Infinitive. How to find and what is the indefinite form of the verb Indefinite form of the verb words can

Lesson topic: "Indefinite form of verbs."

It is called indefinite, because neither time, nor number, nor person, nor gender of the verb can be determined from it.

Listen to the poem, find the verbs.

It's good, friends, to walk

On the trail with a backpack.

It's great to jump across the field

Riding a horse.

It's also nice to take the express -

flashes in the window there is a meadow and a forest.

Slide good for the waves

On a sea ship.

But it's better to race in the sky

On a steel liner. (I. Kholin)

Walk, jump (what to do?),

sit down (what to do?),

slide (what to do), rush (what to do?).

Verbs in the indefinite form answer the question what to do? or what to do? This is the initial form of the verb. Its peculiarity is that neither time, nor number, nor person, nor gender are determined by it.

Verb flicker(what will he do?) is used in the form of the future tense, singular, 3rd person. You will learn to identify the face of verbs in grade 4.

Find out Pushkin's fairy tales, from which excerpts were taken, and find in them verbs that are in an indefinite form. How do you distinguish them?

Verbs in the indefinite form answer the question what to do? or what to do?

The mirror property had:

It speaks well...

“You, queen, are sweeter than all,

All blush and whiter.

And the queen laugh

And shrug your shoulders

And wink your eyes

And snap your fingers...

The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Bogatyrs.

Verbs in the indefinite form:

what to do?

talk

laugh

shake

wink

snap

Tsar Dadon in his old age wanted

Take a break from military affairs

And make yourself calm.

Here the neighbors disturb

Became an old king

Doing terrible harm to him.

So that the ends of their possessions

Protect from attacks

He should have kept

Numerous army.

"The Tale of the Golden Cockerel".

what to do?

bother

guard

what to do?

relax

arrange

If you want, remember.

Verbs that answer the question what to do? are imperfective verbs. Verbs that answer the question what to do? are perfective verbs.

Verbs that answer the questions what to do? and what to do?, are considered different words, even if they are the same root. They differ from each other in some parts of the basis and therefore are different in meaning.

What to do?

laugh

shake

talk

What to do?

for laughing

reap

before talking

laugh - laugh

The words are distinguished by the prefix za- (the prefix za- means "to start the action").

shake(root press -) - shake(root zha-)

The verb to shake refers to an action that is performed often (repeatedly), the verb to shake refers to an action that is performed once (once).

speak - agree

The words are distinguished by the prefix do- (the prefix do- means "finish the action").

In order not to switch from one verb to another, you need to follow the prefix in the question.

1. Put a question to the form of the verb and find out if there is a prefix C in the question - or not.

2. Ask a question of indefinite form with or without the prefix C-.

3. Name the indefinite form of the desired verb.

The indefinite form of the verb most often ends in -ty or -ty(go , get out , find , carry , crawl ). Scientists have not yet agreed on how to call this part of the word. Some consider it an ending, while others consider it a suffix.

Sometimes the indefinite form of the verb ends in -chi, but these letters are part of the root:

guard - guard(root guard-, guard-), lie down - lie down(root lie-, lie down-).

In the indefinite form of verbs, if it ends in something other than -ti, it is always written ь. It is also written after the letter h (-ch) - this is the spelling for the rule: ь in the indefinite form of the verb.

Determine the tense of the verbs and find the indefinite form.

flowed- what did you do?, prosh.v., what to do?, leak(root tech-flow)

shearing- what do I do ?, present in., what to do ?, cut(root cut-cut)

save save(root shore-protect)

I will carry away- what will I do ?, bud.v., what to do ?, captivate(root attract-attract)

Vowel letters in the indefinite form of verbs before -t are most often suffixes. They can be different: -a, -e, -i, -i, -o.

If they are unstressed, then there is always a spelling in their place. These letters-suffixes cannot be determined by the rule, they can only be learned from a dictionary and memorized.

Suffix -a: hear, swim, jump, listen

Suffix -e: see, offend, depend

Suffix -i: build, iron, cook, glue, put, build

Suffix -i: bark, melt, winnow, sow

Let's find the verb in the indefinite form.

The wind is barely audible,

Linden sighs by the garden...

Sensitive music lives everywhere -

In the rustle of grass

In the noise of oak forests

You just need to listen.(V. Semernin)

What is he doing?, sings, sighs, lives- verbs in the present tense.

What to do?, listen - verb in the indefinite form.

Verbs often have a special suffix -sya or -s. It is special because it is after -Т. To distinguish it from other suffixes, scientists gave it its own name - postfix ("attached after").

Form indefinite verbs using the given suffixes and prefixes.

Prefixes VZ-, ON-, PRI-, FROM-.

Roots -DREM-, -CASHL-, -DANCE-.

Suffixes -IVA-, -NU-, -YVA-, -А-, -Я-, -СЯ.

Take a nap - prefix vz-, suffix -well-,

on drowsiness - prefix on-, suffix -a,

for coughing - prefix po-, suffix -i-,

from coughing - prefix from-, suffix -i-,

dance - prefix po-, suffix -a-,

when dancing - prefix at-, suffix -yva-,

from dancing - prefix from-, suffix -yva-.

Who is eating.

The proboscis fly can only suck up liquid food. Some butterflies have incisor-like teeth at the end of their proboscis, with which they can gnaw through fruit peels and drink their juice! Eight flexible tentacles with suction cups help the octopus grab and hold any prey very tightly. With a long neck, a giraffe is able to reach tree shoots. A snail living in a shell is able to cut and grind food with its tongue. The spider can produce sticky silk for a web in which insects must fall. There are cobwebs with lids, then the prey cannot escape from it.

Can (what to do?) suck,

can (what to do?) gnaw and drink,

help (what to do?) grab and hold,

able (what to do?) to get,

capable (what to do?) to cut and grind,

can (what to do?) develop,

should (what to do?) get caught,

what to do? don't slip away.

During holidays.

Well early in the summer….and…to the lake. It's nice ... in the sun, ... in clear water, ... mushrooms, berries in the forest, ... birds singing. Interesting ....for the behavior of insects, ....with friends in football. It is useful ... in the garden and in the garden, ... for the elders in the household.

During holidays.

It's good in summer to get up early (what to do?) and (what to do?) go to the lake. It’s nice (what to do?) to sunbathe in the sun, (what to do?) to swim in clear water, (what to do?) to pick mushrooms, berries in the forest, (what to do?) to listen to birdsong. It is interesting (what to do?) to observe the behavior of insects, (what to do?) to play football with friends. It is useful (what to do?) to work in the garden and in the garden, (what to do?) to help the elders with the housework.

How to cook pancakes.

It is necessary (take) half a liter of kefir, (add) a little salt, sugar and soda, (beat) one egg and (pour) into this mass, (add) flour and everything (mix). You can (bake).

Let's put the verbs in the indefinite form.

take - what do we do ?, what to do ?, take

add - what do we do ?, what to do ?, add

whip - what do we do ?, what to do ?, beat

pour out - what shall we do?, what shall we do?, pour out

add - what do we do ?, what to do ?, add

mix - what do we do ?, what to do ?, mix

bake - what do we do ?, what to do ?, oven

How to cook pancakes.

You need to take half a liter of kefir, add a little salt, sugar and soda, beat one egg and pour into this mass, add flour and mix everything. You can bake.

(What to do?) Dress or wear? These two words are often confused.

The verbs put on and put on are similar, but they have different meanings.

You can dress someone, but only wear something for yourself.

So it's correct to say:

put on (something)

form

coat

shoes

the dress

costume

dress (someone)

child

doll

girl

sick

baby

In the lesson, you learned that verbs in the indefinite form answer the question what to do? or what to do? This is the initial form of the verb. Its peculiarity is that neither time, nor number, nor person, nor gender are determined by it.

The indefinite form of the verb most often ends in -ty or -ty, sometimes in -ch. In the indefinite form of verbs, if it ends in something other than -ti, it is always written ь.

1. M.S.Soloveichik, N.S. Kuzmenko "To the secrets of our language" Russian language: Textbook. Grade 3: in 2 parts. Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2010.
2. M.S. Soloveichik, N.S. Kuzmenko “To the secrets of our language” Russian language: Workbook. Grade 3: in 3 parts. Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2010.
3. TV Koreshkova Test tasks in the Russian language. Grade 3: in 2 parts. - Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2011.
4. T. V. Koreshkova Practice! Notebook for independent work in Russian for grade 3: in 2 parts. - Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2011.
5. L.V. Mashevskaya, L.V. Danbitskaya Creative tasks in the Russian language. - St. Petersburg: KARO, 2003
6. G.T. Dyachkova Olympiad tasks in Russian. 3-4 classes. - Volgograd: Teacher, 2008

1. School-collection.edu.ru ().
2. Cdo.omrc.ru ().
3. Oldskola1.narod.ru ().

• Read the poem. What is the main part of speech in it? Indicate in what form the words of this part of speech are used? Emphasize this form.

Don't stop me from dreaming!

I'd like a bag of candy

Expand, chew, suck,

Smack, smack, gobble,

Long, long do not swallow,

Enjoy, savor.

• Put questions to these verbs. Form an indefinite form from them and emphasize the sign of the initial form.

I carried, I ran, I whistled, I drove, I cut, I searched, I drew.

• Write out the verbs in the indefinite form from the poem in two columns.

What to do? What to do?

You don't have to go to your mom...

No need to beg your sister...

You don't have to call

No need to wait

The infinitive is the initial meaning of the verb. The peculiarity of the infinitive is that it denotes only a pure action, not tied to the person who performs it, does not indicate whether one or more persons perform the action, and also does not give an idea of ​​the time of the action. That is, the infinitive does not have the definiteness of the past, present or future tense.

This part of speech is also called the "indefinite form of the verb", because it does not characterize any details of the action being performed, revealing only its original meaning. latin word infintus, from which the term is derived, can be translated as "uncertain".

The indefinite form of the verb: rules and examples

The infinitive can only answer questions:

• "What to do?";
• "What to do?".

It is impossible, for example, to ask "Doing what?""What is he doing?","What are we doing?""What are they doing?""What you are doing?","What did you do?""What will you do?", since the infinitive is the indefinite form of the verb. Time and face remain unclear, and no reference is made to the details of what is happening.

Infinitive suffixes

The infinitive ends with word-forming suffixes:

• -t - give birth, grow up, die;
• -ch, - protect, burn, flog;
• -ti - carry, grow, row.

It can also be supplemented with a postfix -s (s), by which we can judge which indefinite form of the verb is irrevocable, and which is reflexive:

-s (-sya) - toil, pray, beware.

Signs of the infinitive

The infinitive is the form of the verb that always remains the same. It cannot be conjugated, presented in a different time or person. Infinitives can only have constant verbal features that are present in any verb, regardless of their form. Such signs include transitivity/intransitivity, recurrence/irreturnability and perfection/imperfection.

Transitive and intransitive infinitives

The transitivity of the verb is determined in accordance with the presence of an additional word of the indefinite form of the verb, denoting an object or phenomenon, to which the action is partially transferred. Intransitive verbs consist of a single word denoting the action itself. The transitive infinitive can include:

• nouns or pronouns put in the accusative case without a preposition: make an injection, thread;
• nouns put in the genitive case, without a preposition, which express the share of something, or involvement: wait for trouble, pour water;
• nouns or pronouns put in the genitive case, if the verb has a negative expression: be unable to notice them.

Thus, these words are part of the verb, filling it with meaning, and without them the essence of the action is lost. Part of the action, in turn, goes to the object or circumstance, giving it a specific semantic load.

Reflexive and irrevocable infinitives

The indefinite form of the verb can also be reflexive and non-reflexive. Irreversible verbs express an action performed by someone or something in relation to someone or something. Returns express an action directed by someone or something on itself, or mean another closed interaction or state of the object and have a postfix at the end -sya (sya). On the -sya the reflexive indefinite form of the verb usually ends. The rule says that reflexive verbs cannot be transitive.

Examples of irrevocable infinitives: put on, put on, peek. Examples of reflexive infinitives: get dressed, get down, sneak.

As we can see from the above examples, some reflexive verbs can be obtained from non-reflexive ones by simply adding a postfix -sya(as in the case of the pair " lower-lower"). This only changes the direction of the action, but the general meaning remains. In rare cases, according to the rules and norms of the use of verbs, it is impossible to use the verb in both its word forms - perfect and imperfect, as, for example, the reflexive indefinite form of the verb is unacceptable for "put on" (example " put on-dress"). "Put on" denotes an action performed in relation to some object or person, while "dress" can refer exclusively to the object that performs the action (it can be used in other word forms, but provided that this reflexive meaning is preserved) . Although such a limited indefinite form of the verb is not often encountered, the rule remains the rule. Also, from some imperfect forms of verbs, we will not be able to make a perfect one, based on their key meaning, which we can see on the example of the verb "peep" - you can’t peep behind yourself. By the same principle, in Russian there is no imperfect form of the verb "sneak" - you can't " sneak"anything.

Perfect and imperfect infinitives

Infinitives can also be perfective or imperfective. The indefinite form of the imperfective verb expresses actions that continue in time and do not have a specific binding - these are, as it were, eternal actions, and without additional indications in the context, it does not give us an idea of ​​the completion or incompleteness of the action. A question would be relevant here. "What to do?". Examples:

Perfective infinitives say that the action has already been done, or will certainly be done, that the result is already there, or will still be (of course, in cases of negation or question, it may have a relatively indefinite coloring). A question would be relevant here. "What to do?". Examples:

• After reading the note should have been burned.
• Thank me that you didn't have to burn that note.
• Were you instructed to burn the note?

Only a small number of dual infinitives contain Russian. The indefinite form of the verb, which is both perfective and imperfective, can be used this way and that, depending on the environment, without changing its word form. That is, she answers the question "What to do?", and to the question "What to do?". Examples:

• An order was issued to continue to execute all traitors. - "What to do?";
• An order was given to execute the traitor. - "What to do?";
• In the village they are used to marrying girls quickly. - "What to do?";
• By autumn, Martha managed to marry all her girls. - "What to do?";
• It's hard to tell your heart. - "What to do?"
• How to tell your heart not to love? - "What to do?"
• Exploring caves is very interesting, but at the same time dangerous. - "What to do?"
• Tomorrow we have to explore these caves. - "What to do?"
• You can attack them from any direction, while I will smash them head on. - "What to do?"
• You will have to attack them from the right, and I will go in from the flank. - "What to do?"

Conjugation of verbs

The conjugation of verbs reflects their change in accordance with person and number. Although the infinitives themselves cannot have a person, number or gender, and, therefore, cannot be conjugated, they nevertheless serve as a derivational basis for other verbs, therefore they are assigned to any of the two verb groups according to the type of conjugation - either to I , or to II. The endings of indefinite verbs related to the first group: -e, -yu(except for verbs of exceptions). The forms of these verbs have endings -u and -yu, -eat and -eat, -eat and -eat, -eat and -eat, -eat and -ete. The endings of indefinite verbs related to the second group: -And and on -I(except for verbs of exceptions). When conjugated, the forms of these verbs have endings -u and -yu, -ish, -it, -im, -ite, -at and -yat.

Function of the infinitive in a sentence

Verbs, as usual, perform the function of a predicate in a sentence. Together with the subjects, they form the grammatical basis of sentences. However, the infinitive, due to its peculiarities of use, can perform completely different functions in a sentence. Therefore, the role of any of the members of the sentence in this case can be performed by the indefinite form of the verb. An example of the use of infinitives as various members of a sentence:

Morphological analysis of the infinitive in a sentence

To carry out the morphological analysis of a verb in a sentence, you need to determine its part of speech, general grammatical meaning, ask him questions, determine the word form, indicate permanent and non-permanent morphological features, as well as its function in the sentence. Since the indefinite form of the verb does not change, the morphological analysis of the infinitive is carried out without indicating inconstant verbal features.

A selection of rules: verb (definition, signs, indefinite form of the verb, aspect, conjugation, transitive and non-transitive verbs, reflexivity of the verb, mood, tense, orthograms, morphological analysis).

Verb- this is an independent part of speech that denotes the action or state of an object and answers questions what to do? what to do? and others (go, take, praise, do).

signs

1. Permanent:

• view (perfect / imperfect);
• conjugation I or II ;
• transitivity (transitive/intransitive);
• recurrence (verbs without -SYA are not used).

2. Fickle

• mood(indicative, conditional, imperative);
• number(the only thing( I'm going, I'm going, I'm going), plural ( let's go, let's go, let's go);
• time(past, present, future);
• genus(male, female, middle);
• face(first, second, third);
• recurrence(verbs with reflexive and non-reflexive forms).

Infinitive

indefinite form is the initial form of the verb.

Verbs in an indefinite form answer the questions what to do? what to do?, ending in -TI, -TH or -CH, do not have signs of time, number, person and gender ( go, bake, cut).

Verb type

In Russian, verbs can be of two types: perfect and imperfect.

• perfect view what to do? and denote an already completed action or an action at the initial stage of execution ( solve, read, sing, sing);
• imperfect species- verbs answer questions what to do? (decide, read, sing, sing).

REMEMBER!

• Only the imperfectd: fawn, call to one another, exchange fire, glance, whistle, sow, cough, condemn, belong, roam, regret.
• Only perfect look: burst, interrogate, thunder, walk, make noise, find yourself, spoil, run, lie down, water, dream, need, hold back, think, sit, gush.

Conjugation of verbs

Verbs can be conjugated, that is, they can change in person and number.

There are 2 verb conjugations:

I conjugation -ET, -AT, -OT, -UT, -YAT, -YET -UT, -UT (sing, hide, prick, pull, winnow, wash);

II conjugation- verbs in the indefinite form end in -IT; in the 3rd person pl. hours end in -AT, -YAT (carry, saw, spend).

EXCEPTIONS!

• These verbs belong to the I conjugation: shave, lay, build up, swell.
• These verbs belong to the II conjugation: drive, breathe, hold, depend, hear, see, hate, endure, twirl, offend, look.

Way of determining verb conjugation

• If personal ending percussion, then we determine by the personal ending:
  1. If -U / -YU, -YOSH, -YOT, -YOM, -YOTE, -UT / -YUT, then this is the I conjugation.
  2. If -U / -YU, -ISH, -IT, -IM, -ITE, -AT / -YAT, then this is the II conjugation.
• If personal ending unstressed, then we define in indefinite form
  1. If the indefinite form ends in -IT(except to shave, lay), if it is one of the 7 verbs in -ET(look, see, depend, hate, endure, twirl, offend) if it is one of the 4 verbs in -AT(hear, drive, breathe, hold), then this is the II conjugation.
  2. All other verbs with unstressed personal endings belong to the I conjugation.

REMEMBER!

Verbs want to run are classified as heterogeneous.

Transitive and intransitive verbs

Verbs in Russian are transitive and intransitive.

• transitional- denote an action that passes to any object denoted by a noun, in the accusative case without a preposition (if the action passes to a part of the object, the accusative case is replaced by the genitive) - see off sister, chop birch, read a book, sew a suit, drink milk.

• intransitive- denote an action that does not transfer to other objects (verbs with the suffix -SYA- intransitive) - walk in the garden, rush to the train, play sports, swim in the sea.

Reflexive verbs

Reflexive verbs- this intransitive verbs with suffix -SYA.

Many verbs in Russian have reflexive and non-reflexive forms: wash(s), fight(s), roll(s), wash(s), knock(s), bend(s).

Some verbs without -SYA not used: laugh, hope, try, fear, be proud, doubt.

verb mood

There are three moods of the verb in Russian: indicative, subjunctive (conditional) and imperative.

• indicative denotes an action that has happened, is happening, or will happen (I slept, I sleep, I will sleep).
• subjunctive (conditional) mood- denotes an action desired or possible, formed using the past tense of the verb and particle WOULD (I would write, you would come).
• imperative- denotes an impulse to action, an order, a request ( bring, stand, rise).

verb tense

Verbs change by tense (only in the indicative mood). Allocate the present, past and future (simple and compound) tenses of the verb.

• Past tense refers to actions that have already been completed by the time of speaking. Answer questions: what have you been doing? what did you do? what did it do? what they were doing?

Change by gender and number: I/he walked. (m. r., units); You/she walked. (female r., singular); It was going. (cf. rub., units); We/you/they were walking. (plural).

• present tense refers to actions that are taking place at the moment of speaking. Answer questions: what do i do? what are you doing? what is he doing? what do we do? what you are doing? what do they do?

(I am going. (1 lit., singular); You are going. (2 lit., singular); He / she is coming. (3 lit., singular); We are going. (1 l., pl.); You are going. (2 l., pl.); They are coming. (3 l., pl.)).

• Future refers to actions that will happen in the future. Answer questions: what will I do? what will you do? what will he do? What will we do? what will you do? what will they do?

Change in persons and numbers:(I will go. (1 l., singular); You will go. (2 l., singular); He / she / it will go. (3 l., singular); We will go. (1 lit., pl.); You will go. (2 lit., pl.); They will go. (3 lit., pl.)).

Forms of the future tense

• simple(from perfective verbs: see, see, see, see, see, see).
• complex(from imperfective verbs: I will read, I will read, I will read, I will read, I will read, I will read).

Spelling NOT with verbs

REMEMBER!

NOT always with verbs spelled separately (Don't sleep! He was not afraid to go into the forest.).

REMEMBER!

Verbs that do not NOT not used: to be indignant, to be perplexed, to hate, to be unhappy, to be unwell.

Spelling -TSYA and -TSYA

REMEMBER!

To find out, spelled by the verb -TSA or -THAT, you need to ask a question. For questions what to do? / what to do? spelled -THAT, and for questions what does it do? / what will it do? spelled -TSA.

• What to do? swim, laugh, mess around, be lazy, learn.
• What is he doing?bathes, laughs, fusses, is lazy, studies.

Soft sign b in verb forms

ь is written

• In the infinitive (indefinite form) ( wash, bake, write, want).
• In the endings of 2 liters. units h. present or simple future tense ( do, wash, wash).
• In the imperative mood ( fix, hide). An exception: lie down, lie down.

e is not written

• in the form of 3 l. units h. present or simple future tense ( washes, done).

Spelling of verb suffixes

• -T suffix of the indefinite form of the verb ( groin be, drinking be, build be, breathing be ).
• -L past tense suffix ( hear - hearing l, read - read l ).
• -NU-, -A-, -I-, -I- invariable verb suffixes (deaf well th, works but th,ve I th, then I th,ka I tsya, la I th,lele I darkness I tsya,hope I tsya, re I th,se I th, that I th, cha I th,chu I th, stro And th,hundred And th, double And th, morning And th, glue And be).
• -OVA-/-EVA- are written in goals, which in 1 person unit. numbers end in-UYU, -YUU (commands wow – commands ova th, in yuyu - during Eve t).
• -YVA-/-IVA- are written in goals, which in 1 person unit. numbers ending in -IWAY, -WOW (late I am – late yva th, crust ivayu – crust willow be).
• -E/TH in verbs withprefix OBES-/OBES — written in Neperwalking verbs withprefix OBES-/ OBES-, denoteaction, deputy whipped on the subject itself ( obes forces e be from fatigue obes shelter e be (to myself)).
• -I/T in verbs withprefix OBES-/O WITHOUT- written in pen walking verbs withprefix OBES-/ OBES-, denoted taking an action directed at someone else ( obes forces And be the enemy,obes shelter And th (someone another)).

What form are verbs in dictionaries? Of course, in the initial or indefinite form, which is otherwise called the infinitive. In this article, you can get acquainted with the morphological features of the infinitive, the ways of its formation. Each rule is illustrated with examples.

What is the indefinite form of the verb (infinitive)

Infinitive- this initial form of the verb, from which other forms of verbs are formed (conjugated verbs, participles, gerunds). It is in the infinitive that verbs are presented in dictionaries (for example: lie, rest, work, see, study).

The infinitive is also called the indefinite form of the verb. The rule of the Russian language explains this by the fact that this form names an action, process or state, regardless of when, by whom and how this action, process or state is carried out.

In a sentence, verbs in the infinitive form can be part of a compound predicate, predicate and subject, in rare cases, a definition, object or circumstance.

Morphological features of the infinitive

The infinitive is the invariable, non-conjugated form of the verb. It has only constant grammatical features of verbs:

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Indefinite verbs are used in dictionaries. What is an infinitive? Features are as follows:

1. Verbs in the indefinite form answer the questions "what to do?" and “what to do?”.
2. Endowed with grammatical features of the form (perfect or imperfect).
3. It is returnable and non-returnable.
4. Saved.
5. When forming, the suffixes of the indefinite form of the verb -t, -ti, -ch are used. For some verbs it is –st, -sti.

Important! Any verbal word form can be put in the initial one with the help of the question “what to do?” or “what to do?”.

Such word forms are called indefinite because it is impossible to determine their main grammatical features: time, person, mood, gender and number, which distinguishes them from the rest.

Indefinite form of the verb: signs

Signs of the indefinite form of the verb

The main features are the endings of verbs in -ti, -t and -ch. The questions “what to do?” will help determine this. and “what to do?”.

Examples of Education

The infinitive ends with the suffix -ti if it is preceded by a consonant: come, crawl, shake. The suffix -т is used after vowels: write, fly, shoot, pull.

In some words ending in -ch, there is no ending in the initial form, and -ch is included in the structure of the root. For example, attract, bake, protect, crush.

How to use the indefinite form of a verb

The infinitive is needed to form other verb forms and check spelling.

Often the endings of verbs in personal word forms are unstressed, which raises doubts about their writing. To check spelling, you need to know how to put a verb in the indefinite form.

For example:

• Build - What to do? build. So, it is correct to write the ending -ish.
• Glues, glued - What to do? glue. The correct spelling is -it and -il.
• Hated - What to do? hate. Correctly write the vowel -e.

The unstressed suffix in the infinitive indicates its spelling in the past tense, in the gerund and participle form.

Glue - glued - gluing - gluing - gluing.

What is a reflexive or irrevocable verb

Sometimes, after the word-forming suffix -t, -ty, -ch, an additional postfix -sya or -s is used. For example, pray, take care, ask, take cover.

Postfix allows you to define the returnable and non-returnable form.

The rule explains that word forms with -sya (-s) are considered reflexive and mean the action of someone or something directed at themselves, contact or position of the object. For example, tip over, deteriorate, equip, wade.

Irreversible infinitives express an action to someone or something. For example, winding, eavesdropping, ironing.

reflexive verb

Signs of transitive and intransitive infinitive

Transitivity in an indefinite form allows you to identify an additional word that indicates an object or phenomenon involved in the action.

As an additional word is used:

• A noun or pronoun used in the accusative case and without a preposition. For example, put on a coat, cook dinner.
• A noun (accusative or genitive) that expresses an attitude or proportion of something and is used without a preposition. For example, pour tea, wait for guests.
• A negative expression with an infinitive uses a noun or a pronoun in the genitive. For example, not to have a chance, not to hurt her.

Additional words give meaning to the infinitive, and without them the essence of what is happening is lost. Some part of the action is transferred to objects or circumstances, they acquire a clear semantic load.

In the intransitive infinitive, the action denotes one word.

Perfect and imperfect species

Verbs are classified into perfect and imperfect.

Imperfect characterize an action that lasts without a specific time reference. These actions can be called eternal, there is no indication of their completeness or incompleteness. They ask the question “What to do?”.

• I'm about to go on a trip.
• Street lights began to go out.

Perfect infinitives indicate completed action or something that is bound to happen. The result can already be observed or it is still to be expected. The question "What to do?" is used.

• After opening the can, the contents must be transferred.
• Did you receive instructions on what to report?

Known a minor part of dual infinitives. They are used in both forms in one word form. They are defined by meaning. For dual verbs in the infinitive, you can put a standard question.

• Tomorrow the entire area should be cleared. - "What to do?".
• Clean up trash on your desk and in your room. - "What to do?".
• Need to explore the city. - "What to do?".
• They were to explore the city at dawn. - "What to do?"

Perfect and imperfect view

The role of the infinitive in sentence structure

Indefinite verbs in the structure of sentences act as predicates and, in combination with subjects, form the grammatical core. The infinitive performs any function and acts as different members of the proposal.

Important! The infinitive is syntactically capable of being the subject, part of the predicate, addition, definition, circumstance of intentions.

Usage examples:

• It is sometimes necessary to experience irritation to your neighbor very often. The verb "experience" is the subject.
• She felt like returning. "Return" acts as a definition

"What wish?".

• He decided to leave forever. Here, “leave” serves as an addition to “What did you decide?”.

The indefinite form of the verb is often used in sentences, so it is important to know how to define the form of the verb, what are their distinguishing features and how to form them.

Russian lessons Indefinite form of the verb

Infinitive. Infinitive