiP RK 4.02-05-2001, SNiP RK 3.02.01-2001.
The design temperature of the outdoor air for heating is assumed to be Tn = -31 C.
The heat supply source of the building is CHP.
The duration of the heating period is 200 days.
The total estimated heat supply is 580,000 kcal/hour.
Heat carrier parameters 130 - 95 C.
Hot water supply - from the thermal unit.
The heating system of a residential building is a single-pipe, dead-end with U-shaped risers, the wiring of the supply and return lines along the technical underground.
Used as heating devices cast iron radiators M90-108.
Ventilation of the residential building is provided - exhaust, natural, through the ventilation ducts of kitchens and bathrooms. Ventkanals perform a box section. 200x200 from a flat asbestos-cement sheet.
Pipes are accepted - steel water and gas pipes in accordance with GOST 3262-75 **
Installation of heating and ventilation systems should be carried out in accordance with SNiP 3.05.01-85.

Power supply and lighting

A switchboard of the ASU type, which is installed in the technical underground of the house, was adopted as an input-distribution device. For the power supply of apartments, supply lines depart from the input-distribution board, which are suitable for SHE 3300 cabinets.

ShchE electrical cabinets are installed on the floors. Counters are placed in cabinets apartment accounting electric power, automatic devices for protecting group lines of apartments and junction boxes for low-voltage devices.

In the lighting floor boards of the ShchE, reinforce the cabinet doors with a locking device that provides access to them only to the personnel of the power supply organization. Electricity metering for basement lighting and staircases carried out by a counter installed on the ASU panel.

Group lighting lines are made with PUNP brand wire, laid in a pipe hidden along the ceiling, in the walls.

When purchasing a home, the new owner often wants to re-arrange it at his own discretion. However, in order to carry out any redevelopment or other changes legally, it is necessary to have apartment building enough information. Some of them can be learned from documents received from the previous owner. The series of houses also speaks volumes.

Projects of residential buildings directly affect the layout of apartments, as well as the life of the house. Residential buildings were mostly built during the Soviet era and have typical standard projects. Each project is assigned a certain series, which carries certain information. You can find out the series of the house in which the apartment is located by several signs.

So, for example, the time of construction of the property plays a big role in this. Earlier, in the days of the USSR, the construction of buildings with five and nine floors was practiced, panel houses were massively erected, reducing the cost of residential premises, there was an actual transition from communal apartments to individual. To get the data you need, you need to know where to find it and how to use it.

Save your time and nerves. and within 5 minutes you will receive free consultation professional lawyer.

Distribution by years

Types of series of residential buildings were formed from mass buildings of the same type. Dormitory areas built throughout Russia before the collapse of the USSR consist of precisely such objects. In this case, three variants of the construction method were used: panel, block and brick.

The most common types of residential buildings are listed here, but there are some other varieties. In particular, they can be determined by knowing in what year the house was put into operation.

Where to looking for

You can get information about the series of your house by contacting the housing and communal services or other management company. In addition, the initial designs of residential buildings are displayed in technical data sheets. If there is no such document for any reason, it can be restored or obtained from the Bureau of Technical Inventory. You should also go there if the layout was done arbitrarily, and now it needs to be legalized or the housing should be completely returned to its previous form in order to get a mortgage.

The necessary data is also stored in the city building department. It is worth contacting if the property is old and the developer cannot be found. The city department has an archive, which necessarily contains a plan of the building. It will remain there until the building is demolished.

If you need to find out the series of the house at construction in progress, the path lies to the developer company. In practice, it is not necessary to go there, because according to the rules, a large stand or poster is posted at the construction site, which contains basic information about the future object.

It is worth noting that the neglect of such information in the future is fraught with a significant fine.

Block and "brezhnevka"

During the years of the USSR, standard block houses and the so-called Brezhnevka were actively built. Each type of storey residential buildings has its own characteristics. distinctive features, thanks to which you can independently determine their belonging:

Common serial numbers for such residential facilities are P-42, I-209, and 1605AM.

Individual and brick-monolithic

The individual type of house is widespread in our time. It is worth noting separately, since the series is assigned even brick house, which was built by the owner according to a standard project. No restrictions are set for him, so boundless fantasy often comes into play. Of course, in this case, the owner is interested in thermal and sound insulation, comfort, exterior design, quality repair and glass panes. Such buildings are distinguished by high cost, which consists of the location of the house, the environmental situation, infrastructure and other things.

Speaking of brick-monolithic houses, their popularity is about the same as that of classic brick buildings. The structure of such buildings is distinguished by a monolithic concrete frame, which will later be finished with bricks. Thus, the value of the property is reduced without loss of strength and reliability. The design is able to withstand disasters such as floods and even earthquakes. Inside, all partitions play the role of load-bearing walls, and the building will not require significant repairs for a hundred years.

Monolithic and panel

Typical projects of monolithic storey residential buildings are different in that they consist entirely of concrete. In fact, formwork is placed at the construction site, where concrete is then poured. It follows from this that there will be no seams on the walls, which means that the thermal and noise insulation in such housing is excellent. Moreover, additional insulating material is often used, and the walls are thinner than brick ones. However, that's why it's no less durable. Despite rumors based on harmful properties monoliths due to allegedly non-breathing walls of apartments, modern materials completely refute this myth. Fears are associated with old buildings from the times of the USSR, when not very high-quality material was used, but this has long been gone.

The panel type is completely divided into several categories with a division by area. So, for example, panel houses of the 137th series are very spacious, but their maximum area is 70 sq.m. (kitchen 9 sq.m.). This is followed by the six hundredth series of the middle class with the footage of apartments no more than 65 square meters. (kitchen 7 sq.m.). The third option is budget houses 504 series with a kitchen of 6.3 sq.m. Also, their distinguishing feature is very high windows and the absence of a window sill.

"Stalin" and "Khrushchev"

"Stalinka", built back in the USSR, still belong to the elite. An apartment in such a house is expensive, but the owner gets really prestigious and comfortable housing with large footage, spacious rooms, convenient access and a presentable view of the building itself. In addition, such series are located in good areas, often in the city center. At the same time, the type of series is not one, but divided into two categories depending on the material used. The material here is either brick or cinder block, later and cheap option with less noise isolation. This type of houses ceased to be built in 1956.

"Khrushchev" has a standard five floors. To date, such houses are no longer being built and, moreover, are slowly being demolished. They do not differ in internal comfort, they have a small footage with a kitchen of 6 sq. m. and with ceilings of 2.5 m. During construction, brick was previously used, and at a later time panels were already used to reduce the cost of apartments. This led to a decrease in thermal insulation. In winter in such residential buildings cold, and in summer, on the contrary, hot. In addition, these types of series are devoid of an elevator, a garbage chute and have a combined bathroom.

The information in this article is provided for informational purposes only.
We recommend you to our lawyer.

Most houses in cities are typical brick buildings, with apartments of standard layouts.

A series of Stalin-style houses - buildings made of light-colored bricks or mineralized panels. This project is distinguished by the presence of an excellent layout, considerable height ceilings. For external works often used materials with granite chips. Such houses are distinguished by towers of the "Kremlin" type.

The construction of stalinok started in the 30s of the XX century. Similar structures were built individual developments, but there are also many standard houses. Such structures bear little resemblance to the structures of the old fund.

Khrushchev is a panel, brick or block construction. The initiator of such buildings was N. S. Khrushchev, they are completely devoid of any excesses in the design and construction. They were built until 1972 inclusive, and in some areas - until 1980.

Distinctive characteristics of such buildings:

• ceiling height - 2.5 - 2.6 m;
• at all small kitchens, bathrooms;
• predominantly the layout of 2 rooms is adjacent.

After 2000, houses with 5 floors began to be demolished. Khrushchevs in 8 and 9 floors were not subject to demolition. The first buildings of Khrushchev houses are houses of the 1-335 series. They were erected in many cities of the USSR. Due to the lack of thermal insulation, such buildings are subject to demolition.

Structures of the series 1-439, 1-439YA - 5-storey block-type buildings. Such a plan of buildings was built mainly in northern regions USSR. Khrushchev series 1-447 is a popular type of building. Similar structures were built up to 1970 inclusive. The height of the rooms is up to 3 meters.

Panel type buildings

Buildings of type 1-464 are popular structures of the panel plan of the times of the USSR. They were erected in the first period of the construction of Khrushchev. Only from 1958 to 1964. more than 200 house-building factories in all regions were engaged in the construction of such structures.

Series brick houses 1-466 - typical examples of residential properties in 15 floors. The height of the rooms is 3 m. They were built exclusively in Moscow (its northern part). The walls of brick houses are made of fragile vibrobrick. Up to 6 panels are installed at the end. Such houses are short-lived.

Houses of series 1-467 - the first panel construction, which has a pitch of load-bearing walls. For the first time, the project of such buildings included a variation of the layout of a 1,2,3-room apartment. Houses of 1-5 floors of a similar plan were built in the Moscow region and other parts of the country.

Houses of the 1-510 series are fairly common 5-storey block houses. Their peculiarity is in the thickness of the outer walls, which is up to 40 cm. These are durable buildings, but some of them are demolished in the course of various reconstructions of city quarters.

Structures of type 1-511 - a multi-sectional structure, a brick Khrushchev building in Moscow. In such houses there are apartments for 1-2-3 rooms. There are several modifications of buildings, which are distinguished by the height of apartments, quality building materials, type of roof.

Types of MG objects

Houses 1MG-300 or MG-300 are panel buildings with 5 floors. Their peculiarity lies in the presence square balconies, whose cubic capacity is small. On each floor of such a house there are 3 apartments. They were built until 1968 inclusive.

Buildings of the type 1Р-303-2 are a panel 5-storey building, the second most frequent building in Moscow and the region. A distinctive feature of 5-storey buildings is sloping balconies, including end ones. Structures of type 11-07 are one of the first panel houses with 5 floors in Moscow (its southwestern part). Construction period - 1958-1961. These houses are in disrepair, most of them have already been demolished.

Buildings 11-07-19 - panel buildings with fragile external walls made of vibrobrick. Often the houses are tiled, each of them has 4 narrow windows at the ends. Almost all structures of this format are in disrepair, but their demolition is carried out only in the western parts of Moscow. Houses 11-17 are a modification of the 1-510 series. Have larger areas one-room apartment and large area 3-room apartment. These houses were built in the 60s. last century in Izmailovo, Nagatino.

Small family objects

This is an example of Khrushchev buildings above 5 floors in Moscow. Most of them are 8-, 9-storey block structures. In each apartment of such a house there is a sit-down bath; in two-room apartments, the rooms are often adjacent.

House series 11-18-01/09 MIK — brick buildings 9 floors, analogue of block structures 11-18-01/09.

Building 11-32 is a typical vibrobrick panel house with tiled exterior walls.

A characteristic feature of such buildings is balconies on pillars. A variation of this series - 11-32-130 - houses with small apartments (small families). They are designed for small families. The room has an average of 9-13 square meters. m., and the kitchen has a cubic capacity of no more than 3-3.5 square meters. m.

Buildings 11-34 are an example of 5-story brick structures with small family apartments. Similar buildings were built in the capital in different places (1-2 houses in sleeping areas). These are two-building houses, which are connected by a one-story section, in the center of which there is a room - a dining room.

Structures of type 11-35 are 5-storey brick houses with two-room and three-room apartments. Their distinctive feature is the presence of rather big external panels. Such houses were often built in 1959-1962. Today they have all been demolished.

Objects 11-38 and Brezhnevka

Structures 11-38 are the first panel-type houses made of three-dimensional elements. The apartment rooms were assembled at factories, and they were only assembled at construction sites. These were experimental, trial structures, they were erected in 1959-1962. in Lublino, Cheryomushki. There are also such structures in Perm, Minsk. Type K-7 - Khrushchev frame, panel type. This is a massive building in Moscow, 1958 construction. Their walls are the thinnest among all, therefore their demolition is a priority.

The Khrushchevs, which did not justify themselves at all, were replaced by the Brezhnevs. At first, these were 8-, 9-story buildings, which then turned into 12- and 16-story buildings. These are the first structures with elevators and garbage chutes. The layout of apartments in such buildings has become more perfect and modern. They have improved sound and heat insulation.

The layout of apartments in such houses has become more convenient. The construction of such houses began in the 70s. last century. Such houses can rightly be called prototypes of modern buildings. After Brezhnevka, they began to build buildings according to standard projects. The most common series of panel modern structures are KOPE, KOPE-M-PARUS, 155 and i-155m, p-3m, P-44m.