Do-it-yourself house from glued beams. Assembling a house from glued laminated timber with your own hands

For a real man, building a house with his own hands is a challenge to himself! So you can show your true qualities and earn the respect of loved ones. Is it that difficult? Is it possible to build a house on your own or is it better to resort to the help of professionals? Most experts are sure that the assembly of houses from glued beams is quite within the power of a good owner. How to do it right and what to look for Special attention?

DIY assembly is easy

The beam is a modern and comfortable material. For those who have used it in construction, it is quite obvious that:

1. Assembly is fast. It is quite possible to produce it in 1 month, even without special skills.
2. Using a ready-made house kit greatly facilitates the work.

Connecting glued laminated timber into a finished house is easy if you follow all the steps exactly, but it will lead to disastrous results if you treat the work with coolness.

Which profile is better to choose - German or Finnish

Before you start building a house, you should decide on the type of profile.
There are two main modifications:

• Finnish;
• german profile.

The Finnish (Scandinavian) profile is a flat surface with a wide spike at the bottom and a groove at the top. When using it, be sure to use an insulating gasket. Finnish profile easier to mount.
The German profile (comb) is distinguished by the presence of many spikes. It can be installed without additional thermal insulation, but violation of storage rules on construction site or poor drying can greatly complicate the installation process.
The main thing you should remember is that if the material is of high quality, then there is not much difference when choosing.

Domokomplekt from a glued bar - what is it?

A house kit is a set of all the necessary elements for building a house. It includes:

• crowns;
• rafters;
• floor beams;
• lags;
• additional details and components.

By purchasing ready kit glued laminated timber houses, you greatly facilitate the assembly process for yourself:

• Firstly, all elements are accurately calculated and adjusted to each other.

• Second, everything required holes will be drilled in advance. This greatly reduces build time.

• Thirdly, the elements of the house kit are marked at the factory. You just have to install them one by one.

Installation of glued beams - the main stages of work

Glulam assembly technology usually includes the following main steps:

1. Preparatory. Ends with laying the foundation. For buildings made of wood, a shallow-depth tape option is more often used. A layer of waterproofing is laid on the finished base.
2. Laying the first crown. Produced on a gasket made from a fire monitor. The gasket protects the lower crown from rotting. After installing the first crown, it is necessary to carry out its horizontal alignment.
3. Walling. Produced according to the principle of the designer. Spikes and grooves provide reliable fastening of the timber. For the stability of the structure, the crowns are docked with the help of wooden or metal pins. Dowels, having a rectangular or round shape, are driven into prepared holes.
4. Installation of floor beams. It can be done in two ways: by cutting into the wall or using metal fasteners.

After the assembly is completed, the roof is installed, as well as the external and interior decoration walls.

Photo of baths from glued beams

Photos of houses

The ecology of large cities, with wide transport interchanges and numerous industries, leaves much to be desired. Many city dwellers once chose brick and panel high-rise buildings for the sake of the benefits of civilization. Now, when the benefits of civilization are not associated with apartment buildings, they are striving to acquire housing closer to nature, and to make the house as much as possible. natural materials. On the last point, wooden houses are out of competition, which were and remain among the most comfortable for living.

Among all types of private housing built from wood, houses made of glued beams attract special attention. It is believed that this material exhibits best qualities wood, and the shortcomings are leveled by technological processing.

The embodiment of comfort, high quality and traditions of wooden housing construction Source stroycomplektpro.ru

Technology evolution

The technology for the production of glued laminated timber did not arise from scratch. Long before the appearance of the first country houses assembled from this building material, in different parts light and in different eras, similar methods of processing wood were used. As a result, craftsmen from several individual planks or rods obtained durable parts with characteristics that were not available from products made from a single piece of wood. The following uses are widely known:

Combat Bow Manufacturing Technology in Japan. In the 12th century, not only samurai appeared in the country, but also new multi-layered (compound) bows. Durable reinforced weapons (the service life was calculated in decades, and the bow was often inherited) was obtained after gluing wooden and bamboo fragments.

Construction technology of palace arched structures. The French architect Philibert Delorme, the author of the incomparable bridge at the castle of Chenonceau, was the first to think of connecting wooden beams with a wedge. Similar bent bearing parts were also used in Russia in the construction of churches, noble and merchant mansions.

Bent glued laminated timber in a frame structure Source pinterest.com

Production technology of bent glued trusses. A patent for this invention was obtained in 1890 by the German carpenter Otto Hetzer. He began to make massive multilayer structures, connecting the fragments with casein glue.

Production technology modern materials . The impetus for the distribution and construction of houses from glued laminated timber was the development of the chemical industry, which launched the production of a wide range of adhesives for different operating conditions.

The essence of technology

The production of the house kit is in accordance with the project of the future house. Glued laminated timber is a product of a high-tech chain consisting of several successive stages:

Raw material preparation. Wood undergoes strict quality control with sorting according to physical and mechanical properties; low-quality raw materials (with visible defects) is discarded. Such selection of material takes place at each stage.

One of the ways to cut a log Source gcharland.ca

Sawing logs into boards. For the manufacture of high-quality glued laminated timber, boards (lamellas) of longitudinal, radial or semi-radial cut are used. Small companies buy finished lumber, large manufacturers have their own sawmill. To reduce wood losses, sawing is carried out on modern computer-controlled equipment. Depending on the size of the log, the smart machine picks up optimal scheme cutting.

Drying. Can be performed in vivo but kiln drying is preferred. A crucial stage that determines the properties of future lumber. A conscientious manufacturer dries the blanks in a soft, gentle mode; this takes more time, but allows you to even out the level of humidity and reduce internal stress, due to which the finished beams can be bent. Computerized equipment allows you to monitor and control the moisture content of wood directly in the drying chambers. Glued laminated timber made of such lamellas will not be subject to warping or cracking.

Glue application. After primary processing (gouging and trimming), glue is applied. Various compositions are used, but all of them in without fail certified for such work.

High-quality glue is not harmful to health and does not change properties during operation Source lesstroy.net

Pressing. Dried lamellas (with a moisture content of 8-12%) are assembled according to the scheme (often from several types of wood, to give additional strength) into packages. The cross section of the beam can be varied in a significant range, which will not change the characteristics of the product. Then the workpiece is pressed and held under pressure until complete bonding.

Treatment. The glued workpieces undergo thicknessing (treatment that gives the surface smoothness).

Milling. After sorting by strength, the bars are profiled and cut to the desired length. Planting bowls are filigree cut out on them ( longitudinal grooves thermal locks), holes for communications and dowels (studs).

Finishing work. A set of timber is treated with antiseptics, labeled and packaged.

Beam with "comb" profile Source stroyportal.ru

Technology nuances

The physical characteristics of glued laminated lumber are significantly superior to those of ordinary wood or even profiled lumber. The first "popularizers" of the technology were Finnish houses from glued beams, which are famous for their reliability and durability and are almost the standard of wooden housing construction. The quality of the material used in the construction is the result of a rather complex and thorough technological processing of the raw materials, which takes place in several stages with strict quality control.

Choice of wood

For the production of material are considered optimal conifers trees, which include:

Pine. The most affordable (due to the rapid growth of trees) and therefore a popular material. The best wood possesses pine, which is brought from the northern forests - Arkhangelsk, Karelian, Angarsk.

Spruce. It has ideal wood for construction; used for both bearing walls, and for partitions, floors and doors. The disadvantages that push spruce to second place are increased knotty and resinous wood; in addition, spruce loses to pine in terms of growth and behaves capriciously during drying (it can warp).

Glued larch timber Source extraslots.ru

On our website you can get acquainted with the most popular projects of houses from glued laminated timber from construction companies presented at the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

Larch. The wood is second in hardness only to oak, staunchly resists decay, and thanks to a special resin with antiseptic properties, it is protected from infection by mold, fungus and wood-boring bugs. Thanks to these properties, larch timber is a valuable building material.

Cedar. Wood saturated with essential oils has been valued since ancient times (mentioned in the Bible) and is similar in properties to larch wood, only less dense. Cedar wood is prized for its beauty and is in high demand, though not cheap.

Oak. Although not coniferous tree, differs in beautiful texture, durability and resistance to rotting. Wood acquires a noble shade over time and, as a rule, is used for the manufacture of external timber lamellas.

Video description

About the advantages of glued beams in the following video:

Many companies prefer to work exclusively with the northern forest. The choice is explained by the special quality of northern wood. Pine and spruce trees grow slowly in conditions of long winter and short northern summer. The distance between the annual rings (visible in the cross section) is small, which improves the quality of the wood. Glued laminated timber from the northern forest turns out to be as durable as possible.

Harvesting of the northern forest Source rubankom.com

Proper Techniques

saw cut. It not only sets the shape of the lamellas (thickness and length). Proper sawing eliminates wood tension, the cause of which is the different moisture content and density of the material layers (both external and internal, in annual rings). When dried, the wood will not deform.

Gluing. With a properly organized process, the lamella from the core part (with a denser structure) is located on the outside of the beam, reducing the likelihood of cracking. Parts of the beam are glued together with alternating fiber direction, which gives the product a special strength.

Milling. High-precision equipment makes it possible to obtain interlocks with precise geometric parameters. Such locks join structural elements, excluding the appearance of crevices.

Unusual design made possible by bent timber Source sledcomspb.ru

On our site you can find contacts of construction companies that offer the service of building houses from glued beams. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

Materials: types and classification

Manufacturers produce a variety of types of glued laminated timber, which can be sorted according to several criteria:

Appearance. On the market there is a regular and profiled version of the product. Profiled parts can have locks, grooves or ridges, making installation quick and neat.

Dimensions. A beam of standard sizes and profiles is produced, within which it is possible to order products of any dimensions (along the length).

Bonding technologies. There are horizontal beams (two boards are glued in a horizontal plane), vertical (a harder board forms outer surface) and salon (includes from 4 to 8 layers). The material is often combined: larch or cedar is used for the front lamellas, pine or spruce for the internal ones.

bar custom sizes to implement design projects Source cafe-ayo.ru

Pros and cons of glued laminated timber houses

Country two-and one-story houses from glued beams demonstrate many advantages:

High quality wall structures. The surface is not prone to cracking; there is no possibility of through cracking.

Reliability. follows from the first paragraph. Such a building is superior in strength and durability to houses made of traditional lumber.

stable geometry. Regardless of the operating conditions, the material does not deform and does not lead. Thanks to the perfect processing, the crowns fit snugly; the wall is not blown and does not freeze through.

Thermal efficiency. Thanks to the perfect geometry, heating costs during operation are minimal.

Easy assembly. Installation of the house can be carried out all year round and in any weather.

Assembly speed. The house is assembled in 3-6 months (depending on the complexity of the project), and is immediately ready for occupancy. It will take 1.5-2 years to build a house from a log (taking into account the expectation of shrinkage).

The project of a house made of glued laminated timber with a large glazing area Source elmin.ru

architectural possibilities. The material has a high load-bearing capacity with a relatively low weight, it is suitable for creating wide window openings, long walls, spans up to 10-12 m wide and curved forms.

Minimum shrinkage. Glued laminated timber has a small shrinkage of 1.5-2% or up to 2 mm per meter of wall (shrinkage of solid wood walls is uneven and reaches 7-10%). Such a small value is predictable, and it is taken into account in the design.

Environmental friendliness. Glued laminated timber is classified as an environmentally friendly material if certified glue that meets safety standards was used in its production.

Aesthetics. Texture wooden walls has a natural beauty and does not need finishing, except for toning (optional) and varnishing.

Video description

About the disadvantages of glued beams in the following video:

Just as there is no light without shadow, so there are no virtues without flaws. For a glued beam house, these include:

Price. The desire to build a house from glued beams will cost more than any other wooden building.

Regular care. Every 5-6 years, the surface of the walls must be re-treated with protective impregnations and varnished. Similar care is required for all wooden buildings.

Finnish house made of timber tinted in natural colors Source yandex.ru

Possibility of defects. Despite the manufacturability of production, glued laminated timber remains a tree (for which it is valued). Like any wooden product, it is not guaranteed against the appearance of cracks and shrinkage, only such troubles occur in a tenfold smaller volume.

Possibility of buying counterfeit. Here you are not insured from anything. The result can be a significant shrinkage of the house (in artisanal conditions it is difficult to ensure proper drying), a change in geometry, a mismatch in size and harm to health (no one can vouch for the quality of the glue).

Glue. In a glued beam with a vertical orientation, there can be 4-5 layers of glue. And although, in terms of its properties, high-quality glue approaches wood resin (natural substances serve as the basis), it disrupts the natural air circulation. In this case, only the inner surface of the wall can regulate the humidity in the room. An option would be to use a horizontally oriented material.

combustibility. The wood is treated with a flame retardant that restrains the spread of fire for 20-30 minutes, which is enough to evacuate people and call rescue services.

Modern project with elements of ethnic style Source realtor.if.ua

About Finnish and domestic glued beams

Among demanding Russian customers who want to build a house for their family, Finnish glued laminated timber is a reference building material. Disputes about how expedient it is to buy material made in Finland arise with enviable regularity. Proponents of imports make a compelling argument:

About the quality of wood. The Finnish forest intended for saw cut is carefully looked after, sanitary felling is carried out. Special attention is paid to wood sorting, health safety (environmental friendliness) is checked in the laboratory.

About production. Finnish traditions of wooden housing construction, multiplied by modern technologies, always give excellent results. The quality of the Russian product cannot be called stable; some domestic companies do not care about the quality of drying (which cannot be controlled) and do not maintain the exact dimensions of the parts (which is found out during installation and causes additional problems).

Hi-tech project Source m.2gis.ru

About price. The cost of an average domestic house kit is 10-15% less than a similar Finnish one (and taking into account the price of a plot, landscape design and communication lines, the difference is 5-7%). Such savings for a premium home means a reduction in quality and comfort, which for many looks unreasonable.

About technology innovations. Finnish companies do not stand still, offering building materials with improved parameters (minimal shrinkage). Such a beam expands the architectural possibilities, allowing, for example, to design walls with a large glass area. New seals improve the thermal efficiency of the house.

Opponents of imports argue no less convincingly:

About production and quality. To make a house kit suitable for assembly, well-established wood preparation processes (especially drying) are needed, which are beneficial to use only in large-scale industries. Many domestic factories that have introduced modern technological lines, supply glued laminated timber, which is not inferior in quality to foreign counterparts.

Terrace of a classic house made of glued beams Source arhitectyra.ru

About price. A bar from the country of Suomi will cost the customer 30-40% more, and the difference is determined mainly not by quality, but by customs duties and internal taxes. The difference between two buildings assembled from domestic and Finnish timber, the most attentive foreman will not notice.

About aesthetics. Finnish glued laminated timber is a solid material, and no one disputes this. However, neighbors traditionally look at numerous knots (especially in spruce wood) philosophically, which allows the domestic product to look more advantageous.

About developments. Domestic technical thought offers a new material - insulated glued beams. In the upper part of the profile, the product is provided with a layer of sealant. The novelty improves the sound insulation of the walls and serves as a barrier to atmospheric moisture.

Video description

Planning a construction country house and you can not decide what material to build? We will talk about houses made of glued laminated timber, reveal the features and construction technologies. We also give the order of prices for a house made of glued laminated timber on a turnkey basis:

Handicraft production

The Internet offers many special articles on the handicraft production of glued laminated timber and the construction of houses from it. The main factor that encourages you to pay attention to such a house made of glued laminated timber is the price, which is attractively (and sometimes implausibly) low. Customers looking for budget options should remember that:

For the manufacture of 1 m 3 glued laminated timber, 2 m 3 boards are used (and not construction, but special sawing, from best parts tree trunk). Such lumber is not cheap.

So that after six months of operation (and sometimes even earlier) the beam does not delaminate along the lamellas, it is glued together with high-quality (not cheap) glue.

For the manufacture of solid (dense, without gaps) lock connection you need a high-tech (preferably foreign-made) machine, and with it - a qualified performer.

Marriage is visible to the naked eye Source remontik.org

The recipe for cheap glued laminated timber is as follows:

Buy cheap timber, sieve (with rot) or burner. Dried in unregulated conditions and transported regardless of humidity and rain. A bar made from such raw materials immediately begins to rot.

Get cheap glue. Even if the beam does not fall apart in six months, it will cause incomprehensible headaches and allergies in the household.

Buying or renting an old one(production should be as profitable as possible) tool. Slots are foamed, mismatched parts are attracted by a sledgehammer, a press in a cold shed is blown by a heat gun. A cold board will definitely (though not for long) stick.

Real glued laminated timber cannot be made in artisanal conditions, and by definition it cannot be cheap - this is an axiom that does not require proof. Houses made of turnkey glued laminated timber, made of high-quality material, can be cheaper than analogues if they are intended for seasonal living.

European-style two-storey glue-beam house Source maisonboisnature.com

Projects and prices of glued timber houses

In order not to join the army of those who multiply on the Internet negative feedback about the glue beam, do not save, since you have chosen such a building material. Bar prices are as follows:

Domestic wall glued timber. The range starts from 18-22 thousand rubles. and rests on 30-35 thousand rubles / m 3.

Finnish material. The cost reaches 45-50 thousand rubles / m 3.

The cost of a house kit lies in the range of 9.5-18.5 thousand rubles / m 2, which is affected by the complexity of the project, the characteristics of materials and equipment. When choosing a project, you should understand that the price tag may indicate different offers:

The price of a bar is indicated, and turning it into Vacation home paid extra.

Country style in a modern interpretation Source cafe-ayo.ru

The price is indicated for the finished house kit, the sum depends on the set of elements. The price for a finished house according to an individual project starts from 50 thousand rubles / m 2.

The average prices for turnkey glued laminated timber houses (Moscow region) are as follows:

Houses with an area up to 100 m2: 2.6-3.7 million rubles

area from 100 to 200 m2: 3.89-5.65 million rubles

From 200 to 300 m2: 6.8-9.5 million rubles

Conclusion

Wooden houses made of glued beams have gained recognition in many countries of the world, the technology is recognized as efficient and economical. Such housing delights its owners with the quality of workmanship, functionality, aesthetic expressiveness and economy in operation. Only if a high-quality glue beam was used for its construction, and a construction company with decent experience in the field of wooden housing construction was engaged in the construction.

In wooden construction, a log, timber, boards (in frame construction), but wood has several rather serious natural flaws, which lumber manufacturers for building houses are trying to level today.

One of the most high-tech materials for the construction of a country house of permanent residence is profiled. We offer an overview - how to build a house from glued beams, with a description of all the assembly steps.

Advantages and disadvantages of a glued beam house

A house made of glued laminated timber has a number of advantages that are inherent only in buildings made of this material.

Advantages of glued timber houses

• low thermal conductivity. A private house, built from glued laminated timber does not need insulation;

• the possibility of implementing a project of any complexity. Thanks to the geometry of the beam, you can make long walls without splicing. In addition, it is possible to purchase bent glued laminated timber. At the same time, using glued beams in construction, it becomes possible to assemble walls of different thicknesses, which is a source of savings in construction;

• there is no need to seal the walls. The tight fit of the beam and minimal cracking allows you to abandon caulking and sealing joints;

• antiseptic. The manufacturing technology of glued laminated timber provides for the spreading of timber into boards and their subsequent gluing. This makes it possible to cut out knots and other defects, as well as dry the board to the desired moisture content. The glue with which the lamellas are connected acts as an antiseptic. In addition, glued laminated timber is treated with flame retardants;

• environmental friendliness. Adhesives and the wood used is certified for compliance with standards and safety;

• biological inertness;

• high speed of construction, which reduces the time of construction / commissioning and allows you to quickly move into the house;

• minimal shrinkage, which makes it possible to start finishing immediately after construction is completed;

• aesthetic appearance. Glued laminated timber does not crack like a log or natural timber. This reduces the requirements for exterior finishes;

• strength and long service life.

Cons of glued beam houses

The disadvantages are much less, but they are:

• higher, chamber drying, the cost of timber;

• the need for constant care of the tree (a feature of all wooden houses) in order to reduce the rate of its aging and discoloration.

As you can see, there are more attractive sides than negative ones, which is why the construction of timber houses is popular in Europe.

Stages of building a house from glued beams

As already mentioned, glued laminated timber is a relatively easy-to-use material, and step-by-step instruction, describing in detail each stage, will eliminate errors and outline a plan for starting building a house with your own hands or attracting a contractor.

stage number	Name	Content
1.	Project development	- individual or standard project.
2.	Foundation pouring	- calculation of the type of foundation depending on the characteristics of the soil, terrain, level ground water, project, etc. factors; - arrangement of the pit; - Arrangement of formwork with reinforcement; - pouring concrete and curing.
3.	Laying the first crown	- waterproofing; - the first row of timber.
4.	Installation lag	- arrangement of the subfloor above the plinth; - installation of the subfloor above the basement;
5.	box construction	- laying the remaining rows; - device interior partitions; - installation of interfloor overlappings.
6.	Roofing	- installation of the truss system; - installation of a roofing pie (insulation and finishing).
7.	Installation of individual elements	- installation of vertical structural elements (pillars, columns, supports); - filling openings (window and door frames); - Ladder installation.
8.	Interior decoration	- communications; - decorative trim
9.	Exterior finish	- point sealing; - protection of wood.

Proper preparation for the assembly of the house and a clear sequence of work guarantee a quality result.

Stage 1 - Project development

Project of a house made of glued beams - necessary condition to start construction. There are four ways to get a project:

• download finished project (free on the Internet) and perform work on it. But, it is worth remembering that the network contains projects that are designed for specific users and operating conditions. Just by copying the finished project, you may encounter a mismatch between the type of foundation and the type of soil, with the insufficient size of the house, difficulties with plumbing communications, etc.;

• download the finished project and change "for yourself". The most popular option. However, it requires a change, and for this you need to have certain knowledge and skills in working with computer programs in this area (ArchiCAD, AutoCAD);

• order development in construction company . They usually offer many options to choose from and take care of everything related to making changes and obtaining permits. This option is not suitable for everyone who plans to build a house from glued laminated timber with their own hands, because. incurs additional costs;

• order individual project . Note that the cost of the project can reach 25-30% of the total construction budget. The material was prepared for the site www.site

How to redo a house project?

Many owners are taken for independent revision of ready-made standard projects (adaptation to certain operating conditions). To avoid mistakes, you need to take into account:

№	Factor	Description
1.	Purpose of the building	- country house; - house of seasonal residence; - house of permanent residence.
2.	Material parameters	- indicators of humidity: for glued beams is 12-15%; - geometry: the appearance of the beam, affects the type of assembly; - section; - profile view.
3.	Building area	- number of rooms; - area of ​​rooms; - configuration of the house and arrangement of rooms; - number of floors; - the presence of a ladder and its parameters; - specific needs of residents;
4.	Location of the house	- the ability to connect to central communications; - influence of other objects (well, reservoir, septic tank, access roads); - appearance of the site (relief, perennial plantings, trees); - features of the soil; - distance from the boundaries of the site.

As a result of the design, a finished project is created, according to which permits will be obtained.

Note that the construction with the subsequent legalization of the object is a rather complicated and costly task, so it is better to get documents for building a house before it starts.

To approve the house project, you need to provide:

• foundation drawing. This document contains geodetic survey data (soil, relief, composition, groundwater level, soil freezing depth) and foundation data (type, depth, material used);

• floor plan of the building. It indicates: the number, size and location of windows, doors, passages, partitions, communications, fireplace, stairs. Each element contains a description and dimensions;

• spreading. A document containing data on the number and cross section of the beam that will be used to build each of the walls. Having a spread, it is easier to make a calculation of glued laminated timber for building a house.

• specification of elements with indication of dimensions. It is convenient to compile such a document using a computer program;

• roof data with a detailed description of the roofing cake(material, its parameters, type of insulation, films, gaps, type of roofing material, heating pipes, the presence of windows, etc.).
• project visualization.

What kind of glued beam is better to build a house from?

When developing a project, you need to take into account the parameters of the beam itself.

• 100x100 mm - buildings not intended for permanent residence, gazebos;
• 150x150 mm - at home (with mandatory insulation), baths;
• 200x200 mm - houses of permanent residence.

The cross-section of glued laminated timber can be increased to 360 mm on request, and the length of the timber can reach 18 meters (limited by the possibility of transportation).

Heat transfer resistance for a house is calculated based on the recommendations of SNiP II-3-79.

What profile of glued laminated timber to choose for the house?

• comb or German profile allows to provide very dense joint of a bar. Such a joint does not require the use of heat-insulating material, however, it is quite difficult to fold the timber clearly without experience;

• Finnish profile or Scandinavian makes it possible to lay thin thermal insulation material between crowns. Thanks to the profile configuration, it is easier to fold it for beginners who have no experience in construction.

Domokomplekt from a glued bar

Another factor that will make the house faster and better is the use of a house kit.

Domokomplekt- this is a ready-made set of glued beams for building a house. All beams are marked, the length specified by the project and the landing bowl. The assembly is performed according to the instructions (as a constructor).

The set of house kit includes: beams of crowns, beams for ceilings, material for arranging the truss system, logs of the subfloor, details according to the project (columns, supports, timber for the wall, etc.). On request, it can contain elements of finishing: finishing floor boards, terrace board, lining for the ceiling, etc.

The use of a house kit allows you to reduce the work on arranging seats.

You can order a house kit from the manufacturer of glued beams. It should be borne in mind that the kit will cost 20-25% more than the moldings. But, with a complex project, this is the best option.

As a rule, it is the manufacturer who assembles the house from glued laminated timber, because. offers competitive pricing. Those. You can separately buy a house kit made of glued laminated timber from the manufacturer, but the price will be an order of magnitude higher than the one that the plant lays in the turnkey service.

Comparison of construction from moldings and a house kit from glued laminated timber for self-assembly in the table:

Stage 2 - Pouring the foundation for a house from a bar

Peculiarity wooden construction in that the work is carried out using a relatively light material (than, for example, brick), which reduces the requirements for the base. The foundation is poured in accordance with project documentation, and work is suspended for the duration of curing.

Wood is one of the most ancient and widely used building materials. For the construction of some buildings, simple logs are not suitable, so they were previously replaced by various other materials. However, as soon as such a material as glued laminated timber was discovered, it became quite possible to build even quite complex structures from wood.

Glued beam device.

A house made of glued laminated timber has many advantages. The main ones are the speed and excellent speed of construction, as well as high strength and finished house. In order to independently build a house from glued laminated timber, you need to thoroughly understand all the nuances of such construction.

Construction of a foundation for a house made of glued laminated timber

Tools necessary for work: hammer, screwdriver, level and tape measure, drill.

The process of building a house from glued laminated timber with your own hands begins with the construction of the foundation. However, before proceeding with this work, you need to prepare the following tools:

• gasoline or electric saw;
• screwdriver;
• a hammer;
• axe;
• perforator;
• drill;
• nails and screws;
• level and tape measure;
• shovels;
• concrete mixer.

It is best to build a house with your own hands on a shallow strip foundation. First, the markup is done. In one of the corners you need to drive in a wooden stake, then take a right triangle and determine the direction in which you will need to pull 2 ​​threads, with which the sides of the future foundation for a house made of glued laminated timber with your own hands will be marked.

Measure the required distance and drive in the second peg. Go back to the first one and pull on a new thread that will show another side of the base. Mark all other sides of the structure in the same way. Be sure to check the correctness of the markup. To do this, stretch the diagonals and measure their lengths. If they are the same, then the markup is correct.

Types of timber.

Next, you will need to mark a square near each driven peg on the inside. Usually squares with a side of 0.5 m are marked. Drive pegs into the corners of the resulting square and pull the rope between them. This will indicate the inner contour of the base for the house.

When the markup is ready, dig a trench. Deepen it by about 0.5 m. Check the uniformity of the bottom of the excavated pit. Eliminate existing gaps. Pour a layer of sand 10-15 cm thick on the bottom of the pit. Carefully level it and compact it.

Make a frame from reinforcing bars. Drop it into the hole. In the middle, as well as in the corners of the pit, linings for the frame should be installed. They can be made from broken and unnecessary bricks. After that, you will need to make do-it-yourself shields for the basement of the future house from glued laminated timber. Use boards 2.5x15 cm for this, moisture-resistant plywood is also suitable.

Ventilation products must be installed in the walls of the base, thanks to which the underground will remain dry. Take a piece of timber, isolate it with roofing material, and then squeeze it between the shields. Wait until the foundation for the house of glued laminated timber hardens with your own hands, and knock out these blanks.

For pouring, a standard solution is prepared from 1 part of cement, 3 parts of sand, water and 5 parts of gravel or crushed stone.

The solution must be poured in uniform layers. Watch the integrity of the shields. Each poured layer must be compacted with a vibrator. Leave the poured foundation for about a month so that it gains strength.

Crown laying guide

The project of a house made of glued beams.

First of all, you will need to ensure reliable moisture protection of the lower trim from the foundation of the house from glued burs with your own hands. To do this, cover the entire surface of the base with several layers of roofing material. You can coat it with bituminous mastic, and lay a waterproofing layer on it.

Lay the strapping beams in place in accordance with the drawing of your house from glued laminated timber with your own hands. Joining beams can be done in several different ways.

To connect the first crowns to the base, use metal studs or crutches. Drill at least 2 through holes in the beam. Each of them should have a diameter of about 1 cm. Go deep into the foundation of your future home from glued laminated timber with your own hands by about 5-10 cm. Remove the beam, drive a wooden cork into the resulting hole, return the beam to its place, drive in a crutch or a hairpin. The starting row is covered with thermal insulation (usually tow or jute is used). On top of the thermal insulation is arranged next row beams.

For the most reliable connection of the beams with each other, you need to use wooden dowels. At the joints or next to them, make holes with a diameter of about 4 cm and a depth equal to 1.5 beams. The dowel should be 1-2 mm larger than the hole diameter, and its length 40-50 mm less than the hole depth. Drive in the dowel and additionally finish it on top so that it deepens.

Step by step instructions for building a floor

Floor device.

When building a house from glued laminated timber with your own hands, the method of building a floor on supporting pillars is most often used. This is one of the simplest and most effective solutions.

First, the ground for the supporting posts is taken out. To do this, you need to dig a hole with sides of the order of 40-50 cm and depths of half a meter. The distance between the posts is 70-80 cm. Pour 10 cm of sand and the same layer of gravel into the pits. Thoroughly tamp the backfill. After that, a reinforcing frame should be made for the base of the support column, lowered inward and poured with concrete mortar.

Wait for the concrete to gain strength, and you can do brickwork. In the event that the supporting posts are higher than 25 cm, the laying is done in 2 bricks. If their height is less, 1.5 bricks will be enough. The top of the columns is covered with thermal insulation.

Lay the beams on the prepared posts. Put lags on them. This method requires a fairly large consumption of lumber, but the finished floor of the house can normally withstand high loads and you don't have to glue anything. Use self-tapping screws to connect the beams.

Inside, between the lags, it is necessary to lay a rough roll. It is fastened to the lags with the help of metal corners. For the manufacture of rolling, use moisture resistant plywood. Between the reel and lags should be laid waterproofing material. Bring the edges of the insulation around the perimeter up. The film is overlapped. Glue the joints with tape. Lay the insulation material inside and lay the subfloor. The topcoat is not applied at this stage. This will be done in the process of finishing the finished house from glued laminated timber with your own hands.

How to build walls?

The device of the walls of the house from glued beams.

At this point, you will need to find at least 3 helpers. Thermal insulation is laid over the crowns and the first row of beams is installed. Use nails to temporarily fix each beam. They need to be driven into the ends on both sides. Take a drill and make holes for the dowels. Drive in pins.

Watch the level of verticality and horizontality of the walls. After the wall box is completely ready, it is covered with beams interfloor overlap. Install the beams, mark the places for their installation. Remove the beams to the side, make cuts in half of the timber in the previously marked places and lower the floor beams into them. Check if they are horizontal building level. If several floors are planned for your house made of glued laminated timber with your own hands, continue to build walls using the same technology. After all the walls and ceilings are ready, proceed to the manufacture roof structure for the roof of your house from glued beams.

Roof Installation Instructions

At this stage, the truss system is installed, the roof is laid and the roof is thermally insulated. When performing all work related to the construction of the roof, you need to be careful and attentive. You have to do the following.

Glued beam rafters.

First you go upstairs, lay there and securely fasten the Mauerlats. For this, a glued beam is suitable. Mauerlats must be securely fastened to the walls of the house from glued beams.

Next, you will need to make a template for the rafters. Take a couple of boards, lift them up and set them where the rafters will be. Adjust the angle of inclination and fasten the boards to each other. Prepare recesses for the support at the bottom of the templates.

Lower the boards to the ground and, guided by them, cut and fit the rafters. Next, you will need to connect the rafters into a single structure called a truss and raise it up. First make no more than 2 such farms. Install one at the start of your glulam home and the other at the end. Stretch the string between the trusses. This will help you set the structure on a single horizontal level. If there is a bias, it must be removed. To do this, lower the protruding farm.

Do it, lift it up and install all the other trusses. Focus on the stretched cord. Stuff the crate on the rafters. Lay a waterproof film over it. Finally, you will need to put roofing material, and the roof can be considered finished.

The roof space must be insulated. To do this, you first need to make and insulate the floor of the attic according to the previously considered scheme for installing the floor on the logs. The only difference is that you don’t have to lay the finishing floor - a rough one is left. After that, the roof is insulated. To do this, between the lags you need to lay a heater, on top of it - vapor barrier film. All this is additionally fixed with a crate.

At the end of the construction of a house made of glued laminated timber, windows and doors are installed with their own hands, Finishing work, electrical wiring is being arranged, etc. Successful work!

The main disadvantage of glued beams is the price. The material has moved from the elite segment to the middle one, but still, a house kit is more expensive than a log or an ordinary beam. What else are sellers hiding? Today we’ll talk about the real disadvantages of glued laminated timber and the problems that owners of houses built from it face.

Let's start with the price. The most frequent question of the buyer: why is it so expensive?

The main disadvantage is the price of glued laminated timber

What makes up the cost

1. The price of raw materials. For the production of glued laminated timber, a tree with defects is not suitable: cracks, poor-quality processing, fungus damage. In the process of drying, planing and removing defective places, a large percentage of wood is lost (for example, it takes up to 1.55 cubic meters of raw board to manufacture 1 cubic meter of glued laminated timber).
2. Adhesive costs. For high-quality and safe bonding, you have to buy expensive European-made compositions.
3. Production cost. Drying chambers, woodworking equipment, lamella presses, machines for profiling, cutting house kits - without a complete set of equipment it is impossible to produce high-quality glued laminated timber.
4. Compensation for skilled workers and woodworking engineers. Even the most advanced equipment requires knowledge and responsibility. All stages of production in GOOD WOOD are accepted according to checklists.
5. The beam goes through the process of antiseptic and end sealing. The ends of the timber are the most vulnerable place for moisture to penetrate through open pores, which can lead to cracking. To avoid this, we apply a special liquid sealant to the ends, which closes the pores and prevents the penetration of moisture.
6. Package. Ready-to-assemble parts are packed in packs and covered with a special film to protect against moisture and sun rays. IN GOOD WOOD maximum term storage in production - 5 days. During this time, a party is formed and sent to the construction site.

Why is cheap glued laminated timber sometimes found

The only way to reduce the cost of production is to eliminate some item from the process or replace the material with a cheaper one. That is why, if you are offered a house made of glued laminated timber for 1-2 million rubles, get ready to get a cottage with defects:

• Unfinished wood. The walls dry out and crack.
• Poor quality adhesive. The item exfoliates immediately or after 1-2 seasons.
• geometry violation. Parts are poorly fitted to each other, there are gaps at the joints.
• Fungal infection. Appears in case of violation of storage rules, purchase of cheap material.

How to lower the price without losing quality

When glued laminated timber appeared on the market, it was so expensive that it was found only in elite villages. The material was brought from Finland, there was no own production. After the appearance of equipment in Russia, the situation has changed - now we can produce material cheaper, create own products, optimize processes.

Own production and the laboratory are an expensive pleasure, but it was they who helped GOOD WOOD to make glued laminated timber more accessible, to develop popular standard projects.

Glued laminated timber cannot be chosen by price - production is expensive, so the underestimated cost directly indicates a violation of manufacturing or construction technology. High-quality glued laminated timber lasts a long time and allows us to safely offer houses with a guarantee of up to 50 years.

Attention: delamination of the beam along the glue line

What should I do if the beam delaminated along the vertical plane of gluing? Disassemble the wall, change the defective crown? Cut out the damaged area? This is either impossible or too expensive. The only way is to prevent delamination of the timber. That is, to prevent even the occurrence of such a situation. But how to avoid stratification?

In practice, everything is very simple - you need high-quality glue, exact adherence to technology. GOOD WOOD uses Akzo Nobel glue, a special two-component compound that tightly bonds wood. The test is carried out by an engineer of the technical control department.

In order to achieve the absence of delamination in 100% of the products, it was necessary to purchase an automatic line for gluing, conclude an agreement for the supply of glue, and set the modes in such a way as to ensure that the technology is not violated. But the result is worth it - GOOD WOOD glued laminated timber does not delaminate.

Are cracks normal?

Have you been promised a cottage made of glued laminated timber without cracks? This is a lie. Any wood cracks - so distinguishing feature at the material. Another thing is that these cracks should not worsen the thermal insulation properties, the appearance of the walls.

There are two types of cracks:

1. Cracks in a massive bar or log. These are unlimited defects that go deep into the middle of the crown, and sometimes even become through.
2. Cracks in the glued beam (we are talking about a quality glued product). In the very difficult case wood cracks to the thickness of one lamella, but this is rare, usually the depth is not more than 2-3 mm. Sometimes a kind of cobweb of several microcracks is formed on the surface.

Such a difference in the nature of defects is achieved due to the multi-layered laminated timber: the fibers of the inner lamella are arranged differently than those of the outer lamella - each lamella keeps adjacent boards from cracking.

Note. Do not forget about the effect of heating intensity on the appearance of cracks. If the building was not used in winter, then you can not immediately turn it on heating equipment at full power - it is important to gradually warm up the walls.

So is there shrinkage or not?

Shrinkage in houses made of glued laminated timber is 1.5-2%. This is very small compared to wood with natural moisture content (up to 10%) and even dry wood (up to 4%), but if you are offered a house made of glued laminated timber without shrinkage at all, do not believe it. There is shrinkage, and it must be taken into account.

In addition to shrinkage, it is possible to change the linear dimensions, the relative position of the parts, depending on the humidity and the season. Wooden houses are like a living organism that changes over time. In summer, the tree absorbs moisture and swells slightly, in winter it gives off and shrinks. This is how the seasonal movements of wood manifest themselves. If maintenance is carried out according to the instructions (twice a year, adjust the support nodes), then changes do not cause trouble.

Preliminary drying of the lamellas in special chambers reduces the percentage of shrinkage and eliminates deformations. Boards spend in chambers up to 7 days.

Drying results:

1. The slats evenly and gradually lose excess moisture without cracking, tearing or twisting.
2. A dry board is better processed, spliced.
3. The slats have almost taken their final shape and size.

Although in log houses after chamber drying, according to the statistics of measurements carried out 2-3 years after construction, shrinkage does not exceed 2%, in GOOD WOOD projects, shrinkage is laid with a margin of up to 4%. To compensate for changes in dimensions, jacks, studs, technological gaps, and sliding fasteners are included in the design. This is an obligatory part of every glued beam cottage project.

For more information about anti-shrink technologies, see the video “Why does a wooden house need jacks? Uniform shrinkage of a wooden house "

The video tells about the observance of shrinkage technology during finishing and the need for timely maintenance of a wooden house:

The house needs processing and maintenance

You can't build a house and forget about maintenance. Of course, caulk three times, fight with through cracks and you won’t have to renew the coating every year, but a house made of glued laminated timber also needs regular maintenance.

Painting

Before shipment, the parts are treated with a transport antiseptic. This coating protects the tree for six months. During this time, you need to apply permanent protection, paint the walls. The paint is usually renewed every 5-10 years (depending on whether the whole house or its sides are on the sunny or shady side).

Maintenance

General composition of maintenance:

1. Visually inspect walls, ceilings, partitions, roofs, foundations.
2. We measure cracks, cracks (if any).
3. We evaluate the horizontality of the running beams, adjust the position with jacks as they shrink.
4. We tighten the pins. The linear size decreases over time, to maintain the desired rigidity, it is required to keep the studs in a tightened state.
5. We adjust windows and doors so that the sashes continue to work perfectly, regardless of changes in the geometry of the house.
6. Check position and tightness drainage system, adjust the brackets.
7. We evaluate the condition of the roof, the correctness of the geometry of the truss system.
8. We test electrical wiring, sockets, switches, protective automation.
9. We check the free state of the sliding fasteners.

It is advisable to carry out maintenance every 6 months - this way it is possible to adjust the position in time, to achieve uniform shrinkage without gaps, geometry violations. The first 3-5 years are especially important (time of intensive shrinkage). Then the house takes on a more permanent shape, you can increase the pause.

More information about the maintenance schedule can be found in a special section.

Summing up

You can't save money on a purchase. High-quality glued timber is expensive. Wooden house even from glued laminated timber, it requires investment during operation, care and attention, since wood is a natural material.
We have specially compiled a “Client Memo”, where we talk in detail about the features of the operation of such houses.
We invite you to visit the seminar-excursion "Construction of a country house: technologies, stages, cost" and ask questions to specialists in wooden houses.