Primula cultivation and care in the open field. Garden beauty has grown: primrose transplant

One of the most beautiful garden flowers blooming in early spring, is a primrose, whose name comes from the word "primus", translated from Greek as "early, first". This plant is popularly called "rams" for wavy leaves, similar to the backs of sheep, or "keys" for inflorescences, which, according to ancient legend, are associated with a bunch of spring keys.

Primula pubescens, ‘Exhibition Blue’ cultivar in the title photo.

Primrose species and varieties suitable for outdoor cultivation

Primrose, or primrose - a small decorative bush. Its leaves are wavy at the edges and rough to the touch, and spectacular bright buds are collected in inflorescences. This plant is popular all over the world due to its beauty, simplicity, and unpretentiousness in care. The period of active growth of primrose is quite long, it begins in early spring and may end in early summer, therefore given plant suitable for landing on, and also widely used in landscape design.

Interesting to know! There are more than 200 types of garden primroses, but only a few of them are popular in our climatic conditions. These species can be divided into 2 groups: spring flowering and summer flowering.

Types of spring-flowering perennial garden primroses grown in our country:

• Stemless, or common (vulgaris)- one of the most common types of primrose, which has many varieties. It is characterized by the following features: oblong leaves and short peduncles, which are located almost on the same level. The height of the stems of the common primrose reaches 15 cm.
• Spring (veris)- this species includes plants with wrinkled oblong leaves of a light green tone, and bright orange inflorescences, inclined to one side, on a high stem.
• Fine-toothed (denticulata)- round inflorescences of white, blue, light blue, lilac or pink shade, up to 5 cm in diameter, which are located on a stem up to 30 cm high.
• High (elatior)- has inflorescences of yellow stamens with a dark core, directed upwards and small jagged leaves.
• Julia (juliae)- this type of primrose has characteristic bright shades of red buds and green sheets. Primrose is not afraid of frost, it grows rapidly, forming a continuous coating.
• Cortusoid (cortusoides)- has rough leaves with small teeth along the edges, and inflorescences in the form of umbrellas of 5-10 lilac buds. The peak of growth of this variety of primroses falls at the end of spring or the beginning of summer.
• Auricula (ear primrose - auricula)- this species is characterized by the presence of delicately smelling monochromatic or bicolor flowers and leathery leaves wrapped in the form of a shell.

primroses summer bloom do not tolerate a decrease in temperature and excess water at the root. They can reach a height of up to 1 meter, and also have a strong stem and large leaves. As a rule, summer-flowering primroses are grown in areas of Asia, China, Tibet and the Himalayas on elevations up to 4 thousand meters high, on the banks of reservoirs or in wild forests.

Types of summer flowering primroses:

In accordance with the shape and position of the buds in the inflorescences, primroses are divided into groups (varieties).

The classification of primrose varieties was determined by German scientists:

1. Cushion- have single inflorescences and short stems, which are located just above the leaves;
2. spherical- have dense inflorescences in the form of a ball, which are located around a long stem;
3. bell-shaped- have inflorescences of small flowers in the form of bells;
4. Umbelliferae- have inflorescences in the form of an umbrella on the stem, up to 20 cm high;
5. Tiered or candelabra- inflorescences are located on the stem in several tiers, outwardly the flowers of this variety resemble a candlestick.

Certain varieties of primroses have a pleasant smell. The root of the plant is located on top of the soil, so frequent watering and fertilization have a beneficial effect on the primrose.

Primula bordered (primula marginata), variety ‘Drake’s Strain’

Growing from seed

You need to grow garden primrose only from high-quality seeds, so before buying them, you should pay attention to the shelf life. Purchased in advance, or collected grains are best left on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator.

The process of growing primroses from seeds is quite painstaking. Only those plants that have been planted will bloom in the spring-summer period. no later than January. Crops made after this month, in most cases, give color only after a year. Therefore, freshly harvested grains are recommended to be planted immediately in seedling boxes or in open ground, and late sowing in February is also allowed.

For better seed germination, stratification, which is carried out in several stages:

1. Seedling box or container with holes in the bottom to drain water filled with soil.
2. On the upper layer loosened wet earth seeds are laid out at a distance of 1 cm, and tamped down a bit.
3. Box covered with a lid or placed in a plastic bag. After that, the seed container placed at the bottom of the refrigerator. If such a need arises, then the soil should be moistened.
4. If germination does not occur for a long time, the container must be leave at a temperature not lower than -10 ° C for a 3-day period.
5. Seeds germinate after 3-4 weeks, after which the container is slightly opened to Fresh air came to seedlings. The box is pulled out of the refrigerator and placed in the shade.
6. When 2 leaves appear, the seedlings must be picked out, put in a shaded place and left for 10 days. After this time, when the seedlings grow up and get stronger, you can remove the bag or lid from the box.
7. Planting primroses in open ground is carried out in the period from mid-June to August when there is no risk of frost.

It's important to know! The landing of some types of primroses is carried out taking into account certain features. So, small-toothed and ordinary primroses do not need stratification, but, after spitting the seeds, the first type must be placed in complete darkness, and the second - in the light.

Planting and caring for garden primrose

You can plant primrose seedlings, or by dividing the root in early spring and late summer. The soil should be clayey, fertilized organic matter, moisturized and slightly loose. It is important to ensure that there is no stagnant water or solid ground at the landing site. heavy earth, since such conditions are not suitable for a plant.

Most types of primroses are preferably planted in a bright area, but there are those that like shade (Julia primrose) or stone soil (ear primrose).

Before planting in the soil, it is recommended to add a little sand. Mineral fertilizers are applied in the second year of the plant's life in 3 stages: in early spring, 2.5 weeks after that, and in the middle of summer. Before the primroses sprout, the soil needs to be slightly loosened and moistened.

It's important to know! In a young plant, part of the leaves must be removed. Such manipulations contribute to an increase in the number of buds and the abundance of primrose flowering.

Every 2 years, a layer of soil is poured under the flower, 2 cm thick. After 3 years of growth, the primrose should be planted. In winter, the plants are covered with a dense ball of dry leaves.

In the process of growth, perennial garden primroses are exposed to the following diseases and problems:

• The defeat of aphids, fleas, spider mites, slugs, nematodes;
• Rust;
• Bacterial spotting;
• Rot;
• Powdery mildew;
• Anthracnose;
• Spotted wilt;
• Mosaic cucumber.

If these problems are detected, it is necessary to apply spraying, soil replenishment special preparations and other substances that contribute to the elimination of disease and pest damage.

Garden primrose in landscape design in the photo

There are many types and varieties of primroses, so you can plant unusual bright compositions of these flowers that will delight the eye with the splendor of shades and shapes from early spring to late summer. In landscape design, primroses are used very often, these beautiful flowers decorate any area beyond recognition.

Compositions of several types of primroses with low daffodils, tulips, irises, phlox, and soapwort look amazing, which can replace primrose. Such color combinations are ideal for decorating, or stone slides.

For lovers of simplicity and lightness in landscape design, it is recommended to plant flower beds or plots with one or more varieties of primroses of the same shade. Such compositions form a continuous bright carpet that attracts the eye and will not leave anyone indifferent.

Very often, primroses of a certain or different species are planted along stone paths in the garden. Compositions of primrose with other colors look quite impressive for this purpose.

The best will be the compositions of Alpine and Sikkimese primroses planted around it. Such design solution add a special touch to appearance area as a whole.

Primrose bushes planted in the corners or along the fences will complement the overall atmosphere of the site, make its design unusual and complete.

Borders of primroses and cyclamen

Often primroses are planted in decorative containers, garden vases or hanging pots to decorate the house and the surrounding area. Such compositions can be used to mask small details or defects in the site design.

Primula is one of the most beloved and revered plants among gardeners. With the help of compositions of different types and varieties of these flowers, you can transform a garden, flower bed, lawn, and even the building itself beyond recognition. The advantage of this plant is unpretentiousness in cultivation and a variety of shapes and shades of individual varieties, as well as the ability to admire flowering plant as long as possible.

How to sow primrose in winter

Consultation on video from the Garden World channel: nuances seed propagation primrose.

Plant common primrose (lat. Primula vulgaris), or common primrose- herbaceous perennial from the genus Primrose. AT vivo primrose grows in Europe, northern Africa, the Middle East and Central Asia. The primrose has been known since time immemorial - the ancient Greeks considered it the medicinal flower of Olympus and called it the "dodecatheon" - the flower of the twelve gods. Primula is one of the first spring flowers, popularly called "rams" or "keys". The Old Norse saga tells that primrose flowers are the keys of the fertility goddess Freya, with which she opens spring. And the Germans believe that primrose is the key to marriage. The Celts and Gauls included primrose in the composition of the love drink. There is a Danish legend that the princess of the elves who fell in love with a mortal became a primrose, and the ancient Greeks came up with a myth in which the gods turned the body of the young man Paralysos, who died of love, into a fragrant primrose out of compassion, and now this flower cures all ailments, including and from paralysis - not without reason in traditional medicine the flower is called paralytic grass. The cultivation of primrose in Europe began in the 16th century, it has always been a popular flower in England - in this country there are several clubs of lovers of primrose auricles. Sometimes addiction weakened, but then revived with renewed vigor. Currently, primrose exhibitions are held annually in England, and every time there is something to see - a blooming primrose is an amazing sight.

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Planting and caring for primrose (in brief)

• Landing: sowing personally collected seeds in boxes dug into the ground - immediately after collection. Sowing the purchased seeds for seedlings - in early February, transplanting seedlings into open ground - at the end of May in two years or in the fall in the second year of life.
• Bloom: spring or summer - depending on the type and variety.
• Lighting: depending on the type and variety - in the bright sun or in the shade of trees and shrubs.
• The soil: moist, loose, light, moisture-intensive nutrient soils.
• Watering: The soil in the flower bed should always be slightly moist. In hot weather, you will need to water more often. Water consumption - 3 liters per m² of land.
• Top dressing: mineral fertilizers with a reduced nitrogen component in half the dosage indicated by the manufacturers weekly from the moment the leaves appear until the end of flowering.
• Reproduction: seeds, leaf cuttings and dividing the bush.
• Pests: beetles and slugs.
• Diseases: bacterial spot, anthracnose, jaundice, rust, powdery mildew, cucumber mosaic virus, stem and root collar rot.

Read more about growing primrose below.

Primrose flower - description

The Primrose genus is one of the most numerous in the world flora; according to various sources, it has from 400 to 550 species, but plants of this genus that have not been described by scientists are still found in nature. 33 species grow in Europe, 2 - in North America, one species on the island of Java, several in South America and Africa, and the remaining three hundred plus species of primrose grow in Asia, Western China and the Himalayas. Primrose chooses wet places- in meadows, along the banks of streams and mountain rivers.

The underground part of the primrose is a rhizome with roots. The basal leaf rosette consists of dissected or simple, sessile or petiolate oblong oval lanceolate leaves. In some species, the leaves are wrinkled, in others leathery, dense, grayish-green in color, as if covered with wax. Primrose flowers on long leafless peduncles solitary or collected in pyramidal, spherical, cushion-shaped, tiered, bell-shaped or umbellate inflorescences. They have a tubular shape with a bend - flat or funnel-shaped. The fruit of the primrose is a cylindrical or spherical polysemyanka. In culture, perennial and annual garden primrose is grown, primrose is also cultivated at home.

Growing primrose from seeds

Sowing primrose seeds

Primrose seeds lose their germination very quickly, so it is best to sow the seeds immediately after they are collected in boxes installed in the ground. If you bought high-quality seeds and do not want to risk them, then planting primrose seeds for seedlings is carried out in early February on the surface of a substrate consisting of two parts leaf ground, one part sand and one part sod land. There should be no more than 5 seeds per 1 cm² of the substrate, which are not covered, but simply pressed to the surface. A container with crops is placed in a plastic bag and placed in a freezer for 3-4 weeks at a temperature not higher than -10 ºC. After a month, the frozen crops in bags are transferred to the windowsill, shading from direct rays, and waiting for seedlings, keeping the soil slightly moist. Optimum temperature for seed germination 16-18 ºC. Not all types of primroses need stratification - for example, common primrose and finely toothed sprout without freezing. When shoots begin to appear, and primrose seeds are usually in no hurry to germinate, the packages are gradually opened slightly, accustoming the seedlings to air, and after two weeks the packages are removed completely.

Primrose seedling

Primrose seedlings grow very slowly. After the appearance of two or three true leaves, the seedlings dive into the boxes with tweezers and continue to care for them, moistening the soil as necessary. You need to dive seedlings every time they grow strongly. Primula is grown from seeds before planting in open ground for two years.

Planting primrose

When to plant primrose

Planting perennial primrose in open ground is carried out in spring or autumn in the second year of life. If you decide to plant a primrose in the spring, then do it at the end of May. Primula grows best in open field in the shadow garden trees and shrubs where direct sunlight does not penetrate. Only alpine species of primrose in the northern regions are planted in the open sun. The soil for primrose is preferable to moisture, loose, light and well-drained, in which moisture will not stagnate for a long time. Primrose grows well in clay soil. Too heavy clay soil can be made lighter by adding a bucket of sand, 2 kg of manure, vermiculite and chopped sphagnum moss for digging per 1 m² of land.

How to plant primrose

Small types of primrose are planted at a distance of 10-15 cm from each other, and large ones - after 20-30 cm. When planting, keep in mind that the primrose does not like open spaces, so plant seedlings in such a way that when the plants grow, plantings will be closed. Primula blooms from seeds in the second or third year of life.

Primrose care in the garden

How to grow primrose

Planting and caring for primrose in the open field usually go without difficulty. How to care for a primrose planted in open ground? Keep the soil in your primrose bed slightly moist, loose and clean - after a weekly heavy watering, be sure to loosen the soil and remove weeds. In hot weather, the frequency of watering will have to be doubled. Water consumption in one session is approximately three liters per m². Caring for perennial primrose provides for frequent feeding of the flower with a weak solution of complex mineral fertilizers - the concentration should be half as much as the instructions provide, and the application frequency should be weekly from the moment the first leaves appear until the end of flowering. However, you should not abuse the nitrogen component of complex fertilizers, because next year you will wait for flowers, and you will see only lush greenery. To prevent this from happening, apply only phosphorus and potash fertilizers every other time.

Primrose transplant

The care and cultivation of primrose involves transplanting the plant at the same time as dividing the bush every 4-5 years, since the primrose tends to grow strongly. For information on how and when to transplant primrose, read the next section.

Primrose breeding

Except seed way primrose is used for breeding dividing the bush and leaf cuttings. In the fourth or fifth year, overgrown primrose bushes in August or the first half of September are watered, dug, shake off the ground from their roots, then they wash the roots in a bucket, divide the plant with a knife into several parts with at least one renewal point on each, sprinkle the slices with ash and then delenki are planted in a new place. After planting, the primrose is watered. The division of the bush not only rejuvenates the plant, but also gives free planting material in which you can be absolutely sure.

If the plant is weak root system or just one outlet, then it is propagated by axillary shoots. The primrose leaf with the petiole, bud and part of the shoot is separated and planted in the soil mixture, after cutting the leaf plate in half. Keep the cutting in a bright place, but protected from direct sunlight, at a temperature of 16-18 ºC in a moderately moist substrate. When the buds give shoots with three or four leaves, they are planted in pots with a diameter of 7-9 cm, and in the spring they are transferred to open ground.

Pests and diseases of primrose

Primrose in the garden is affected by rot of the root neck and stems, jaundice, bacterial spotting, rust, anthracnose, powdery mildew and cucumber mosaic virus. As soon as you notice mutated leaves, destroy them immediately. Of the pests, various nematodes and aphids, spider mites and weevils, as well as beetles, slugs and fleas, are dangerous to the plant. It is better to fight diseases by treating primrose in spring with a two percent solution of Topsin or Fundazol, one percent Bordeaux liquid or copper oxychloride, and in the fall it is advisable preventive treatment 1% Nitrafen solution. Beetles and slugs will have to be collected by hand, mites are killed by Actellik treatment, and nematodes are killed by Ragor.

Perennial primrose after flowering

Primrose in autumn

After the primrose has faded, loosen the soil on the site, clear it of weeds and leave the primrose alone until winter - at this time, its leaves begin to grow. It is very important that the leaf rosette is preserved until late autumn, as it will serve as a natural shelter for the plant. If you cut the leaves in the fall, the primrose will begin to grow smaller, its flowering will weaken, and it will lose its decorative effect. But when spring begins, it is better to remove the old, overwintered primrose leaves.

Garden primrose in winter

In areas with cold winters, primroses require shelter with dry leaves, straw or spruce branches, and the covering layer should be at least 7-10 cm. There are types of primroses that do not need shelter, for example, Julia's primrose. In areas with warm snowy winters, the primrose can not be covered - snow cover will be enough. However, with the onset of spring, watch how the snow melts - the primrose should not succumb under the ice crust. Destroy the crust, let the water flow freely.

Types and varieties of primrose

As already mentioned, there are so many primroses in nature that botanists had to divide them into 30 sections. In culture, there are also plenty of species, varieties and hybrids. You can describe them endlessly. We will introduce you to the most common species in culture and their most popular varieties.

Primrose stemless, or ordinary (Primula vulgaris)

naturally grows in the South and Central Europe on the edges of forests, in alpine meadows near melting snow. This species has a short rhizome with thick cord-like roots. Lanceolate leaves up to 6 cm wide and up to 25 cm long are partially preserved during the winter. Light yellow or white with a purple throat, single flowers open on short peduncles 6 to 20 cm high, their wide petals are divided into two lobes. Despite the fact that it was called ordinary, the stemless primrose is very beautiful and during flowering, its bush looks like a bouquet. Flowering can begin in March, sometimes this species blooms again in September. In culture since the 16th century. Varieties:

• Virginia- white flowers with a pale yellow throat;
• Giga White- white primrose;
• cerulea – blue flowers with yellow throat.

Primula high (Primula elatior)

Grows in the Carpathians, in the middle and southern parts Western Europe. This is a perennial with wrinkled, oval, finely toothed leaves along the edge, from 5 to 20 cm long and 2 to 7 cm wide, which sharply taper towards the petiole. On the upper side of the leaf, the veins are depressed, and on the lower side they protrude. Light yellow with a bright yellow spot at the base of the petals fragrant flowers up to 2 cm in diameter are collected in umbellate inflorescences of 5-15 pieces. Barely pubescent peduncle reaches a height of 10 to 35 cm. High primrose blooms profusely from April for 50-60 days. There are hybrids with larger flowers of lilac, white, cream, red, yellow flowers- monophonic, with an eye or bordered. Varieties:

• Duplex- cherry flowers up to 2.5 cm in diameter with a dark yellow throat;
• Rosea- dark pink flowers with a yellow eye;
• Gelle Farben- light purple flowers with a diameter of 3.5 cm with a yellow throat;
• Goldgrand- brown flowers with a golden border and a yellow throat, diameter 2.5 cm.

There are groups of hybrids based on tall primrose with large flowers and long peduncles, attractive for cutting cultivation. Among them are the primrose terry Curiosity of a yellow-brown hue, and the Golden Dream of a bright yellow color, and Olga Manden with flowers of a light red hue.

Primula Siebold (Primula sieboldii)

blooms in June with lilac and pink flowers of different shades, collected in loose umbellate inflorescences. After flowering, this ephemeroid leaves die off.

Spring primrose (Primula veris)

which is often called primrose officinalis, a representative of the European flora. She has wrinkled ovoid leaves up to 20 cm long and up to 6 cm wide with veins depressed on the upper side and convex on the lower pubescent side. The flowers are yellow with an orange spot at the base of the petals. At garden forms this species has a rich palette of colors - plain and two-tone simple or double flowers bloom profusely from April to June.

In addition to the species described, primroses of Sikim, Bisa, fine-toothed, ear, Geller, snow, small, Voronova, Yulia, Komarov, Ruprecht and many, many others are attractive for flower growers.

Primrose properties

All parts of evening primrose contain high concentrations of manganese salts. The ground parts of the plant are rich in vitamins, the rhizomes are rich in saponins, essential oils and glycosides. Primrose leaves are used in salads, added to stir-fries and soups. Due to the high content of ascorbic acid and carotene in them in the spring, during beriberi, they support the body. Not only fresh, but also powdered dried roots and leaves of primrose are used for food. As a medicine, primrose is used for expectoration in diseases respiratory tract- made from rhizomes medicinal infusion, and from the leaves a decoction. Primrose is used for pain relief in rheumatism and as a diuretic in diseases of the kidneys and Bladder. An infusion of leaves helps with colds, sore throats, headaches, neuroses and insomnia, and an infusion of roots is used to resolve external hemorrhages. All parts of primrose are a component of various medicinal preparations and teas. A contraindication for use may be individual intolerance to primrose. Should be used with caution medications from a plant to early dates pregnancy.

After this article, they usually read

Primula perennial - garden culture diverse beautiful flowers, unpretentious nature and early flowering.

Due to the fact that the plant does not require special care and at the same time has outstanding aesthetic qualities, the primrose has gained immense popularity not only among landscape design specialists, but also among simple amateur gardeners. And how many affectionate names for this plant people came up with - these are keys, and talismans of happiness, and Easter flowers, and lambs.

Description of the perennial primrose flower

Primrose, or primrose, belongs to the Primrose family. It's crazy beautiful perennial flower blooming in early spring. In the wild, there are more than 500 species of primrose, common in Asia, America and Europe.

There is a plant in forests, mountainous areas and plains on moist, humus-rich soil. Some rare species of primroses are listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation. These include bud-leaved primrose, Julia, Daryal, Berengian.

Primrose Benefits:

• pleasant aroma;
• early abundant and long flowering;
• variety of shapes and colors;
• winter hardiness;
• rapid reproduction;
• decorative foliage (until late autumn).

If you collect in your collection different types primrose - flowers will delight with their beauty from early spring to late summer. There are varieties that bloom twice a season - in spring and autumn.

Early primroses bloom in the spring almost immediately after the snow melts. Duration of flowering - until the end of May. Primrose perennials are used as decorative culture in any flower beds, borders, discounts, on alpine slides.

A picturesque, very bright carpet is formed from their group plantings. If you want to have on your windowsill in March beautiful garden- plant primrose in pots in the fall. Also, the flower is used to decorate flowerpots and containers.

Primula - planting and care in the open field

Almost all types of primroses prefer fertile, humus-rich soils. Although primroses tolerate direct sunlight and drought, yet they grow and develop best of all with moderate humidity in the light shade of the trees.

Although the flower makes some requirements for self-care, however, the plant cannot be called capricious. Moreover, among the variety of varieties there are quite unpretentious varieties and hybrids. They do not amaze with their brightness, but their delicate color is noticeable from any corner of the garden.

For example, this is a large-cup primrose, spring, ordinary. These varieties will grow even in places with a cool and rather humid climate. The soil for planting should be good drained, nutritious and loose.

How primrose reproduces

Cuttings. Reproduction method root cuttings suitable for most varieties of primrose. First, you need to make a longitudinal incision (up to 1.5 cm) on top of the root in order to form buds.

Then plant the cuttings in light, loose soil, to a depth of 2.5-3 cm. Now you just need to provide traditional flower care.

Reproduction by seeds. This method is considered less effective, since primrose seeds ripening in July-August before sowing (until spring) lose their germination capacity by about 30%.

Therefore, it is better to sow them immediately after maturation in containers or in open ground. At autumn sowing seedlings will appear after 2-3 weeks, while in spring, seed germination will take much longer (up to 1 month).

If the flower is planned to be grown in a greenhouse, sowing is carried out in early February. Scatter the seeds on the surface of the soil (5 pieces are enough for 1 cm), lightly tamp the soil and cover with a film.

Seed germination can be accelerated if the crops are sprinkled with snow for two days. After the emergence of seedlings, the film should be slightly opened. Flowers needs to be protected from direct sunlight. After 1.5 weeks, the film can be removed completely, but it is very important to keep the soil moist.

Because primrose seedlings grow very slowly, you will need to be patient. In addition, before sowing primrose, you should familiarize yourself with the characteristics of the variety: some should be germinated in the dark, others in the light.

After the formation of 2-3 true leaves, the seedlings dive either immediately transplanted into open ground. The distance between plants is determined by the size of a particular variety and varies from 10 to 30 cm. It is necessary to calculate so that the sockets of adult primroses do not touch each other. Young plants bloom 2-3 years after planting.

The division of the bush- a good way to rejuvenate the plant, otherwise the primrose will begin to weaken and lose its flowering splendor. The procedure is best done at 3-5 years of plant life, when the bushes grow. This should be done immediately after flowering or in August.

First you need to water the area with the plant, then dig out the bush, and carefully brushing the roots off the ground, rinse them in water. Using a knife, cut the plant into several parts.

Be sure to leave a resume point! The cut should be sprinkled with soil. So that the delenka does not dry out, it must be planted as soon as possible. In the next 2 weeks, the transplanted plants need regular watering.

Perennial garden primrose care

When caring for a plant, the following rules must be observed:

Primroses in landscape design

Primula garden is distinguished by a variety of species. And with a successful combination of different varieties, you will get a magnificent garden that blooms from April to August. The plant looks great in a discount, it can be used for decorating rocky hills and corners, as well as plant variegated bushes on the lawn.

Small ones look great artificial reservoirs, near which fragrant alpine and Sikkim primroses grow. Unusual color will give the site garden paths, along which a collection of bright multi-colored plants is placed.

Tulips, low irises, muscari, spike-shaped phloxes, daffodils and soapwort are suitable as "neighbors" of primrose. Often, primroses are planted in garden containers and flowerpots. to decorate the area and at home.

Fit Options

First option. Primrose will look good among the sparsely planted peonies, which will pick up the flowering baton from the primrose and hide its unattractive dried foliage.

Second option. Primroses feel good (especially with abundant moisture during the dry season) next to snapdragons on the north side Alpine slide where the direct sun is only at noon.

Third option. A large number of the snow that has accumulated over the winter near the clematis will make the primrose very happy in the spring, so both of these plants complement each other well.

Fourth option. Just next to the sorrel, in the garden, in a bunch.

So that after all the work in planting and caring for primrose you are not disappointed, try to first study all the features of a particular species, since the requirements for different varieties can vary significantly.

Strictly speaking, best time divide primrose - immediately after flowering. Alas, almost all flower growers do not follow this rule, referring the process of dividing and transplanting primroses to the end of August, or even to September.

For most types of primrose, August is a good time for transplanting and dividing. In addition, the most valuable varieties can have time to collect ripened seeds in August. This is very important, because the seeds of primroses are rapidly losing their germination: immediately after harvesting and drying for a week (no more!) They are sown in boxes, which are added dropwise on the breeding ridges.

The division of primroses is not only a way to quickly propagate the species or variety you like, but also rejuvenate the bushes, because the older the bush, the weaker the flowering

Most types of primrose are divided into the third or fifth year of cultivation no later than September 10th. During the spring division, primroses bloom weakly, and during the autumn they freeze slightly and suffer from bulging in the spring. The exception is blooming in spring primrose finely toothed and summer flowering primrose Japanese, Florinda and Bisa, which are divided and transplanted in early spring. As for the Japanese primrose, it actively blooms at the age of 2-3 years, then flowering weakens even when the bush divides, so it is recommended to propagate it by seeds every 2 years.

The signal for the beginning of the division of the primrose is the exit of plants after a short "hibernation", into which the plants fall after flowering. In August, they wake up, the active growth of roots and leaves begins. At this time, flower buds are laid.

For division and planting, it is better to choose a not too hot, overcast day. It is important to prepare the planting site for delenki in advance, stock up on wet burlap, a sharp knife, wood ash and a solution of any root formation stimulator. If the weather is hot, then you will still need a damp thin cloth to cover the plants in the first two days.

Before digging, the plants are watered abundantly, weeds are removed. Primroses are dug out of the soil, the soil is thoroughly shaken off the roots and washed in a bucket of water. In this form, it is easier to separate large bushes, injuring the leaves and roots to a minimum. It is most convenient to divide the bushes with a sharp knife, dividing the bush so that in each division there is at least one renewal bud. Dust the cut surface with ash. Before planting, all delenki must be folded in the shade, covered with damp burlap. But the best option- immediately land on a permanent place or on a distribution bed, providing a label.

When planting in the ground, water is first poured into the planting hole, and after it is absorbed, 300 ml of a root formation stimulator solution is poured into each. Large species of primrose (fine-toothed, Florinda) are planted at a distance of 20-30 cm from each other, the rest - 10-15 cm from each other. The principle of planting is as follows: no soil should be visible between the bushes. In dry weather, seedlings are watered daily for 10-12 days after planting. To preserve moisture, it is advisable to mulch the soil with peat humus or dried finely chopped lawn grass.

Without digging up the bushes, you can propagate the toothed primrose and the auriculum (ear). At the first, thick roots are exposed and cuttings are cut from them. In the upper part of the root, a longitudinal incision 1-1.5 cm long is made, the cuttings are planted in loose soil to a depth of 3 cm, mulched and covered with a film. In the auriculum, young rosettes of leaves are quite easily separated. They are also planted in a cutting under a film, shaded and monitored for soil moisture. Auricula rosettes take root in about 2.5-3 weeks, but they are planted in a permanent place only in spring.

Primroses are indispensable in the garden, because in the light shade of large trees in early spring they form elegant, very attractive rugs. Primroses of summer flowering also bring their zest to the semi-shady part of the garden, by the pond or in rockeries.

The spring flower, also known as the primrose, is able to bloom even before the final melting of the snow cover. Thanks to this feature, the plant attracts the close attention of many landscape designers and flower growers. The perennial primrose, planting and caring for which does not take much time and effort, captivates with the spring attractiveness of bright inflorescences against the backdrop of nature that has not yet awakened.

Each gardener or gardener has a plot unsuitable for further cultivation of crops on it, in their opinion. However, an unpretentious primrose can fully develop in such areas, delighting the owner with spring colors. And although the beauty of the primrose is not able to outshine the surrounding flowers, it is able to give its flowers over a long period - from mid-spring to mid-summer, and sometimes twice during the growing season.

planting flowers

Proper planting is the key to successful plant growth.

Site and soil preparation

Different types of primrose have their own preferences: some love sunny areas, others - areas shaded by other plants, and others - damp banks of water bodies. The optimal solution will be planting a crop in a shaded area or on the east side of the house, which will protect it from drying out in the midday scorching sun. If the planting of flowers is planned for the design of the rock garden, then the south side should be avoided.

Primrose prefers light fertile soil With high humidity and good drainage system, which prevents the stagnation of water, in which the flower needs most of all in the phase of intensive development and flowering. In case of severe depletion of the soil, additional enrichment is carried out nutrients by applying organics with a norm of 20 kg of a mixture of compost, humus and peat in a ratio of 2: 1: 1 per 1 m2 and mineral fertilizers - 20 g of nitroammophoska for a similar area.

How and when to plant?

Planting perennial primrose in the garden is carried out in spring or autumn in the second year of development. Compact varieties they are seated with a distance of 15 cm between specimens, and large species are located 20 cm from each other.

Important! The bushes should be planted in such a way that when the growth is completed, the plantings are closed: the primrose has a negative attitude towards excess space.

Landing Rules

Primrose is planted, as a rule, with seedlings, for which you must follow the instructions:

1. At the beginning of February, seeds purchased from a specialized store are distributed over the surface of a moistened soil mixture, consisting of leafy soil, sand and peat in a ratio of 2: 1: 1, so that there are up to 5 pieces per 1 cm2.
2. The dishes with crops are covered with polyethylene and placed in freezer with temperatures down to -10°C.
3. After 3-4 weeks, the container with frozen seeds will be moved to the windowsill, where it is shaded from the direct sun.
4. A week after the appearance of the first shoots, the film is removed.
5. When seedlings, characterized by slow growth, form two pairs of true leaves, the seedlings are dived into boxes with tweezers.

Important! Primrose from seeds is planted in the garden only after two years of growing in boxes.

Perennial garden primrose care

Primrose does not need special care. However, in order for a flower to please its owner with flowers for a long period, it is required to adhere to the basic agrotechnical requirements for growing primroses in open ground.

Watering

Culture needs constantly moistened soil. In the spring, abundant watering is carried out once a week. During hot periods, the frequency of irrigation and the volume of water used doubles - 1 m2 is irrigated with three liters of liquid.

top dressing

Soil enrichment with nutrients is an integral part complete care. During the growing season, the primrose is fed weekly with a solution of complex mineral fertilizers with a concentration two times less than indicated on the package.

Advice! To avoid building up green mass instead of forming flowers, fertilizing with nitrogen-containing fertilizers should alternate with the application of potassium and phosphorus.

flower transplant

Primula belongs to the strongly growing plants, therefore, it needs a systematic transplant every 4-5 years, in which the bush is divided.

Protection from pests and diseases

Since primrose is cultivated on wet soils in partial shade, it is prone to fungal diseases in the form powdery mildew, rot, rust, as well as bacterial blotches. When manifestations of fungal diseases are detected, fungicide treatments are carried out, and in the case of bacterial diseases, the affected specimens are destroyed. Of the pests on the primrose, aphids are noted, spider mite, weevils, fleas, which can be dealt with by spraying plantings with an insecticidal preparation.

Preparing for winter

After flowering is completed, the soil under the primroses is loosened and cleared of weeds, after which the flowers are left alone. AT autumn period the culture begins to build up a green mass, which serves as a natural shelter for the flowers for the winter.

reproduction

The seed method is not the only possible way primrose breeding. The flower can be propagated by vegetative methods - cuttings, dividing the bush and rooting the shoots.

The division of the bush

After the bush reaches three years, as a rule, you can begin to divide it. However, there are exceptions: some varieties reproduce using this method only after five years of age. The optimal time for dividing the bush is early spring or autumn - periods before or after the flowering phase.

When carrying out the procedure, you should be guided by the following algorithm:

• The plant is carefully dug up, and its root system is cleared of soil residues.
• The rhizome is divided with a sharp knife into parts, each of which should have 2-3 roots and a leafy rosette.
• Places of cuts are sprinkled with wood ash as an antiseptic.
• After the separated parts of the rhizome are planted in the garden.
• During spring division, each new plant is watered daily for 12-14 days.
• If the procedure is carried out in the fall, young specimens take refuge even before the onset of serious cold snaps.

Reproduction by cuttings

When applying this method, the largest primrose bush is selected, from which, after extraction from the soil, parts with developed roots are separated.

Then:

• The tops of the cuttings are cut longitudinally, which allows you to accelerate the growth rate of the kidneys.
• Prepared cuttings are planted in open ground to a depth of 4 cm.

rooting

In the case when the plant does not have a formed root system and fully developed rosettes, the rooting method is the most suitable way breeding.

To be successful, you need to do the following:

• From the very base of the rhizome, a leaf petiole with ⅓ of a leaf plate is separated.
• The shoot is planted in a container filled with a substrate of leafy soil and sand in equal parts.
• The pot is transferred to the room with large number scattered light and tempera mode within 16-18°C.

When a shoot forms from a bud, the plant is moved to the garden, provided that weather allow it.

Application in landscape design

Primrose's variety of species and varieties, as well as its ease of cultivation, have contributed to its growing popularity among landscapers, some of whom prefer primroses over tulips or daffodils. After all, if you choose the right varietal composition, a flower garden can delight the owner with flowers from mid-spring to the end of summer.

Most often, primrose is used to decorate the following objects:

• The shores of artificial reservoirs are often decorated with moisture-loving primroses.
• Borders and paths are organically shaded by bright varieties.
• Rock gardens and rockeries are also often decorated with primroses due to their undemanding soil and lighting.

So, garden primrose, being an undemanding flower, is an ideal culture for any garden plot. And the species diversity makes it possible to enjoy long flowering almost until the end of summer.