Terrazit facade plaster. Terrazit plaster restorer

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Terrazit plaster mortar is prepared by mixing water with a dry mass. After good mixing, the solution is a homogeneous mass of the required density, without foreign impurities and undissolved lumps.

After the lower lime-cement layer (soil) hardens sufficiently, it is moistened with water and terrazitic plaster is applied to it, after which it is overwritten like ordinary plaster.
The processing of the terrazitic surface (sanding or peeling) is started after the applied on soil layer of terrasite mortar grab a little.

Terrasite surface treatment with a nail brush or steel cycle is carried out on not completely hardened plaster, which greatly facilitates the work, increases the output and quality of work, since in this case there are no traces of sanding and the entire surface retains one color.

The holding time (after about 3-6 hours) is determined in such a way that the cycles are carried out on the plaster, and if marble chips and sand pop out of the total mass without destroying the entire layer, then the moment is considered favorable for scraping. Otherwise, the experiment is repeated after some time.
After cycling, it is necessary to clean any kind of dirt that has settled in the pores of the plaster with a soft brush and moisten the surface with water for 3-4 days (once a day).

To give terrasite plaster a uniform appearance, it should be sanded so that the intervals between the application of the layering and the start of sanding after setting are the same. Places scraped too late stand out against the general background with light spots, and scraped too early - dark.

Applying plaster according to the method of A. M. Shepelev

Beacons are applied to the surface, then a spray is made with a solution of ag after it has set, a primer is applied. The surface of the soil should not reach 3-5 mm to the level of the beacons. After that, a layer of terrasite mortar is applied to the fresh soil at the level with the beacons and leveled with trowels. In this case, the color of the solution should be similar to the color of terrasite.

While the soil is still fresh, it is sprayed with a broom, covering the lighthouses, with a 5-7 mm thick terrazit coating.
The work must be carried out with great care and without gaps, avoiding the formation of thickened places.
Wiping the dried surface layer of terrazite with the edge of the rule, the protruding grains of coarse aggregate are removed, after which the dust is removed from the surface with a brush.

Terrazit plasters are intended mainly for decorative finishes building facades. Their device begins even at the moment of preparing the solution for priming: since its composition and consistency on the entire surface must be the same, it is necessary to strictly observe the ratio of ingredients during mixing. The uniformity of the coating layer and the quality of the plastered walls or ceiling depend on this.

The soil solution applied to the surface is leveled and scratched on it at a distance of 3 cm from each other horizontal undulating grooves, the depth of which is 3 mm. This arrangement is due to the fact that terrazitic plasters are quite heavy, and getting into the grooves, they are held on the surface and do not slip.

The laid soil is kept for 7-12 days. After that, they begin to apply a decorative covering layer. 2 hours before the start of work, the primed surface is abundantly moistened with water. After the moisture is absorbed, proceed to the device terrazitovy plaster.

decorative layer applied in two stages: first, a spray is made with a decorative solution, and after about 15-25 minutes, when the mixture begins to set, the main layer of decorative coating is applied.

If a coarse-grained mortar mixture is used for plastering, its thickness should be 12-15 mm, the thickness of the medium-grained mortar - 10-12 mm, fine-grained - 8-10 mm.

Each layer of covering is leveled and compacted, and the top one is rubbed with a grater.

If defects appear on the section of the wall or ceiling plastered with terrazite plaster, it is cut down to the ground layer and treated with fresh mortar.

The moment when the processing of terrazite plasters begins depends on what solution was used for covering, what texture needs to be obtained, what tools the work will be performed on and on atmospheric conditions.

When using cyclers, work can be started 30 minutes after leveling the surface and grouting. By this time, the solution becomes friable, since hydrated lime, having absorbed moisture, dehydrates it.

Getting started, it is necessary to check whether the surface is ready for scraping, for which they press the layer of the covering with a finger - if the solution is not pressed through, then the surface is ready for subsequent verification. After this cycle, a shallow groove is made on the plastered wall or ceiling.

The surface is considered ready for further processing if the solution crumbles easily and does not stick to the tool. When the surface is kept for more than 1 hour, the solution hardens, which greatly complicates cycling, and the quality suffers from this.

During operation, the blade of the scraper must be at an angle 45-60° to the surface. All movements are performed smoothly, with the same pressure and in the same direction, otherwise darker or lighter spots may appear on the surface, which stand out in bright light.

Depending on atmospheric conditions cycling of terrasite plasters can be performed in dry or windy weather for 2-3 hours; at normal humidity, calm and air temperature plus 20-25 ° C - for 3-4 hours, in cool and damp weather - 6 hours.

When processing a freshly plastered surface with a nail comb or a toothed cycle, a grooved texture with irregularities from 2 to 5 mm is obtained. It is best to use a fine-grained mortar mixture for such a texture.

The location of the grooves it can be arbitrary: in a straight line (the cycle or comb is pulled along the rule), with shifted strokes (the pattern is applied in one direction with free movements). In the process of scraping, 1 mm of solution is removed from the coating layer in order to expose the grains of the aggregate and reveal their shine.

A bumpy texture with irregularities up to 5 mm is obtained by processing a fine-grained semi-hardened surface (in the range from 10 to 20 hours after applying the solution to the surface) with a toothed scraper or a wire brush.

Application on the surface of the butt strokes with a nail brush allows you to create a uniformly bumpy texture.

With such processing of the coating from the mortar mixture with coarse or medium-grained aggregates, a bumpy surface with irregularities of more than 5 mm is obtained. This texture does not reveal the brilliance of the aggregate grains, but requires large physical and temporary costs, so it is created very rarely.

After cycling, the surface treated with terrazitic plaster is swept over with a brush and kept wet for 3-5 days (3-5 times a day it is plentifully moistened with water from a broom or brush).

Finishing by hardened solution requires the application of great physical strength. It is performed with a bush hammer, a chisel and its varieties, as well as a sandblaster and abrasive tools. Before starting work, the surface is kept wet for 8 days, plus another 2 days to dry.

By hitting the walls or ceiling with a bush hammer, they determine whether they are ready for further processing.

If a dull sound is heard and the plaster is crushed by impact, then it is too early to start work. If the sound is sonorous and the plaster is chipped, you can safely get down to business.

As a result of processing a layer from a mixture with coarse-grained aggregates with a bush hammer or sandblasting machine, it turns out uniformly rough surface with sparkling brilliance. A bush hammer strikes the same force, the direction of which is perpendicular to the surface to be trimmed. Bush hammer teeth thus destroy the upper film of the mortar covering the aggregate grains. The grains are also cracked from blows marble chips, the chipping of which gives the surface a sparkling sheen. Bush hammer blows are applied until the top film of the solution is removed on the entire surface of the plaster.

When processing sandblasting machine the upper mortar film is also removed from the plastered surface. In this case, medium and large aggregate grains are exposed, and small ones are partially removed, which creates a rough surface. Under the action of a sand jet, the grains are polished and acquire a characteristic sheen.

Use in the machine building sand rocks, whose grains of sand have an acute-angled shape, will speed up processing and give the texture a more refined and decorative look.

To ensure that the edges of the rods and dihedral angles do not suffer during power processing, they or covered with slats, or do not reach them by 20-30 mm. The film from the untreated areas is removed with a trojan or gear.

Texture "chipped stone" obtained in the process of processing with a chisel, scarpel and tongue of the hardened top layer of the coating, consisting of a mixture of mortar with medium and coarse-grained aggregates. To a depth equal to 1/3 of the coating thickness, at an angle of 45 °, the blades of these tools are hammered into the plaster. During this operation, pieces of plaster fall out and a rough surface is obtained. The use of a tongue and groove gives the walls and ceiling a uniform-grained texture; when working with a scarpel or a chisel, a “rock-like” texture is created.

Finishing fine-grained terrasite coating with grinding emery or corundum wheels and bars leads to the appearance smooth polished surface with its characteristic sparkling brilliance.

There is also such a method of applying terrazitic plasters: the coating is arranged on freshly applied soil and does not need further processing. The order of plastering in this case has its own characteristics. A layer of spray is applied to the prepared surface, and after it has set, a primer, last layer which should match in color with the lining. Then the beacons are removed, and the empty spaces formed in their place are filled with a colored solution.

The last step is applying terrasite coating. This procedure is performed by spraying the solution from a broom in 1-2 steps. In this case, the thickness of the covering layer will be equal to 5 mm. The filler grains, pressed into the primer layer, hold the entire coating on the surface. The plaster must dry, after which it is leveled with a trowel edge. Performing this operation allows you to remove the protruding aggregate grains and obtain a terrazitic surface similar to a scraped one.

Terrazit and stone decorative plaster.

Purpose: to form knowledge about terrazitic and stone decorative plasters.

Tasks:

Educational:

Consider the mechanism for applying terrazite plaster.

Considerstone plastering machine.

Developing:

to continue the formation of students' skills to work with text

Educational:

contribute to the aesthetic education of students (designing notes of lecture material, etc.)

Lesson type

A lesson in the formation and improvement of knowledge.

Teaching methods: verbal, visual, oral survey.

During the classes

Org.moment.

Setting lesson goals

Lesson plan

.

4. Fixing

5. Homework.

Today, by the end of the lesson, you should know:

Consideration of the mechanism for applying terrasite plaster.

Consideration of the mechanism for applying stone-like plaster.

Learning new material

1.Terrazite plaster.

Almost the same as with a decorative filler, but when finishing, the texture of the filler is exposed and emphasized.

Terrazit plaster is a solution of a mixture of white cement, fluff lime, white sand, crumbs of marble, glass, mica and other materials. Additions of mica and anthracite fines (up to 10% of the volume of cement) give a special character to terrazitic plaster.

Terrasite solutions grasp quickly, so large quantities they are not cooked. The mixture is mixed in a mortar mixer immediately before use at the workplace. If you need to change the intensity of the color of the plaster, add a pigment in relation to the mass of the dry mixture of 0.5–2%, after mixing it in milk of lime. To ensure a uniform tone of the coating, the entire solution for the soil layer is prepared with a constant composition and consistency.

The primer layer of plaster after application and leveling is cut or scratched in a horizontal direction with wavy grooves with a depth of at least 3 mm. The coating of terrazitic plasters is applied and treated like lime-cement plaster. It is applied to the prepared plaster primer that has set and rubbed. Finally, the surface is treated in a semi-plastic state with cycles, cutters or nail brushes in order to expose colored aggregates from the solution film. After treatment, the surface is cleaned of dirt with a soft herbal broom or brush, and moistened with water 3-6 times a day for 3-4 days.cutter it is a tool resembling a cutter or a set of cutters, which is used to process the surface of stone or plaster.

Fine-grained and medium-grained texture obtained by scraping the surface of the applied plaster with fine-toothed scrapers or nail brushes. The surface begins to be processed in a semi-plastic state, i.e., 0.5-1 hour after the mortar has set. To give terrasite plaster a uniform appearance, it should be scraped so that the time intervals between its application and the start of scraping after setting are the same. Places scraped too late stand out against the general background with light spots, and scraped too early - dark. When using scraping, it must be taken into account that if the treatment is carried out too early, the solution sticks to the cycle, and if it is late, it becomes too hard for this operation.

When cycling the plasterer holds the cycle with one or two hands, depending on its size. It is recommended not to press hard on the cycle. When working, it should move smoothly, without jerking. The cycle with teeth cuts into the surface and removes the worn film; this exposes mica and crumbs. You need to cycle in one direction, otherwise spots will remain on the surface that spoil the appearance of the plaster, and according to the rule; in this case, even stripes are obtained, and the scraped surface resembles the texture “under a fur coat”.

Coarse-grained stone-like texture receive based on cement mixture with a content of at least 50% of grains with a size of 2.5–5 mm. The hardened coating is treated with bush hammers or other percussion instruments. The texture "under hewn sandstone" is obtained by chipping with a chisel, from the surface of a thick layer of terrasite, the top layer of plaster. To get the texture “under a torn stone”, crushed stone is embedded in a freshly applied layer of soil in various places and thrown with a terrazite mortar, which is then treated with a cycle or brush. After treatment, the surface is swept with a broom or a stiff hair brush.

2. Stone plaster.

Creation of stone plasters - It's quite complex and demanding.

large cash costs. However, they are widely used due to such qualities as strength and beauty.

Covering layer of stone plasters, as well as others decorative species applied to moist soil surface. Since the mortars for stone plasters are quite heavy, the covering is carried out in two or three layers. Only when creating a fine-grained texture, the thickness of the upper layer of which does not exceed 8 mm, one layer is superimposed.

In the event that treatment with a freshly applied mortar is not provided, the coating is kept for 6-8 days in wet conditions and 1-2 days in dry conditions, allowing the plaster to dry. After that, the readiness of the surface is checked by applying light blows to it with a bush hammer. If the aggregate crumb does not split, but is pressed into the soil layer, dry exposure is continued for another two days. If the solution crumbles and the crumb breaks, finishing can begin.

The choice of surface treatment of stone plasters depends on the desired type of texture. Stamped textures are created on a freshly applied mortar. A rough surface without processing gives crumbs natural stone. Grouting the solution that has begun to set allows you to get a smooth fine, medium and coarse-grained texture. When working with cycles on a semi-hardened plaster layer, a “shallow furrow” finish is obtained.

Processing the hardened mortar with a bush hammer, chisel and its varieties (troyanka, cog, scarpel and tongue) allows you to create textures “under the dunes”, “under the fur coat” and “under the torn stone”. In addition, stone plasters are sometimes "treated with acid

Terrazit plaster

Terrazit plaster is made from a mixture having fluffy lime as a binder, up to 35% Portland cement and marble flour, mica, marble and quartz sand as a filler. Depending on the required texture, the grains in the mixture can be 1 to 6 mm in size.

However, dry colored plasters are also called terrazitic plasters. plaster mixes factory production of any composition. This has its reasons. Terrazit plasters differ from lime-sand plasters only in the way the mortar is prepared.

When diluting terrazitic plasters, proportions must be strictly observed. Because, for example, if you increase the amount of water, it will greatly damage the color of the finished plaster. It is also very important to maintain the same time intervals between the application of terrazite layers and the beginning of their scraping or nail brushing. Before starting work on small area make a test sanding of the walls - if the stone chips fall out without disturbing the plaster layer, then work can begin. After processing, the wall will become porous, similar to natural sandstone.

Stone plasters

Stone plasters are similar to terrazitic, only much stronger. However, a more mobile solution is needed here. To do this, 10–20% lime paste is added to the cement-sand mortar. As textured elements, crumbs of decorative stone rocks are used.In some way, stone plaster is concrete with a fine fraction of crushed stone.

Stone plasters are used for finishing walls, columns, plinths and other parts of buildings. They create the texture of natural stone. For example, you can achieve the effect of marble, granite, limestone or tuff.

The effect of "stone" is obtained after special surface treatment with percussion instruments.

When buying decorative plaster, you should pay attention to technical indicators, as well as strictly follow the rules for preparing the mixture and applying the material.

Stone

Stone plaster is cement mortar with the addition of stone chips different breeds. The hardened surface is treated with percussion instruments (bush hammer, chisel, troyanka), achieving an imitation of natural stone (granite, marble). Application technology involves the use of hydrochloric acid solution (5-10%).

Stone plaster is the most complex and time-consuming.

Terrazitic

Terrazit plaster is a mixture of cement, mica, fluffy lime, stone chips and stone sand are used as a filler. In a semi-hardened state, such plaster is treated with nail brushes, a sandblaster, a gear cycle, this allows you to achieve an imitation of sandstone or tuff.

Getting to the top plastering works, going nextkit plasterer tools :

steel brush for cleaning surfaces from dirt;

scraper, tool for removing paint, wallpaper residues, traces of whitewash from work surfaces before plastering;

bush hammer, troyanka and cogs, used for notching the surface for better adhesion of the solution;

a falcon, a wooden shield measuring 350 x 350 mm and a handle in the center, on which portions of the solution are superimposed;

plaster spatula, used for mixing, applying and rubbing the mortar;

cutting off, the same plaster spatula but with a blade length of not more than 100 mm;

a trowel, used to smooth the mortar over the surface, is made of a sanded board measuring 150 x 700 mm with a handle in the middle;

a grater, used for mashing plaster, differs from a trowel by half the size;

grinding grater, has special attachments formesh abrasive and is used for finishing plaster

4.Fixing the material.

Answer the questions

1. How to apply terrazitic decorative plaster?

2. How to apply stone decorative plaster?

5. Homework.

Work with abstract. Do your own work....Independent work. Number 3.

Message

Special, otherwise called decorative, plasters require a special technique for applying to the surface. In this article, we will tell you about how to properly finish wall coverings with terrazitic and stone-like plaster.

Decorative plasters can be laid on the walls using the technology of applying ordinary plaster. However, as a rule, special coatings are applied to bases already lined with a preparatory layer of ordinary plaster. Thus, before you start decorating, you need to prepare the surface: lay two layers of plaster (spray and primer). And then proceed to work with special plaster.

Application of terrasite plaster

Terrazit plaster is a dry mix, which includes cement, fluff lime, quartz sand and decorative fillers with coloring pigments. Most often, natural stone chips act as a filler, and the size of the filler particles can vary from 2 to 6 mm.

1. After applying the main layer of ordinary plaster (primer), take a comb and, without waiting for the solution to dry, cover the surface with horizontal undulating notches. Place the strips at a distance of 2-3 cm from each other. The relief of the base structure will contribute to better adhesion of the plaster layers.
2. Wait for the base layer to dry completely.
3. Wet the surface evenly with water. Two hours after water procedures”, start applying decorative plaster.
4. Dilute the mixture with water (according to the manufacturer's instructions on the package).
5. Start applying the coating in the same way as you would normal plaster, using a trowel, a falcon and a rule. Lay the coating in several (2-3) layers. The total thickness of decorative plaster should not exceed 15-17 mm (for coarse filler). When using fine-grained fillers, the formation thickness can be as low as 8 mm.
6. Level the surface with a trowel. Grout quickly but gently, otherwise your coating risks getting unsightly white spots. Responsibility for the spoiled appearance will lie with the fluffy lime that is part of the solution, which is very prone to rubbing.
7. Let the plaster coat dry and harden, this usually takes about 24 hours, and proceed with the sanding. A light touch on the finish with your finger will help you determine the possibility of starting sanding work: if the coating immediately began to crumble and crumble, then the right moment has come.
8. Wear protective goggles, as flying small particles plasters can damage the eyes.
9. Use a special grater: to a board with dimensions of 150 × 150 mm and a thickness of 20 mm in checkerboard pattern nail the nails. The nails keep a distance of approximately 15 mm from each other and protrude from the surface of the board by 10-15 mm.
10. Sequentially move the trowel from top to bottom over the fresh coating, applying light pressure to form small indentations from crumbling plaster.
11. You can also work with a ready-made tool - a cycle, which is a thin steel plate mounted on a handle. Take it with both hands and move it smoothly over the surface.
12. Remember that scraping should be done by moving the tool all the time in one direction - otherwise the surface will look spotty and lose some of its charm.
13. To facilitate the scraping process, such a tool will help you, as a rule: with its help you can create perfectly even stripes on the coating (a similar texture is called processed “under a fur coat”).
14. Finally, remove the resulting dust with a broom or a stiff hair brush and enjoy the aesthetic appearance of the walls of your home.

Application of stone-like plaster

Stone-like plaster forms the original wall covering of any room. Its texture imitates the surfaces of various natural stones- granite, marble and others.

1. Swipe preparatory work by analogy with the application of terrazitic plaster (complete the first 3 points).
2. Apply a thin (1-2 mm) layer of cement diluted with water to a creamy state on the ground.
3. Lay a layer of decorative mortar 5-8 mm thick with a trowel and level it.
4. Rinse the surface with water using a hand sprayer.
5. Then you can depict the texture "under the hammer" (metal tetrahedral hammer). To do this, alternately compact the plaster layer with special stamping (size - 150 × 150 mm) from of stainless steel. The forging must be equipped with protruding pyramidal teeth. Bush hammers usually have an even number of teeth: 16, 25, 36 and 64.
6. Wait 3-4 days and treat the coating with 10% hydrochloric acid solution, and then rinse with water.

Please note that the texture of the surface can be made not only “under the hammer”, but also processed with a trojan (grooved texture), tongue and groove (under a roughly chipped stone) or scarpel (small stone chips).

At this stage, you can stop, satisfied with the state of the finished coating, or continue to finish the surface by cutting rusts (textured recesses).

7. Make a drawing by breaking the floor into rectangles or squares.
8. Transfer the pattern lines to the plaster with a cord and ruler, scratching thin strips with a cutter or trowel.
9. Gradually cut out the narrow recesses of the rusts. You can use special device for rustication: two straight slats linked together with a gap of 10-12 mm between them. However, the presence of such a tool is not at all mandatory. You can also fill the rust with sharp blows of a hammer on a steel strip 8-10 mm thick attached to the intended line.