Proverbs and sayings about May HORIZONTALLY: 2. May will deceive - in ... will leave.4 ....
The delay in the development of speech can be caused by a variety of reasons. Some of them lie in the biological area of a child's life. Violations in the development of the hearing aid, late development of speech skills due to hereditary traits, frequent illnesses of the baby. Other reasons are hidden in the social plane, when parents pay little attention to the child, a negative atmosphere reigns in the family, the baby grows up in an atmosphere of misunderstanding and neglect of parental responsibilities.
Lack of parental attention may be one of the reasons for delayed speech development
Why can a child not speak at 2-3 years old?
It is necessary to look for the reason for the silence of a 2-3-year-old baby not only in anatomical pathologies, but also the manner of communication between parents and a child means a lot. Some mothers surround their little peanuts with excessive guardianship, which leads to lack of demand for speech. It is necessary for the baby to wish something, the mother grants the wish. Actively using gestures and facial expressions in communication with babies 1-3 years old, you involuntarily slow down the development of their speech.
It is a mistake to think that being in an environment abounding in information media (TV, radio), a child will quickly learn to talk. The chaotic speech flow forms a "noise curtain" that the child does not perceive.
Moreover, when trying to speak, the baby says long, meaningless phrases, imitating what he heard from the TV or radio. Parents should learn to talk to their child, and not talk in front of him or entertain him with cartoons.
It is difficult to develop speech skills where parents justify the lack of communication with a lack of time or simply do not want to talk much with the baby. Relying on speech therapists and kindergarten teachers is a mistake, because children get their first speech skills in the family. In addition, the development of fine motor skills and articulation is important for kids. Regular exercises (self-massage of hands, finger gymnastics, didactic games) help improve speech.
Cartoons so beloved by kids can actually slow down speech development. 
This article talks about typical ways to solve your questions, but each case is unique! If you want to know from me how to solve exactly your problem - ask your question. It's fast and free!
Seven simple and wise tips from speech therapists will help adults properly build their communication with a child so that his speech develops quickly. Let's take a look at each of them:
- Support and encourage the activity of the child, openly express joy when the baby tries to pronounce sounds and syllables.
- Help your treasure, buy didactic games. Puzzles, split pictures, picture blocks, insert games will help develop fine motor skills.
- Come up with finger games for the crumbs. The fingertips are replete with nerve endings that affect the stimulation of the motor area of the brain. Long ago invented simple game in which each finger is given the names of family members. Finger the baby's fingers and come up with different stories so that all fingers are included in the story.
- Be sure to read books with your child, tell him stories, learn poems by heart, sing songs. Take the works of famous children's writers (Mikhalkov, Barto, Bianchi, Marshak, Chukovsky) as your assistants.
- Everything that you see with your child, discuss in detail. Where the car is going, why the bird is singing merrily outside the window, what kind of job dad has, what the kids are playing in the yard - any event or action should be accompanied by detailed verbal explanations.
- Tell your child about domestic and wild animals, teach him the "language" of animals and birds. Cows say "moo-moo", a sparrow chirps - "chirp chirp".
- Memorize funny children's poems with your child about the "Thieving Magpie", a clubfoot bear, about Tanya and her ball. Call grandmothers for help, they usually know a lot of such rhymes.
The more mother communicates with the child (reads books, learns poems, talks), the faster he will learn to speak well Basics for developing speech at home
Homemade basic exercises will help you develop speech in your child (more in the article:). The simplest of them is “tell mom”. The exercise is used in communication with small children, under the age of one, who are just learning to reproduce sounds. For older children, more complex techniques should be used that stimulate the child's meaningful understanding of speech, its meaning, and the conscious pronunciation of words.
Joint cognition of objects
Having crossed the one-year milestone, children begin to actively get acquainted with the world around them. The interest of kids extends to all objects in the house. Come to the rescue of your treasure, describe his every movement aloud, simple sentences. Talk about each subject that interests him. If the son took a spoon, tell him what he is holding, what it is for, what the object is called, do not be lazy to repeat your explanation several times so that the baby remembers.
Viewing and studying pictures
For this exercise, stock up on a variety of children's picture books. Publishing houses offer excellent illustrated books of various headings. For example, the section "Who am I?", which tells about animals.
Picture books or flashcards help build a child's vocabulary Looking at the pictures, point the baby to the image of the dog, ask him how she “talks”, say “woof-woof”. Learning animals and their "language" will make it easier for you to teach your baby to pronounce individual sounds. Pay more attention to those animals that you meet with him on the street, clearly showing and talking about them. A little time will pass, and when a child sees a dog or a cat on the street, the child will suddenly say “meow” or “woof”.
sound education
Indicate actions that the baby can understand with simple sounds. The child claps his hands - say "clap-clap", the baby fell - do not rush to pick him up and groan, say "bang, bang, boom." The game amuses young children, they accept it, they may even fall on purpose to hear “boom or bang” again. In addition, you help the child learn that each movement can be voiced.
How to encourage a child to speak?
When studying sounds with your child, ask him to repeat what you say. For example, you say "woof-woof", have the baby repeat after you. If he can’t reproduce the sounds accurately, don’t worry, repeat with him what he did. Your main task in this speech therapy exercise is to encourage the child to pronounce sounds. Be sure to reward the baby for any sounds, even if they are not similar to those that you offered him.
Any attempts by the child to talk must be encouraged. Learn to imitate adult speech
lining up speech therapy classes for children 2-3 years old, follow the main rule of communication with the baby: never distort words.
A child is a great imitator, he imitates cartoon characters and mom and dad. If you talk to him, distorting the words, he will perceive such sounds as correct and begin to repeat them. Try to pronounce words clearly, only occasionally using diminutive or inverted forms.
The next stage is sound pronunciation. If you want to teach your child simple sounds, dress the lessons with him in a playful way. Use the following exercises:
- Pipe. Musical instruments always arouse curiosity and interest in children, they help non-speaking children learn sounds more easily. You can buy a toy in a store or imitate playing an instrument with your fingers. Show your baby how the flute sounds by saying "doo-doo-doo", then ask him to repeat the sounds.
- Driving a car. Favorite game of all children. Sit your son or daughter on your lap, start the engine, and let's go. Turn the steering wheel, honk, saying "beep". Kids really like this trip, they play it with pleasure and quickly learn to “beep”.
- Home zoo. Gather Stuffed Toys or animal magnets in one place and arrange a tour of the home zoo, inviting the child to pronounce the sounds that this or that animal makes with you. They will help to master the sounds and cartoons about animals.
Imitating the voices of various animals is a great exercise for a child How to develop phonemic awareness?
Development phonemic hearing necessary for the correct recognition of phonemes by children mother tongue. Phonemes are words with the same sound base - for example, "boar-bank" or "sleep-nose". The ability to recognize phonemes is given to a person from birth, but one cannot do without competent systematization. Speech therapy offers a lot fun games aimed at developing this ability. Let's take a closer look at some:
- Get to know the tool. Ideal for practicing phonemic awareness musical instruments. If you have a drum, pipe, guitar, tambourine in your house - great. Take all the tools and hide behind the door or in another room. Play each of them in turn, inviting the baby to determine by ear which instrument sounded.
- Who is speaking? Prepare pictures of different animals for the exercise. Show the picture to the child and ask him to say the sound that is characteristic of the animal you have chosen.
- Repeat after me. We teach the baby rhythm. Tap a simple rhythm and invite the child to repeat it. Gradually complicate the exercise by asking a more complex combination of sounds. If the baby successfully copes with the task, ask him to tap his composition, and you repeat after him.
Teaching a child rhythm and developing his hearing is a big step towards correct speech. Wait quick results from crumbs in a year or two is not worth it, but regular lessons will definitely bring a positive effect. Time will pass and your little student will learn to master sounds and speech. Games will help develop abstract thinking and memory in a child, awaken the ability to perceive phonemic hearing, and improve speech skills. Speech therapists often give similar advice to parents, pointing out their simplicity and accessibility.
How does fine motor skills affect speech development?
Fine motor skills have a significant impact on the formation of speech. The principle is that when performing exercises on fine motor skills, an impulse enters the brain, the work of the brain begins. At home, you can offer your baby games with ordinary objects. We offer the following home games:
- Find what's at the bottom. Take two bowls, pour beans into one, buckwheat into the other. Put a small surprise under the cereal, invite the baby to rummage through the cereal with both hands to get a gift (we recommend reading:).
- Find identical bags. Prepare 9 cloth bags, put the same material in every three: cotton wool, paper, cereals. Ask the child to identify three bags with the same contents by feeling.
- Cheerful hedgehog. We take thick paper or cardboard, cut out a hedgehog figure from it, fasten clothespins along the edge, which imitate our needles. We invite the child to remove the clothespins and fasten again.
- A lot - a little. The game is aimed at learning the quantity. We lay out the toys into two piles, small and large. We explain to the child what means a lot and a little.
- Coloring pages. Buy coloring books, plasticine, pencils, drawing paper. Let the kid draw often and as much as he wants, encourage his creativity, praise him. At the same time, study colors, sizes, shapes with him.
The benefits of articulatory gymnastics
Speech gymnastics is a kind of speech therapy training that allows you to correctly master the pronunciation of the words of your native language. Knowing speech, it is easier for children to express their desires and thoughts. The task of adults is to teach the baby to pronounce words correctly and clearly. Naturally, at 2-3 years old it is difficult to accurately determine the speech problem, however, articulatory speech therapy gymnastics plays the role of prevention here.
If we turn to the laws of speech therapy, we will find in them wise and useful advice for parents. Use the following rules for speech gymnastics with children:
- Do exercises regularly to develop and consolidate the acquired skills.
- Be afraid to get carried away and turn the baby away from classes. Suggest 2-3 exercises for training.
- Duration of one lesson from 2-4 summer babies should not exceed 10-15 minutes.
- It is useful to consolidate the completed exercises during the day. Just ask your child to repeat what they have learned to make sure they remember it.
- Be sure to dress your articulation gymnastics in a game form (we recommend reading:). It is easier for kids to focus on an exciting game than on a boring lesson.
Articulation gymnastics should not tire the child or turn into a serious occupation for him. How to do articulation exercises?
To train speech, special exercises have been developed that a child can master with the help of adults. Use videos to practice skills. Conduct articulation training like this.
The richer and more correct the child's speech, the easier it is for him to express his thoughts, the wider his ability to know reality, the more complete future relationships with children and adults, his behavior, and, consequently, his personality as a whole. Conversely, a child's unclear speech will greatly complicate his relationships with people and often leaves a heavy imprint on his character.
At the age of 5, children with speech impediments feel them painfully, become shy, withdrawn, and some even irritable. In such children, one can observe the manifestation of aggression towards peers, and sometimes towards adults.
Our task is to educate a full-fledged personality. To do this, it is necessary to create conditions for free communication of the child with the team. To do everything to ensure that children master their native language as early as possible, speak correctly and beautifully.
In the family, the child is understood perfectly, and he does not experience any particular inconvenience if his speech is imperfect. The circle of connections of the child with the outside world is gradually expanding, and it is very important that both peers and adults understand it. Therefore, the sooner you teach your child to speak correctly, the freer he will feel in a team.
The question of the purity of speech acquires special significance with the arrival of the child in school. In school, speech impediments can cause student failure. From the first day of being at school, the child has to make extensive use of speech: answer in the presence of the whole class, ask questions, read aloud, and the shortcomings of speech are detected immediately.
Of particular importance is the correct pure pronunciation of sounds and words during the period of teaching a child to read and write, since written speech is formed on the basis of oral speech.
A close relationship has been established between the purity of the sound of children's speech and spelling literacy. Younger students write mostly the way they speak. Among the underachieving primary school students, there is a large percentage of children who are tongue-tied.
What should be paid attention to in the organization of homework? How to help a child?
Deficiencies in pronunciation can be the result of violations in the structure of the articulation apparatus: deviations in the development of teeth, incorrect positioning of the upper teeth in relation to the lower ones, etc. To prevent speech defects, it is very important to monitor the condition and development of the dental system, seek advice from a dentist in time, eliminate defects, treat teeth.
Particular attention should be paid to hearing. Hearing plays an important role in the child's mastery of speech, in the correct and timely assimilation of sounds. Hearing speech, individual words, sounds, the child begins to pronounce them himself. Even with a slight decrease in hearing, he loses the ability to perceive speech normally. Therefore, it is very important for parents to pay attention to the development of the baby's hearing. It is necessary to protect the child's hearing from constant strong sound effects (radio, TV turned on at full volume), and in case of diseases of the hearing organs, treat them in a timely manner, and not with home remedies, but in medical institutions.
Adults should help the child master the correct pronunciation, but speech development should not be forced. It is harmful to load the baby with complex speech material, force him to repeat words he does not understand, memorize poems that are complex in form, content and volume, learn correctly, pronounce sounds that, due to the unpreparedness of the articulatory apparatus, are not yet available to him (for example, at 2-3 years old, learn correctly, pronounce hissing sound r), read works of art intended for school-age children.
The child learns speech by imitation. Therefore, it is very important that you adults watch your pronunciation, speak slowly, clearly pronounce all sounds and words.
Often the reason is not correct pronunciation sounds is the child's imitation of the defective speech of adults, older brothers, sisters, comrades, with whom the baby often communicates.
Parents should also pay attention to the fact that in communicating with a child, especially in early and younger preschool age, you can’t “fake” a child’s speech, pronounce words distortedly, use truncated words or onomatopoeia instead of generally accepted words (“bibika”, “lyalya”, etc.), lisp. This will only slow down the assimilation of sounds, delay the timely mastery of the dictionary. The frequent use of words with diminutive or affectionate suffixes, as well as words that are inaccessible to his understanding or complex in sound-syllabic terms, does not contribute to the development of the child's speech. If your child incorrectly pronounces any sounds, words, phrases, you should not mimic him, laugh or, conversely, praise him. It is also impossible to demand the correct pronunciation of sounds during that period of the baby's life when this process is not completed.
Some shortcomings in the speech of children can be eliminated only with the help of specialists, speech therapists. But a number of shortcomings are easy to eliminate, and accessible to parents. In the family, they usually correct the child when he pronounces this or that sound or word incorrectly, but they do this not always correctly. Correction of speech errors must be approached very carefully. You can not scold the child for his bad speech and demand that he immediately and correctly repeat a difficult word for him. Often this leads to the fact that the child refuses to speak at all, closes in on himself. You need to correct mistakes in a tactful, friendly tone. Do not repeat a child's mispronounced word. It is better to give an example of his pronunciation.
Studying with a child at home, reading a book to him, looking at illustrations, parents often offer him to answer questions about the content of the text, retell the content of the tale (story), answer what is shown in the picture. Children cope with these tasks, but allow speech errors. In this case, you should not interrupt the child, you should give him the opportunity to complete the statement, and then point out the mistakes, give a sample.
Very often children ask us different questions. Sometimes it is difficult to find the correct answer to them. But the questions of the child cannot be evaded. In this case, you can promise to give an answer when the child eats (takes a walk, completes some task, etc.), while the adult prepares for the story during this time. Then the baby will receive the correct information, see an interesting interlocutor in the face of an adult, and in the future will strive to communicate with him.
In the family, it is necessary to create such conditions for the child so that he feels satisfaction from communicating with adults, older brothers and sisters, receives from them not only new knowledge, but also enriches his vocabulary, learns to correctly build sentences, pronounce sounds and words correctly and clearly. interesting to tell.
Games and poems, exercises that you can use at home, serve to develop the correct pronunciation, help to reflect on the sound, semantic, grammatical content of the word, develop the small muscles of the fingers, which helps to prepare the child's hand for writing.
Exercises for the development of the articulatory apparatus
"Spatula". The mouth is open, a wide relaxation tongue lies on the lower lip.
One, two, three, four, five,
We go, we go for a walk
Take all spatulas
Let's go to the sandbox.
I have a spatula
Wide and smooth.
"Cup". The mouth is wide open. The anterior and lateral edges of the wide tongue are raised, but do not touch the teeth.
Do you like to drink tea?
Then don't yawn!
Open your mouth
Get the cup.
"Arrow". The mouth is open. Narrow tense tongue pushed forward.
open your mouth wide
And pull your tongue forward.
One, two, three, four, five -
We will execute the arrow.
Dynamic tongue exercises
"Horse". Stick your tongue to the sky, click your tongue. Click slowly and strongly, pull the hyoid ligament.
Tsok-tsok-tsok!
We all said
How the horses galloped.
Here the horses galloped
Tongue, click with us
Hey, where's the smile?
Teeth and sticky.
"Harmonic". The mouth is open. Stick your tongue to the sky. Without lifting the tongue from the palate, strongly pull down the lower jaw.
Antoshka has an accordion.
Let's play a little.
"Painter". The mouth is open. With a wide tip of the tongue, like a brush, we lead from the upper incisors to the soft palate.
We carefully paint: back and forth,
I smile, but the language does not understand
How will he paint the hard sky in time?
Let's paint the ceiling!
The house painter was in a hurry
And dragged the brush away.
"Delicious jam" The mouth is open. Lick the upper lip with a wide tongue and remove the tongue deep into the mouth.
Oh what a meal!
Very tasty jam!
Put your tongue wide
And lift up the edges.
Lick the upper lip
I love jam very much.
To everyone's surprise
Delicious jam.
Who loves jam
Makes a move -
Lick your lip
Show tongue.
Lip exercises
"Fence". The teeth are closed. Upper and lower teeth are exposed. Lips stretched into a smile.
Smile and you
Show me your strong teeth.
We will paint the boards
And let's put it like this.
Ducks walk behind the fence
And scream quack-quack!
We opened our mouth wider
Teeth showed
Lips stretched out
Drowned in a smile.
"Tube". Protrude lips forward barrel.
Chi-chi-chi like trumpeters
Let's all pull lips
Let's show the tubes.
"Proboscis". Pull closed lips forward.
Look, who is this? This is an elephant with a proboscis.
Exercises for finger gymnastics
"House". Fingers spread downwards rest on the table.
"Bunny". The index and middle fingers are separated, the ring and little fingers are half-bent and tilted towards the thumb.
The index and middle fingers are raised up - these are the ears; the remaining fingers are gathered into a fist - the torso.
Complexes of finger gymnastics (in games and exercises)
"We are building a house." The hands are clenched into fists, the thumb is raised up - this is a hammer. Throughout the poem, the hammer drives in the nails (movement from top to bottom thumb- first straight, then bent).
An adult reads poetry:
All day long here and there.
There is a loud knock.
Hammers are knocking
We are building a house for rabbits.
Hammers are knocking
We are building a house for squirrels.
This house is for squirrels
This house is for bunnies.
Chukomina N.V.
Educator AU DO " Kindergarten birch
Uvatsky municipal district "Tyumen region, with. Uvat.
Games for the development of conversational speech
The basis for such games is ordinary speech. The child gets a useful experience of free and grammatically correct colloquial speech. Games are useful for stimulating positive emotions if the child is fenced off, withdrawn, offended.
"Skillful rhymes". It is useful to refer to such a game when offended by a peer, brother or sister.
Make peace, make peace, make peace and don't fight anymore, and if you fight, you'll be left without a friend.
* Hey, hand, shake, shake, just don't fight anymore.
* Relax arm, relax and don't pinch anymore.
* Oh, the hand is stuck! I let go of my hand, I grab it by the torso. You call a good one, I release my hand.
Game rhymes that help to survive the feeling of resentment.
Away with resentment - you are forgotten anyway,
Run to the yard, climb over the fence,
Get on your horse, ride from me!
Development of the child's grammatical abilities
These games help develop grammatical abilities in children without cramming the letters of the alphabet, without dull reading of syllables from a book.
"Memorize Letters". Purpose: to help the child remember the letters of the alphabet, relying on auditory, visual, muscle memory.
* An adult circles the letter along the contour, naming it, and the child strokes the letter with a pencil or paints over it.
* The adult draws the contours of the intended letter in the air, the child tries to guess and name it. In a similar way, an adult draws a letter on the back of a child.
* The letter is molded from plasticine, constructed from matches, counting sticks, seeds.
* An adult with a child in turn name the similarity of a letter with objects from the outside world.
"Hide and seek with letters". Purpose: to train ingenuity, imagination, the ability to recognize familiar letters in graphic contours.
An uncomplicated pattern is drawn on a sheet of paper, on sand, on asphalt. It is necessary, having carefully looked at it, to see the outlines of letters in its lines and show them in a pattern along the contour in turn.
fairy tale games
At home, all family members can participate in such games.
"Guess the name of the story". All participants alternately throw the ball to each other and name the first word or syllable of the conceived fairy tale. The one who caught the ball guesses and pronounces the full name.
Sivka… Zayushkina… Skate… Ugly… Frost… Princess… Geese… Boy… Red… Tiny… Inch… Flower… Scarlet… Golden… Bremen… Doctor…
"What's extra?"
One of the players names several words that are found in the conceived fairy tale, and one does not apply to this fairy tale. Other players guess the tale and call superfluous word.
Fox, hare, hut, palace, dog, rooster (fairy tale "The Fox and the Hare").
Grandfather, grandmother, granddaughter, turnip, cucumber (tale "Turnip").
Mashenka, ducks, Vanyusha, Baba Yaga, geese - swans (fairy tale "Geese - swans").
Emelya, old man, pike, sons, swan, Marya - princess (fairy tale "At the command of a pike").
Old man, fish, old woman, washing machine, trough ("The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish").
"Fairytale nonsense". This game unites all participants, develops a sense of humor in both adults and children, gives a boost of joy, helps to defuse tension, switch from monotonous business.
A small fairy tale is taken as the content basis of the game, a game modification is invented. It is more interesting to play fairy tales in which actions are repeated repeatedly: "Turnip", "Teremok", "Fox and Hare". Roles are distributed between the participants, each character is assigned a duty phrase, which he pronounces every time in the course of the tale after the name of his character.
For example: the fairy tale "Turnip".
Sample set duty phrases for the characters of the fairy tale:
Turnip - "Wow!"
Grandfather - "I'll show you!"
Grandmother - "To you ..."
Granddaughter - "Cool."
Bug - "I'll sing now."
The cat is "Bubble Gum".
Mouse - "Come out, vile coward!".
Grandfather (...) planted a turnip (...). A turnip has grown (...) big - very big.
The grandfather (...) began to pull the turnip (...): he pulls - he pulls - he cannot pull it out.
The grandfather (...) called the grandmother (...). Grandmother (...) for grandfather (...), grandfather (...) for turnip (...) - they pull - they pull - they cannot pull it out.
The grandmother (...) called her granddaughter (...). Granddaughter (...) for grandmother (...), grandmother (...) for grandfather (...), grandfather (...) for turnip (...) - they pull - they pull - they cannot pull it out.
The granddaughter (...) called the bug (...). A bug (...) for a granddaughter (...), a granddaughter (...) for a grandmother (...), a grandmother (...) for a grandfather (...), a grandfather (...) for a turnip (...) - they pull, they pull, they cannot pull. The bug (...) called the cat (...). Cat(...) for Bug(...), Bug(...) for granddaughter(...), granddaughter(...) for grandmother(...), grandmother(...) for grandfather(...), grandfather(...) for turnip(...)- they pull, they pull, they can't pull.
The cat (...) clicked the mouse (...). Mouse(...) for the cat(...), cat(...) for the Bug(...), Bug(...) for the granddaughter(...), granddaughter(...) for the grandmother(...), grandmother(...) for the grandfather(...), grandfather (...) by the turnip (...) - pull - pull - pulled the turnip (...)!
Cheerful ABCs
This group of games helps children learn a lot of new words from the life, replenish vocabulary, knowledge about the language.
Ball game "Say the other way around".
Winter summer. Heat - cold. True False. The rich man is the poor man. Bitter - sweet. Useful - harmful ...
"Magic Wand Fairy Vocabulary"
The game requires a "magic" wand. One end of the wand reduces and the other increases.
An adult player calls a word, then touches one of the children with a stick. The child calls the given word either diminutive or augmentative, depending on the end of the stick that was touched to the child.
House - house - house. Bridge - bridge - bridge. Rain - rain - rain. Cat - cat - cat ...
Senior educator MADOU d / s No. 7 Ishim
Everyone knows what an important function in life human body performs breathing. In addition to its main physiological function - the implementation of gas exchange - respiration also provides such a function as speech breathing. Speech breathing (diaphragmatic) is the basis of sounding speech, the source of the formation of sounds, voices.
The mechanism of this type of breathing is inherent in us by nature from the very beginning. This is the oldest type of breathing inherent in all warm-blooded and 90% of the total need for breathing is carried out due to it.
The main muscle that powers this type of breathing is diaphragm. It separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities. When you inhale, the diaphragm relaxes and, descending, puts pressure on the abdominal organs, which in turn are pressed against the abdominal wall, causing it to bulge and round. On exhalation, the diaphragm contracts, compresses the lungs, and the abdominal wall retracts. Wherein top part the chest remains motionless. Outwardly, it looks like belly breathing.
When correcting speech disorders, it becomes necessary to specially organize and develop speech breathing, breathing exercises are of particular importance. Appropriate gymnastics is aimed at developing in children the skills of proper rational breathing, arbitrary control of the process of air flow movement.
Exercises for the formation of diaphragmatic exhalation
The child is in the supine position. The child's hand rests on the upper abdomen (diaphragmatic area). The child's attention is drawn to the fact that his stomach "breathes well." You can put a toy on your stomach to attract attention. This exercise lasts an average of 2-3 minutes. The exercise should be performed effortlessly to avoid hyperventilation and increased muscle tone.
Blow out the candle
Children hold strips of paper about 10 cm from their lips. Children are invited to slowly and quietly blow on the "candle" so that the flame of the "candle" is deflected. The speech therapist notes those children who blew on the “candle” the longest.
busted tire
Starting position: children spread their arms in front of them, depicting a circle - a “tire”. On exhalation, the children pronounce the sound “sh-sh-sh” slowly. At the same time, the hands are slowly crossed, so that right hand falls on the left shoulder and vice versa. Rib cage at the moment of exhalation it is easily compressed. Occupying the starting position, the children involuntarily take a breath.
Inflate a tire
Children are offered to pump up a “burst tire”. Children “squeeze” their hands into fists in front of their chest, taking an imaginary handle of the “pump”. A slow forward bend is accompanied by an exhalation to the sound “ssss”. When straightening, inhalation is made involuntarily.
Balloon
The exercise is similar to the exercise "Tire Burst", but during the exhalation, the children pronounce the sound "ffff".
beetle buzzing
Starting position: raise your arms to the sides and take them back a little, like wings. Exhaling, the children say “zhzhzh”, lowering their hands down. Occupying the starting position, the children involuntarily take a breath.
Crow
Starting position: raise your arms through the sides up. Slowly lowering their hands and crouching, the children pronounce “K-a-a-a-r” drawlingly. The speech therapist praises those "crows" that slowly descended from the tree to the ground. Occupying the starting position, the children involuntarily take a breath.
sawing firewood
Starting position: stand opposite each other in pairs, hold hands and imitate sawing firewood: hands on yourself - inhale, hands away from you - exhale.
Woodcutter
Starting position: stand up straight, legs slightly narrower than shoulders; as you exhale, fold your hands with an ax and lift up. Sharply, as if under the weight of an ax, lower the outstretched arms as you exhale, tilt the body, allowing the hands to “cut through” the space between the legs. Say "uh". Repeat 6-8 times.
Starting position: sit down, clasping the legs of a chair with your legs, put your hands on your belt. Inhale, slowly turn the body to the side; on the exhale, show how the mosquito rings - “z-z-z”; quickly return to the starting position. A new breath - and turn in the other direction.
Pure and correct speech is an important component for the formation of a full-fledged personality. After all, a person with a remarkably developed speech is not afraid of communication, and also expresses his own thoughts and desires understandably for the people around him. Fuzzy speech is often the reason for the development of a large number of complexes in a person, complicates the process of communication and its self-realization.
It should be noted that correct speech of a preschooler is an main indicator his readiness for learning at school. If a child has certain speech defects, then in the future this can lead to academic failure, problems in communicating with peers and the formation of uncertainty in own forces. Thus, modern parents should start off take care of speech development your child from a very young age. Speech therapists and defectologists warn parents that speech disorders in a baby will not disappear spontaneously as it grows and develops. If you have identified a delay in speech development or a speech defect in a child, you should immediately seek help from specialists. After all, over time, the data speech problems may worsen and become permanent.
Of particular importance for the development of speech in a child is communication with parents and joint systematic exercises with them. In order for classes for the development of speech to be effective, parents must know the main stages in the development of a child's speech.
Stages of speech development of a preschooler
Experts note the following stages in the development of speech in preschool children:
- 3-4 years. In this age range, the baby names the shape, color, size and quality of the object. Uses general words: furniture, clothes, tools, vegetables, etc. In the process of looking at a picture or an object, he answers the questions of an adult in monosyllables. Can make 3-4 descriptive sentences with parents according to the illustration. The kid actively retells his favorite fairy tales.
- 4-5 years. The kid uses adjectives in the process of communication, which denote the properties of objects, verbs that characterize labor actions, as well as nouns. Easily navigates the location of objects, time of day, and also perfectly describes the mood of people. The kid during this period improves communication skills through dialogue, and also actively asks questions and answers them. The child already knows how to retell short stories and compose according to plot picture short stories.
- 5-6 years. Children in this age range use all parts of speech in the correct form and precisely in meaning. In addition, the child coherently and consistently retells literary works of small volumes, and also makes up short stories on his own. Can easily communicate with an adult, asking questions on the topic and answering them correctly.
- 6-7 years old. For this age period characterized by a rich vocabulary, as well as the use of antonyms and synonyms in the process of communication. The child develops a culture of speech communication. He can independently and expressively convey the content of the heard work. In addition, the child easily composes a coherent story of a creative nature from a picture or a series of pictures.
It should be noted that these steps speech development are conditional and do not take into account the individual characteristics of each child.
If you have fixed certain problems in the formation of speech in a child, then systematic exercises will help correct the situation.
Classes for the development of speech of preschoolers: a game
Each parent must Be sure to find time for your child and v light to play short classes for the development of speech. Teachers recommend that the following goals be pursued during the lesson:
- to form and replenish the child's vocabulary, develop his logical thinking;
- help to master the skills of coherent speech and teach how to build sentences;
- correct the sound side of speech in close relationship with the development of the sound analysis of words and the formation of phonemic hearing.
With a child, it is best to carry out classes in a playful way.
We offer options for games with the baby, which will help to actively develop the child's speech:
Games with different words
This selection entertaining games will help the child develop speech, teach to compare and analyze, and will also contribute to the development of attention and memory. In addition, the baby will be able in the future to independently describe and characterize various objects by external signs.
"Choose adjectives"
This game is very popular among children, regardless of age category. The essence of the game is that parents show the baby a toy or a picture, and he must name maximum amount features that characterize this object. For example, "fox" - red, cunning, fast, beautiful, etc. The game is recommended to complicate over time. The child must match the original adjective with actual nouns. For example: "red" - tomato, poppy, rose, apple, etc.
"Who's doing what"
This game helps to enrich vocabulary with verbs. For the lesson, you need to prepare thematic cards. Next, the parent shows the child a card and asks the question: “What can I do with it?” or “Why is this necessary?”. It is recommended to complicate the game over time by adding facial expressions and gestures to it. For instance. Children must name the type of activity for certain actions of an adult.
"Object and its actions"
The game contributes to the intensive development of the child's speech. Its meaning lies in the fact that the baby is invited to identify objects that perform certain actions. For example: “What and who flies?” - bird, plane, fly, snowflake, fluff, etc.
Games on the topic: "What it looks like"
This category of games is effective method development of speech in children of any age category. At the initial stage, the lesson will require certain game material: dummies of vegetables, a shell, a pine cone, a piece of cloth, a piece of fur, etc.
e. In the future, only words can be used for the game. The rules of the game are that the child answers the questions, arguing his own answer. For example: “What does a dry leaf or a piece of fur look like?”. Further, parents ask additional questions: “Why?”, “What?”. Variations of this game a large number of. Consider the most popular of them.
"Letters and Numbers"
This game remarkably develops speech, imaginative thinking, fantasy and the ability to concentrate on the necessary object. For the lesson, you will need images of letters and numbers that are on separate large sheets. The child is invited to first consider one letter or number, and then name the objects, phenomena that these images are similar to. In addition, the kid can draw his own associations or come up with a story about the object he saw. Further, the number of children's associations per object should gradually increase.
"Draw a picture"
The meaning of this game is as follows: the child is offered to consider some unfinished drawing drawn on the album sheet. geometric figure and ask them to draw at their own discretion necessary elements to the figure. In the next lesson, you can increase the number of shapes or lines in the picture.
"Argument"
This game is used in the classroom for the development of speech with preschoolers aged 5-7 years. For the lesson, subject cards of a variety of topics will be required. This game is best played with a small group of children. The facilitator selects one subject card and, without showing it to anyone, examines the image. Next, the child asks the participants of the game a series of questions: “What does it look like?”, “What color is it?” etc. Each child must offer their own answer. After that, the facilitator opens the reversed image and invites the players to "defend" their versions with the help of arguments.
This game remarkably develops speech, and also forms the ability to correctly build sentences, draw conclusions and teaches the skills to prove one's own point of view with the help of specific facts.
Game on the theme: "Who is from where"
This game effectively develops the child's speech skills, teaches to determine the relationship and general patterns between objects. To do this, you need to prepare thematic cards and familiarize the child with them. For example, if you show your baby images of animals, then pay attention to their external characteristics, habitat and ability to adapt to it. Birds use wings, fish use fins, and so on.
A lesson for the development of speech is carried out as follows: the child is shown images of the sea and the forest, for these habitats you need to select and distribute pictures with various animals, arguing your own actions. Next, show the child a part of an animal: tail, paws, ears, and invite him to identify this animal and its habitat.
After the arguments, the child is shown a complete picture of this animal, and he formulates a conclusion about the correctness of his own arguments.
Game on the theme "Avalanche of words"
"I put in the basket..."
The adult begins the game with the following phrase: "I put a pear in the basket." The kid repeats this sentence and adds his own version: “I put a pear and a peach in the basket.” The next player adds their own version by repeating the previous phrase.
For older children, it is recommended to add words starting with one letter: “I put pineapple, apricot, avocado in the basket ...”. In addition, you can play by keeping the sequence of letters in the alphabet: "I put an orange, an eggplant, a grape in the basket ...". For clarity, a poster with images of the letters of the alphabet should be in front of the child.
"Endless story"
This game is not only for memorization of words and their sequence, but and keeping the meaning of the sentence. For the game, any word is selected and other words are added to it, which form short story. New words can be placed in any part of the sentence. For example: choose the word - flower. One child comes up with the beginning of the story - a flower has grown. Another child continues - a flower has grown in the clearing. The third baby - grew up in a clearing beautiful flower etc.
All classes for the development of speech, which are held in a playful way, are diverse and creative. Thanks to games, the child develops a culture of speech, stimulates speech activity and communication skills.
The kid also learns to correctly pronounce words and clearly put stress on them.
In order for classes for the development of the speech of preschoolers to be effective and bring maximum benefit, parents should monitor the mood of the child, not suppress his emotions and take into account his speech capabilities. Adults should not think that after a few games the baby will begin to use the correct forms of the word in the process of communication at the morphological, syntactic and grammatical level. This process is gradual and takes time.
Classes for the development of speech of preschoolers: tongue twisters, nursery rhymes, riddles
For development, activation of the speech apparatus child and getting rid of "porridge in the mouth" is recommended in the classroom pronounce tongue twisters. Parents should initially read the tongue twister to the baby slowly and pronouncing each sound clearly. Next, offer to say it with you, and then ask to tell the tongue twister yourself.
Do not scold the child if he does not succeed. Turn your activity into exciting game so that the child wants to repeat the tongue twister many times. Stop your choice on simple, short and easy-to-pronounce tongue twisters.
For example: Our bear has big bumps in the bag or the gray cat is sitting on the window. After a while, you can learn tongue twisters that are more complicated in pronunciation.
In addition, for the development of speech, read children's poems and riddles to your child more often, which broaden his horizons, help develop thinking, attention, and memory.
Classes for the development of speech of preschoolers: breathing, articulation, finger gymnastics
One of the main conditions beautiful and correct speech in a person is a relaxed articulation with a smooth, long exhalation. In children with various speech defects, breathing is arrhythmic and superficial. Speech therapists recommend parents fulfill with the child systematically simple breathing exercises, which will contribute to the formation of a long exhalation and, as a result, proper development speech.
For example, you can do exercise "Snowfall". To do this, you need to roll small lumps of cotton wool and put them on the child's palm. Next, invite the baby to blow off the cotton wool from the palm, like a snowflake. Then place a ball of cotton under the child's nose and ask him to blow up.
For development correct breathing great fit exercise "Storm in a teacup". For its implementation, prepare a glass of water and a tube for cocktails. The child should place one end of the tube in the center of the wide part of the tongue, and the other end in a glass of water. Then the baby begins to blow through the tube, making a real storm. Parents should control this process so that the child's cheeks do not puff out, and the lips are in a motionless state.
It should be noted that the author of breathing exercises is the famous teacher and vocalist A.N. Strelnikov. Her author's technique not only restores breathing, but also has a positive effect on the functioning of all body systems.
For the development of speech of preschoolers is also popular articulatory gymnastics aimed at main muscle organ of speech - tongue. Gymnastics for the tongue is simply necessary, since promotes formation correct pronunciation. After all, defects in sound pronunciation violate emotional and mental the balance of the child, as well as negatively affect the full communication with peers.
Articulation gymnastics performed in front of a mirror so that the child can see the movements of his own tongue. The duration of the lesson should not be more 10 minutes a day. At the same time, do not offer the child to immediately perform a large number of exercises. Good for one lesson 2-3 exercises. Do not be discouraged if the child did not succeed in repeating the exercise after you. Be calm, consistent and patient with the baby and he will definitely succeed. Spend articulation gymnastics in a playful way.
Positive emotions from the lesson will help the child quickly learn new exercises.
Speech therapists and teachers for the development of speech in preschoolers use finger gymnastics that promotes active development of fine motor skills of the hands and, respectively, speeches The child has. The essence of this gymnastics is that a child with parents pronounces small verses, accompanying their certain finger movements. These exercises are important for the child, as they improve the coordinated work of the speech centers, contribute to the development of attention, memory and imagination, and also increase the flexibility of the fingers.
Thus, modern speech therapy and pedagogy offer parents a wide variety of activities for the development of speech preschoolers. Systematically play with your child, do not criticize him for wrong answers and be sure to support him on an emotional level.
The child masters speech gradually, starting from birth. First, he learns to understand the speech addressed to him, and then begins to speak himself. Therefore, you should protect your hearing from strong sound effects (do not turn on the TV or music at full power), prevent chronic colds, monitor the health of the hearing organs.
Already up to a year, you can hear the first "dad" and "mum" from the child. By the age of three, as a rule, the child already begins to speak in phrases. Simultaneously with the development of speech, the thinking and imagination of the child develops. Attention, memory, thinking are the foundations on which speech is built.
When talking with a child, constantly pay attention to your own speech: it should be clear and intelligible. Do not lisp, the child must learn to speak correctly. Do not speak loudly or too quickly to your child.
The causes of poorly developed speech in a child can be:
violations in the development of the muscles of the articulatory-speech apparatus, low development of phonemic hearing, poor vocabulary, deficiencies in the development of grammatical skills.
Violation of sound pronunciation and articulation - the child incorrectly pronounces individual sounds, his speech is characterized by insufficient intelligibility and expressiveness, and its pace is slower than that of peers.
Shortcomings in the development of sound-letter perception and sound-letter analysis (low development of phonemic hearing) - insufficient development of the ability to hear, recognize and distinguish sounds and their combinations, not confuse them. No less important are the skills of sound-letter synthesis - the ability to understand the relationship between sounds and their combinations.
The main violations of this kind include: the inability to isolate sounds sequentially or according to their location; inability to distinguish sounds by hardness, softness, sonority, deafness; inability to designate hardness - softness in writing. For the same reasons, the acquisition of the skill of word formation and inflection is inhibited. Deficiencies in the development of the lexical and grammatical structure of speech - the child does not know how to correctly compose and understand grammatical constructions, incorrectly uses genders and cases. This also includes the inability to correctly place stresses, which leads to distortion of the word beyond recognition. Insufficient development of semantic guessing - the child does not know how, based on the context, to correctly predict the end of a word or phrase. Insufficient development of vocabulary - poor vocabulary, difficulty in understanding the meaning of words due to their absence in the child's active vocabulary. The child finds it difficult to establish a lexical connection between the words he read, he does not understand the new meaning that they acquire in combination with each other.
It should be noted that the quality and quantity of a child's vocabulary largely determine the level of speech development in general. It is very important to pay attention to both passive (that is, those words that are stored in memory) and active (words that are constantly used) vocabulary. It is necessary that the child knows what meanings the word has, knows how to use it correctly in independent speech.
In this section of the site you will find speech development classes designed for classes with children from 1 to 7 years old (and possibly older if the child does not speak well for school). First lessons with a child finger games, because fine motor skills greatly affect the development of speech abilities. Next - poems, sayings, reading books. Articles will help you understand if your child speaks correctly: are the words he uses enough, whether he connects them together and pronounces them correctly.
