Pansies: the main varieties and features of growing plants. Pansies perennial planting and care in the open field Pansies perennial or not

Most owners of household plots would like to see a water corner in their garden - at least a small, but still their own personal “lake”. In response to this request, the sale appeared prefabricated structures for the device of express reservoirs from polymer materials. The task of those who want to have a reservoir is to dig a suitable hole and install a plastic bowl of the selected configuration into it. But how to choose the right tank for the pond?

Zucchini contains vitamins A and C, potassium, calcium, iron, magnesium and others useful material. Its dietary fibers adsorb toxins, reduce blood cholesterol levels. This vegetable is considered an indispensable dietary product. Due to the tender pulp, easily absorbed by the body, it is recommended as the first complementary food for children. At the same time, zucchini is not so difficult to grow. But there are tricks that will help you get a truly rich harvest from each bush.

Growing crops with long period vegetation through seedlings is a painstaking process that takes more than one month. And, you see, it is incredibly disappointing when the results of our labors perish in a matter of days. It is very difficult for seedlings grown on a windowsill to adjust and get used to a new habitat, although open ground conditions are much more natural for plants. Our task is to do everything possible so that their survival rate approaches 100%.

When there is a desire to plant and grow a small care garden, in which, if you work, then not “until you drop”, then you have to look for suitable ornamental plants. Naturally, these plants should not be demanding on soils, watering, resistant to diseases and pests. But, not only that, we also need them to be decorative as well! And if they also bloomed beautifully ... And what do you think? There are such plants. Today we’ll talk about one of them - holly mahonia.

Beef roll with chicken fillet and sweet pepper - juicy, tasty and healthy. This dish is suitable for a diet and low-calorie menu. Several thin slices of juicy meatloaf with a salad of fresh vegetables - why not breakfast before a working day. You will have to tinker a little with the formation of the product itself, and then watch the preparation for a couple of hours - the rolls can be steamed in baking bags or boiled in a large saucepan at a temperature of about 80 ° C.

Common parsnip, or field parsnip, or sowing parsnip (Pastinaca sativa) in the wild is widely distributed in regions with temperate climate (middle lane Russia, North Caucasus, Crimea, Ural, Altai, etc.), but is still rarely found in garden plots. True, today the popularity of parsnips is growing quite actively. In animal husbandry and beekeeping, it is used as a fodder plant and honey plant, and in cooking - as a tasty and healthy vegetable.

Among the plants, one species of which seems to take us to the tropical forests filled with aroma, quisqualis is one of the most "atmospheric". This is a rare and valuable indoor and greenhouse liana. And although the plant has long been reclassified as a genus of combretums, it is very difficult not to recognize it. This climber is unusual in every way. Inflorescences remain a favorite feature of quisqualis, in which graceful flowers from snow-white rather quickly repaint into crimson-red.

Fast and very delicious salad from cabbage and pork. A similar salad is prepared by Koreans, apparently our hostesses spied on this delicious recipe. Indeed, this is a very quick dish to prepare, and even without special culinary experience, it is easy to prepare. Choose lean pork, a shoulder blade, a sirloin will do. Salo is better to cut. You can simply chop early cabbage, and I advise you to chop the winter cabbage thinly, sprinkle with salt and grind it with your hands.

The universal favorite among the decorative and deciduous perennials of the host conquers not only the beauty of the leaves. It is durable and relatively undemanding, growing in the right place for many years, but it can hardly be called fast-growing. The hosta propagates easily, although you will have to be patient to get spectacular, highly decorative bushes. To independently increase the host collection, first of all, you need to remember the features of this culture.

Dill spreads well by self-sowing, so many summer residents do not consider it necessary to sow this crop every year on the site. But at the same time, everyone understands that dill and dill are different. And the greens of carefully grown dill in the garden in their own way palatability and flavor tends to be superior to dill, which grows on its own. In this article, we will tell you how to have green dill in the beds in sufficient quantities from early spring to late autumn.

Stir fry with beef, soy noodles, vegetables and Iceberg lettuce - recipe quick dinner or lunch for a busy person. It takes no more than 15 minutes to prepare it, and you can feed it to a couple of hungry mouths, which cannot bear to wait for a sophisticated dinner. Stir fry is a way of quickly frying vegetables and meat, which came to us from the east. Do not be upset if the wok is not among yours kitchen utensils. Regular frying pan with a thick bottom non-stick coating will fit too.

Among plants that can boast of variegated foliage, alpinia claims to be not only the rarest, but also the most original culture. It simultaneously reminds of bamboos and arrowroot calatheas, and sometimes even vriesias. True, it looks like the latter only with its inflorescences. Luxurious leaves, most often covered with variegated contrasting stripes, look so modern that the beauty of their flawless patterns and brilliance is impossible not to admire.

Vegetarian cabbage rolls from savoy cabbage with mushrooms - steamed cabbage rolls for diet, vegetarian and lean menus. Cabbage rolls are unusually tasty, very appetizing, and, if applicable to food, beautiful, unlike their counterparts from white cabbage, stewed in a brazier or fried in a pan. Savoy cabbage is tastier than white cabbage, the head is loose, it is easier to disassemble it into individual leaves. The color of the leaves is from pale green to emerald green.

AT winter time every summer resident is looking forward to spring and is happy to open the season with the first crops of flower and vegetable crops for seedlings. But, unfortunately, the place on the windowsill is limited, and it is not always possible to place it in the apartment. right amount seedlings in cups. In addition, some of the crops may simply not sprout, something will die ... And for us, summer residents, no matter how much you plant, it’s not enough! Therefore, at least some seedlings, but almost every gardener buys.

Growing annuals in the garden has at least two advantages over growing perennials. First, most popular annuals bloom profusely throughout their growing season. Secondly, many letniki are freely sown and appear in the garden year after year with minimal participation from the grower. Which letniki can be planted only once, and then, following simple tricks, meet them in the garden every season?

They say that if you give pansies to your lover, he will never be able to take his eyes off you again? There is no exact data on the veracity of the magical effect of this plant, so you will have to test it yourself. Which type of plant should you choose - annual or perennial?

It is good that there are plant varieties that give us freedom of choice. Pansies- not an exception. The plant has frost-resistant properties, takes root well on almost any soil, and also does not need careful care or special growing techniques. To answer the question why pansies should be grown as a perennial plant, the following arguments were chosen: it endures winter, which means it does not require hassle with transplants every year, in one place the plant will take root, which means it will be stronger and healthier if it is not disturbed constant movements.

There are also disadvantages perennial cultivation and they are due to the weather characteristic of a particular region. Protection of a flower in winter, for the most part, occurs with the help of snow, and a season with little snow can kill pansies. Melting snow in the spring also puts the flower at risk, but if you properly secure it, you can not be afraid of these natural phenomena.

Annual pansies are wholly and completely under our control and totally under our control. We can prevent both freezing and oversaturation with moisture, protect against cold winter without snow, and other not ideal weather conditions, so gardeners often stop at this option. Annual or perennial pansies do not differ in planting and care techniques, so you can first plant a plant, and as it develops, navigate how you want to grow it. In any case, annual pansies can be re-planted outdoors after the end of winter. You can choose new seat, if the former did not seem too fertile to you, which is undoubtedly a plus in favor of annual pansies.

The annual planting method is also used if you are planning to propagate pansies but do not want them to grow in the area where you are planting them. For example, you need to improve the terrace or you propagate them for sale. You can wait until the plant has faded and safely remove it from the soil substrate, shifting it to a secluded place or transfer it to home, greenhouse conditions, where the pansies will heal new life. greenhouse cultivation also used in regions where soil and air temperatures drop very low in winter and all vegetation dies. If in winter we can warm the plant with hay or sawdust, then in the case of such an example, we will only lose our pansies, so the option with many years of enjoyment from flowering disappears immediately.

The last reasonable argument in favor of growing a flower for many years, in order to balance the information: every year, with the help of pruning, you can achieve more lush flowering pansies and rapid development in breadth, so if you want to get beautiful garden, which affectionately meets your eyes every morning, think about this option.

Viola was bred by crossing yellow, tricolor and Altai violets. To date, more than 400 species of this plant, popular among gardeners, are known. Plants can be annuals or perennials and can be grown in a pot on a windowsill or in open field, depending on the variety. Viola is used in landscape design to decorate rockeries, rock gardens and other types of garden design.

Plant features

Most often, the viola is called pansies or garden violets. The description of pansies can only be compared with a fabulous flower. Their beauty is unique. There are flowers one-color, two-color, there are spotted varieties. An amazing feature of the plant is that it is impossible to find identical petals, even on the same bush, they simply do not exist. Therefore, each pansy flower can be considered unique.

That is why all viola breeders start by breeding one or two varieties, as a result, breeding these delicate delicate flowers becomes a hobby for most gardeners. A mix of different varieties of garden violets creates a special flavor, which conquers with its beauty, grace and tenderness.

The plant is herbaceous, but there are varieties in the form of small shrubs. These wonderful flowers are used in almost all design ideas. They are unpretentious in care and undemanding, even a schoolboy can cope with their cultivation.

Characteristics of some varieties

Some varieties of viola are especially popular with gardeners and designers. Due to their unpretentiousness and special beauty, they have become favorites in growing:

All varieties of viola are unique. But it should be remembered that only with proper and very simple care, the plant will look really impressive.

Landing methods

There are many ways to propagate viola. The plant is propagated by seeds and cuttings. These are the easiest and cheapest ways.

Sowing seeds

Seeds can be planted on seedlings or in open ground, in any case, they have good germination. From a small handful of seeds, you can grow a sufficient amount of planting material. There is nothing difficult in planting seeds, but you can save a lot on this method. Buying seedlings will be much more expensive.

In order for the seeds to have good germination and sprouts to appear faster, it is necessary to soak them in a solution of water and Zircon for a day. Seeds can be planted in the ground in three ways, regardless of the variety.

Methods for planting seeds in open ground:

1. Sowing in autumn.
2. In the spring for seedlings.
3. Sowing in summer.

Each method is effective in its own way. In order to decide on the choice of sowing method, it is necessary to decide exactly when the viola is planned to bloom.

If you plant seeds in the fall, full flowering can be expected the next year in April. Seeds are planted in the soil at the end of August and all of September. The plant has time to take root well before the first snow. Flowering time is from April to the first frost.

Seeds planned to be sown in the spring should be planted in February or March. The seedlings obtained in this way are planted in open ground in the summer and should bloom in June of this year. To obtain good, strong seedlings, it is necessary to equip additional lighting for it.

Summer sowing of seeds should begin at the end of May. Flowers planted in summer time, will bloom in August or September. The culture will continue to bloom until the first snow. Flowers will bloom next year in early spring.

For seeds, it is necessary to prepare beards with a depth of about 0.6 cm. You need to sow the seeds one at a time with an interval of 1-2 cm. Then sprinkle with earth and pour warm water, you can spray it well with a spray bottle. If the seeds are sown in pots, they must be covered with glass or a plastic bag. This is done in order to create planting material favorable microclimate for germination.

Illumination at this time does not play a role. But the pots must be placed in a room with an air temperature of at least 22 degrees. The film or glass should be opened every day for 10 minutes to ventilate and prevent mold.

You can sow the seeds surface and sprinkle with earth. The rest of the procedure is the same as for furrow sowing. Viola - unpretentious flowers, so any of the ways they are perfect.

Growing seedlings

Seed germination depends on the violet variety. Usually the first sprouts can be observed 5-10 days after sowing. Shoots may appear later if old seeds are planted, the material was covered with a thick layer of soil, or the soil for planting is dense and heavy.

In spring, the sun does not pose a danger to plants, so the seedlings are exposed to a sunny place. In this case, the film should not be removed immediately. The sprouts should get stronger. To gradually get used to the seedlings, it is necessary to increase the airing time every day.

When the seedlings are strong enough and the first true leaves appear on the sprouts, you need to start hardening it. To do this, the sprouts are taken out to the balcony with a temperature of 10-15 degrees. Seedlings need to ensure proper regular watering. Upper layer The soil should not dry out, but the plant should not be flooded either. After 3 leaves appear on the seedlings, it should be transplanted into separate containers. Seedlings are planted in open ground in late May - early June. On the balcony can be planted in March.

Planting cuttings

Cuttings can be carried out at any time. It is best if the process takes place from the end of May or early June. To do this, you need to pick up the best shoots, namely their tops, on which there are 2-3 knots. Cuttings can be immediately planted in open ground. When planted in this way, flowering will begin this summer.

violet care

In order for the violet to please with its flowering all season, it is important to find it right place where she will feel comfortable. The place should be chosen for the flower sunny but out of direct sunlight. it the best option. You can plant a plant under small trees, but then the crown of the tree should not be too dense. If this is a balcony, you need to give preference to the east or west side.

Soil plays an important role in planting. Viola prefers fertile, moist and well-drained soil. The soil of the violet should always be moist, weed-free and loose. It is also necessary to provide the plant with regular watering. In addition, in order for the violet to fully bloom all season, obsolete flowers should be constantly removed. So its flowering will be more abundant and longer.

Do not forget about feeding. Viola needs mineral fertilizers. Seedlings need to be fertilized 1 time in 10 days. mature plant needs top dressing once a month.

Collection and storage of seeds

Viola seeds appear in pods on peduncles after flowering. When they mature, they acquire Brown color, sizes are very small. The main thing when collecting is not to miss the time when it is time to collect the boxes. Otherwise, they open, the seeds spill onto the ground, and next year new plants will appear in this place, which will grow in a chaotic manner.

The boxes must be collected at the time when they are pulled up. It is best to cut them with scissors or a sharp knife, after which their seeds must be removed and placed on a cotton cloth so that they dry well. Dried seed is placed in a cellar or refrigerator until the next planting season.

If you follow all these rules, then the garden or balcony will always be decorated with cute pansies. Varieties with new qualities appear regularly, so the flower garden can be constantly enlarged.

viola flowers

Small annual flower- tricolor violet - with the help of breeders, over time it turned into one of the favorite representatives of landscape design - viola or pansies.

Features of the structure and varieties of garden pansies

Viola is an annual or biennial herbaceous plant belonging to the violet family. Usually their height is from 10 to 40 cm. root system- rod, its color is brownish. Viola stems are erect branched or simple. The leaves are alternate with pinnatipartite stipules. Flowers - with two bracts, solitary, on long stalks, five-membered. The fruit is a box, which cracks during ripening, opening into three wings.

Garden violet pansy was bred by breeders from violet tricolor. Modern classification divides these flowers into 3 groups.

1st group- winter varieties of viola. These varieties bloom first, with a diameter of 5–7 cm. New varieties of this group have a diameter of up to 9 cm.

Hemalis: Nordpol - white; Helios - yellow; Padparadscha - orange

2nd group- these are more large-flowered varieties (diameter up to 10 cm). They bloom later than the previous two weeks.

Quedlinburger Riesen

Trimardo

Red wine

Dynamite Pink

3rd group. This group includes recent achievements in viola breeding. These are gigantic Swiss, orchid-colored varieties. Varieties with wavy edges look original, which gives the impression of a double flower. Increasingly, ampel varieties of pansies appear on sale.

Rococo Magnum

Yellow Blotch

To get a guaranteed abundant flowering it is better to use varieties of the first and second groups. Some varieties of the third group have yet to adapt to the habitat in order to maintain their characteristics.

planting flowers

Before planting strong seedlings, it is necessary to prepare the soil. Viola, with her unpretentiousness, still does not like dense soil and is sensitive to top dressing. Therefore, it is advisable to add a little ash (about 1/5 part to 1 part of the earth) or crushed coal, as well as rotted manure (approx. 1/5 part) to the loose earth. If there is decomposed compost, you can add that too. The ideal mixture for violets is prepared from earth (2 parts), rotted manure (2 parts), peat (2 parts) and sand (1 part).

All this must be thoroughly mixed, the surface should be leveled. If the lawn involves a strict design by variety, marking is carried out according to the design drawing using a peg and a rope. After that, you can start planting seedlings.

A small hole is made in the ground, taking into account the convenient location of the roots of the plant, a viola bush is placed in the middle, the roots are carefully covered with earth. The ground around the young plant should be slightly compacted for stability and be sure to water.

reproduction

Reproduction by seeds in a warm room

If you want to get blooming carpet from pansies already in the spring, it is necessary to sow the seeds in late February or early March (center of Russia). To obtain stronger seedlings, you can soak them in a solution of zircon or epin before planting the seeds. These are biostimulants of growth and resistance negative impact external environment including pests.

The size of the seedling container (ditch-grower or low pot) is selected in accordance with the number of seeds. Filling the planter with soil must be done with compaction at the corners and the base of the vessel, not reaching the upper edge of 5–10 mm. The composition of the soil for seedlings can be taken in the proportions indicated above or bought ready mix for violets. In this case, the soil must be moistened before planting.

Viola seeds are quite small, so they are sown randomly. Next, the sown seeds are slightly pressed into the surface of the soil. From above it is necessary to pour a thin layer of crushed soil mixture(5 mm) and carefully water without exposing the seeds. In order not to forget about the planted viola varieties, you can attach a label to the container.

Before the appearance of the first sprouts, the temperature in the room should be approximately +20 ° C. After germination of seedlings, the air temperature should already be lower (+13 ... +17 ° С). Before picking seedlings, fertilizing is carried out with fertilizers containing potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus.

When 2 leaves appear on the sprouts, you can pick. For viola seedlings, cassettes are selected with a diameter of less than 70 mm. The air temperature for sprouts at this stage should be reduced to +12 °C. Planting ready seedlings is best done when the outside temperature does not fall below +10 ° C and the soil warms up enough so that the plant does not experience stress and takes root well.

Reproduction by seeds in open ground

Sowing viola seeds in open ground is carried out in July (central Russia). To do this, you can use your seeds of pansies growing on the site. Collect only whitened boxes. They will be placed in a shallow container and covered loosely (for air access) with a lid, since when the boxes are opened, the seeds scatter.

The soil is prepared in the same way as described above when planting. Seeds are best planted in shallow (approx. 5 mm) furrows. You need to try not to sow too thickly for better development seedlings. From above, the seeds are covered with a thin layer of crushed soil mixture and be sure to water.

After a week, the first sprouts will begin to appear. Seedlings are planted in a permanent place in autumn or spring. It depends on the readiness of the lawn. Viola bushes grown in the open field are much stronger, bloom faster and are distinguished by abundant flowering.

Reproduction of pansies by cuttings

Viola is propagated by cuttings in early summer. Already developed strong plants are suitable for this method. Shoots with 2-3 nodes are cut off and planted in a darkened area. When planting, cuttings are placed close to each other to a depth of 5 mm. The earth should be moistened, and the plants should be sprayed immediately after planting. Next, such seedlings are covered with wet paper, which is periodically sprayed with water.

This type of reproduction of pansies involves daily spraying and periodic fertilizer (1 time in 10 days). A month later, you can see the result, the cuttings have their own root system.

plant care

Viola loves slightly acidic, breathable and rich minerals soil. In addition, she is photophilous and does not tolerate the neighborhood of weeds. From this follows the care of her.

Periodic weeding, fertilizing with mineral fertilizers, loosening and watering will create all the conditions for its abundant flowering all season until late autumn. Around an adult plant, natural sowing of seeds occurs during the summer. Over time, they grow and can give new seedlings. To protect them from winter frosts, it is necessary to cover the viola bushes with spruce branches or fallen leaves. Then without much difficulty for the new season we will get strong seedlings.

At the end of summer, the viola flowers begin to shrink, the stems stretch, and the pansy bushes lose their attractive appearance. Therefore, long stems can be cut. Soon new leaves will grow on the bush and the viola, having renewed itself, will again delight us with large flowers. So we will also give access to light to the shoots of natural sowing that have appeared.

Diseases and pests

Compliance with the basic rules of agricultural technology will protect plants from exposure to pests and diseases. But still, pansies are sometimes affected by fungal diseases: ascochitosis, powdery mildew, septoria, cucumber mosaic, root and stem rot, etc. One of the preventions of pansy diseases is the periodic change of planting site.

Of the insect pests for viola are: spider mite, scoops, leaf gall midge, aphids, slugs, snails, etc. Large pests can be removed from the plant. Periodic spraying with soapy water will repel many pests.

Now formulated to control plant diseases and pests a large number of drugs that are constantly updated. With their help, you can carry out both prevention and protection of plants from all kinds of lesions.

Medicinal properties of viola

Traditional medicine recommends using the ground part of the viola for medicinal fees. It is used as an expectorant, diuretic, used for skin diseases. An infusion of herbs is brewed at the rate of 5 g of dry raw materials per glass of water. It is recommended to take 1/2 glass of water 3 times a day. Viola is also added to expectorant and diuretic preparations.

Pansies go well with other undersized flowers. They look beautiful in border stripes, garden flowerpots, on Alpine rollercoaster, in balcony boxes and flower beds.

A variety of colors gives a huge field for creativity in landscape design.

Where landscape designers use these garden flowers? Viola is great for framing borders and borders, tamping bushes of small height. Undersized varieties look very organic in rock gardens and rockeries. Mixes of violas give the landscape a unique flavor, create bright accent. Today it is difficult to imagine a garden without this beautiful plant.

Viola is also a great container plant. It will perfectly decorate the terrace or balcony.

What is the name of the flower

Very often there is confusion with the name of this plant. Some call it violet, others call it viola, and still others call it pansies.

Violet is a genus of plants from the violet family (Violaceae). Viola (Viola) - Latin name violets. Perennial pansies (or tricolor violet) - a plant species from the genus violets.

Viola (or violet) - more often one-, two- or perennial herbaceous plant, less often a shrub. Plant height 15-30 cm.

A bit of history

Viola, whose flowers are among the oldest garden plants, has been known to botanists since the 16th century. Also in ancient greece and Rome, people decorated their premises during the holidays. But it began to be cultivated only after two centuries. F. Miller, the famous English florist, was the first to do this.

In Russia, violet appeared in late XVIII century, thanks to the famous botanist P. S. Pallas, who studied the flora of Altai. It was he who brought the violet, which is now called Altai, to St. Petersburg.

AT early XIX century in Europe, well-known pansies appeared - Wittrock's hybrid violets. They combined the beauty of three types of violets: Altai, yellow and tricolor.

Planting seeds

How is viola grown? Flowers, growing from seeds of which is the easiest and cheapest way, can also be planted by sowing in open ground or cuttings.

Growing from seeds - this way you can grow enough plants for a garden or balcony. In addition, it is beneficial - seeds are much cheaper than ready-made seedlings. To improve germination, viola seeds should be soaked in a solution for a day before planting. special preparations(for example, zircon).

Any variety of perennial and biennial violas can be grown according to one of 3 schemes:

• Sowing seeds in open ground in autumn - flowering next year. In August-September, seeds are sown in the ground. Before snow, the plants have time to sprout and develop powerful roots. Viola, planting and caring for which is very simple, blooms the next year after sowing. Flowering lasts from April until frost.
• Sowing seeds in early spring for seedlings - flowering in the year of planting. It is believed that with this method, the viola begins to bloom in the second year. In fact, flowering can begin as early as the first summer after planting. To do this, seeds should be sown in an earlier period - from late February to early March. It is advisable to use additional light. The resulting seedlings bloom in May-June. If you create suitable conditions for the viola (she does not like direct sun and heat), then she will bloom all summer, and will bloom again next spring. Seedlings grown in spring are then planted in open soil or on a balcony.
• Sowing seeds in summer. From late May to early June, seeds can be sown directly into the ground. Viola begins to bloom in August-September. Snow covers the plants already with flowers. Violas bloom again in early spring.

seed germination

The period of seed germination depends on the variety. Usually sprouts appear on the fifth or tenth day. Reasons for delayed germination:

• old seeds;
• a thick layer of soil over the seeds;
• heavy and dense soil, which is sprinkled with seeds.

The emerging shoots are exposed to light. And even straight Sun rays spring are not dangerous for plants.

Sowing and growing seedlings

Any suitable containers are selected for sowing: special cassettes for seedlings, small flower pots, food containers, etc. It is very important to choose suitable soil- it should be loose. You can buy special soil for violets or cook it yourself.

Fill the containers with soil and start sowing. It can be produced in different ways:

• The seeds are buried in the ground. Deepenings (up to 0.6 cm) are formed in the soil 1 cm apart. The seeds are laid out in the resulting grooves after 1-2 cm. Sprinkle the seeds with earth. Landings are shed or sprayed with water. To create a humid microclimate in seedlings, they are covered with a film or glass. To prevent mold from appearing, the film is slightly opened twice a day for about 10 minutes. They put a "greenhouse" with seeds in a warm place (20-25 ° C). Illumination does not play a role.
• Seeds in the ground are sown superficially. The soil is abundantly shed or sprayed with water, preferably warm (30-35 ° C). The seeds are laid out in recesses after 1-2 cm. The container with the seeds is covered with a film or glass. The soil is regularly ventilated. Place a container with seeds in a warm place and cover with some material (for example, a sheet of cardboard) on top.
• The seeds are lightly sprinkled. First, the seeds are sown superficially (as in the second variant). Then lightly sprinkle (1-2 mm) earth or sand on top. Spill or spray plantings with warm water. The containers are covered with a film or glass, regularly ventilated. Put the seedling container in a warm place. Illumination doesn't matter.

Proper care of viola seedlings

After the emergence of seedlings, it is not recommended to immediately remove the film from the container - you need to let the seedlings get stronger. It is best to gradually increase the ventilation time during the week.

Viola seedlings are quite resistant to temperatures of 5-10 ° C, therefore, before the appearance of real leaves of the container (already without a film), they can be taken out to the balcony for hardening.

Seedlings need proper and regular watering. The topsoil should never be dry, but seedlings do not need to be flooded either.

When the sprouts have 1-2 true leaves, they dive into separate containers. Usually, by this time, the central stem of the sprouts is strongly extended to the cotyledons. When picking, the sprouts can be deepened into the ground up to the cotyledons - they will be more stable, with powerful roots.

In order for the seedlings to bush better, at the stage of two or three pairs of true leaves, sprouts are pinched.

When warm weather sets in and the threat of frost passes, they begin to plant seedlings in a permanent place - on a balcony (March) or in open ground (May-June).

When planting seedlings in the ground, an interval of 10-15 cm is maintained. If seedlings are planted in boxes or pots, then the following ratio is observed: 1-2 liters of soil per plant.

Viola: planting and care in the open field

Many consider growing seedlings a rather troublesome business, so they prefer to sow seeds immediately in open ground. When sown in late May - early June, the viola will begin to bloom in August-September. If you sow the viola in August, flowering will begin in early spring the next year.

When sowing, seeds are laid out in small depressions (up to 0.6 mm), observing an interval of 10-15 cm. After that, the soil is shed abundantly and waiting for seedlings to appear.

Pinching is done at the stage of two or three true leaves. AT further care for plants is regular and sufficient watering, top dressing.

When planting seedlings or sowing seeds great importance has a choice of location. Violas grow and bloom best in bright sunny places, but with shading from the bright midday sun. In the garden, this can be a place under trees with a not very dense crown, and on a balcony - the western or eastern side.

The type of soil is equally important. Viola, for which planting and care in the open field are discussed above, prefers well-moistened, drained and fertile soils.

Reproduction by cuttings

Cuttings can be carried out in different time. With early cuttings in the period from May to July, the tops of green shoots are taken, on which there are 2-3 nodes. Most cuttings root in 3-4 weeks. Plants from such cuttings begin to bloom in summer or early autumn. If cuttings were made later than July, then the viola begins to bloom in the spring of next year.

This method is more suitable for greenhouses, not gardens. It is usually used to propagate elite varieties.

Care

In order for the viola, the planting and care of which the schoolboy will master, to grow normally and bloom profusely, the soil must be constantly moist and loose. Therefore, regular watering and loosening the soil is so important. Removing wilted flowers promotes long flowering.

Viola requires regular fertilizing with mineral fertilizers with an NPK complex. Seedlings are fertilized every 10 days, and adult plants - once a month.

Harmful weeds should be removed regularly. For the winter, plants are covered with spruce branches, fallen leaves or straw.

Viola types

There are currently about 500 species of viola. A flower, the varieties of which are so diverse, strikes the imagination of even connoisseurs.

There are several types that are considered the most popular among gardeners:

• Viola tricolor (V. tricolor). Biennial or annual plant. Height 10-20 cm. In the open field, this viola blooms from May to September, and it looks most decorative in the second year of flowering.
• Viola Wittroka (V. wittrokiana). It is usually considered a biennial or annual, but it can also be grown as a perennial when divided annually. Height 15-30 cm. This is a highly branched plant. large flowers have a diameter of 4-10 cm. Flowers of a wide variety of colors, while it can be monophonic or spotted. Depending on the time of sowing seeds and planting seedlings in the ground, viola can bloom in summer or autumn. Varieties of Viola Wittrock in a row common features conditionally divided into several groups: “trimardo”, “hemalis-winter”, “schweitzer riesen”, “Swiss large-flowered”, etc. For example, varieties from the “pirnaer” group are distinguished by early flowering.
• Viola Altai (V. altaica). Ornamental perennial plant. Height up to 20 cm. Frost-resistant. It can bloom twice a season: from mid-spring to mid-summer and from August to the first frost.
• yellow viola (V. lutea). The most unpretentious of all violets. Height 8-15 cm. Viola got its name for the bright lemon-yellow color of the flowers. Blooms from May to July.
• Fragrant Viola (V. odorata). Herbaceous perennial plant with small flowers(diameter about 2 cm). From the second half of summer, the viola grows a large number of easily rooted shoots that form a dense cover on the soil. The flowers are dark blue in color and have a pleasant, delicate fragrance. Fragrant Viola can bloom for a whole month.

With its incredible beauty and variety of shapes and colors, viola, the planting and care of which are discussed above, inspires the creativity of breeders, landscape designers, flower growers, artists.