We teach the child to pronounce the letters l, p, w, w, k - without the participation of a speech therapist. Gymnastics for clear and correct pronunciation

Incorrect pronunciation of the sound C is one of the most common disorders in children in the preschool period. This may be the replacement of the sound С with Ш (dog - “shabaka”), distorted pronunciation (interdental, near-tooth), etc. You should pay attention to this problem in a timely manner and provide the child with qualified assistance in staging and automating sound C. Of course, it is best to seek advice from experienced ones. However, parents can and should work with a child at home. If your baby is having difficulty pronouncing the C sound correctly, in our article you can get detailed advice on how to set the C sound.

Articulatory gymnastics to prepare the speech apparatus for the correct pronunciation of the sound C, the formation of phonemic perception of the sound C

Exercise "Smile". The lips are closed, alternately stretched in a smile and come to their original position.

Exercise "Fence". Smile so that the upper and lower teeth are visible. Hold this position for 5 seconds.

Exercise "Swing". Smile, open your mouth wide, lift the tip of your tongue up behind the alveoli, and then lower it behind the lower front teeth. Perform the exercise at least 5-10 times. At the time of the exercise, only the tongue should move, the lower jaw and lips should be kept motionless.

Exercise "Brush your teeth" Smile, open your mouth wide and use the tip of your tongue to make circular movements over your teeth (under your lips).

Exercise "Ride on the hill." Smile, open your mouth wide, lower the tip of the tongue behind the front incisors, raise the back of the tongue high up. Hold the organs of articulation in this position for 5-10 seconds.

Isolated pronunciation of sound C

Sound C will turn out correctly if the lips are stretched in a smile, the teeth are closed, the tip of the tongue rests on the lower front teeth, the air stream goes along the middle of the tongue, as a result of which it will be possible to feel a sharp cold stream on the back surface of the palm brought to the mouth. If the child has difficulty imitating your actions and still lifts the tongue up, use a spatula to hold the tip of the tongue down behind the lower front teeth.

Improving the pronunciation of sound C in different positions in syllables and words

If a child pronounces a correctly isolated sound, one should move on to fixing it in syllables and words. Initially, a direct position is used when a vowel follows a consonant. Invite the child to repeat the following sequences of syllables: so, sa, sy, su, sa-sa-sa, so-so-so, su-su-su, sy-sy-sy, sa-so-sy, etc. When the baby learns to pronounce the sound C in syllables with high quality, go to the words. Invite the child to repeat the words after you, name what is drawn in the picture, what surrounds him, etc. Examples of words in which the sound C is located in a direct position: juice, Sonya, garden, sugar, drying, cheese, etc.

The next stage of work is in intervocalic and reverse positions, in the confluence of consonants on the material of syllables and words: asa, oso, mustache, ysy, aso, osu, spit, osa, wheel, as, os, mustache, ys, kvass, class, ear , pineapple, sva, svo, sla, slu, smu, smu, cook, own, smog, chair, table, dreams, tablecloth, bench, etc.

Automation of C sound in different positions in phrases and coherent speech

In order for the child not to think about how to pronounce the sound C correctly, but to feel confident, we gradually give him tasks that allow, on the one hand, to improve this sound, and, on the other hand, to develop the grammatical structure of the language, coherent speech. To this end, you can offer the baby the following exercises: supplement or make sentences on the picture; pick up words with the studied sound C to adjectives; come up with words in which the sound C is in different positions (in the middle, at the beginning, at the end of the word); come up with sentences in which there would be words with the sound C; retell the heard story; come up with a story from a set of words; learn a poem, etc.

Most domestic speech therapists agree that learning to pronounce the sound R correctly and fluently is one of the most difficult speech tasks for kids. Few of them cope with it on their own and on time. However, not only specialists, but also parents themselves can help them. With the help of elementary speech therapy exercises for sound production R.

Sound R: right or wrong

The R sound is one of the most complex sounds in the Russian language. To reproduce it, perfected movements of the speech apparatus, sufficient vibration and amplitude of the tongue, and other physiological “achievements” are required. It is not surprising that most children experience certain difficulties in forming the correct pronunciation of the R sound.

As a rule, there are not so many options for involuntary mangling of the R sound in the younger generation. The most common children's "bullying" of the sound R:

• The sound just skips, drops out. This is especially true for words where the R sound is between vowels: sa_ay(instead of a shed), ha_age(instead of a garage) ma_oz(instead of frost);
• Instead of the sound R, the sound L, S or Y is obtained: koowa(instead of a cow) Luke(instead of a hand) class(instead of paint), fish(instead of fish);
• The sound Р is pronounced recognizably, but it is not typical for the Russian language (bilingual children especially often “sin” with this). A child can pronounce the sound R not “firmly”, as is typical for our speech, but, for example, graze (as is customary in French), or vibrate excessively (which is typical for English).

How to check the pronunciation of the sound R in a child? First, ask the baby to “growl” - in other words, pronounce the sound R several times on its own, and not as part of any words. Then let the child repeat after you words like: crow, king, grass, order, etc. If the child fails to make a single sound R, then the first thing you have to practice is precisely this - to teach the baby to pronounce the sound R by itself. If the child “growls” “excellently”, but in words he pronounces the sound R incorrectly, then the correct pronunciation should be practiced primarily in syllables: ra-ro-ru-ri-ar-or-ir, etc.

Release the sound R "from under the bridle"

Since the article deals specifically with “home” exercises for setting the sound R in children, the first thing to do is to recall: even if you, full of parental love and speech therapy enthusiasm, decide to independently teach your baby to growl loudly no worse than a tiger cub and without embarrassment declare a rhymed story about a bitten Greek at family matinees, then you still need at least one, primary, consultation of a professional and experienced speech therapist.

The fact is that often the inability to correctly pronounce the sound R is due not so much to a poorly developed articulatory apparatus, immobility of the tongue and similar problems, but to the individual structure of the hyoid ligament - the so-called "bridle". And only a doctor can determine this nuance.

In most cases, the underdevelopment of the “bridle” (due to which the baby’s tongue simply does not reach the upper palate, which makes it difficult to pronounce a number of sounds, including the sound P) can be leveled through daily exercises and special massage. But sometimes there are cases when this ligament needs to be cut in order for the tongue to acquire the proper range of motion. It is this dilemma - to cut or not - that a speech therapist is able to resolve. Moms, dads, don't worry - modern doctors in most cases tend to stretch the "bridle" method by performing special speech therapy exercises, including exercises for setting the R sound.

Other causes of incorrect pronunciation of the sound P

Inactive articulatory apparatus. NOTE: In this case, you should be engaged not so much in directly setting the sound R, but in ... grimacing! In a playful way, stimulate the baby to actively “move in the mouth” - let him stick out his tongue, twist it into a tube (children love it!), Try to reach his nose or chin with his tongue, move his jaws, bare his teeth, stretch his lips in a smile “a- la Cheshire cat "and so on and so forth. All these funny pranks will quickly strengthen the facial muscles and develop the mobility of the speech organs.

Phonemic hearing disorder. NOTE: As a rule, phonemic hearing disorders (when a child hears speech structures of adults, recognizes them and tries to reproduce them in his speech) manifests itself in the fact that a child aged four or more years, when speaking or reading, skips letters / sounds in words and confuses voiced and deaf, as well as soft and hard consonants (for example: love- lubof, nanny- nana, Door- tver, stool- daburedka etc.)

"Problems" in speech breathing. NOTE: Speech breathing is the basis of proper adequate sound production. The most common speech breathing disorders are usually chronic runny nose, enlarged adenoids, some immune diseases, diseases of cardio-vascular system. For the development of proper speech breathing, its own special gymnastics is used (where speech is combined with exercise), which is usually prescribed by a speech therapist, adjusting to the individual characteristics of the child.

Science has proven that the ability to pronounce complex sounds - including the sound P - is determined not only by the developed articulatory apparatus and the characteristics of the speech that the child constantly hears, but also partly genetically.

If there are no serious physiological causes of a violation of diction in a child, then take recommendations from a speech therapist for speech gymnastics and start daily exercises.

Speech therapy exercises - it's time

It is worth seriously thinking about staging the sound R if the child has passed five years, and he has not learned to growl and purr “cleanly” and resoundingly by this moment. He still has swimmers in his aquarium lyby, fly into the sky shaiiki and give milk koyovy...

The first consultation with an experienced speech therapist will enrich you with knowledge of exactly what problems your baby has with the articulatory apparatus, and what specific exercises you should practice with him. But in addition to special gymnastics, there is also a more or less common set of exercises for all cases of setting the sound P, which you also have to perform daily with your baby. Get ready for the fact that you will spend an average of half an hour a day on this, and the whole saga of mastering pronunciation can stretch for a year and a half.

As a rule, the production of the sound R, as well as other sounds, is conditionally divided into three stages:

• first you must teach the child to confidently pronounce this sound in isolation, by itself;
• then you should master the confident pronunciation of sound in syllables and words;
• and only then train the sound in streaming speech, sentences and tongue twisters.

In everyday life, one can often observe the opposite picture: parents hang on the child, chattering tongue twisters and urging the baby to immediately repeat what was said. Alas, such tactics almost always lose - the child is frightened and generally refuses to train.

The key to success: patience and trrrrud all perRRRRetRRRut

Be patient and go from simple to complex. Fortunately or unfortunately, but the speech therapy task is fundamentally different, for example, from trying to teach someone to swim - if you can still learn to stay on the water and flounder with your limbs overnight, then it’s definitely not possible to pronounce sounds correctly. Since it is not so much the execution technique that plays a role here, but the gradual development and strengthening of the articulatory apparatus.

Remember one simple rule: any activity, including speech therapy exercises, should bring pleasure and positive emotions to the child. How you achieve this is your problem, not the baby's. And only if your offspring is happy to perform speech gymnastics (and keep in mind that it’s easy for you to roll your tongue and pronounce different sounds, and for a baby it’s always a lot of work, discomfort, and sometimes even certain painful sensations), you will succeed.

Come up with fun and amusing entertainment for the child with the sound / letter P, turn daily speech exercises into funny game, and never (even as a joke!) tease the baby - and you yourself will not notice how the child will firmly "make friends" with all the sounds of his native speech. Even with something as insidious as the sound of R.

Warm-up exercises

Setting the sound R is a daily workout. Each of which begins with a warm-up and “warming up” of the articulatory apparatus. Most effective exercises for warm up:

Exercise "Paint brush". The kid should smile and open his mouth. Further, as if with a brush, he should “stroke” the upper palate with his tongue - from the upper teeth and as deep as possible towards the throat. Repeat the exercise 10-12 times.

Exercise "Pendulum". As in the first case - you need to smile, open your mouth. Slightly stick out the tongue forward and shake it from side to side - from the right corner of the mouth to the left and so on. About 10-20 times.

Exercise "Accordion". We smile again and open our mouth. We press the tongue to the upper palate, as if we are going to pronounce a soft and long sound “n”. Without changing the position of the tongue, open the mouth as wide as possible, then close, open and close. About 15-20 times.

"Brushing our teeth." Starting position - smile and open your mouth. With the tip of the tongue, we draw along the inner surface of the upper teeth from left to right, as if “sweeping” them. We do the exercise 10-15 times. Then, without changing the starting position, we alternately rest our tongue against each upper tooth from the inside, as if checking whether it is in place.

Exercise "Komarik". A very fun exercise! The baby should open his mouth, and push the tip of the tongue over the front teeth. In this position, try to pronounce the sound "zzz", then move the tongue back, this time resting it on the upper palate at the base of the teeth and say "zzz" again.

All these exercises perfectly develop the articulatory apparatus, strengthen the muscles and gradually stretch the "bridle". However, to work out exactly the sound “P”, special staging exercises are needed.

Exercises for setting the sound R

Among the most simple exercises, suitable for independent daily speech gymnastics, include the following:

• 1 The child opens his mouth, and presses the tip of the tongue to the base of the upper teeth, while rhythmically and quickly pronouncing the sound "ddd". After a couple of seconds, ask him, without stopping, to blow hard on the tip of his tongue (that is, try to pronounce "d-d-d" on a strong exhalation). The sound P will not work yet, but the baby should feel the tangible vibration of the tongue and gradually remember it.
• 2 For the next exercise, you will need a special speech therapy spatula (it can be purchased at specialized stores, pharmacies and online stores). Nowadays, they are made quite comfortable for the baby, often with the smell of caramel, chocolate or fruit. Use it very carefully, but confidently, without timidity. So: to begin with, ask the child, opening his mouth wider, pronounce the sound “zhzhzh”, gradually moving the tongue closer to the base of the upper teeth. Let him get used to a couple of seconds, and then carefully insert the spatula under the child's tongue and begin to rhythmically (but not strongly!) Shake it left and right, creating vibration. At this time, the child should blow strongly on his sound “zhzhzh” - this way he will feel the vibration created by the air and the vibrations of the spatula.
• 3 Ask the baby to open his mouth wide and at the same time pronounce the syllable "z-z-za", pushing the tongue as far back as possible. At this time, as in exercise 2, slip a spatula under his tongue and move it rhythmically to the right and left. If this speech therapy exercise is performed correctly, you should hear a fairly distinct “P” sound.
• 4 In the same way, ask the child to pronounce the sound “z-z-zi” with an open mouth, and do the same spatula manipulations as in the previous exercise. In this case, more than soft sound P, which is used in words like "rhyme", "rice", "drawing" ...

It is known that in his youth, Lenin was very complex because of his burr. And at one time, the future leader of the world proletariat paid great attention to exercises on setting the sound R. Since the articulation of the sound R is similar to the articulation of the sound D, he trained on words in which D and R stand side by side. Often from Volodya's room one could hear a speech therapy "mantra": fight, firewood, tease ...

You are the teacher of the year!

Since children are great repeaters, at every opportunity, do not be lazy to show your baby how great and skillfully you yourself pronounce the sound R. In fact, you are the best teacher and mentor for your child.

Lean closer to him so that he not only hears you, but also sees the position of your lips, facial expressions. Most often, this is how, imitating "carbon copy", children learn to pronounce sounds. Be a patient (and at the same time funny, smiling!) Example for your child - and he will definitely master the correct pronunciation. And be patient - it can take from several days to several months to practice each exercise in setting the sound P.

As soon as you hear that the child is able to more or less successfully pronounce the sound R in the exercises, start practicing syllables like "ra-ri-ru-ro" or "ara-tra-ura-or-mur" - that is, all kinds of combinations sound Р and vowels (so that the sound Р itself stands both at the beginning of the syllable, and in the middle, and at the end). Then move on to individual in simple words, such as "fish-hand-Murzik-arch-ball-cow" and others (again - the sound R should be in different places of words). And only when the child pronounces the words confidently and correctly, proceed to flowing speech.

Many parents perceive difficulties with pronunciation of the R sound as a serious problem. They connect a host of pediatricians and speech therapists to the "trouble", and the child begins to frighten with future difficulties in communication ... If you are a conscious and loving parent, stop this "hysteria" in the bud! Teach your child to deal with difficulties (including pronunciation) in a friendly, calm, and humorous way. And if you manage to turn speech therapy into exciting game, you and your child will win in any case - either he will master the sound R, or learn to "fail" while remaining a confident person.

Every parent wants to be the child learned to speak clear, distinct and beautiful. For this you need to work hard. Do not forget to praise the child, celebrate his successes and pay attention when he gets a clear pronunciation. Also, make sure that your own speech is correct and expressive.

Games for the development of speech

Game "Catch the Sound"

You can play this game on your way from home to Kindergarten and back. For example, you say: "Catch the sound "m" in the word "car", catch the sound "s" in the word "elephant", the sound "p" in the word "tree", the sound "m" in the word "cat", etc. e. The child must determine where he hears the sound: at the beginning, middle or end of the word. By the age of 4-5, it is easiest for children to distinguish sounds at the beginning and end of words, it is more difficult for them to hear sounds in the middle of words.

Games for the development of correct articulation, phonetic hearing and speech breathing (according to A. S. Galanov).

"Funny faces". Surely the child will like this exercise. After all, you can twist to your heart's content. Sit opposite each other. Describe what needs to be done and show how. For example, you say: "Put out your tongue, try to reach the tip of your nose, push your lower jaw forward, move it to the sides, puff out your cheeks." The child should repeat everything after you.

"Ship". You will need a bowl of water and a paper boat. Seat the "captain" on a chair next to the basin and ask him to blow on the boat so that it floats. It is necessary to blow with the pronunciation of the sounds "f" and "p". Make sure that the baby does not puff out his cheeks, so that the sound "p" is pronounced on the exhale 2-3 times, and "f" - continuously. Try to blow harder, weaker, intermittently. What's going on with the ship?

"Radio operator". Tell your child: “Imagine that you are a radio operator and you need to receive and transmit an important message. I will clap my hands, and you will respond by tapping the edge of your palm on the table, I will say “clap”, and you will say “knock”. And show by example if the child did not immediately understand what was required of him. Start with one clap, then do two, three, four. It will look like this: clap - knock; clap-clap - knock-knock; clap-clap-clap - knock-knock-knock. Clap softer and louder, more often and less often. The child should mirror you, draw his attention to the fact that he knocks with the same frequency and intensity. This game perfectly forms a sense of rhythm in a child.

"Lisa-Patrikeevna". For this game you will need a narrow strip of fabric, a small round cookie. Lay a cloth on the floor - this will be the bridge. The child will be a fox walking across the bridge. But she doesn’t just go: the cheat outwitted Kolobok, put it on her tongue and will eat it only when she runs away to the other side of the river. The kid should go with his tongue hanging out, on which lies the cookie. Pass - eat! Strong motivation to say the least.

"Giraffe and Mouse". Invite the baby to portray a giraffe: you need to kneel, fold your palms, raise your arms and stretch up while breathing. Now let the mouse show. As you exhale, you need to pronounce the sound “shhhhhhh”, sit down, lower your head and clasp your knees with your hands. While the baby is portraying a giraffe, you say: “The giraffe has a big growth ...”, when he shows the mouse, say: “And the mouse is small.” This exercise should be repeated 5-6 times.

"Watch". Say, "Imagine your tongue is like a clock hand that runs or slowly walks in a circle." To perform this exercise, you need to open your mouth and move your tongue along the inner surface of the lips quickly and slowly.

FROM WHAT SOUNDS? PURE PRONUNCIATION DEPENDS

❀ Language — main instrument for sound pronunciation. The intelligibility of the child's speech depends on how developed his muscles are.

❀ From the condition of the teeth, nasopharynx, development of the jaw. You also need to know that if a child's bite is formed incorrectly, he may experience speech defects.

❀ From the development of speech breathing, which creates the continuity of speech. The more powerful it is, the better and more beautiful the child's voice sounds.

❀ From phonemic hearing. Some children cannot distinguish words that are close in sound. For example: small - mule, crumpled - chalk. They do not hear the difference between phonemes (speech sounds), they replace one sound with another.

A child's speech develops over time. school age. You need to follow it from an early age, so that by the first grade the correct pronunciation of letters is fully fixed in the child. But it happens that children of school age have impure speech.

Reasons why a child may not pronounce letters

Wrong pronunciation of letters can be explained by wrong education. If parents, communicating with their child, change their voice, lisp or babble, then the baby gets used to such communication and the incorrect pronunciation of letters is fixed in him.

Therefore, you need to speak with the child in the right and clear language. Immediately stop the slightest flaws in your baby's speech, because with age it will be several times more difficult to correct them.

Wrong attitude towards colloquial speech. There is an opinion that the learning of colloquial speech occurs without the intervention of adults. But if the parents do not participate in the process of the formation of the child's speech, then over time the baby's lag in speech development will begin to appear.

Teaching a child to pronounce sounds

There are many different techniques for the correct formulation of the speech of the baby. But many parents do not know how to teach a child to pronounce letters at home, and therefore immediately turn to speech therapists for help. Although often this problem can be solved at home. It is only necessary to correctly approach the organization of classes. Parents should remember that you can not overload the baby, the duration of each lesson should not exceed 15 minutes. If the child shows reluctance to study, postpone classes for a while. By forcing the baby to pronounce letters by force, you can forever discourage him from speaking correctly, and indeed learning in general.

Before each lesson, it is necessary to seat the child, making sure that he sits straight. All distracting objects are removed, the TV is turned off. An excellent option would be classes in front of a mirror so that the child sees not only the articulation of the adult sitting in front of him, but also his own.

Exercises for pronunciation of sounds

Initially, it is recommended to prepare cards on which animals and objects will be depicted, at the beginning, middle or end of which there are problematic letters. It is necessary to observe whether the pronunciation of a complex letter always turns out to be problematic, or in some positions.

• "Rails" (when the language must "ride" along inside upper teeth).
• “Silence” (repeat the sound “t-sss” several times, stretching the letter “C”).

As a fixing of the letter, you need to choose pictures or words where the letter “C” is present: sleigh, sieve, belt, sun, light. You can use sentences: Sasha sows seeds or poems:

"It's dark in the forest,

Everyone has been sleeping for a long time.

One owl does not sleep

She sits on a bitch."

2. Letter "Z" is a colleague of "C", only voiced. Therefore, in order to teach a child to pronounce the letter “Z”, you need to pronounce “s” only by raising your voice. Show the baby, by bringing your hand to his neck, how the muscles tense up, making sonorous sounds. We fix the letter with the words: hare, beast, tooth, star, as well as sentences: A bunny in winter is like a small animal.

3. The letter "C" can be mastered by resorting to the Silence exercise, only you need to pronounce not “t-sss”, but “ts-ts-ts”. We fix with the words: heron, chicken, chain, pizza, and sentences: What color is the bird?

4. Pronounce the letter "Sh" you can use a small trick: ask the child to pronounce the letter “c”, and with a spoon, lift the baby’s tongue to the sky. Get the sound "sh". The letter is fixed with the words: awl, whisper, ears, noise; sentences: Our Masha rustles; as well as verses:

"Dear bear,
nice bear,
All plush
Our bear is sewn.

5. The same trick can be done with the letters "z" and "g". Pin the letter "J" you need the words: beetle, hedgehog, toad. And also with suggestions: Zhanna is expecting a book.

6. To master the letter "Ch", ask the baby to say "t-t-t", while pressing the baby's cheeks with your fingers. Then you will hear the coveted "h". And to fix the letter, ask the baby to say the words: tea, turtle, daughter, ball; Suggestions: Clean the siskin bath.

7. The most common problem for parents is the problem of the letters "R" and "L". tricks and exercises to solve this problem are aimed at teaching the child to growl without swallowing complex letters and without replacing the complex "r" with an easier "l":

"Horse" - together with the child, depict the clatter and clatter of the horse's hooves.

“Toothbrush” - ask your baby to smile widely. Then you need to run your tongue along the inner surface of the upper teeth. Make sure that the child's lower jaw remains motionless.

"Teaser" - the child is invited to tease. To do this, a relaxed tongue protrudes and dangles up and down. Accompanied by a teaser growl.

Special attention in teaching the letters "P" or "L" is given to tongue twisters:

• Grek rode across the river, he sees Grek: there is cancer in the river.
• There is grass in the yard, firewood on the grass: one, two, three, there is firewood.
• The brave man ate thirty-three pies, and all of them with cottage cheese.
• You can't repeat all the tongue twisters.

Secrets to quickly teach a child to pronounce letters

In addition to direct exercises with the speech muscles of the child and exercises for teaching a complex letter, it is necessary to pay attention to the development of fine motor skills. Together with your child, sort through the cereals, string the beads on a string, sculpt from plasticine or dough. And most importantly: while working, do not be silent. Tell your child stories, nursery rhymes or tongue twisters.

Another secret is to teach the child to repeat the letter "D" often. By pronouncing this magic letter, the muscles of the tongue are trained, it is correctly positioned in the mouth, and with constant training, the child will learn to pronounce the complex letter “r”.

When should parents "sound the alarm" and contact a speech therapist?

If a child cannot master the pronunciation of sounds for a long time, it is necessary to seek help from a speech therapist. Since there are cases when the inability to pronounce certain letters is explained physiological features child. So, an incorrect bite can cause burr or lisp. In such situations, the doctor may prescribe special exercises or surgery, depending on the causes of speech difficulties. Also, a speech therapist as a professional can find other causes of poor pronunciation and work with them on a more serious level than parents.

A lot of children experience minor difficulties with speech and articulation, but, as a rule, by the age of 5–7, such problems disappear by themselves. The speech apparatus of the child develops, sound extraction improves, and the baby begins to speak clearly. There are also problems that, without due attention to them, persist throughout life. This may require a speech therapist or independent exercises in speech therapy and articulation. The sooner you start correcting and overcoming speech disorders, the easier this process will happen for the child. You can start setting up the sound yourself - in most cases, speech therapy and speech therapy exercises are not difficult.

In speech therapy, staging a sound is a special process that combines the development of pronunciation skills for a certain letter, as well as the formation of a connection between kinesthetics, vision and the nervous system. Thus, in the course of staging, the child learns to pronounce the letter on demand in various combinations and isolated.

In children, there are often violations of the pronunciation of whistlers - these can be like sigmatisms (when instead of a sound with or sing a child pronounces their distorted version), or parasigmatisms - in this case, the whistling is replaced by some other (front-lingual, hissing).

Setting the sound is very, very important. The fact is that any speech disorders affect nervous system. Incorrect or impaired sound pronunciation can cause the following diseases:

• dysgraphia - various violations of written speech, automatic rearrangement of letters during writing, substitution of letters, etc.;
• dyslexia - the inability to adequately read the text and put the letters into a coherent text;
• dyslalia - serious violations in the pronunciation of certain sounds.

How to say the sound C and soft C

The correct pronunciation of whistlers depends on the shape of the tongue muscle - you need to track that the tongue is in the correct position. Normal pronunciation occurs as follows: a relaxed flat tongue is pressed against the teeth with its lateral edges, and its tip rests against the base of the lower front incisors. The tongue takes the form of a hillock, and has a hollow in the middle part.

If the baby did not part with the nipple in childhood, then he probably has an even, flat tongue, and the hollow and the transition are weakly expressed. If there is no hollow, with whose help a trickle of air is formed during exhalation, then there will not be a jet that forms whistling sounds.

Correct articulation of B and C

Sponges should be stretched in a slight smile so that teeth are exposed. The gap between the teeth is not more than two millimeters. The relaxed tip of the tongue is fixed on the lower dentition. The frontal segment of the dorsum of the tongue forms a fissure with the upper incisors, while the middle of the dorsum of the tongue rises towards the hard palate. The tongue is pressed against the teeth with the lateral edges, the soft part of the palate is raised, pressed against the pharynx, thereby blocking the air from entering the nasal cavity. The ligaments at this time should be relaxed, without vocal vibration.

Exercises for pronunciation of the sound С and С

To develop the correct pronunciation of the sound S, you will need to perform exercises on phonemic hearing. Before doing the exercises, make sure that the child knows how to pronounce the sound C and C (there have already been classes of this kind), and is able to distinguish between the sounds D and T, as well as V and F.

Best Exercises, which help develop phonemic hearing and come close to the correct pronunciation of the sound C and C, are based on sound imitation. Show your child some pictures that show:

• ordinary pump;
• a bicycle tire pierced with a nail;
• balloon from which air escapes.

The set of pictures may differ depending on the age and interests of the child, the main thing is to show clearly, using examples accessible and understandable to the child, how the sounds C and C differ. Sound memorization exercises can be continued by guessing sounds, or by developing phonemic hearing skills.

Correct articulation when pronouncing the sound C

The tip of the tongue is fixed on the lower teeth, the lips are strongly parted in a smile and do not overlap the teeth, the teeth are practically closed. Air should be released with effort, feeling its movement along the groove. If you bring your palm to the oral cavity and pronounce the sound C, then a cool air stream is felt on the skin.

After the exercises with the sound Sy are completed, you can move on to the sound S. It is important to explain the difference to the child, show it visually and let him feel the difference between the sounds C and Sy kinesthetically and articulatory. Emphasize that when pronouncing the sound C, the child smiles, while a hard, deaf C causes a grimace, more like a grin.

Preparatory exercises

First of all, you need to identify the ability to release an air stream with effort. You need to take in air, blow with effort through lips folded into a tube. You can control the flow of air with your hand (for adults), but it is better for a child to let a piece of cotton, a feather or a small piece of paper blow off his hand.

To better feel the formation of the groove during the pronunciation of C or C, you need to do exercises for the flexibility and mobility of the tongue. It is necessary to stretch out the tongue, calmly lay it on the lip. Along the tongue (at the place where the groove appears), you need to put a smooth stick, match or toothpick, and then press to make a groove. The teeth are wide open, the lips are slightly rounded, in this position you need to blow out a strong air stream several times. Exercises should be repeated until the result is fixed.

Over time, you can move on to a more complex version of this exercise - repeat the same thing, but without a wand.

In order to correctly pronounce the sound C, it is necessary to control the position of the tongue and lips, and also to feel the stream of cool air that moves during pronunciation along the tongue. If for some reason it is not possible to pronounce the sound C correctly, you should return to the preparatory exercises and go through them again, only after that it is possible to automate the pronunciation.

Articulation exercises

• Wide smile - you need to keep your lips in a smile (similar to pronouncing the sound and), while controlling the tension of the lips - the teeth should be open.
• Whistling - with clenched teeth, it is necessary to stretch the lips with a tube, as during whistling.
• When both exercises are mastered, you need to alternate them to a slow count, rhythmically and measuredly.
• Teeth cleaning - good exercise for articulation, it is performed as follows: the lips are open in a wide smile, the tip of the tongue strokes the teeth - first the upper ones, from bottom to top and from left to right, then the lower ones.
• The following exercises are useful to perform in turn.
• Clock hand - lips open in a smile, teeth parted, the tip of the tongue alternately touches the corners of the mouth. It is necessary to control the immobility of the lower jaw (the chin should not move).
• Swing - with this exercise, you can achieve high mobility of the tongue. A relaxed, wide tongue rises as much as possible to the tip of the nose, then stretches towards the chin. After that, the tongue rises to the upper lip and descends to the lower one, then touches the space between the upper teeth and the lip, and then rests against the space between the lower teeth and the lower lip. It is necessary to ensure that the tongue remains flat and wide all the time, the lips do not fit the line of the teeth.

Automation Exercises

Sound setting begins with identifying problems in pronunciation, then it is necessary to prepare the speech apparatus and oral cavity for the correct pronunciation, learn how to pronounce the sound correctly, put an easy pronunciation and automate it. To do this, the following method is used: you need to gradually introduce sound first into syllables, then into simple and Difficult words followed by sentences and free speech.

Isolated pronunciation is achieved by repeated pronunciation of an isolated sound with constant control of the movement of the teeth, tongue and lips.

When the child begins to easily perform simple and complex articulation exercises, and will extract the sound correctly, you need to introduce the pronunciation of direct and reverse syllables. Direct syllables - Sa, Si, Se, So, Su. Reverse - Ac, Ys, Es, Os, Us. Soft Xia automation is also important - Xia, Xiu, Xi, Xo and vice versa.

Sound production (automation) in independent speech- the most difficult stage, it’s hard to get used to speaking correctly, therefore, in Everyday life and in everyday life you need to focus on the erroneous pronunciation and achieve the right one.

Sound production and automation in speech therapy are due not only to the need to put pronunciation, but also to overcome incorrect conditioned reflex connections and ligaments.

Not only the staging of sounds is important, but also the automation of pronunciation. The lips and tongue should automatically take the right position in order to pronounce the sound correctly. Automation in live colloquial speech can be done by memorizing poems and songs - speech therapy pays great attention to nominal rhythmic exercises. If you have difficulty choosing suitable material, you can always watch a video showing the correct automation of sound with the help of songs, poems and tongue twisters.