Plastering walls is the best to do. How to plaster the house outside: we make a choice

One of the methods of leveling walls is plastering. It is used most often. How to choose plaster for each room, which brands are better, how to make cement mixtures with your own hands - read on.

Types of plaster

Any plaster consists of a mixture of a binder, sand of different fractions and additives that give the composition specific properties. First of all, they are distinguished by the type of binder. It could be:

• gypsum;
• cement;
• lime;
• clay.

Most often, gypsum and cement plasters are used. They are the most practical, with their help it is easier to get a flat surface. Since the cement-sand mixture (CPS) is very hard and it is not very convenient to work with it, lime is added to the solution. Such plasters are called cement-lime. To choose plaster, you need to know exactly where the walls will be leveled - outside or inside the room and what conditions are in this room (more on this below).

Cement-based plaster sweeps can be done independently. This saves money but takes more time. Can be bought at ready-made- dry mix packed in bags. Gypsum plaster is rarely made by hand, more often they buy it ready-made.

Plaster and putty are often confused. The processes are somewhat similar - both are used to level the walls. But the walls and ceiling are plastered with a large curvature - from 5 mm or more. After plastering, the surface is even, but grainy (less grainy when using gypsum compositions) and needs to be smoothed down. And smoothing is done with putties. They contain more finely ground components, which is what gets a smooth surface. The maximum layer of putty is 5 mm, plasters - 50-80 mm in one layer, and several of them can be applied.

Which is better - gypsum or cement plaster

It is necessary to decide which plaster is better to buy - gypsum or cement - based on their qualities. What is a plus in one room is a minus in another. Therefore, we first consider the properties of cement and gypsum plaster.

Let's start with economic feasibility. If we compare only the price per kilogram of dry composition, then cement-based compositions are cheaper by about 1/3. But since they have about the same amount of consumption, then total amount spent on plaster will be about the same. So there are no priorities here and it will not work to choose plaster for the price.

The easier it is to work

When comparing cement and gypsum plaster according to the convenience of work, it is easier to lay down the gypsum composition. It is more elastic, better "sticks" to the base. But there is one “but” - it seizes faster. On the one hand, this is good - it dries faster to a state where you can apply the next layer and the work moves faster. On the other hand, this is bad - you need to close small portions at one time: in order to have time to put everything in 30-40 minutes. It is better not to use the seized mixtures, since the addition of water changes its state only externally. This material will no longer gain normal strength.

Cement compositions remain elastic for 2 hours, so that large volumes can be closed at a time. But such plaster also dries longer, so the process takes longer - you have to wait for the composition to dry.

Application area

When choosing between gypsum and cement plaster, everything usually depends on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bapplication - gypsum is not used outside because of its fear of moisture. In this case, choosing a plaster is simple: for outdoor work we use cement.

The same property determines its scope in interior spaces: for the bathroom and kitchen it is better to use cement plaster which is not afraid of moisture. In all other, "dry" areas, they prefer to level the walls with gypsum compounds. They “lay down” better and, with some experience, you don’t need to putty the walls under the wallpaper - you just need to level the grout layer well.

Plaster is the basis of a finishing cake, so it must hold very well.

There are, of course, gypsum moisture-resistant plasters. Their moisture resistance is increased through the use of hydrophobic additives, but this is reflected in the price - it is much higher than for conventional formulations. It is also worth mentioning that in the bathroom the walls are leveled with gypsum non-moisture resistant compounds. Tiles will then be laid on it, and if the seams are carefully rubbed with moisture-resistant grout, then moisture will not reach the plaster. But this, after all, is not the best way out, since gypsum and cement are very different in characteristics, and tile adhesive is always made on the basis of cement. If tiles are laid on gypsum plaster, in most cases it lags behind the base, as they say, “bumps”, and maybe falls off.

If you choose the better to plaster the ceiling, in dry rooms the choice is clear - gypsum plaster. It is lighter, has better adhesion, and is easier to level. And even in wet rooms it is better to use a moisture-resistant gypsum composition - it is very difficult to work with cement on the ceiling. This is the case when it is better to overpay a little. So it’s easy to choose plaster for the ceiling: it’s a gypsum composition.

Do-it-yourself plaster mixture

With a limited budget for construction or repair, you have to think about saving. It’s easy to choose plaster here: you can save on finishing if you make cement-based compositions yourself. It is really cheaper, although it requires additional time and effort. But remember that additives have been added to the finished compositions that improve the properties of the plaster. For example, antifungal additives are added to wetroom formulations to prevent mold growth. In compositions for plastering external walls, an additive is added to antibacterial ones that increases frost resistance. There are also plasticizing additives that make application easier. In principle, these additives can also be added to homemade plaster. You can find them on construction markets or in specialized stores, the norms are painted on the packaging. And even with the cost of additives, savings in self-manufacturing will be solid - about 30%.

It is not difficult to make cement-sand or lime-cement plaster with your own hands. The components are mixed in certain proportions in a dry form, then liquid components are added (if any, and water), brought to a certain consistency. You can knead manually with a shovel in a large basin, trough. You can mechanize the process if you have a drill - using a special nozzle. The easiest way is with a concrete mixer. With it, things go faster, but large volumes are difficult to produce, especially if there is little experience.

Cement-sand mixture: proportions

The cement-sand mixture is made up of 1 part of M400 or M500 cement and 3-5 parts of sand. Cement must be fresh, sand - dry, sifted through a fine sieve with a grain size of not more than 1.5 mm. Waters take 0.7-0.8 parts. As you can see, the proportions are approximate. Sand can be of different moisture content, the solution can be used for plastering walls in different rooms, cement can be different brands. When choosing the amount of water, the main guideline is the convenience of work. It is necessary to choose the composition so that it is not so thick that it falls off the wall, but not so liquid that it slides off. This is determined experimentally.

There is also a difference in composition depending on the application. For plastering walls outside, 3-4 parts of sand are taken for 1 part of cement. To level the walls inside the sand, add more - 5 parts or even more.

Although DSP is much cheaper than ready-made mixtures, it is more difficult to work with it - it does not adhere very well to the wall, dries for a long time, and almost always cracks when it dries. But she is not afraid of moisture and for this reason it is recommended for plastering walls in wet rooms, which will later be either, MDF or any others). For other types finishing- painting, and wallpaper - it is better to use a cement-lime mortar or gypsum.

Do-it-yourself cement-lime plaster mortar

Cement-lime plaster is made with the addition of lime paste. Parts of lime are measured in the form of a dough, then diluted with water to a liquid state and added in this form to thoroughly mixed dry cement and sand.

The proportions of cement-lime plaster are as follows: for 1 part of cement, take from 1 to 2 parts of lime paste, 6-9 parts of sand. Water is added to bring the solution to the desired consistency. The sand is the same as for the CPS - with a grain of no more than 1.5 mm, the water is clean, without pollution. Lime dough is better purchased. With home extinguishing, there are still particles that have not reacted. Later, when the wall gets wet, they react, increase in volume, which causes pieces of plaster to fall out. Therefore, it is better not to save on this.

The exact selection of proportions is determined experimentally: the mass should hold well on the wall. You can plaster with cement-lime composition walls in any room. The composition is softer, it is more convenient to work with it, it does not crack when it dries. But the strength of such plaster is much lower than the DSP, and this must also be borne in mind.

Choosing ready-made compositions

Choosing the type of plaster - gypsum or cement - is just the beginning. Next, you will have to choose the manufacturer and the composition itself - there may be several products that have slight differences.

Good gypsum plasters

The most popular gypsum plaster Rotband (Rotband) company Knauf (Knauf). This is a really high-quality product that is easy to use even for beginners. The same company has other products - Goldband (Goldband) and HP Start (HP Start). They are cheaper, the quality is quite decent.

The most popular type of plaster - Rotband

HP Start is a gypsum-lime composition, Goldband is gypsum. The difference between Rotband and Golduand is in the thickness of the minimum layer. In Rotband it is 5 mm, in the second - 8 mm. Otherwise specifications very close - and consumption (8.5 kg / m 3 with a layer thickness of 1 cm), and the maximum layer (50 mm), and compressive and bending strength. The density in the hardened state differs slightly: ~980 kg / m 3 for Goldband and 950 kg / m 3 for Rotbabd. Scope - any residential and non-residential heated premises, including kitchens with bathrooms.

Not bad also speak about the gypsum plaster Volma Sloy, Found Gipswell, Eunice Teplon, Prospectors. They cost less, give a good result, but it's still easier to work with Rotband and the "company". Based on the results of working with these brands, there are both positive and negative feedback but overall the quality is good.

Finished cement plasters

Cement plasters are hand and machine applied. We will talk about compositions for manual application. For internal works good Forward, Weber Vetonit, Founding Startwell, Weber Stuk Cement. They adhere well to a clean, pre-moistened surface. For a better grip better walls pre-primed, after drying, start by yourself

If you choose cement-based plaster for outdoor work (including for plastering an open loggia or balcony), you need facade compositions. They differ from ordinary ones in an increased number of freezing / thawing cycles. Facade cement plasters - Yunis Silin facade, Founded by Profi Startvell, Knauf Unterputz (Knauf Unterputz), Bergauf Bau Putz Zement. Ceresit CT 24 Light plaster is suitable for both facade and interior work.

For walls made of cellular concrete special plaster is required. It has increased vapor permeability to prevent moisture from being trapped inside the wall. This is Ceresit CT 24, Knauf Grundband (has tiny particles expanded polystyrene, which increases its thermal insulation properties, reduces consumption).

Operating conditions. The material in question can be used for processing internal and external walls, in conditions of normal or high humidity. All types of finishing solutions are suitable for interior work in dry rooms.

To plaster external surfaces made of brick or concrete (facade elements, balconies), a cement-sand mixture is required, and cement-lime mixtures are suitable for working with surfaces exposed to high humidity.

The addition of fiber to cement-sand mortars allows you to give higher strength characteristics when working with external walls.

Temperature regime. In rooms not intended for year-round use, for example, in country houses Do not use plasters based on gypsum. With temperature fluctuations, plaster from this material will collapse. In this case, only cement mixtures can be used.

Sand characteristics. To prepare surfaces for different kinds subsequent finishing, use sand of various fractions. So, to prepare the wall for painting, you should use the average size fractions, for final plastering - small, for leveling walls for pasting or installing tiles - large.

Finisher skills. Not every craftsman can correctly apply the solution to the surface and level it with high quality, therefore, before starting work, you should make sure that the invited finishers know how to work with a specific type plaster solutions. It is difficult to do this work on your own, without training and practice.

Solution application method. In addition to manually applying the mixture to the surface, there is the possibility of mechanical processing of walls using special devices.

Price. The use of expensive and cheap materials, subject to the technology of work, gives almost the same result, but there is a difference in the speed of surface treatment and the timing of the full curing of the solution. So, polymer compositions, although they are much more expensive than conventional cement or lime mixtures, gain strength faster, which allows you to start the next work earlier.

Types of plaster by composition

For the preparation of various surfaces Three main types of plaster are used for interior decoration and exterior work:

cement mortars. Versatile material suitable for almost all surfaces. To positive qualities solutions with a predominance of cement include:

• the ability to withstand sudden temperature fluctuations without changing the strength characteristics;
• the possibility of processing the applied material for several hours;
• surfaces plastered with cement mixtures are frost-resistant, do not let moisture and steam through;
• affordable price;
• plastered surfaces can retain their properties and strength for at least 30 years.

The disadvantages of cement-based plasters include a long (28 days) period of curing and the need for high qualifications from the performer. Before wallpapering, the plastered surface will have to be puttied and a primer applied.

Gypsum solutions. This material allows you to prepare the surface for pasting with rolled materials.

Advantages:

• the drying time of the mixture is 2-3 hours;
• the solution is plastic and convenient for quick work;
• the final set of strength occurs within 10 days;
• the plastered surface is ready for finishing work.

Flaws:

• gypsum is afraid of moisture, so this material is destroyed in humid environments.

polymer solutions. This material is designed to eliminate minor imperfections on concrete and brick surfaces, and is also suitable for working with drywall.

Advantages:

• mixtures have antiseptic properties;
• not afraid of moisture;
• can be used for processing external and internal surfaces;
• are waterproofing material;
• can serve as finishing material.

Flaws:

• for quality coverage given material applied to an already prepared and leveled surface.

The choice of plaster according to the material of the walls

When the customer decides to level the walls with plaster, it is necessary to decide what is the best way to plaster the walls in the house inside, what type of plaster mixture to use in the bathroom and toilet, in the kitchen or in living rooms. The type of mixture depends on the material of the surface, which is decided to be plastered.

How can you plaster the walls in the bathroom and toilet? It should be remembered that for rooms with high humidity mortars based on cement and lime are used, and lime in this mixture should be twice as much as cement.

Before plastering wooden walls inside the house, for example, from a bar, it is necessary to strengthen a metal mesh on the surface, which will serve as a frame for plastering and allow adhesion to be observed, since in the normal state the mortar does not have adhesion to wood.

If the surface has significant vertical swings, it is recommended to eliminate uneven places with the help of shingles or the installation of special beacons of a removable type. at cottages and country houses, which are not intended for permanent residence, the best option for preparing walls is plaster, since drywall collapses under conditions of temperature and humidity changes.

For alignment wooden bases use mixtures with a predominance of cement and gypsum, it is possible to use clay solutions With high content plasticizers and fiber additions.

How to plaster the walls inside the house if the masonry is made of gas blocks or gas silicate blocks, which are fixed with special glue? In this case, it will be necessary to fix the plaster mesh on the surface, and plastering the aerated concrete with cement and gypsum mortars.

To figure out how to plaster walls from foam blocks inside the house, you need to remember that the usual rough finish cement mortars in this case will not work due to the complete lack of adhesion. A good option for leveling foam concrete and foam block walls, mixtures with a predominance of gypsum. To work with foam concrete surfaces, lightweight mixes of Pobedit or Glims Velur gypsum are recommended.

For alignment brick or concrete walls, cement-based mixtures are best suited, which will provide reliable adhesion of the mortar to obtain an ideal surface for painting, wallpapering or tiling.

Popular manufacturers and prices

When choosing suitable materials to align the walls, you should pay attention to already established manufacturers. The most popular brands are:

• "Ceresit ST 29" for concrete and brick surfaces. Base: cement-sand mixture with mineral additives. The cost for a package of 25 kg is from 450 rubles;
• "Volma Canvas" for concrete, foam concrete and brick surfaces, walls of their aerated concrete. Base: gypsum. The cost for a package of 30 kg from 350 rubles;
• "Prospectors" for rooms with high humidity and concrete or brick surfaces. Base: cement-sand mixture with mineral additives. The cost of packaging in 50 kg from 400 rubles;
• "Knauf Rotband" for concrete and brick surfaces. Base: gypsum. The cost for a package of 30 kg from 390 rubles;
• "Caparol Capatect" for brick surfaces, walls made of porous concrete and expanded clay. Basis: mineral materials. The cost for a package of 25 kg is from 700 rubles.

Popular brands of plaster solutions also include the following brands: Osnovit, Unis, Betonit, Glims, Mapei.

What to choose for a novice repairman

An inexperienced plasterer, when choosing a suitable mixture, should first of all pay attention to the material of the surface to be processed:

• For brick and concrete exterior and internal walls best suited cement mortar. It is optimal as a basis for further tiling and wallpapering, but in this case you will have to apply a layer of putty;
• If you have to process walls made of foam concrete, gypsum mortars are used;
• For wooden surfaces preparation in the form of shingles or a metal mesh is necessary, and cement or gypsum compositions are used for plastering.

For interior work in a city apartment optimal solution for concrete walls there will be gypsum-based materials that provide high-quality surface preparation for gluing.

Finishing brick and other surfaces is impossible without their complete leveling; plaster is ideal for this. How and with what to plaster the walls in the house? Our article will tell you in detail how to carry out the work.

Plaster is necessary not only for leveling walls for their subsequent finishing. various materials. This solution creates protective layer, which does not allow moisture to pass to the walls, and also serves as additional noise and sound insulation. What kind of plaster is better to use when working with brick surfaces? Let's consider.

brick walls

Most the best option cement plaster is considered, which can be used for both external and internal wall decoration. The main advantages of this mixture are:

• strength;
• long service life (about 20 years, subject to the technology of the application process);
• low cost of the mixture;
• the plasticity of the plaster, so that it can be worked with even a few hours after application;
• frost resistance and vapor permeability;
• resistance to temperature fluctuations.

Despite the mass of dignity, it was not without its drawbacks. The most important thing is the complexity of working with such a mixture. The process of applying plaster takes a lot of time and effort, especially for beginners in this matter. The second disadvantage is that the mixture dries very slowly. There are also a few nuances to consider. For example, when applying a layer with a thickness of 2 cm, it is necessary to use a reinforcing mesh, which complicates the application process. When working with external walls (and when working in wet rooms), lime is added to the solution.

The second option is the use of decorative plaster. The advantages of this method are many:

• plaster has water-repellent properties;
• the mixture can be used for both outdoor and indoor work;
• has decorative properties giving the walls an attractive appearance;
• can be used in the bathroom (and other rooms with high humidity);
• characterized by antiseptic properties;
• The application process is simple and does not require special knowledge.

The disadvantages include the fact that it is necessary to apply such plaster on perfectly even walls, which requires serious preparatory work. In general, the choice of composition depends to a greater extent on what kind of work you are going to carry out - facade or interior.

Nothing prevents you from simply applying the solution to the walls and smearing it. But as a result of such an action, the surfaces will be uneven, with depressions and “waves”. Therefore, it is so important to observe all the technological stages of application, among which the preparation of walls stands apart. First of all, it is necessary to remove all sags and irregularities from the surfaces. Special attention devote to cleaning the seams between the bricks - be sure to remove everything that may interfere with the application of the plaster.

Cleaning the walls from the old coating

The second step is . We drill holes in the upper left and right corners, screw the screws there.

We press the plumb line to one of the screws and use it to determine the most protruding section on the wall. Then we screw in another screw strictly vertically in the lower corner. Using building level and as a rule, you need to make sure that the line between the heads of the screws is perfectly vertical. If necessary, tighten the screws. We repeat the operation at the other end of the room, after which we stretch the rope between the upper and lower screws, along the height of which we screw in new self-tapping screws at regular intervals. After preparing the installation sites for the beacons, we remove the ropes from the walls, leaving the screws.

Then we clean the surface of dust and small debris that could remain after drilling. Finally, let's take a good walk along the walls with a deep penetration primer, applying it with a roller. The last step remains - the installation of beacons for applying plaster. Along the line of vertically located screws, we apply plaster on the walls in a small portion. You need to carefully press the profile beacons into the mixture, using the rule - press the tool until you hit the self-tapping screws. Installed beacons must be fixed with plaster. After finishing work, remove excess mortar holding the profiles from the walls, and you can proceed to the main work.

Most important rule- For each layer you need to use a different solution. However, the preparation process is the same, and the composition of the plaster also does not change. The difference will be only in the concentration of certain ingredients in the solution. cook plaster mixture can be done as follows:

1. Mix sand with cement until a homogeneous mass is obtained. The share of each raw material is read on the packaging.
2. Add water to the mass and mix everything thoroughly (make sure to add the volume of water that is indicated on the packaging with the composition).

If you add more or less liquid than necessary, the solution will turn out to be poor, with low adhesion rates - it can either lie poorly on the surface, or simply drain from it and not harden. Add water slowly and gradually. To determine the quality of the composition, check that there are no lumps in the solution. To mix the components, it is best to use an electric drill with a special nozzle.

Preparation of the plaster composition

The maximum rotational speed of the tool should not exceed 800 rpm - at higher rates, there is a high risk of delamination of the composition, light components will float to the surface, and heavy ones will settle at the bottom. After mixing cement, sand and water, wait about five minutes - during this time the additives contained in the mass will successfully combine with each other. Everything, our mixture is ready to use, however, to make it more plastic, it is better to use additives. For example, latex, plasticizers or PVA dispersion. The composition thus obtained can be used for one and a half hours, after which it will begin to crumble.

Proper finishing is the key to perfectly smooth walls

The technology of applying the plaster composition involves several stages.

Plaster instructions

Step 1: Spraying

The thickness of the spray should be approximately 0.5 cm. This layer will be the lowest, and it is applied using the plastering method. At the same time, the walls themselves need to be slightly wetted - if you forget about this step, then after drying, the plaster will lose strength and may even fall off. Spray with a liquid solution.

Step 2: Plastering the walls

For this stage, you need to take a thicker solution. It is better to apply the mixture on a slightly damp surface using a trowel - put a little solution on the edge of the tool and rub the mixture over the surface from the bottom up. After that, level the layer using a grater. The direction of your movements in this case can be any, the most important thing is to get smooth surface, because the the main objective this step is the alignment of the walls and the elimination of all defects.

Step 3: Surface grouting

These works are carried out 4–6 hours after the start of work. By this time, the solution will already solidify well, and it can be processed. By the way, if you are going to lay ceramic tiles, skip this step. The grout is carried out using a wooden trowel: we press it against the wall and perform circular actions counterclockwise, removing all irregularities with the edge of the tool. If the plaster has hardened, simply moisten it with water and repeat the work.

In some cases (for example, deep irregularities), a thick layer of mortar must be applied to the walls. There is nothing complicated, you should carefully study our instructions. First, we determine the thickness of the layer - this parameter will depend on the composition of the plaster used to perform the work:

• a layer of lime-gypsum plaster should be no more than 0.7 cm, cement composition - 0.5 cm;
• the total thickness should be no more than 1.2 cm when using conventional formulations;
• when using improved plaster, remember that the layer thickness should be about 2 cm.

Fixing serious defects on the wall

Each next layer of plaster is applied when the previous one is already a little dry, but not completely. If you want to determine if the mortar on the walls has dried sufficiently, press the mixture with your finger - if it does not squeeze through, you can start applying the mortar. In conclusion, we apply the most last layer which is called a cover. It is a layer of cement about 0.2 cm thick.

Before work brick walls lightly moisten with water using a paint bone. The new layer forms durable coating, which has protective functions - it will protect the plaster from mechanical damage. Apply the composition with a master. The last step is grouting the surface.

How and with what to plaster the walls and is it necessary to do it at all? This question is faced by everyone who makes repairs or builds a house. However, this is a very important and crucial stage of finishing work, the quality of which will depend on the structure covered with plaster and the frequency of its repair. Entrusting the work to specialists or doing the finishing yourself - depends on your capabilities and time, more and more often the owners of the premises themselves take up the job. So what is the best way to plaster walls?

Types and forms of plaster mixtures

The construction market offers a large assortment dry and ready mixes for finishing works. The advantage of ready-made solutions is convenience - you do not need to mix anything, open the package and start working. But such material will cost more than the most common dry mixes, which must be prepared independently. All packages of the semi-finished product have detailed instructions for the preparation of the working mixture, this process does not cause difficulties, even an inexperienced user can handle it.

According to the material, plasters are divided into 2 main groups: cement and gypsum. Cement and cement-sand mortars are used for plastering exterior walls, facades, industrial premises. Gypsum is great for interior decoration.

Types by quality

• Simple. It is applied in several layers in rooms that do not require additional finishing. These are mainly cement and cement-sand mortars.
• Improved. It is used for decoration of residential, office, public premises. Apply such a special technology in several stages, the composition of this mixture includes substances that improve the quality of the coating.
• High quality. As a rule, these are dry or ready-made decorative plaster compositions for the final smallest fraction with the use of color and/or texture inclusions.

AT modern finish a combined wall covering is used, when a cement-sand composition base is applied to a wall lined with bricks or blocks to level the surface, and thinner gypsum plaster is laid on top of it under wallpaper or high-quality decorative as a topcoat.

Do walls need to be plastered?

There are many ways to give the walls and the room a neat and well-groomed look. If there are even walls in the room and do not require leveling, as, for example, you can do without major plastering, but limit yourself to only puttying and / or priming for wallpaper or painting.

Facades can also be finished in other ways (cladding with facade bricks or installing ventilated systems: panels, tiles on profiles). If the walls were previously plastered, assess the condition of the coating. In old houses, the plaster layer is removed completely or in fragments and a new layer is applied, sometimes a cement-sand mixture of small thickness is applied on top to renew and level the surface for painting.

To whom to entrust plaster work?

Since the use of the services of professionals is not cheap (from 500 rubles / sq. M for cement and from 300 rubles / sq. M for gypsum plaster), therefore we plaster the walls with our own hands, if time permits. In addition, it will help keep the budget.

Stages of work

To begin with, we determine which solution to plaster the walls is more rational in a particular case:

• For facades and external walls, it is advisable to use cement and cement-sand mortars. After hardening, such surfaces are well tolerated by harmful external influences of rain, high temperature changes, snow, and mechanical shocks. Often plastered walls cover facade paints, then the building becomes neat and smart, but here it is important to choose quality paint, which will also be resistant to external influences.
• Cement and sand compositions are also suitable for interior decoration. If the premises are industrial, then the plastered walls are not subjected to additional finishing.

Walls in apartments office space cover cement-sand mortar during construction or overhaul, when it is necessary to hide large irregularities that occur during uneven laying of blocks or bricks. As a rule, such a coating serves as the basis for:

• Insulation of walls, corners.
• Further filling with plaster compositions.
• Wallpapering.

The better to plaster the walls in specific conditions, figured it out.

Preparation of material and tools

Before starting work, it is necessary to stock up on the necessary set of tools and materials so that there are no difficulties and hitches in the process of work. For work you will need:

• Dry mix and water or ready solution.
• Drill with mixer nozzle for mixing the mixture.
• Measure for water and steelyard.
• Plaster mesh to ensure the rigidity of a thick layer (in basements, facades).
• Dowels, self-tapping screws for fixing the grid on the wall.
• Beacons (special profiles for even application of the mortar over the entire plane of the wall).
• Scissors for metal for cutting mesh and beacons.
• Tape measure for precise measurement of sizes and distances between beacons.
• Bubble level and plumb line.
• Perforator for drilling holes for dowels.
• Construction pencil (thick) for marking.
• Trowel for throwing mortar on the wall (with manual throwing).
• The rule for leveling the bulk of the solution between the beacons.
• A set of spatulas for leveling plaster.
• A trowel for leveling the cement-sand finish layer.
• Gloves for protection of hands.
• Watch to track the time between mixing and mortar setting.

Work surface preparation

Once you have decided how to plaster the walls, you should start preparing the walls for the workflow. Before starting work, the wall must be thoroughly cleaned of dust, dirt, foreign and protruding elements. If the surface turned out to be even and smooth, it is necessary to make serifs for better adhesion of the solution to the wall.

Plaster mesh fixing

For cellars where necessary additional insulation and applying a thick layer, a plaster mesh is attached to the primed base. It prevents the formation of cracks during shrinkage of the building and prevents the mortar from spreading.

There are several ways to attach the mesh to the wall, but the most affordable in home use is this: the dowels are connected with wire in a Z-shape, so the closest fit to the working surface is ensured. Dowel-nails are fixed in increments of about 15 cm. Fastening is done from the bottom up.

In addition, the mesh is fixed using finely chopped pieces of a metal beacon: profile fragments 2 cm long are screwed to the mesh with self-tapping screws. In this case, the trimmings of the lighthouse serve as substitutes for dowel-nails.

Exposure of lighthouses

This procedure will ensure uniform application of the solution over the entire plane of the wall.

The distance between adjacent beacons should be a few centimeters less than the length of the rule.

The markings start from the corner at a distance of 15-20 cm. Holes for dowels are made on the drawn vertical line. Further, using a level or plumb line, put the dowels on the self-tapping screws in one plane so that the wall turns out to be even without drops.

Further, a small amount of solution is applied to the lines between the fasteners to fix the beacons, then by pressing the rule, the beacon is installed in the caps of the screws. The protruding solution is smeared or removed. After installing several beacons, check the evenness of the installation. After a few hours, the wall is ready for plastering.

wall plastering technology

Consider how to plaster walls with cement mortar. We prepare the solution according to the instructions on the package. To do this, we use a steelyard and a measure for water in order to accurately observe the proportions of substances. Mixing is done with a drill with a mixer.

We plaster the walls along the lighthouses as follows: using a trowel, we throw the mortar onto the wall evenly over the entire plane and, using the rule, level it. Using spatulas, we correct small irregularities. If it is required to apply a large layer of mortar, it is necessary to do this in several stages with thinner layers, otherwise the thick layer to be laid will fall off or drain.

If further finishing is not expected, it is advisable to grout. To do this, the same solution is diluted with water to a creamy state, applied to dried plaster and rubbed with a trowel.

If subsequent finishing is implied (puttying or wallpapering immediately), the dried plastered surface is cleaned sandpaper to remove possible irregularities and traces of spatulas and primed with special compounds.

The above technology describes how to plaster walls with a cement-sand mortar. Other types of plaster coatings are applied in a similar way.

Gypsum plasters

Now let's look at how to plaster a wall with gypsum-based plaster.

Unlike cement mortar, gypsum plaster is more often used as a finishing layer in finishing, since it has a finer fraction and gives the walls an even, well-groomed appearance, it can be colored and textured.

Also, gypsum plaster can be applied as a basis for further finishing directly on the lined wall. In this case, the application technology remains the same: cleaning the surface, priming, placing beacons, applying the solution. Gypsum compounds are applied lighter than cement, this work is easy to handle. Basically, gypsum plasters are sold in the form of dry mixes, the preparation of the working composition should not cause difficulties - detailed instructions are everywhere attached.

More often, gypsum plasters produce a thin putty of the cement-sand layer, having previously primed it.

We also plaster the walls with our own hands decorative compositions. Especially if you want to give the walls a unique pattern. There are special plastic compositions with which you can apply a variety of textures and ornaments.

The choice is yours

How to plaster the walls is a personal choice for everyone. The most important thing when choosing a material is to take into account the conditions in which it will have to serve so that there are no problems during operation. As you can see, cement mortars are universal and can serve anywhere, but with interior decoration they often require additional coverage. Walls with cement-sand cladding are guaranteed to withstand various suspended structures. Gypsum plaster will give your wall a neater, smoother look and is easier to apply, but if it is chosen as the base layer, hanging cabinets can be difficult due to the softness of the plaster, although it will hold up well.

In any case, the plastered surface always lasts a long time; this method of finishing any walls and rooms is the simplest and most versatile. How to plaster walls - choose wisely!

Today, there is no need to prepare a mortar for plaster, because ready-made formulations are provided on the market. The problem with plastering walls is not the lack of material, but the difficulty of choosing one or another composition for plastering works, because a beginner in the repair business can easily get confused by the abundance of goods of this type.

Signs by which the types of material differ: readiness and basic substance. According to the degree of readiness, dry and ready-made mixtures are distinguished. The first type is characterized by low price and convenient transportation. To prepare the material, the mixture is mixed with a certain amount of water, it is best to do this not manually, but with a drill with a special nozzle or a construction mixer, especially if there is a lot of solution. It must be stirred with great care, otherwise poorly mixed particles will quickly seize, which will lead to damage to part of the material.

The second type is a ready-made solution that does not need to be diluted with water. Such material is sold in a plastic container. The main advantage of the mixture is the absence of the need for preparation, which is often dirty and requires special tools. However, the cost ready mix will be higher, it also requires special conditions for storage. The finished material is usually gypsum. The option is suitable for those who want to make repairs a little easier.

The next classification is according to the composition of the mixture or the main substance: cement-sand, gypsum and lime-cement mixture. The first variety contains sand as a filler, coarser sand will make the wall rougher, and fine, on the contrary, smoother and smoother. Larger sand plaster is used for outdoor work, and walls inside the house are treated with a mixture of finer sand. This type material is not used for finishing the room.

Gypsum material is well suited for finishing, on which paint will later fall or wallpaper will be pasted. In rooms with even walls without strong flaws, surface treatment can only be done with gypsum plaster.

Lime-cement mixture is often used in the reconstruction of dilapidated buildings. When carrying out internal work, such a coating is also used. The mixture perfectly retains heat, prevents the development of fungus, but does not high strength. Plaster can be processed not only in the bathroom or kitchen, but even in the cellar, so it can be called universal.

Types of plasters on cement

Knauf, in addition to standard plaster, produces a special mixture called Adhesive, which is used to spray the base and has a high adhesive power. The company also produces Grunband plaster with expanded polystyrene filler, the material retains heat well and has good water repellency.

Ivsil produces cement decorative plaster and a special type of mixture - a heat-insulating coating with a porous filler. The products of this company contain polymer additives that add plasticity to the material.

"Ceresit" makes high quality plaster, which has excellent adhesion to any mineral bases. The solution can fill deep irregularities, with its help, finishing is also done.

"Perfekta" - coatings, leveling concrete bases and brick. If there is a problem with how to plaster brick walls, this solution is suitable in such a situation for both external and internal work.

The domestic company Osnova produces light cement plaster suitable for any type of base, it is durable and has good thermal conductivity. The Hercules brand has the most low price of the presented mixtures, but at the same time quite high quality. Suitable for any surface.

Before plastering the walls, it is necessary to apply a primer of the same brand as the plaster used. This ensures the best optimal adhesion of the coating to the surface.

Gypsum plaster

Firms producing ready-made cement mixtures, usually produce gypsum plaster. This type of material is used quite widely, although it is not suitable for wet rooms.

It is recommended to use a gypsum-based mortar if the ultimate goal is to create a completely smooth surface. The material has high plasticity, but quickly becomes hard, therefore, when applying it, you need to work quickly, kneading the plaster in parts. The solution can not be used for outdoor work.

To understand the better to plaster walls, you need to start from the type of room, the quality of the surface on which the plaster will lie. If the basis of the solution is cement, it can be used in rooms with high humidity, but after puttying the walls will also have to be primed. Gypsum mix can make the surface even and smooth, after such processing the walls are ready for whitewashing, painting or wallpapering. But the mixture has a significant drawback: it is afraid of moisture, so it is only suitable for dry rooms.