Applications p of the code of rules sp 5.13130. Fire protection systems

Good afternoon Students of our course of normative documents fire safety, as well as regular Readers of our site and colleagues in the shop. We continue our course of studying normative documents in the field of fire safety. Today, at the twenty-fourth lesson, we continue to study the sets of rules that are an annex to the Federal Law FZ-123 we have already passed, and are regulatory documents in the field of fire safety on the territory of the Russian Federation.

Today we will continue to study Document SP 5.13130-2009 “Systems fire protection Fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations are automatic. Design norms and rules”, which we studied in previous lessons.

You can read earlier publications of course materials in

chronological order at the following links:

As always, before starting the topic of the twenty-fourth lesson, I suggest that you answer a few homework questions on the previously covered material. Questions follow below. You answer questions, quiz yourself, and grade yourself.

Official Listeners do not need to do all this on their own - we will check the Listeners test and put marks by us, by exchanging information on e-mail. Who wants to become an official student of the course, welcome - you can read the conditions by clicking on the first link in the text of the introductory lesson.

So, ten questions on the topic – Document SP 5.13130-2009:

1. 13.1.6. When choosing thermal fire detectors, it should be borne in mind that the response temperature of the maximum and maximum differential detectors must be at least ... .... choose ... ° C above the maximum allowable temperature air in the room.

Choose from: (10) – (15) – (20) – (25)

1. 13.2.1. It is allowed to equip a control zone with one fire alarm loop with fire detectors (one pipe for air sampling if an aspiration detector is used) that does not have an address, which includes:

premises located on no more than two interconnected floors, with the total area of ​​​​the premises.…….choose… sq. m or less;

Choose from: (100) – (150) – (200) – (250) – (300)

1. 13.3.2. In each protected room, at least ... .... select ... fire detectors, switched on according to the “OR” logic circuit.

Choose from: (2) – (3)

4. 13.3.4. Point fire detectors should be installed under the ceiling.

If it is not possible to install detectors directly on the ceiling, they can be installed on cables, as well as walls, columns and other supporting building structures.

When installing point detectors on walls, they should be placed at a distance of at least.…….choose…. . m from the corner and at a distance from the ceiling in accordance with Appendix P.

Choose from (0.2) - (0.5) - (1)

1. 13.3.5. In rooms with steep roofs, such as diagonal, gable, four-slope, hipped, serrated, with a slope of more than 10 degrees, some of the detectors are installed in the vertical plane of the roof ridge or the highest part of the building.

Area protected by one detector installed in upper parts roofs, increases by.…….choose…..%.

Note - If the floor plane has different slopes, then the detectors are installed at surfaces with smaller slopes.

Choose from: (5) – (10) – (15) – (20) – (30)

1. 13.3.6. Placement of point heat and smoke fire detectors should be carried out taking into account air flows in the protected room caused by supply and / or exhaust ventilation, while the distance from the detector to the ventilation hole must be at least.…….choose…. . m.

Choose from (0,1) – (0,5) – (1) – (2) – (5 )

7.13.3.6. ………………. The horizontal and vertical distance from the detectors to nearby objects and devices, to electric lamps, in any case, must be at least.…….choose…. m. Placement of fire detectors should be carried out in such a way that nearby objects and devices (pipes, air ducts, equipment, etc.) do not interfere with the effects of fire factors on the detectors, and sources of light radiation, electromagnetic interference do not affect the preservation of the detector's performance.

Choose from (0,1) – (0,5) – (1) – (2) – (5)

8.13.3.8. Point smoke and heat fire detectors should be installed in each compartment of the ceiling with a width of .…….choose…. m or more, limited by building structures (beams, girders, plate ribs, etc.) protruding from the ceiling at a distance of more than 0.4 m.

Choose from (0,1) – (0,5) – (0,75) – (1) – (1,2)

1. 13.3.8. ………….If there are protruding parts on the ceiling from 0.08 to 0.4 m, the area controlled by fire detectors, indicated in tables 13.3 and 13.5, is reduced by.…….choose…. %……..

Choose from (5) – (10) – (25) – (30) – (50)

10.13.3.9. Point and linear, smoke and heat fire detectors, as well as aspiration ones, should be installed in each compartment of the room, formed by stacks of materials, racks, equipment and building structures, the upper edges of which are separated from the ceiling by ... .... choose .... m or less.

Choose from (0,1) – (0,3) – (0,5) – (0,6) – (0,7)

On this, with verification Homework we have finished, we are moving on to the twenty-fourth lesson, we continue to study Document SP5.13130-2009. As usual, I remind you that I will mark especially important places in the text that you just need to memorize in red font and my personal comments on the text in blue font.

13.10. Gas fire detectors

13.10.1. Gas fire detectors should be installed in accordance with Table 13.3, as well as in accordance with the operating instructions for these detectors and the manufacturer's recommendations agreed with authorized organizations (having permission for the type of activity).

13.11. Autonomous fire detectors

13.11.1. Autonomous fire detectors, when used in apartments and dormitories, should be installed one in each room, if the area of ​​​​the room does not exceed the area controlled by one fire detector in accordance with the requirements of this set of rules.

Self-contained fire detectors are usually installed on horizontal ceiling surfaces.

Autonomous fire detectors should not be installed in areas with low air exchange (in the corners of rooms and above doorways).

Autonomous fire detectors with the function of solidary inclusion are recommended to be networked within an apartment, floor or house.

13.12. Flowing fire detectors

13.12.1. Flow-through fire detectors are used to detect fire factors as a result of the analysis of the medium propagating through ventilation ducts exhaust ventilation.

The detectors should be installed in accordance with the operating instructions for these detectors and the manufacturer's recommendations, agreed with authorized organizations (having permission for the type of activity).

13.13. Manual fire call points

13.13.1. Manual fire detectors should be installed on walls and structures at a height of (1.5 +/- 0.1) m from the ground or floor level to the control (lever, button, etc.).

13.13.2. Manual fire detectors should be installed in places remote from electromagnets, permanent magnets and other devices, the impact of which may cause spontaneous operation of a manual fire detector (the requirement applies to manual fire detectors, the operation of which occurs when a magnetically controlled contact is switched), at a distance:

no more than 50 m from each other inside buildings;

no more than 150 m from each other outside buildings;

at least 0.75 m from other controls and objects preventing free access to the detector.

13.13.3. Illumination at the installation site of a manual fire detector must be at least standard for these types of premises.

13.14. Fire control devices, fire control devices. Equipment and its placement. Room for staff on duty

13.14.1. Control and reception devices, control devices and other equipment should be used in accordance with the requirements of state standards, technical documentation and taking into account climatic, mechanical, electromagnetic and other influences at their location, as well as in the presence of appropriate certificates.

Note - Automated workplace(AWP) based on electronic computing devices, used as a control panel and / or control device, must meet the requirements of the section and have an appropriate certificate. Here, in the context, not the computer itself must be certified, but the AWP program must have an IS certificate.

13.14.2. Fire control devices, fire control devices and other equipment operating in fire automatics installations and systems must be resistant to electromagnetic interference with a degree of rigidity not lower than the second according to GOST R 53325.

13.14.3. Control and receiving devices for firefighters, having the function of controlling sirens, must provide automatic control of communication lines with remote sirens for breaks and short circuits. This is just a requirement for chain control. Here are many old devices, such as "Granite" or "Note" do not have circuit control. Previously, they were established, since there were no requirements for mandatory control of the circuit in the airbag (previously, until 2009, they existed and were considered a regulatory document of the Fire Safety Standards, in particular, airbag 88-01). And now, the provisions of SP5.13130-2009, as you can see, require chain control. This means that PS systems based on old control and reception devices require repair.

13.14.4. The reserve of information capacity of control panels designed to work with conventional fire detectors (with the number of loops 10 or more) must be at least 10%.

13.14.5. Control and reception devices and control devices, as a rule, should be installed in a room with a round-the-clock stay of personnel on duty. In justified cases, it is allowed to install these devices in rooms without personnel on duty around the clock, while ensuring separate transmission of notifications about fire, malfunction, condition technical means to a room with personnel on duty around the clock, and ensuring control of the channels for transmitting notifications. In this case, the room where the devices are installed must be equipped with a security and fire alarm and protected from unauthorized access. According to this paragraph, devices that are installed in a room without personnel are placed inside a metal lockable cabinet, which is correct, since it is required to protect the devices from unauthorized access. However, it is often forgotten to equip the cabinet door with a burglar alarm. This is wrong, since the paragraph of the norms requires unambiguously equipping the premises, i.e. the space where the device is placed, a burglar alarm.

13.14.6. Control and reception devices and control devices should be installed on walls, partitions and structures made of non-combustible materials. Installation of the specified equipment is allowed on structures made of combustible materials, provided that these structures are protected by a steel sheet with a thickness of at least 1 mm or other non-combustible sheet material with a thickness of at least 10 mm. Wherein sheet material must protrude beyond the contour of the installed equipment by at least 0.1 m.

13.14.7. The distance from the upper edge of the control panel and control device to the ceiling of the room made of combustible materials must be at least 1 m.

13.14.8. When several control panels and control devices are adjacent, the distance between them must be at least 50 mm.

13.14.9. Control and reception devices and control devices should be placed in such a way that the height from the floor level to the operational controls and indications of the specified equipment meets the requirements of ergonomics.

13.14.10. The premises of the fire post or the premises with personnel on duty around the clock should, as a rule, be located on the first or ground floor building. It is allowed to place the specified room above the first floor, while the exit from it must be in the lobby or corridor adjacent to the stairwell, which has direct access to the outside of the building.

13.14.11. Distance from the door of the fire station room or the room with personnel on round-the-clock duty, to staircase, leading to the outside, should not exceed, as a rule, 25 m.

13.14.12. The room of the fire station or the room with the personnel on duty around the clock must have the following characteristics:

the area, as a rule, is not less than 15 sq. m;

air temperature in the range from 18 °C to 25 °C at a relative humidity of not more than 80%;

availability of natural and artificial lighting, as well as emergency lighting, which must comply with (9);

room lighting:

in natural light at least 100 lux;

from fluorescent lamps at least 150 lux;

from incandescent lamps not less than 100 lux;

with emergency lighting at least 50 lux;

the presence of natural or artificial ventilation according to (6);

availability of telephone communication with the fire department of the object or settlement.

Backup batteries, except for sealed ones, should not be installed in these rooms.

13.14.13. In the premises of the personnel on duty, conducting round-the-clock duty, emergency lighting should turn on automatically when the main lighting is turned off. This means an emergency lamp with battery support at the installation site of the control and reception devices.

13.15. Fire alarm lines. Connecting and supply lines of fire automatics systems

13.15.1. Both wired and non-wired communication channels can be used as fire alarm loops and connecting communication lines.

13.15.2. Fire alarm loops, wired and non-wired, as well as connecting lines, wired and non-wired, must be carried out with the condition of ensuring the required reliability of information transmission and continuous automatic monitoring of their serviceability along the entire length.

13.15.3. Choice electrical wires and cables, their laying methods for organizing fire alarm loops and connecting lines must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST R 53315, GOST R 53325, (7), the requirements of this section and the technical documentation for devices and equipment of the fire alarm system.

13.15.4. Electrical wire fire alarm loops and connecting lines should be made with independent wires and cables with copper conductors.

Electrical wired fire alarm loops, as a rule, should be carried out with communication wires, if the technical documentation for fire control devices does not provide for the use of special types of wires or cables.

13.15.5. It is allowed to use dedicated communication lines in case of absence automatic control fire protection equipment.

13.15.6. Optical connecting lines and non-electrical ones (pneumatic, hydraulic, etc.) are preferably used in areas with significant electromagnetic influences.

13.15.7. The fire resistance of wires and cables connected to various components of fire automatics systems must be no less than the time these components perform tasks for a particular installation site.

The fire resistance of wires and cables is ensured by the choice of their type, as well as the methods of their laying. The laying method, in this context, is the use of fasteners, which, like the wire, will retain the required properties during the time necessary for the performance of their functions by fire protection systems.

13.15.8. In cases where the fire alarm system is not designed to control automatic fire extinguishing installations, warning systems, smoke removal systems and other engineering systems fire safety of an object, for connecting fire alarm loops of a radial type with a voltage of up to 60 V to control panels, connecting lines made by telephone cables with copper conductors of the complex communication network of the object can be used, provided that communication channels are allocated. In this case, the allocated free pairs from the cross-country to the junction boxes used in the installation of fire alarm loops, as a rule, should be placed in groups within each junction box and marked with red paint. There is a lot of controversy about whether it is necessary to carry out the networks of the dispatching system with non-combustible wires and cables, or it can be done with ordinary combustible telephone cable networks, such as TRV or CCI. The above paragraph is an attempt to allow the signal to be output to the monitoring station by connecting the alarm pairs of the cable from the PS system to a common multi-core communication cable, cross it at a common telephone exchange cross and lead it where necessary. If it were not for GOST 3156502012, which strictly stipulates the requirement to use non-combustible wires and cables for fire protection systems, then it might have been a ride, on the basis of this paragraph. But since GOST exists and it is valid, this item can be considered “dead”, since GOST is a serious thing. In general, there is a "Sagittarius" - use it.

13.15.9. Connecting lines made with telephone and control cables that meet the requirements of clause 13.15.7 must have a reserve stock of cable cores and terminals junction boxes not less than 10%.

(Clause 13.15.9 as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order No. 274 of the Russian Emergencies Ministry of 01.06.2011)

13.15.10. Fire alarm loops of the radial type, as a rule, should be connected to the devices of the receiving and control firefighters through junction boxes, crosses. It is allowed to connect fire alarm loops of radial type directly to fire devices if the information capacity of the devices does not exceed 20 loops.

13.15.11. Ring-type fire alarm loops should be made with independent wires and communication cables, while the beginning and end of the ring loop must be connected to the corresponding terminals of the fire control panel.

13.15.12. The diameter of the copper cores of wires and cables must be determined based on the allowable voltage drop, but not less than 0.5 mm.

13.15.13. Power lines for control panels and fire control devices, as well as connecting lines for controlling automatic fire extinguishing, smoke removal or warning installations, should be made with separate wires and cables. It is not allowed to lay them in transit through explosive and fire hazardous premises (zones). In justified cases, it is allowed to lay these lines through fire hazardous premises (zones) in the voids of class K0 building structures or with fire-resistant wires and cables.

13.15.14. Joint laying of fire alarm loops and connecting lines of fire automation systems with voltage up to 60 V with lines with voltage of 110 V or more in one box, pipe, bundle, closed channel of a building structure or on one tray is not allowed.

The joint laying of these lines is allowed in different compartments of boxes and trays with continuous longitudinal partitions with a fire resistance limit of 0.25 hours from non-combustible material.

13.15.15. With parallel open laying, the distance from wires and cables of fire automatics systems with voltage up to 60 V to power and lighting cables must be at least 0.5 m.

(As amended by Amendment N 1, approved by Order of the Russian Emergencies Ministry of 06/01/2011 N 274)

It is allowed to lay these wires and cables at a distance of less than 0.5 m from power and lighting cables, provided they are protected from electromagnetic interference. Note that it is not indicated exactly and specifically in meters and centimeters at what distance less than 0.5 meters is allowed to be laid if there is protection against electromagnetic interference. It turns out that it can be reduced to almost zero - the only thing is that it doesn’t work out “in one bundle”, so as not to violate clause 13.15.14. If you just put it next to separate fasteners, then you won’t break anything.

It is allowed to reduce the distance to 0.25 m from wires and cables of fire alarm loops and connecting lines without interference protection to single lighting wires and control cables.

13.15.16. In rooms and areas of rooms where electromagnetic fields and pickups can cause malfunctions, electrical wire loops and fire alarm connecting lines must be protected from pickups.

13.15.17. If it is necessary to protect fire alarm loops and connecting lines from electromagnetic pickups, twisted pair, shielded or unshielded wires and cables laid in metal pipes, ducts, etc. should be used. In this case, the shielding elements must be grounded. Shield grounding is a key and important point. Keep in mind that it is not enough just to ground the shield at the point where the cable is connected to the PS device. It is necessary at each cable break, when installing a fire detector or a siren or light annunciator on this cable, the screens of the broken ends of the cable are CONNECTED together so that the screen is grounded throughout the entire length of the laid cable. This is important and desirable to write in the text of the project in the installation instructions section..

13.15.18. Outdoor wiring for fire alarm systems should generally be laid in the ground or in a sewer.

If it is impossible to lay in this way, they can be laid along the outer walls of buildings and structures, under awnings, on cables or on supports between buildings outside streets and roads in accordance with the requirements (7) and (16).

13.15.19. The main and backup cable lines for the power supply of fire alarm systems should be laid along different routes, excluding the possibility of their simultaneous failure in the event of a fire at a controlled facility. The laying of such lines, as a rule, should be carried out on different cable structures.

Parallel laying of the indicated lines along the walls of the premises is allowed with a clear distance between them of at least 1 m.

Joint laying of the indicated cable lines is allowed, provided that at least one of them is laid in a box (pipe) made of non-combustible materials with a fire resistance limit of 0.75 hours.

13.15.20. Fire alarm loops, if necessary, are divided into sections by means of junction boxes.

If there is no visual control of the presence of power on fire detectors included in the radial fire alarm loop, it is recommended to provide a device at the end of the loop that provides visual control of its status (for example, a device with a flashing signal). If the fire detectors “wink” the indicator in the “normal” state, then it is not necessary to install the specified device. You can save money and not install UKSH (loop control device).

In the absence of such control, it is advisable to provide for the presence of a switching device, which must be installed in an accessible place and at an accessible height at the end of the loop to connect the means of such control. A socket for connecting a portable indicator is meant. Well, no one has been using it for a long time.

13.15.21. When controlling automatic fire extinguishing installations, radio channel communication lines must provide the necessary reliability of information transmission.

14. Interrelation of fire alarm systems with others

systems and engineering equipment of facilities

14.1. Formation of signals for automatic control of warning installations, smoke removal or engineering equipment of the facility should be carried out for a time not exceeding the difference between the minimum value of the time for blocking escape routes and the evacuation time after a fire alert.

Formation of signals for automatic control of fire extinguishing installations should be carried out in a time not exceeding the difference between the limiting time for the development of a fire source and the inertia of fire extinguishing installations, but no more than necessary for safe evacuation.

Formation of signals for automatic control of fire extinguishing installations, or smoke removal, or warning, or engineering equipment should be carried out when at least two fire detectors are activated, switched on according to the “AND” logic circuit. Here is a very subtle point that many do not notice. Note that we are talking exclusively about detectors connected according to the “AND” scheme. Do not confuse with detectors switched on according to the “OR” logic.

The placement of detectors in this case should be carried out at a distance of no more than half of the normative distance, determined according to tables 13.3-13.6, respectively.

Note - A distance of not more than half of the normative distance, determined according to tables 13.3-13.6, is taken between the detectors located along the walls, as well as along the length or width of the room (X or Y). The distance from the detector to the wall is determined according to tables 13.3 - 13.6 without reduction. Also a very important point. Either along the length or width of the room, the distances are reduced, and not everywhere and everywhere. Read a few times, get to the point and memorize.

14.2. Formation of control signals for warning systems of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th type according to, equipment for smoke protection, general ventilation and air conditioning, engineering equipment involved in ensuring the fire safety of the facility, as well as the formation of commands to turn off the power supply of consumers interlocked with fire automation systems , it is allowed to carry out when one fire detector is triggered that meets the recommendations set out in Appendix P. In this case, at least two detectors are installed in the room (part of the room), switched on according to the “OR” logic circuit. The placement of the detectors is carried out at a distance of no more than the normative one.

When using detectors that additionally meet the requirements of clause 13.3.3 a), b), c), it is allowed to install one fire detector in the room (part of the room). Read the requirements of clause 13.3.3 very carefully, as well as Appendix P. Not every detector can be installed 1 per room!

(clause 14.2 as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Russian Emergencies Ministry of 06/01/2011 N 274)

14.3. To generate a control command according to 14.1 in the protected room or protected zone, there must be at least:

three fire detectors when they are included in the loops of two-threshold devices or in three independent radial plume single-threshold devices;

four fire detectors when they are included in two loops of single-threshold devices, two detectors in each loop;

two fire detectors that meet the requirement of 13.3.3 (“a”, “b”, “c”), connected according to the “AND” logic circuit, provided that the faulty detector is replaced in a timely manner;

two fire detectors connected according to the OR logic, if the detectors provide an increased reliability of the fire signal.

Note - A single-threshold device is a device that generates a “Fire” signal when one fire detector in the loop is triggered. A two-threshold device is a device that generates a “Fire 1” signal when one fire detector is triggered and a “Fire 2” signal when a second fire detector is triggered in the same loop.

14.4. In a room with round-the-clock stay of duty personnel, notices should be displayed about a malfunction of monitoring and control devices installed outside this room, as well as communication lines, control and management of technical means of alerting people in case of fire and evacuation control, smoke protection, automatic fire extinguishing and other fire protection installations and devices.

The project documentation must define the recipient of the fire notice to ensure that the tasks in accordance with Section 17 are completed.

At objects of functional hazard class F 1.1 and F 4.1, fire notifications should be transmitted to fire departments via a duly allocated radio channel or other communication lines in automatic mode without the participation of facility personnel and any organizations broadcasting these signals. It is recommended to use technical means with resistance to electromagnetic interference not lower than the 3rd degree of rigidity in accordance with GOST R 53325-2009.

In the absence of personnel on duty at the facility, fire notices should be transmitted to the fire departments via a radio channel allocated in the established order or other communication lines in automatic mode.

At other facilities, if technically possible, it is recommended to duplicate automatic fire alarm signals about a fire to fire departments via a radio channel allocated in the established order or other communication lines in automatic mode.

At the same time, measures should be taken to improve the reliability of the fire notification, for example, the transmission of notifications “Attention”, “Fire”, etc.

(Clause 14.4 as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order No. 274 of the Russian Emergencies Ministry of 01.06.2011)

14.5. It is recommended to start the smoke ventilation system from smoke or gas fire detectors, including in the case of a fire extinguishing sprinkler installation at the facility.

The smoke ventilation system must be started from fire detectors:

if the response time of the automatic sprinkler fire extinguishing installation is longer than the time required for the smoke ventilation system to operate and to ensure safe evacuation;

if the fire extinguishing agent (water) of the water fire extinguishing sprinkler installation makes it difficult to evacuate people.

In other cases, smoke ventilation systems may be switched on from a fire extinguishing sprinkler installation.

(Clause 14.5 as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Russian Emergencies Ministry of 06/01/2011 N 274)

14.6. Simultaneous operation of automatic fire extinguishing systems (gas, powder and aerosol) and smoke protection systems in the protected premises is not allowed. Here is a very subtle point. Note that it says “simultaneous operation is not allowed”, and not the protection of the premises by these two systems at once. If you refer to SP 7.13130-2013, you will read that there are exceptions - for example, car parking. Of course, the algorithm of actions of smoke exhaust systems and, for example, powder extinguishing systems are linked in such a way that the two systems do not work simultaneously. First, the smoke exhaust system is activated and operates during the estimated evacuation time. Further, the smoke exhaust system is turned off and the powder fire extinguishing system is turned on. The systems are technically connected by a logical algorithm and interlocks, which excludes simultaneous activation.

15. Power supply of fire alarm systems

and fire extinguishing installations

15.1. According to the degree of ensuring the reliability of power supply, fire protection systems should be classified as category I in accordance with the Electrical Installation Rules, with the exception of compressor electric motors, pumps for drainage and pumping foam concentrate, belonging to category III power supply, as well as the cases specified in clauses 15.3, 15.4.

Power supply of fire protection systems for buildings of functional class fire hazard F1.1 with round-the-clock stay of people should be provided from three independent mutually redundant power sources, one of which should be autonomous power generators. An interesting requirement and almost never fulfilled. Two independent sources - yes, they are being established. And here are three - you rarely see them anywhere, especially autonomous power generators, i.e. I mean diesel generators. But remarks about the absence of a third source can be safely written - the point is quite legal.

(clause 15.1 as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Russian Emergencies Ministry of 01.06.2011 N 274)

15.2. The power supply of electrical receivers should be carried out in accordance with (7), taking into account the requirements of 15.3, 15.4.

15.3. If there is one power source (at facilities of category III power supply reliability), it is allowed to use batteries or uninterruptible power supplies as a backup power source for the power receivers specified in 15.1, which must provide power to the specified power receivers in standby mode for 24 hours plus 1 hour of operation fire automatics systems in alarm mode.

Note - It is allowed to limit the time of operation of the backup source in the alarm mode to 1.3 times the time of performing tasks by the fire automatics system.

When using the battery as a power source, the battery recharging mode must be provided.

15.4. If, according to local conditions, it is not possible to power the electrical receivers specified in 15.1 from two independent sources, it is allowed to power them from one source - from different transformers of a two-transformer substation or from two nearby single-transformer substations connected to different supply lines laid along different routes, with an automatic transfer device, usually on the low voltage side.

15.5. The location of the automatic transfer device centrally at the inputs of electrical receivers of automatic fire extinguishing installations and fire alarm systems or decentralized at electrical receivers of category I power supply reliability is determined depending on the relative position and conditions for laying supply lines to remote electrical receivers.

15.6. For electrical receivers of automatic fire extinguishing installations of category I power supply reliability, which have an automatically activated technological reserve (if there is one working and one standby pump), an automatic transfer device is not required.

15.7. In installations of water and foam fire extinguishing, the use of diesel power plants is allowed as a backup power supply.

15.8. In the case of power supply to electrical receivers of automatic fire extinguishing installations and a fire alarm system from a backup input, it is allowed, if necessary, to provide power to these electrical receivers by disconnecting electrical receivers of II and III categories of power supply reliability at the facility.

15.9. Protection electrical circuits automatic fire extinguishing installations and fire alarm systems must be carried out in accordance with (7).

It is not allowed to install thermal and maximum protection in the control circuits of automatic fire extinguishing installations, the shutdown of which can lead to a failure in the supply of fire extinguishing agent to the fire source.

15.10. When using the battery as a power source, the battery recharging mode must be provided.

16. Protective earth and nulling.

Safety requirements

16.1. Elements of electrical equipment of automatic fire extinguishing installations and fire alarm systems must meet the requirements of GOST 12.2.007.0 on the method of protecting a person from electric shock.

16.2. Protective grounding (zeroing) of fire automatics electrical equipment must be carried out in accordance with the requirements (7), (16), GOST 12.1.030 and the technical documentation of the manufacturer.

Note - Electrical technical means of fire automatics belonging to the same system, but located in buildings and structures that do not belong to a common ground loop, must be galvanically isolated.

16.3. Local start devices of automatic fire extinguishing installations must be protected from accidental access and sealed, with the exception of local start devices installed in the premises of a fire extinguishing station or fire posts.

16.4. When using radioisotope smoke detectors to protect various objects, the radiation safety requirements set forth in (18), (19) must be observed.

17. General provisions taken into account when choosing technical

fire automatics

17.1. When choosing the types of fire detectors, control panels and control devices, it is necessary to be guided by the tasks for which the fire automation system is intended as component fire safety systems of the facility in accordance with GOST 12.1.004:

a) ensuring fire safety of people;

b) ensuring fire safety of material assets;

c) ensuring fire safety of people and material values.

17.2. Technical means of fire detection and control signal generation should generate control signals:

a) to turn on the means of warning and evacuation control - for the time that ensures the evacuation of people before the onset of the limit values ​​\u200b\u200bof hazardous fire factors;

b) to turn on fire extinguishing equipment - for the time at which the fire can be extinguished (or localized);

c) to turn on the means of smoke protection - for the time at which the passage of people along the evacuation routes is ensured before the limit values ​​​​of dangerous fire factors are reached;

d) to control technological devices involved in the operation of fire protection systems, for the time specified by the technological regulations.

17.3. The technical means of fire automatics must have parameters and designs that ensure safe and normal functioning under the influence of the environment in which they are located.

17.4. Technical means, the reliability of which cannot be determined in the range of external influences, must have automatic performance monitoring.

Note - Technical means with automatic performance monitoring are recognized as technical means that have control of components that make up at least 80% of the failure rate of the technical means.

Following are the required and recommended attachments that define the reference data. We will not publish applications, as there is nothing special to comment on applications. Open Document SP5.13130-2009, read all attachments and memorize.

This concludes Lesson 24, as well as Document SP 5.13130-2009.

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The number of point fire detectors installed in the room is determined by the need to solve two main tasks: ensuring high reliability of the fire alarm system and high reliability of the fire signal (low probability of generating a false alarm signal).

First of all, it is necessary to designate the functions performed by the fire alarm system, namely, whether the fire protection systems (fire extinguishing, warning, smoke removal, etc.) are triggered by the signal from the fire detectors, or the system only provides a fire alarm in the premises of the staff on duty .

If the only function of the system is to signal a fire, then it can be assumed that Negative consequences during the formation of a false alarm signal are negligible. Based on this premise, in rooms whose area does not exceed the area protected by one detector (according to tables 13.3, 13.5), to improve the reliability of the system, two detectors are installed, switched on according to the OR logic circuit (a fire signal is generated when any one of two installed detectors). In this case, in case of uncontrolled failure of one of the detectors, the fire detection function will be performed by the second one. If the detector is capable of testing itself and transmitting information about its malfunction to the control panel (meets the requirements of clause 13.3.3 b), c)), then one detector can be installed in the room. In large rooms, detectors are installed at a standard distance .

Similarly, for flame detectors, each point of the protected premises must be controlled by two detectors connected according to the OR logic scheme (a technical error was made in paragraph 13.8. logic circuit "OR"), or one detector that meets the requirements of clause 13.3.3 b), c).

If it is necessary to generate a control signal for a fire protection system, then when designing, the design organization must determine whether this signal will be generated from one detector, which is acceptable for the systems listed in clause 14.2, or whether the signal will be generated according to clause 14.1, i.e. e. when two detectors are triggered (logical "AND").

The use of the "AND" logical scheme makes it possible to increase the reliability of the formation of a fire signal, since a false operation of one detector will not cause the formation of a control signal. This algorithm is required to control fire extinguishing and warning systems of the 5th type. To control other systems, you can get by with an alarm signal from one detector, but only if the false activation of these systems does not lead to a decrease in the level of people's safety and / or unacceptable material losses. The rationale for such a decision should be displayed in the explanatory note to the project. In this case, it is necessary to apply technical solutions to improve the reliability of the formation of a fire signal. Such solutions may include the use of so-called "intelligent" detectors that provide analysis physical characteristics fire factors and (or) the dynamics of their change, giving information about their critical state (dust content, pollution), using the function of re-requesting the state of the detectors, taking measures to exclude (reduce) the impact on the detector of factors similar to fire factors and capable of causing false alarms.

If during the design it was decided to generate control signals for fire protection systems from one detector, then the requirements for the number and arrangement of detectors coincide with the above requirements for systems that perform only the signaling function. The requirements of clause 14.3 do not apply.

If the fire protection system control signal is generated from two detectors switched on, in accordance with clause 14.1, according to the “AND” logical scheme, then the requirements of clause 14.3 come into force. The need to increase the number of detectors to three, or even four, in rooms with a smaller area controlled by one detector, follows from the high reliability of the system in order to maintain its performance in the event of an uncontrolled failure of one detector. When using detectors with a self-test function and transmitting information about their malfunction to the control panel (meets the requirements of clause 13.3.3 b), c)) two detectors necessary for the implementation of the "AND" function can be installed in the room, but on condition that the operability of the system is maintained by the timely replacement of the failed detector.

In large rooms, in order to save the time of generating a fire signal from two detectors, switched on according to the “AND” logical scheme, the detectors are installed at a distance of no more than half of the standard one, so that the fire factors reach and trigger two detectors in a timely manner. This requirement applies to detectors located along the walls and to detectors along one of the axes of the ceiling (at the choice of the designer). The distance between the detectors and the wall remains standard.

Application of GOTV Freon 114V2

In accordance with the International Documents for the Protection of the Earth's Ozone Layer (the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Earth's Ozone Layer and a number of amendments to it) and Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1000 dated December 19, 2000 "On specifying the time frame for the implementation of state regulation measures for the production of ozone-depleting substances in the Russian Federation, the production of Freon 114V2 has been discontinued.

In pursuance of International agreements and the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation, the use of freon 114B2 in newly designed installations and installations whose service life has expired is recognized as inappropriate.

As an exception, the use of freon 114V2 in AUGP is provided for fire protection of especially important (unique) objects, with the permission of the Ministry natural resources Russian Federation.

For fire protection of objects with the presence of electronic equipment (telephone exchanges, server rooms, etc.), ozone-non-destructive freons 125 (C2 F5H) and 227 ea (C3F7H) are used.

We bring to your attention the answers to questions in accordance with GOST R 53325-2009 and the Code of Rules (SP 5.13130.2009), which are given by specialists of the Federal State Institution VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia Vladimir Leonidovich Zdor, Deputy Head of the Research Center for Fire and Rescue Equipment, and Andrey Arkadievich Kosachev, Deputy Head of the Research Center for Fire Prevention and Fire Emergency Prevention.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

GOST R 53325-2009

clause 4.2.5.5. “... If it is possible to externally switch the technical characteristics of fire detectors, the following requirements must be met:

- each value of the set technical characteristic must correspond to a certain marking on the fire detector, or this value must be available for control with the control panel;
- after mounting the fire detector, there should not be direct access to the adjustment means.

Question: If non-addressed smoke detector has 3 levels of sensitivity programmed from an external remote control, in what form should this be reflected on the detector label?

Answer: The marking of the detector, if it is possible to adjust its sensitivity, is applied at the location of the adjustment element. If the detector is adjusted from an external control panel, then information about the set value must be read either from the control panel or from the service equipment (the same external control panel).

clause 4.9.1.5. "... The components of the IPDL (receiver and transmitter of a two-component IPDL and the transceiver of a single-component IPDL) must have adjustment devices that allow you to change the angle of inclination of the axis of the optical beam and the aperture of directivity of the IPDL in the vertical and horizontal planes."

Question: Most likely, did you mean “IPDL pattern”?

Answer: There is definitely a typo in the text. It should read "beam pattern".

clause 4.9.3. "Methods for certification testing of optical-electronic line fire smoke detectors." 4.9.3.1. “... Determining the threshold of operation of the IPDL and interrupting the optical beam of the IPDL is carried out as follows. Using a set of optical attenuators, installed as close as possible to the receiver to minimize scattering effects in the attenuators, the detector threshold is determined by successively increasing the attenuation of the optical beam. If, after installing the attenuator, within no more than 10 s, the IPDL generates a “Fire” signal, then the value of the detector response threshold is fixed. The threshold value of each detector is determined once.
IPDL transferred to standby mode. An opaque partition blocks the optical beam for a time (1.0 ± 0.1 s). Control the preservation of IPDL standby mode. Then, the optical beam is blocked with an opaque partition for a time of 2.0 ± 2.5 s. The issuance of the IPDL signal "Fault" is controlled.
The IPDL is considered to have passed the test if the measured response thresholds meet the requirements specified in 4.9.1.1, the ratio of the maximum and minimum response thresholds does not exceed 1.6, the IPDL retained the standby mode when the optical beam was blocked for a time (1.0 ± 0.1) s and issued a notification "Fault" when the optical beam was blocked for a time (2.0 ± 0.1) s.

Question: Why in clause 4.9.1.10 this document the requirement is “more than 2 s”, but here the range is (2.0 ± 0.1) s?

Answer: An error has been made while editing the document. The time value indicated in paragraph 3 of the clause ((2.0 ± 0.1) s) should be read as in paragraph 2 ((2.0 ± 2.5) s).

clause 4.10.1.2. “... In terms of sensitivity, aspiration detectors should be divided into three classes:

- class A - high sensitivity (less than 0.035 dB / m);
- class B - increased sensitivity (in the range from 0.035 to 0.088 dB / m);
- class C - standard sensitivity (more than 0.088 dB/m").

Question: Is it correct to understand that this paragraph refers to the sensitivity of the detector processing unit itself, and not the sensitivity of the hole?

Answer: The sensitivity of the aspiration detector cannot be considered separately: the sensitivity of the hole and the sensitivity of the processing unit, since this detector is a single technical tool. It should be noted that smoky air can enter the processing unit from more than one opening.

clause 6.2.5.2. "...Fire annunciators should not have external volume controls."

Question: What is the reason for this requirement?

Answer: The volume level created by voice annunciators is regulated by the requirements of clause 6.2.1.9. The presence of a volume control available for unauthorized access negates the fulfillment of the requirement of this paragraph.

clause 7.1.14. “... FACPs interacting with fire detectors via a radio channel communication line must ensure the reception and processing of the transmitted value of the controlled fire factor, analysis of the dynamics of this factor change and decision-making about the occurrence of a fire or a malfunction of the detector.”

Question: Does this requirement mean that all radio channel fire detectors must be analog?

Answer: The requirement applies to the control panel, not to the detectors.

SP 5.13130.20099

clause 13.2. "Requirements for the organization of fire alarm control zones."

clause 13.2.1.“... With one fire alarm loop with fire detectors (one pipe for air sampling in the case of an aspiration detector), which does not have an address, it is allowed to equip a control zone, including:

- premises located on no more than two interconnected floors, with a total area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe premises of 300 m2 or less;
- up to ten isolated and adjacent premises with a total area of ​​​​not more than 1600 m2, located on one floor of the building, while the isolated premises must have access to a common corridor, hall, lobby, etc.;
- up to twenty isolated and adjacent rooms with a total area of ​​​​not more than 1600 m2, located on one floor of the building, while isolated rooms must have access to a common corridor, hall, vestibule, etc., if there is a remote light signaling of fire detectors above entrance to each controlled room;
- conventional fire alarm loops should unite the premises in accordance with their division into protection zones. In addition, fire alarm loops must connect the premises in such a way that the time for determining the place of fire by the on-duty personnel with semi-automatic control does not exceed 1/5 of the time, after which it is possible to safely evacuate people and extinguish the fire. If the specified time exceeds the given value, the control shall be automatic.
Maximum amount non-address fire detectors powered by an alarm loop must ensure the registration of all notifications provided for in the control panel used.

Question: Maximum number of rooms controlled by one aspirating detector pipe?

Answer: One aspiration detector can protect as many rooms located in accordance with clause 13.2.1 as one unaddressed wired alarm loop with fire point detectors, taking into account the area protected by one aspiration detector.

clause 13.9.4. “... When installing pipes of aspiration smoke fire detectors in rooms with a width of less than 3 m, or under a raised floor, or above a false ceiling and in other spaces with a height of less than 1.7 m, the distances between the air sampling pipes and the wall indicated in Table 13.6 may be increased by 1, 5 times."

Question: Does this item also allow a distance increase of 1.5 times between the air sampling holes in the pipes?

Answer: The location of the air sampling openings, as well as their size, in the aspiration detector is determined by technical specifications these detectors, taking into account the aerodynamics of the air flow in the pipes and near the air sampling openings. As a rule, information about this is calculated using a mathematical apparatus developed by the manufacturer of the aspiration detector.

GOST R 53325-2009 and SP 5.13130.2009: contradictions

1. Stability of technical means to electromagnetic interference.

To exclude equipment failures, including false alarms of fire protection systems, in terms of electromagnetic compatibility, our country has a fairly serious regulatory framework. On the other hand, in the Code of Rules of SP 5.13130.2009, its developers remained in their old positions: clause 13.14.2. "... Fire control devices, fire control devices and other equipment operating in fire automation installations and systems must be resistant to electromagnetic interference with a degree of rigidity not lower than the second according to GOST R 53325."

Question: Do the detectors belong to the above "other equipment"?

(In all European countries, the EN 50130-4-95 standard applies. This standard establishes the requirements for electromagnetic compatibility for absolutely all security systems (OPS, ACS, SOT, SOUE, ISO), including fire alarms and automation).

Question: The lower limit of compliance with the requirements of this technical safety equipment standard is our Russian 3rd degree of rigidity?

Answer: In the National Standard GOST R 51699-2000 “The compatibility of technical means is electromagnetic. Resistance to electromagnetic interference of technical means of burglar alarms. Requirements and test methods» harmonization with the above EN 50130-4-95 was carried out, which once again proves the inexpediency of using in modern conditions electromagnetic environment of technical facilities with the 2nd degree of rigidity as the main sources of failures in systems.

Question: In accordance with what recommendations can and should the required degree of rigidity be chosen in order to fulfill the requirements of paragraph 17.3 of SP5.13130.2009 "Technical means of fire automatics must have parameters and designs that ensure safe and normal functioning under the influence of their environment"?

Answer: Resistance of technical means (TS) to electromagnetic interference (EMI).

To increase the protection of the vehicle from EMF, it is necessary to complicate both the electrical circuit diagram and the design of the vehicle, which leads to their rise in price. There are objects where the EMF level is very low. The use of vehicles with a high degree of EMF protection at such facilities becomes economically unprofitable. When a designer chooses a TS for a particular object, the degree of rigidity of the TS execution in terms of EMC should be selected taking into account the magnitude of the EMF at the object according to generally accepted methods.

2. Fire tests of fire detectors.

Questions:

a) Why, when transferring the requirements of GOST R 50898 “Fire detectors. Fire tests" in Annex H of GOST R 53325 "Fire fighting equipment. Technical means of fire automatics. General technical requirements. Test Methods” from the procedure for conducting fire tests, were graphs of the dependence of optical density on the concentration of combustion products and the optical density of the medium on time (Fig. L1-L.12) for test fires removed? The lack of control over the development of test fires will allow accredited testing laboratories to make incorrect measurements, which can discredit the tests themselves?

b) Why did the procedure for placing the tested detectors disappear from the procedure for conducting fire tests?

c) In paragraph 13.1.1 of the Code of Rules of the joint venture

5.13130.2009 provides that: "... It is recommended to select the type of a point smoke detector in accordance with its sensitivity to various types of smoke." At the same time, in the procedure for conducting fire tests, Appendix H of GOST R 53325 removes the classification of detectors according to sensitivity to test fires. Is it justified? There was a good method of selection.

Answer: The introduction of simplification into the process of conducting fire tests in comparison with the provisions of GOST R 50898 was made in order to reduce their cost. As practice has shown, the test results according to Annex H of GOST R 53325 and GOST R 50898 have minor discrepancies and do not significantly affect the content of the test conclusions.

3. Fire detectors, installation rules.

In SP 5.13130.2009 Appendix II there is a table with the distances from the upper point of overlap to the measuring element of the detector at various angles of inclination of the overlap and the height of the room. A reference to Appendix P is given in clause 13.3.4: “Point fire detectors should be installed under the ceiling. If it is not possible to install detectors directly on the ceiling, they can be installed on cables, as well as walls, columns and other supporting building structures. When installing point detectors on walls, they should be placed at a distance of at least 0.5 m from the corner and at a distance from the ceiling in accordance with Appendix II. The distance from the top point of the ceiling to the detector at its installation site and depending on the height of the room and the shape of the ceiling can be determined in accordance with Appendix P or at other heights, if the detection time is sufficient to perform fire protection tasks in accordance with GOST 12.1.004, which must be confirmed by calculation ... ".

Questions:

Answer: Point fire detectors should include point heat, smoke and gas fire detectors.

b) What distances from the ceiling to the measuring element of the detector are recommended when detectors are installed near the ridge and near the sloping ceiling in the middle part of the room? In which case is it recommended to adhere to the minimum distances, and in which maximum - according to Appendix P?

Answer: In places where the convective flow “flows”, for example, under the “horse”, the distance from the ceiling is chosen large according to Appendix P.

c) At angles of inclination of the overlap up to 15 arc. deg., and consequently, for horizontal ceilings, minimum distances from the ceiling to the measuring element of the detector, recommended in Appendix P, are from 30 to 150 mm, depending on the height of the room. In this regard, is it recommended to install the detectors directly on the ceiling using brackets to meet the recommendations given in Appendix P?

d) Which document contains the methodology for calculating the performance of fire protection tasks, in accordance with GOST 12.1.004, when detectors are installed at other heights than those recommended in Appendix P?

e) How should the deviation from the requirements of paragraph 13.5.1 of SP5 in terms of the height of the installation of the IDPL be confirmed, and where is the methodology for carrying out the calculations indicated in the note?

Answer (d, e): The method for determining the time of occurrence of the limit values ​​of fire hazards that are dangerous to a person at the level of his head is given in Appendix 2 of GOST 12.1.004.
The time of fire detection by fire detectors is carried out according to the same method, taking into account the height of their location and the values ​​​​of fire hazards at which the detectors are triggered.

f) When detailed consideration requirements of paragraph 13.3.8 of SP5 there are obvious contradictions in the content of tables 13.1 and 13.2. So, if there are linear beams on the ceiling at a room height of up to 3 m, the distance between the detectors should not exceed 2.3 m. in this case, the same or more stringent requirements for distances between PI?

Answer: In the event that the size of the floor area formed by the beams is less than the protection area provided by one fire detector, table 13.1 should be used.
In this case, the distance between the detectors located across the beams decreases due to poor spreading of the convective flow under the ceiling.
With a cellular structure, spreading is better, due to the fact that small cells are filled with warm air faster than large compartments with a linear arrangement of beams. Therefore, detectors are installed less frequently.

SP 5.13130.2009. In the requirements for the installation of point smoke and heat detectors, reference is made to clause 13.3.7:

clause 13.4.1. “... The area controlled by one point smoke detector, as well as the maximum distance between the detectors, the detector and the wall, with the exception of cases specified in 13.3.7, must be determined according to table 13.3, but not exceeding the values ​​\u200b\u200bspecified in the technical specifications and passports on detectors of specific types.

clause 13.6.1. The area controlled by one point heat fire detector, as well as the maximum distance between the detectors, the detector and the wall, except for the cases specified in clause 13.3.7, must be determined according to table 13.5, but not exceeding the values ​​\u200b\u200bspecified in the technical specifications and passports for announcers".

However, no cases are specified in clause 13.3.7:
clause 13.3.7. The distances between the detectors, as well as between the wall and the detectors, given in tables 13.3 and 13.5, can be changed within the area given in tables 13.3 and 13.5.

Question: Does it follow from this that when arranging detectors, only the average area protected by a fire detector can be taken into account, without observing the maximum allowable distances between the detectors and from the detector to the wall?

Answer: When arranging point fire detectors, one can take into account the area protected by one detector, taking into account the nature of the spreading of the convective flow under the ceiling.

clause 13.3.10"... When installing point smoke detectors in rooms with a width of less than 3 m or under a raised floor or above a false ceiling and in other spaces with a height of less than 1.7 m, the distances between the detectors indicated in Table 13.3 may be increased by 1.5 times."

Questions:

a) Why is it said that it is allowed to increase only the distance between the detectors, but it is not said about the possibility of increasing the distance from the detector to the wall?

Answer: Since, due to the limitation of the spreading of the convective flow by the structures of the walls and ceiling, the flow is directed along a limited space, the distance between the point detectors is increased only along a narrow space.

b) How does the requirement of clause 13.3.10 compare with the content of clause 13.3.7, where in all cases it is allowed to provide only the average area protected by a fire detector, without observing the maximum allowable distances between the detectors and from the detector to the wall?

Answer: For narrow spaces no more than 3 m in size, the spreading of smoke is still difficult.

Since clause 13.3.7 refers to a possible change in distances within the protection area provided by one detector, then clause 13.3.10, in addition to clause 13.3.7, states that it is permissible to increase the distance by only 1.5 times for such zones .

clause 13.3.3.“... In the protected premises or allocated parts of the premises, it is allowed to install one automatic fire detector if the following conditions are simultaneously met:

... c) identification of a faulty detector using light indication and the possibility of replacing it by the duty personnel for set time, determined in accordance with Appendix 0…”.

Questions:

a) Does SP 5.13130.2009, paragraph 13.3.3, subparagraph c) allow identification of a faulty detector using light indication on the control panel or on the control panel / control panel display panel?

Answer: clause 13.3.3 allows any means of determining the malfunction of the detectors and its location for its replacement.

b) How should the time for detection of a malfunction and replacement of the detector be determined? Are there ways to calculate this time for different types of objects?

Answer: The operation of facilities without a fire safety system, where such a system is required, is not allowed.

Since the failure of this system, the following options are possible:

1) the technological process is suspended until the system is restored, taking into account clause 02 of Appendix 0;

2) the functions of the system are transferred to the responsible personnel if the personnel is able to replace the functions of the system. It depends on the dynamics of the fire, the scope of functions performed, etc.

3) a reserve is introduced. The reserve (“cold” reserve can be entered manually (replacement) by the staff on duty or automatically if there are no duplicate detectors (“hot” reserve), taking into account clause O1 of Appendix O.

The operating parameters of the system must be given in the design documentation for the system, depending on the parameters and significance of the protected object. At the same time, the system recovery time given in the project documentation should not exceed the allowable time for the suspension of the technological process or the time for transferring functions to the duty personnel.

clause 14.3.“... To form a control command according to clause 14.1 in the protected room or protected area, there must be at least:

• three fire detectors when they are included in the loops of two-threshold devices or in three independent radial loops of single-threshold devices;
• four fire detectors when they are included in two loops of single-threshold devices, two detectors in each loop;
• two fire detectors that meet the requirements of clause 13.3.3 (a, b, c), connected according to the “AND” logic circuit, provided that the faulty detector is replaced in a timely manner;
• two fire detectors connected according to the OR logic, if the detectors provide increased reliability of the fire signal.

Questions:

a) How to determine the timeliness of replacing a faulty detector? What time should be considered necessary and sufficient to replace the detector? Do you mean Annex O in this case?

Answer: The allowable time for introducing a reserve manually is determined based on the standard level of human safety in case of fire, the accepted level of material losses in case of fire, as well as the probability of fire at the facility of this type. This time interval is limited by the condition that the probability of exposure to dangerous fire factors on people during a fire does not exceed the normative one. To estimate this time, the methodology of Appendix 2 of GOST 12.1.004 can be used. Estimates of material losses - according to the methodology of Appendix 4 GOST 12.1.004.

b) What should be understood by the increased reliability of the fire signal? Do you mean taking into account the recommendations set out in Appendix P? Or something different?

Answer: In the near future, requirements will be introduced for the mandatory parameters of technical means of fire automatics, as well as methods for their verification during tests, one of which is the reliability of a fire signal.

Technical means using the methods given in Appendix R, when tested for the effects of factors not related to fire, have a greater reliability of the fire signal compared to conventional detectors, which are switched on according to the logic "AND" to increase reliability.

4. Alert

SP 5.13130.2009 clause 13.3.3. It is allowed to install one automatic fire detector in the protected premises or allocated parts of the premises, if the following conditions are simultaneously met:

... d) when a fire detector is triggered, a signal is not generated to control fire extinguishing installations or fire warning systems of the 5th type according to, as well as other systems, the false operation of which can lead to unacceptable material losses or a decrease in the level of people's safety.

SP 5.13130.2009 clause 14.2. Formation of control signals for warning systems of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd type for smoke removal, engineering equipment controlled by a fire alarm system, and other equipment, the false operation of which cannot lead to unacceptable material losses or a decrease in the level of people's safety, is allowed to be carried out when one fire detector, taking into account the recommendations set out in Appendix R. The number of fire detectors in the room is determined in accordance with section 13.

Questions:

Regarding the 4th type of notification, there is a contradiction. In accordance with clause 13.3.3 d), it is allowed to install ONE detector on the premises (naturally, if the other conditions of clause 13.3.3 are met) when generating a control signal for a Type 4 notification. In accordance with Section 14, the formation of control signals for a type 4 notification should be carried out when at least 2 detectors are triggered, which means that their number in the room should be determined in accordance with clause 14.3. Which of the conditions should be considered decisive in terms of the number of detectors installed in the room and the condition for generating control signals on the type 4 COME?

Answer: clause 13.3.3, paras. d) does not exclude the installation of one fire detector while simultaneously fulfilling the conditions a), b), c) to generate control signals for fire warning systems and evacuation management (SOUE) of the 4th type in case this does not lead to a decrease in the level of safety people and unacceptable material losses in case of fire. In this case, fire detectors must protect the entire area of ​​the control zone, be controlled, and it must also be possible to replace faulty detectors in a timely manner.
Increasing the reliability of the fire detection system is provided in this case manually.
Insufficient reliability of the fire signal when using a single conventional detector can lead to an increase in false alarms. If the level of false alarms does not lead to a decrease in the level of people's safety and unacceptable material losses, such a variant of the formation of the control signal of the 4th type SOUE can be adopted.
In clause 14.2, it is allowed to generate a signal to start the SOUE of types 1-3 from one fire detector with increased reliability of the fire signal without switching on the reserve, i.e. with reduced reliability, also if this does not lead to a decrease in the level of people's safety and unacceptable material losses in the event of a detector failure.
The options for generating the control signal of the SOUE, given in clauses 13.3.3 and 14.2, suggest justification for ensuring the level of safety of people and material losses in a fire when these options are used.
Options for generating control signals, given in clause 14.1. and 14.3 does not imply such justifications.
In accordance with paragraph A3 of Appendix A, the design organization independently chooses protection options depending on the technological, design, space-planning features and parameters of the protected objects.
Art. 84 p. 7.... It is determined that the fire alarm system must function during the time necessary for evacuation.

Questions:

a) Should the sirens, as elements of the warning system, also be resistant to the effects of temperatures characteristic of a developed fire? The same question can be raised in relation to power supplies, as well as control devices.

Answer: The requirement applies to all components of the SOUE, depending on their location.

b) If the requirements of an article of the law apply only to communication lines of warning systems, which in this case must be carried out with a fire-resistant cable, should switching elements, switchboards, etc., also be fire-resistant?

Answer: The stability of the technical means of the SOUE to the effects of fire factors is ensured by their execution, as well as their placement in structures, rooms, and areas of rooms.

c) If we assume that the fire resistance requirements do not apply to the sirens located in the room in which the fire occurs, since people are evacuated from this room in the first place, should the conditions for stability of communication lines with the sirens installed in various premises, upon destruction of annunciators of the emergency room?

Answer: The stability of electrical connecting lines must be ensured unconditionally.

d) What regulatory documents regulate the methodology for assessing the fire resistance of the elements of the warning system (NPB 248, GOST 53316 or others)?

Answer: Methods for assessing stability (resistance) from the effects of fire factors are given in NPB 248, GOST R 53316, as well as in Appendix 2 of GOST 12.1.004 (for assessing the time to reach the maximum temperature at the location).

e) In which paragraph of the joint venture are the requirements for the duration of the uninterrupted operation of the SOUE? If in paragraph 4.3 of SP6, then a significant amount of previously manufactured and certified equipment does not meet these requirements (an increase in the time of operation in alarm by 3 times compared to the requirements of NPB 77).

Answer: The requirement of clause 4.3 of SP 6.13130.2009 applies to power sources. At the same time, it is not excluded to limit the power supply in the alarm mode to 1.3 times the task execution time.

f) Is it possible to use receiving and control devices with the function of monitoring the control circuits of remote annunciators as control devices for the SOUE at the facilities? This refers to PPKP that meet the requirements of clause 7.2.2.1 (а-е) of GOST R 53325-2009 for PPU (“Granit-16”, “Grand Master”, etc.).

Answer: Control and receiving devices that combine control functions must be classified and certified as devices that combine functions.

Source: "Security Algorithm" No. 5 2009

Questions on the application of SP 5.13130.2009

Question: Should the provisions of clause 13.3.3 of SP 5.13130.2009 be applied to addressable fire detectors?

Answer:

The provisions of clause 13.3.3 are as follows:
“In the protected premises or allocated parts of the premises, it is allowed to install one automatic fire detector if the following conditions are simultaneously met:


c) detection of a faulty detector is ensured and the possibility of its replacement within the set time, determined in accordance with Appendix O;

Addressable detectors are called addressable because of the ability to determine their location by their address, determined by the addressable control panel. One of the main provisions that determine the possibility of applying clause 13.3.3 is the provision of clauses. b). Addressable detectors must have automatic performance monitoring. In accordance with the provision of clause 17.4, Note - “Technical means with automatic performance monitoring are technical means that have control of components that make up at least 80% of the failure rate of the technical means.” “Technical means whose reliability in the range of external influences cannot be determined , should have automatic health monitoring. If it is impossible to determine a faulty fire detector in the address system, it does not comply with the provisions of paragraphs. b). In addition, the provision of clause 13.3.3 can only be applied if the provision of clause 13.3.3 is provided. in). Estimation of the time required to replace a failed detector with a performance monitoring function for objects with an established fire probability when one detector is installed in accordance with clause 13.3.3 of SP 5.13130.2009 is carried out based on the following assumptions in the following sequence.

Answer:
According to SP5.13130.2009, Appendix A, Table 2A, Note 3, GOST R IEC 60332-3-22 is indicated, which provides a method for calculating the combustible mass of cables. You can also see the named technique in the electronic magazine "I am an electrician." In the journal, the calculation method is given with detailed explanations. The amount of combustible mass, for different types of cables, can be found on the Kolchuginsky website cable plant(www.elcable.ru), in the section background information on the technical help page. I ask you not to forget that behind the suspended ceilings, in addition to cables, a large number of other communications have been laid, and they can also burn under certain conditions.

Question: In what cases should an APS ceiling space be equipped?

Answer:
The need to equip the APS ceiling space is determined in accordance with the provision of clause A4 of Appendix A to SP 5.13130.2009.

Question: Which fire detection system should be preferred for the earliest possible fire detection?

Answer:
When using technical means, one should be guided by the principle of reasonable sufficiency. Technical means must fulfill the tasks of the goal at their minimum price. Early fire detection is primarily related to the type of fire detector and its placement. When choosing a detector type, the dominant fire factor should be determined. In the absence of experience, you can use the calculation methods for calculating the time of occurrence of the limit values ​​​​of fire hazards (blocking time). The fire factor, the onset time of which is minimal, is predominant. By the same method, the time of fire detection by various technical means is determined. When solving the first target task - ensuring the safe evacuation of people, the required maximum fire detection time is determined as the difference between the blocking time and the evacuation time. The resulting time, reduced by at least 20%, is the criterion for choosing technical means of fire detection. At the same time, the time of generating a fire signal by the control panel is also taken into account, taking into account its algorithm for processing signals from fire detectors.

Question: In what cases should information about a fire be transmitted to the control panel 01, incl. over the radio?

Answer:
Fire alarms are not used for themselves, but to achieve the goals of the goal: the unconditional protection of life and health of people and the protection of material values. In the case when fire extinguishing functions are performed by fire departments, a fire signal must be transmitted unconditionally and in time, taking into account the location of this unit and its equipment. The choice of transmission method, taking into account local characteristics, is the responsibility of the design organization. It should always be remembered that the cost of equipment is a small part of the funds compared to the losses from a fire.

Question: Should only cables with high fire resistance be used in fire protection systems?

Answer:
When using cables, one should be guided, as always, by the principle of reasonable sufficiency. Moreover, any decisions require their justification. SP 5.13130.2009 and the new edition of SP 6.13130.2009 require the use of cables that ensure their durability for the duration of tasks in accordance with the purpose of the systems in which they are used. If the contractor is not able to justify the use of cable, then cables with maximum fire resistance can be used, which is a more expensive solution. As a methodology for justifying the use of cables, a method for calculating the time for the onset of the limit values ​​of fire factors dangerous to humans can be used. Instead of temperature limits for a person, temperature values ​​\u200b\u200bare set that are limiting for cables of a certain type. The time of occurrence of the limit value at the height of the cable suspension is determined. The time from the start of the impact to the failure of the cable can be taken equal to zero.

Question:
What method can be applied to calculate the operating time of the ng-LS cable of fire alarm connecting lines, which would comply with Article 103 No. 123-FZ of July 22, 2008, will the use of the ng-LS cable and time calculations be sufficient for detecting fire factors by detectors and transmitting an alarm signal to other fire protection systems, including notification.

Answer:
To calculate the operating time of the cable, you can apply the method for calculating the critical duration of a fire by the limiting temperature at the height of the cable placement according to the method for determining the calculated values ​​​​of fire risk in buildings, structures and structures of various classes of functional fire hazard, order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation No. 382 of 06/30/2009. When choosing the type of cable in accordance with the requirements of Art. 103 of the Federal Law No. 123-FZ of 06/22/2008, it is necessary to ensure not only the preservation of the operability of wires and cables in fire conditions for the time necessary for the components of these systems to perform tasks, taking into account the specific location, but also the wires and cables must ensure operability equipment not only in the fire zone, but also in other zones and floors in the event of a fire or high temperatures along the cable line laying paths.

Question:
What does p.13.3.7 of SP 5.13130.2009 mean "The distances between the detectors, as well as between the wall and the detectors can be changed within the area shown in tables 13.3 and 13.5"?

Answer:
The protection areas for heat, smoke and gas point detectors are set in tables 13.3 and 13.5. The convective flow that occurs when a fire occurs in the absence of environmental influences and structures has the shape of a cone. The design features of the room can affect the shape of the convective flow, as well as its spreading under the ceiling. In this case, the values ​​of the released heat, smoke and gas are also preserved for the changed form of the spreading flow. In this regard, in clause 13.3.10 of SP 5.13130.2009, instructions are directly given to increase the distances between detectors in narrow rooms and overhead spaces.

Question: How many heat detectors should be installed in apartment hallways?

Answer:
The amended version of Annex A SP 5.13130.2009 does not provide for the installation of heat fire detectors. The choice of the detector type is carried out when designing, taking into account the features of the protected object. One of the best solutions is to install smoke detectors. In this case, one should proceed from the condition of the earliest formation of a fire signal. The number of detectors is determined in accordance with the provisions of clause 13.3.3, clause 14.1, 14.2, 14.3 of SP 5.13130.2009.

Question: Should the “Exit” indicator be on all the time, or does it only turn on in case of fire?

Answer:
The provision of clause 5.2 of SP 3.13130.2009 quite definitely answers the question: “Exit light annunciators ... should be turned on for the time people stay in them.”

Question: How many fire detectors should be installed in the room?

Answer:
The provisions of SP 5.13130.2009, as amended, fully answer the question posed:
"13.3.3 It is allowed to install one automatic fire detector in the protected premises or allocated parts of the premises, if the following conditions are simultaneously met:
a) area of ​​the room more area protected by a fire detector, specified in the technical documentation for it, and not more than the average area specified in tables 13.3-13.6;
b) automatic monitoring of the fire detector performance under the influence of environmental factors is provided, confirming the performance of its functions, and a notice of serviceability (malfunction) is generated on the control panel;
c) detection of a faulty detector and the possibility of its replacement within a specified time, determined in accordance with Appendix O;
d) upon activation of a fire detector, a signal is not generated to control fire extinguishing installations or fire warning systems of the 5th type according to SP 3.13130, as well as other systems, the false operation of which can lead to unacceptable material losses or a decrease in the level of people's safety.
"14.1 Formation of signals for automatic control of warning systems, fire extinguishing installations, smoke protection equipment, general ventilation, air conditioning, engineering equipment of the facility, as well as other actuators of systems involved in ensuring fire safety, should be carried out from two fire detectors switched on by logical scheme "AND", for the time in accordance with Section 17, taking into account the inertia of these systems. The arrangement of detectors in this case should be carried out at a distance of no more than half of the normative distance, determined according to tables 13.3 - 13.6, respectively.
"14.2 Formation of control signals for warning systems of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th type according to SP 3.13130.2009, equipment for smoke protection, general ventilation and air conditioning, engineering equipment of the facility involved in ensuring the fire safety of the facility, as well as the formation of commands to turn off the power supply of consumers interlocked with fire automatics systems, it is allowed to carry out when one fire detector is triggered that meets the recommendations set out in Appendix P, provided that false triggering of controlled systems cannot lead to unacceptable material losses or a decrease in the level of people's safety. In this case, at least two detectors are installed in the room (part of the room), switched on according to the OR logic. In the case of the use of detectors that, in addition, satisfy the requirement of clause 13.3.3 b), c), one fire detector may be installed in the room (part of the room).
“14.3 To generate a control command according to 14.1 in the protected room or protected area there must be at least: three fire detectors when they are included in the loops of two-threshold devices or three independent radial loops of single-threshold devices; four fire detectors when they are included in two loops of single-threshold devices, two detectors in each loop; two fire detectors that meet the requirement of 13.3.3 (b, c)".
When choosing equipment and algorithms for its operation, it is necessary to take measures to minimize the probability of false alarms of these systems. At the same time, a false alarm should not lead to a decrease in the safety of people and the loss of material values.

Question: What systems other than fire-fighting are referred to as "other"?

Answer:
It is known that in addition to fire protection systems, which include a fire warning and evacuation control system, a fire extinguishing system, a smoke protection system, a fire signal can be transmitted to control engineering, technological means, which can also be used to ensure fire safety. The control sequence algorithm for all technical means must be developed in the project.

Question: For what purposes are fire detectors switched on according to the logical schemes "AND" and "OR"?

Answer:
When fire detectors are turned on according to the “AND” logical scheme, the goal is to increase the reliability of the fire signal. In this case, it is possible to use one detector instead of two standard ones, which implement the function of increasing reliability. Such detectors include detectors called "diagnostic", "multicriteria", "parametric". When turning on fire detectors according to the logical scheme "Or" (duplication), the goal is to increase reliability. In this case, it is possible to use detectors that have a reliability no less than two duplicate standard ones. Calculation justification takes into account the level of danger of the object and, if there are justifications for the performance of the main functions, the composition of the fire protection system is assessed and the requirements for reliability parameters are determined.

Question: Please clarify clause 13.3.11 of SP 5.13130.2009 in terms of: is it possible to connect a remote optical alarm (VUOS) to each fire detector installed outside false ceiling, even if there are two or three detectors in the loop, and this loop protects one small area, about 20 m2, a room 4-5 meters high.

Answer:
The requirements of clause 13.3.11 of SP 5.13130.2009 are aimed at ensuring the possibility of quickly detecting the location of a triggered detector in the event of a fire or false alarm. When designing, a variant of the detection method is determined, which should be indicated in the design documentation.
If in your case it is not difficult to determine the location of a triggered detector, then the remote optical indication may not be installed.

Question:
I ask you to give an explanation about the remote start of the smoke exhaust system, art. 85 No. 123-FZ " Technical regulation on fire safety requirements. Is it necessary to install additional trigger elements (buttons) near the fire alarm IPR for remote manual start of the building's supply and exhaust smoke ventilation systems to fulfill clause 8 of Art. 85 No. 123-FZ? Or an IPR connected to a fire alarm can be considered a starting element, in accordance with paragraph 8 of Art. 85.

Answer:
Signals to turn on the smoke protection equipment should be generated by automatic fire alarm devices when automatic and manual fire detectors are triggered.
When implementing a smoke protection control algorithm based on addressable equipment, the loop of which includes addressable manual fire detectors and addressable actuators, the installation of remote manual start devices at emergency exits may not be provided by the design solution. In this case, it is enough to install these devices in the premises of the staff on duty.
If it is necessary to ensure separate switching on of smoke protection equipment from other fire automation systems, such devices can be installed at emergency exits and in the premises of the personnel on duty.

To be continued…

Zaitsev Alexander Vadimovich, scientific editor of the journal "Security Algorithm"

On August 10, 2015, a message appeared on the website of the Federal State Budgetary Institution VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia: “By the decision of the Expert Commission for the examination of the sets of rules of the EMERCOM of Russia in connection with the need to update and improve on numerous suggestions and comments, as well as in connection with the emergence of new technologies and fire protection equipment, draft SP 5.13130 ​​has been returned to the stage of the first edition and is undergoing the public discussion procedure again.” And this is after in 2013, at the end of the research work “SP 5”, an attempt was already made to present to the public an updated version of SP 5.13130.2009 “Fire protection systems. Fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations are automatic. Norms and rules of design». True, then the matter did not reach the public, they were hacked to death and hidden from the eyes of this public. Now we are offered almost the same thing, only under a new name - “Fire protection systems. Fire alarm systems and automatic fire extinguishing installations. Norms and rules of design».

And here I could not restrain myself and decided to express my attitude to such rule-making in an expanded form. I want to note right away that this material is not about document errors, although there are a lot of them, even if we consider only the fire alarm section. We will not receive the document so necessary for daily work until we decide on its tasks and structure.

WHAT DOES FEDERAL LAW No. 123-FZ REQUIRE FROM FIRE ALARMS?

I'll start with the federal law dated July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ "Technical regulations on fire safety requirements." He is the starting point. And it is quite natural, first of all, to decide what the law requires in terms of automatic fire alarm installations (AUPS) and fire alarm systems (SPS). Fire protection systems must have:

■ reliability and resistance to fire hazards during the time required to achieve fire safety goals (clause 3, article 51).

AUPS should provide:

■ automatic fire detection within the time required to turn on fire warning systems (clause 1, article 54);

■ automatic fire detection, supply of control signals to the technical means of warning people about a fire and managing the evacuation of people, control devices for fire extinguishing installations, technical means of controlling the smoke protection system, engineering and technological equipment (clause 4, article 83);

■ automatic informing of the personnel on duty about the occurrence of a malfunction of communication lines between individual technical means that are part of the installations (clause 5, article 83);

■ supply of light and sound signals about the occurrence of a fire to the receiving and control device in the premises of duty personnel or to special remote devices alerts, and in buildings of functional fire hazard classes F1.1, F1.2, F4.1, F4.2 - with duplication of these signals to the control panel of the fire department without the participation of employees of the facility and / or the organization broadcasting this signal.

Fire detectors must:

■ be located in the protected room in such a way as to ensure timely fire detection at any point of this room (clause 8, article 83).

AUPS technical means should:

■ ensure electrical and information compatibility with each other, as well as with other technical means interacting with them (clause 1, article 103);

■ be resistant to electromagnetic interference with the maximum allowable level values ​​typical for the protected object (clause 5, article 103);

■ ensure electrical safety. cable lines and electrical wiring of fire detection systems, warning and control of the evacuation of people in case of fire, emergency lighting on evacuation routes, emergency ventilation and smoke protection, automatic fire extinguishing, internal fire water supply, elevators for transporting fire departments in buildings and structures should:

■ remain operational in a fire for the time necessary to perform their functions and evacuate people to a safe area (clause 2, article 82).

The communication lines between the technical means of the AUPS should:

■ remain operational in a fire for the time necessary to perform their functions and evacuate people to a safe area (clause 2, article 103).

AUPS fire equipment control devices must provide:

■ the principle of control in accordance with the type of controlled equipment and the requirements of a particular facility (clause 3, article 103, oddly enough, this requirement is in the requirements for AUPS).

The automatic drive of actuators and devices of supply and exhaust smoke ventilation systems of buildings and structures should:

■ be carried out when automatic fire extinguishing installations and / or fire alarms are triggered (clause 7, article 85, this once again confirms that fire control devices for actuators belong to AUPS).

Those. all components of the AUPS are subject to specific requirements for the purpose. These requirements are of an exclusively generalized nature without disclosing the mechanisms for their implementation. It would seem that what is easier is to take these requirements and consistently, step by step, reveal and specify them.

These are the main tasks facing developers of fire alarm requirements. In order, what is achieved by:

■ reliability of fire detection;

■ timeliness of fire detection;

■ resistance of AUPS and SPS to external influences environment;

■ control over the current state of the APS and SPS by the duty personnel;

■ interaction of AUPS and SPS with other fire protection subsystems;

■ safety of people from electric shock.

Instead, in the new draft set of rules SP 5.13130, we again see a set of disparate rules: how and in what quantity to place fire detectors (PIs), lay fire alarm loops and connect them to control panels. And all this without any indication of the tasks to be solved. This is very reminiscent of a rather complicated recipe for making Christmas pudding.

What will the inspector be like? Having found a discrepancy at the facility with the set of rules SP 5.13130, it is necessary to link it to the requirements of Federal Law No. 123 in order to substantiate your claims in the courts. In this edition, as in the previous one, it will be very difficult to find such a binding.

In GOSTs Soviet period described how to make the same bike. Several wheel sizes were standardized, and, consequently, the spokes for them, the size of the steering wheel and seat, the diameter of the frame pipes, etc. In modern Russia, absolutely new approach. Now the requirements for the final product are written in national standards, and not how to make it. And then, for the most part, in terms of ensuring human security in various areas. There is compliance with the requirements - good, no - not subject to commissioning or further use. This is how all other types of regulatory documents should be.

RULES AND THEIR PLACE IN PRACTICE

The very concept of "rule" is deeply rooted in the philosophy of life of an individual or a community of individuals. Any rules are executed by people on a voluntary basis, on the basis of understanding and perception of the correctness of their actions. Here is such a tautology.

There are rules of conduct in society, rules of etiquette, rules of behavior on the water, rules traffic etc. There are also unwritten rules. IN different countries All of them can fundamentally differ in their essence and content. universal rules just doesn't exist.

The rules are aimed either at creating a comfortable living environment, incl. ensuring the necessary security in all areas of human activity, or on other specific tasks related to the performance or implementation of certain processes.

But the rules cannot be without exceptions, and how much it is permissible to deviate from the rules is determined by the requirements for the final result of the activity. Sometimes these requirements are more important than the rules themselves.

But before formulating certain rules, it is necessary to develop evaluation criteria and / or the procedure for developing these rules. An upper level of rules must be generated to create a lower level of rules. Neglect of the upper level or its absence will not allow you to create a lower level of rules that is really feasible in life. And this turned out to be the main problem of the work of the team of authors of the FGBU VNIIPO EMERCOM of the Russian Federation on the set of rules SP 5.13130.

In our case, the highest level of rules should be Federal Law No. 123. After all, the main tasks are formulated in it. The second level should be a document describing the requirements for the final product, for example, in our case, for a fire alarm. But as a guide to the labyrinths between the tasks and the specific requirements for the final result, there should be rules describing how to do this. These rules will act as recommendations that can be followed or not, if there is a justification for that. And since the requirements for the result are laid down in the first two upper levels, there is no contradiction in this.

CODE OF RULES SP 5.13130: ORIGIN AND CONTRADICTIONS

The structure and principle of building a set of rules SP 5.13130 ​​“Fire protection systems. Fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations are automatic. Design Codes and Rules” only on the first page looks modern, but the essence of this document has not changed over the past 30 years. The roots of this document lie in the "Instructions for the design of fire extinguishing installations" CH75-76. If we take his follower SNiP 2.04.09-84 "Fire automation of buildings and structures", then he and his further followers NPB 88-2001 and the draft new edition of SP 5.13130 ​​are absolutely similar.

Would you like an example please. SNiP 2.04.09-84 has the following requirement:

“4.23. In justified cases, it is allowed to install control and reception devices in rooms without personnel on round-the-clock duty while ensuring the transmission of fire and malfunction notifications to the fire station or other premises with personnel on round-the-clock duty, and ensuring control of communication channels.

We had the same in the interim regulatory document NPB 88-2001 “Fire extinguishing and alarm installations. Norms and rules of design».

In the draft SP 5.13130 ​​submitted for re-discussion, we again find:

“14.14.7. In justified cases, it is allowed to install these devices in rooms without personnel on round-the-clock duty, while ensuring separate transmission of notifications about a fire, malfunction, condition of technical equipment to a room with personnel on round-the-clock duty, and ensuring control of notification transmission channels.

And here comes the contradiction. Article 46 of the Federal Law No. 123 provides a list of technical means of fire automatics. And it has a component - a system for transmitting notifications. The components of these systems both transmit the mentioned signals from the control panel and output them to their indicators, and, most importantly, control the notification transmission channel. And the requirements for them are in GOST R 53325-2012. You don't have to invent anything. But the authors of the code of laws do not read ... And such examples with the wording "a cart and a small cart" outdated for 30 years.

It has come to the point that the very name of SP 5.13130 ​​in its discussed edition will contradict the law that gave rise to it. The law spells out the term "automatic fire alarm installations (AUPS)". And in the set of rules - "fire alarm systems (TPS)", which, according to the same law, are defined only as a combination of several such installations. All requirements in the law, as I showed a little earlier, are prescribed for AUPS, and not for SPS. What is easier - to indicate in the introduction that the requirements for fire alarm systems and the automatic fire alarm installations included in them are identical, and the issue would be closed. Here it is, the legal purity of our fire safety standards. And most importantly, the tasks in Federal Law No. 123 generally "remained behind the scenes." And this I will try to show with a few examples.

It is unlikely that anyone remembers where the requirements for the organization of fire alarm control zones appeared in our standards (now this is clause 13.2.1 in SP5.13130.2009).

Even in the “Manual to the rules for the production and acceptance of work. Installations of security, fire and security and fire alarm» dated 1983, it was provided that:

"For administrative buildings(premises) it is allowed to block up to ten fire alarms with one fire alarm loop, and if there is a remote alarm from each room - up to 20 rooms with a common corridor or adjacent ones.

It was then only about the use of thermal IP, there were no others yet. And about the maximum savings, both the technical means of fire alarms themselves, and cable products. At one time, this made it possible to equip a fairly large administrative facility with just one single-loop receiving and control device of the UATS-1-1 type.

Subsequently, in SNiP 2.04.09-84 the situation changes somewhat:

“With automatic fire detectors of one fire alarm loop, it is allowed to control up to ten in public, residential and auxiliary buildings, and with a remote light alarm from automatic fire detectors and installing it above the entrance to a controlled room - up to twenty adjacent or isolated rooms located on one floor and having access to a common corridor (room).

By this time, smoke fire detectors had already appeared, and therefore the scope of this norm was expanded in terms of the purpose of the premises.

And in NPB 88-2001, the concept of “control zone” also appears:

“12.13. It is allowed to equip a control zone with one fire alarm loop with fire detectors that do not have an address, including:

Premises located on no more than 2 interconnected floors, with a total area of ​​\u200b\u200bpremises of 300 m2 or less;

Up to ten isolated and adjacent premises with a total area of ​​not more than 1600 m2, located on one floor of the building, while the isolated premises must have access to a common corridor, hall, lobby, etc.;

Up to twenty isolated and adjacent rooms with a total area of ​​not more than 1600 m2, located on one floor of the building, while the isolated rooms must have access to a common corridor, hall, lobby, etc., if there is a remote light alarm about the operation of fire detectors above the entrance to each controlled area.

It is unlikely that these sizes of areas have introduced any changes in the practice of applying this norm. But a lot of work has been done, there is something to be proud of.

Approximately the same requirement for the ability to control a fire alarm with one loop of fire alarms with fire-broadcasters that do not have an address is provided for in the draft SP 5.13130. Why this happened, how it is determined, no one can say. There is such a norm, born 35 years ago, which has undergone several changes along the way, but no longer has any basis. The authors of fire regulations have enough other concerns. It's like rolling a snowball, in which the original task is completely forgotten. If we are trying in this way to solve the issues of survivability of fire alarm systems, then why are we talking only about threshold loops with conventional detectors. During this time, addressable and addressable analog systems have taken their due place, but for some reason they are not subject to restrictions in terms of the same survivability. And all because the zoning of AUPS is not yet perceived as one of the components of the struggle for their survivability, as it was done from the very beginning in the foreign rationing system, from which the mentioned figures were taken. This once again shows that the authors of the document are not trying to solve the problems. It's time to bake Easter cakes, and not make adjustments to the existing recipe for making Christmas pudding.

And what about another attempt to introduce stupidity into SP 5.13130, which can confuse any competent specialist:

“14.1.1. The choice of the type of automatic fire detectors is recommended to be made in accordance with their sensitivity to test sources in accordance with GOST R 53325.

Test foci for all types of IP, with the exception of special additional test foci for aspiration, are the same. And the task of any IP is to pass these tests. And no one will find specific numerical indicators of this sensitivity to test fires anywhere, so that one particular detector can be compared with another and some kind of choice can be made. Apparently, this was done only in order not to make serious changes to the source text from NPB 88-2001:

“12.1. The choice of the type of point smoke detector is recommended to be made in accordance with its ability to detect different types smoke, which can be determined according to GOST R 50898.

But even in the edition of NPB 88-2001 it was already unprofessional. A smoke detector must detect all types of smoke, otherwise it cannot be called a smoke detector. It is necessary to solve the problem of reliable and timely detection of a fire from a completely different perspective, and not try to replace one stupidity with another. It would be good, first of all, to determine such characteristics of the system as the timeliness and reliability of fire detection, how they are determined, achieved and how to normalize them. And only after that give any recommendations.

In my opinion, without a clear understanding of the meaning of these characteristics, it is impossible to talk about the effectiveness of the fire alarm itself, and this requires serious study and discussion.

And here, in the draft of the new edition of SP 5.13130, there is also a new somersault - attempts were made to give some preferences to gas firefighters and broadcasters, with whom they had finally decided for ten years abroad, and not in their favor.

All the above examples are the results of unsystematic work. The lack of requirements for the main characteristics of the AUPS is replaced by a chaotic set of private design rules.

The set of rules SP 5.13130 ​​is a lower level regulatory document. And sooner or later it will be necessary to develop a national standard instead. But with SP 5.13130 ​​in its current edition, this is not even worth talking about.

SOME EXCURSION TO INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE

The European standard EN 54-14 "Requirements for planning, design, installation, operation and maintenance" states right in the introduction:

"one. Application area

This standard sets out mandatory requirements for the use of automatic systems fire alarm, i.e. detection and/or notification in the event of a fire. The standard addresses the planning and design of fire alarm systems, their installation, commissioning, operation and maintenance procedures.

Note the term "requirements" used. And these requirements apply specifically to the final product - fire alarms.

There is no need to separate design, installation, operation and maintenance under different regulations. Note that in our country, no documents have yet been created either for the installation, or for the operation and maintenance of fire alarms. Fire alarm requirements at all stages life cycle should remain unchanged. And now it is simply impossible to make claims for non-compliance of the operated fire alarm with the existing requirements on the basis of the existing regulatory documents. One was designed, it was already mounted differently, and in the course of several years of operation and maintenance, a third appeared. And this question in EN 54-14 was closed forever.

And now, for example, one more of the general provisions from EN 54-14:

“6.4.1. Fire detectors: General

When choosing the type of detectors, the following factors should be considered:

Type of materials on the protected object and their combustibility;

The size and location of the premises (especially the height of the ceiling);

Availability of ventilation and heating;

environmental conditions in the premises;

The probability of false positives;

Normative acts. The selected type of fire detectors should, taking into account the environmental conditions in the places where they are planned to be installed, ensure the earliest possible guaranteed fire detection and transmission of a fire alarm signal. There are no types of detectors that are suitable for use in all conditions. Ultimately, this choice depends on the specific conditions.

And only after that, specific instructions are given on the use of each type of IP, which are also available to some extent in our SP 5.13130.

However, there are also fundamental differences. One of the factors influencing the choice of IP, as can be seen from the above list, is the probability of false positives. And this concept found a place in EN 54-14:

“4.5. False alarm

False alarms and the resulting system disruption are a serious problem and can cause a real fire alarm to be ignored. Therefore, those responsible for planning, installing and operating the system must pay close attention to avoiding false alarms.”

So in many national standards, which are sometimes more stringent than the pan-European ones, for more than ten years they have been normalizing the magnitude of the probability of false positives. Here it is, the approach of real experts in their field.

And in our country at this time, the authors of the norms prefer not to give direct answers to questions from many years of everyday practice. Or maybe they specifically do it so that you can constantly communicate with the people with the help of letters of explanation and letters of "happiness".

What is worth only one requirement below in the draft SP 5.13130:

“18.5. The required probability of failure-free operation of technical means, adopted in accordance with the risk calculation method depending on the fire hazard of the object, is provided by the reliability parameters of the technical means of a particular system during functional checks during operation, with a calculated frequency in accordance with the Comments to ".

That is, before developing working documentation for a fire alarm and determining the required value of the probability of failure-free operation, it is necessary to carry out a functional test during the operation of this particular fire alarm at this particular facility with a certain frequency. Do you think someone will be guided by this when designing? And then why write such a rule?

PROPOSALS FOR THE FORMATION OF REQUIREMENTS FOR FIRE ALARMS

So that there is a causal relationship of requirements for fire alarms between federal law dated July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ "Technical regulations on fire safety requirements" and a new regulatory document, it is proposed to state it in the following form.

List the tasks to be solved in the same sequence as I did at the very beginning of this article: the reliability of fire detection, the timeliness of fire detection, the stability of AUPS and SPS to external environmental influences, monitoring the current state of AUPS and SPS by the duty personnel, the interaction of AUPS and ATP with other fire protection subsystems, the safety of people from electric shock, and only after that disclose each component.

Approximately it could look like this: 1. The reliability of fire detection is ensured by:

■ choice of IP type;

■ formation of fire alarm control zones;

■ fire decision-making algorithm;

■ protection against false positives.

1.1. IP type selection:

1.1.1. EITI allows...

1.1.2. IPT allows...

1.1.3. IPDL allow...

1.1.4. IPDA allow.

1.2. Formation of fire alarm control zones:

Why are they formed, what restrictions are imposed on them?

1.3. Algorithms for making a decision about a fire that increase reliability:

1.3.1. . "Fire 1". "Fire 2".

1.3.2. ... "Attention" ... "Fire". 1.4. Protection against false positives:

1.4.1. The use of combined IP ...

1.4.2. The use of multi-criteria IP ... (only first you need to understand what it is).

1.4.3. The use of power supply with protection against particles that are not products of combustion...

1.4.4. The degree of rigidity of technical means of fire automatics to electromagnetic influences.

2. The timeliness of fire detection is ensured by:

2.1. Thermal IPs should be placed in such and such a way.

2.2. Smoke point IP to place...

2.3. Manual fire detectors should be placed.

3. The stability of AUPS and SPS to external influences is achieved:

■ selection of the appropriate topology for building an installation or fire alarm system;

■ resistance to external mechanical influences;

■ resistance to electromagnetic interference;

■ stability of communication lines in fire conditions;

■ redundancy of power sources and power lines.

3.1. Choice of structure topology.

3.2. Resistance to external mechanical influences:

3.2.1. Devices should be placed...

3.2.2. Lines of communication should be laid.

3.3. Stability of communication lines in fire conditions.

3.4. Immunity to electromagnetic interference.

3.5. Power requirements.

4. Visualization of the current state of AUPS and SPS is provided by:

4.1. Personnel on duty must have continuous visual and sound control.

4.2. Personnel on duty must have access to the necessary information...

4.3. Duty personnel must have access to the controls for prompt intervention.

5. Interaction of AUPS with other fire protection subsystems:

5.1. The management of AUPT and SOUE type 5 should be carried out.

5.2. Management of SOUE 1-4 types should be carried out.

5.3. Control smoke ventilation should be carried out.

5.4. Fire signals from objects fire category F1.1, F1.2, F4.1, and F4.2 must be duplicated...

5.5. Fire signals from facilities that do not have round-the-clock fire posts must be transmitted ...

5.6. Compatibility of various technical means of fire automatics with each other.

6. Ensuring the safety of people from electric shock is ensured by:

6.1. Grounding...

6.2. Protection of controls from accidental access must be ensured.

This, of course, is not a dogma, it can be considered as one of the proposals for the structure of the new document.

As soon as the requirements already available in SP 5.13130 ​​are placed in the proposed places, it will become clear whether they are enough to solve the tasks ahead or not. Requirements will appear that have not found a place in this structure. In this case, you will have to evaluate their need. It is quite possible that some of the provisions or rules would make sense to concentrate in some recommendations, which may not be binding in nature.

I can say that in the process of working on such a structure of a fundamentally new document, many new problems will arise. For example, how to correlate the necessary reliability of fire detection and the timeliness of detection. If increased timeliness of detection is required, then two IPs located in the same room must be switched on according to the “OR” scheme, otherwise one IP is enough, if, at the same time, some other boundary conditions are met. And, if increased reliability is required to the detriment of the timeliness of detection, then these two IPs will have to be included according to the “AND” scheme. Who should make such a decision and in what case?

A LITTLE ABOUT PAINFUL

Immediately I would like to recall the issue of electrical and information compatibility of various technical means of fire automatics with each other. In order to minimize the cost of technical means of fire automatics, a decision is often made to use one unit from one manufacturer, another unit from a second manufacturer. And the third from the third. Those. there is a crossing between hedgehogs and snakes. The draft of the new edition states that for this they must be compatible with each other. Only now there is nothing about who should check and evaluate this compatibility. If we are talking about products of one manufacturer, then this is checked in the process of certification tests by specially trained experts.

But the right to combine components of devices from different manufacturers is given to anyone. Miracles, and nothing more. To my corresponding question to the authors of such a norm, I was given the answer that “experienced specialists” are doing this. Then why in the set of rules for these "experienced specialists" so many small and detailed features are indicated for laying fire alarm loops and other small things. Why transfer so much paper to this? If necessary, they will sort it out. This is the approach of the authors to their own regulatory documents.

And I also want to return to the place of fire control devices, which I have already mentioned twice here. If we take the codes of practice for related fire protection systems (for warning people about a fire, smoke protection, internal fire water supply, elevators, etc.), then they only deal with the procedure for using the final actuating devices (sirens, fans, actuators, valves, etc.). It is understood that the signals to them come from installations or fire alarm systems, but nothing is written about the use of fire control devices to control these actuators. Thus, for many years now, a whole link in the form of control devices has fallen out of the norms. Everyone knows about it, but until now all the authors fire regulations this topic is carefully bypassed, while everyone nods at the law of the Federal Law No. 123. Only here, according to the law, in clause 3. Art. 103 and in paragraph 3. Art. 103 these control devices, strange as it may seem, belong to the fire alarm. Perhaps this is not so bad. Only then should they be taken into account in the relevant requirements. There should be no white spots in fire safety.

CONCLUSION OR CONCLUSION

If work is not carried out on a radical revision of the principle of construction and content of the set of rules SP 5.13130, then it will not be necessary to talk about its problem-free application in practice. Further rolling of the snowball will not give results, everyone has long understood this. For more than 30 years of his "improvement" too much has changed. Without identifying the tasks facing this document, we will never achieve their implementation, and it will remain a kind of cookbook with a very complex and contradictory recipe. We hope that the employees of the Federal State Budgetary Institution VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia will find a solution to this problem, otherwise the public will have to be involved.

SP 5.13130.2013 Fire protection systems. Fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations are automatic. Design norms and rules

1. 1 area of ​​use
2. 2. Regulatory references
3. 3. Terms, definitions, designations and abbreviations
4. 4. Abbreviations
5. 5. General provisions
6. 6. Water and foam fire extinguishing installations
7. 7. Fire extinguishing installations with high expansion foam
8. 8. Robotic fire extinguishing systems
9. 9. Gas fire extinguishing installations
10. 10. Powder fire extinguishing installations of modular type
11. 11. Aerosol fire extinguishing installations
12. 12. Autonomous fire extinguishing installations
13. 13. Control equipment for fire extinguishing installations
14. 14. Fire alarm systems
15. 15. Interrelation of fire alarm systems with other systems and engineering equipment of objects
16. 16. Power supply of fire alarm systems and fire extinguishing installations
17. 17. Protective grounding and zeroing. Safety requirements
18. 18. General provisions taken into account when choosing technical means of fire automatics
19. Appendix A List of buildings, structures, premises and equipment to be protected by automatic fire extinguishing installations and automatic fire alarms
20. Appendix B Groups of premises (industries and technological processes) according to the degree of risk of fire development, depending on their functional purpose and fire load of combustible materials
21. Appendix B Method for calculating the parameters of AFS during surface fire extinguishing with water and low expansion foam
22. Appendix D Method for calculating the parameters of fire extinguishing installations with high-expansion foam
23. Appendix D. Initial data for calculating the mass of gaseous fire extinguishing agents
24. Appendix E Method for calculating the mass of a gas fire extinguishing agent for gas fire extinguishing installations when extinguishing by a volumetric method
25. Annex G. Technique for hydraulic calculation of low pressure carbon dioxide fire extinguishing installations
26. Appendix H Method for calculating the area of ​​the opening for discharge overpressure in premises protected by gas fire extinguishing installations
27. Appendix I. General provisions for the calculation of powder fire extinguishing installations of a modular type
28. Appendix K. Method for calculating automatic aerosol fire extinguishing installations
29. Annex L. Method for calculating overpressure when supplying fire-extinguishing aerosol to a room
30. Application M. The choice of types of fire detectors depending on the purpose of the protected premises and the type of fire load
31. Annex H. Places of installation of manual fire detectors depending on the purpose of buildings and premises
32. Appendix O. Determination of the set time for the detection of a malfunction and its elimination
33. Annex P. Distances from the upper overlap point to the measuring element of the detector
34. Appendix R. Methods for improving the reliability of a fire signal
35. Appendix C. The use of fire detectors in the equipment of automatic fire alarms in residential buildings
36. Bibliography

FOREWORD

The goals and principles of standardization in the Russian Federation are established by the Federal Law of December 27, 2002 No. 184-FZ "On Technical Regulation", and the development rules - by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 19, 2008 No. 858 "On the Procedure for the Development and Approval of Codes of Rules ".

The application of SP 5.13130.2013 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design norms and rules" ensures compliance with the requirements for the design of automatic fire extinguishing and fire alarm installations for buildings and structures for various purposes, including those built in areas with special climatic and natural conditions, established by the Federal Law of July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements".

Information about the set of rules SP 5.13130.2013 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design standards and rules":

• DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the Federal State budget institution"All-Russian Order" Badge of Honor "Research Institute of Fire Defense" (FGBU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia)
• APPROVED AND INTRODUCED BY Order of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for civil defense, emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters (EMERCOM of Russia)
• REGISTERED by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology
• IN REPLACEMENT

1 AREA OF USE

1.1 SP 5.13130.2013 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design norms and rules" establishes norms and rules for the design of automatic fire extinguishing and alarm installations.

1.2 SP 5.13130.2013 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design norms and rules" applies to the design of automatic fire extinguishing and fire alarm installations for buildings and structures for various purposes, including those built in areas with special climatic and natural conditions. The list of buildings, structures, premises and equipment to be protected by automatic fire extinguishing installations and automatic fire alarms is given in Appendix A.

1.3 SP 5.13130.2013 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design norms and rules" does not apply to the design of automatic fire extinguishing installations:

• buildings and structures designed according to special standards;
• technological installations located outside buildings;
• warehouse buildings with mobile racks;
• warehouse buildings for storing products in aerosol packaging;
• warehouse buildings with a cargo storage height of more than 5.5 m;
• cable structures;
• reservoirs of petroleum products.

1.4 SP 5.13130.2013 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design norms and rules" does not apply to the design of fire extinguishing installations for extinguishing class D fires (according to GOST 27331), as well as chemically active substances and materials, including:

• reacting with a fire extinguishing agent with an explosion (organoaluminum compounds, alkali metals, etc.);
• decomposing when interacting with a fire extinguishing agent with the release of combustible gases (organolithium compounds, lead azide, aluminum, zinc, magnesium hydrides, etc.);
• interacting with a fire extinguishing agent with a strong exothermic effect (sulfuric acid, titanium chloride, thermite, etc.);
• spontaneously combustible substances (sodium hydrosulfite, etc.).

1.5 SP 5.13130.2013 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design norms and rules" can be used in the development of special specifications for the design of automatic fire extinguishing and alarm installations.

Other documents

SP 3.13130.2009 Fire protection systems. Fire warning and evacuation control system. fire safety requirements

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