German Facrow House Building Technology. Facrow House: History and Construction Features

Frame-shield buildings and structures include the II Group of Housing Capitalities. First of all, it includes half-timbered homes.

As an independent style of building houses, Fakhverk originated in Germany in the XV century. The word "Faxer" translates from German as panel (shielded) construction (Fach - Panel, Werk - construction). Facrifical structures were used for construction in the most different areas. Houses, warehouses, hospitals, town halls and even small churches were built on the wood frame. Wooden designs are performed both frame and decorative function. Today, half-timbered houses in the West return to modern life because of the large glazing area.

Facrifical houses in the center of Europe were attached to the medieval city of peculiarity, but there were enough harsh under the conditions of household comfort. Due to the fact that the enclosing structures of these structures have high thermal conductivity (in most cases, their thickness did not exceed 14-16 cm), the device on extensive unheated attics of residential premises for servants - reduced heat loss through the coating. With numerous design disadvantages, it is even cold even for soft winters of Holland, these houses, however, have become an integral element of the local flavor. In addition, the frame dwelling gave the opportunity to short times for minimal investments Solve an acute housing problem. However, even well-preserved buildings of the historical zone of the cities of Western Europe have numerous destruction and cracks in southern facades, since it is here that it is primarily the consequences of uneven overheating.

The reconstruction of old half-timbered buildings abroad is accompanied by the restoration of reprint editions of the beginning of the 18-19 centuries on the construction of half-timbered houses, starting with the study of the most important from the point of view of reconstruction of nodes. The richest even in local lordland material was assembled in Leipzig and other cities affected during the war.

Solutions of the cornisic nodes still cause a lot of difficulty. In the spring of our cities everywhere you can observe wet walls in the subcaround part with numerous cracks from the corners of the building. Classic carnis solutions always retain their relevance.

The enclosing structures of the half-timbered house are a double system of intersecting wooden beams, the space between them was filled with roughly oblied clay blocks, many of which were poorly preserved by the time reconstruction. With the presence of local materials, sandstone was used instead of clay fragments, etc. Materials that do not have sufficient durability. Fragments of a wooden crate in many places have fallen, collapsed and demanded replacement.

A flashing structure consists of a wooden frame and filler - clay or bricks, which fill the gaps between the bars. The structural elements in it are performed simultaneously and the decorative function. Wooden bars visible outside, give the audience a clear idea of \u200b\u200bthe structure of the building, so the need for such standard elements of classical architecture, like eaves, friezes or pilasters, disappears.

But wooden half-timbered buildings were serious flaw: Fire vulnerability (although oak wood is relatively resistant to high temperatures). In addition, the wood in contact with the filler was subjected to enhanced rotting and biological damage.

The city authorities often took fire prevention measures, the forbidden to fit the roofs of straw or removing thick stone firewalls (as, for example, in Osnabruck).

The cities encouraged the replacement of wooden facades stone, as in Nuremberg. This process began, apparently, earlier than many researchers suggest. For example, the house 12 on the Obera Kremergasse in Nuremberg got a stone facade no later than 1398. However, it almost did not affect the appearance of the building, with the exception of the windows configuration.

Initially, they were grouped three, and the middle window in each triple was located slightly above the side (such a window placement scheme was distributed throughout the Upper Germany and Switzerland). Neighboring buildings with a wooden framework on stone basements (houses 16 and 18 through Unthre Kremergasse) are dated later period, 1452 - 1560.

The materials that go to the construction of the building were not always determined by the wealth of the citizen-customer. The quality of some half-timbered buildings erected by orders of powerful guilds or rich patricians was extremely high. A typical guild building of the period of about 1480 - the guild "Brotherhood of Michael" - stands on the market square of the "wooden" city of Fritzlar. From neighboring residential buildings, it is clearly distinguished by the hall located on the first floor, which leads two arcades with staged arches, and the Erker, covering the three floors - from the second to the fourth. At the roof level, this Erker is transformed into an eight-marched tower with a spire. Such a narrow construction is the result of legislative restrictions related to the planning of the city: under houses with facades, small sections were given out. The design of this guild building rises to the Franconian tradition of wooden architecture common in Central and West Germany.

In Echingen (Swabia), a new building of the Holy Spirit Hospital was preserved to this day, built in the characteristic Alemann tradition of Fakhverkov, which dominated all south-western German lands. Its distinctive features, in particular, are small windows listed in narrow spaces between jumpers, and long distances between the frame racks. These racks together with struts form various geometric shapes, which were given anthropomorphic names. On the first floor of this hospital, a delict was located on the second and third - the rooms of the so-called "scientists" and servants. The kitchen was originally placed on the third floor.

The house on Knochenhauershtrasse in Braunschweiga can serve as a sample of the first sample, typical of the lower Saxony (although this type wooden structures Meets throughout Northern Germany). True, only fragments are preserved from an old building, but they clearly demonstrate the characteristic features of this type: all the bars are located at right angles to each other, the upper floors are issued far ahead, the frame racks are separated by narrow intervals, and finally the rows close to each other A friend of windows form the so-called "lantern". Window sills, decorated with carvings, screw frieze, inscriptions and typical lateral ornaments anticipate a lush decorative thread of the 16th century.

In 1480, Noystadt near Marburg was erected by the Junker-Ganzen Tower - a round fortified building of a mixed design, in which the stone was combined with a wooden frame. This tower served to protect the castle and a small village. In architecturally, it is a cross between the dong of the castle and the bastion of the fortress wall.

In Germany, more than ten years have special excursions - "Facrobovaya Street".

Facrifical houses are found in France, Great Britain, Austria, Belgium, Holland, Scandinavian countries, but especially by them Germany is well known.

Modern Germany has about two million half-timbered buildings. But, of course, the excursion route does not cover them all. The first part of the German "Facrow Street" was laid from Verbergland to Fogelsberg back in 1990. And now the "Facrobovaya Street" covers more than 2.6 thousand kilometers and passes more than 100 cities in different federal lands.

Today, there are nine routes on the roads and towns, which are monuments of a semisot - and even thousand-year history of the country (construction for this technology began a long time ago, but the peak fell on the XVI century). The most ancient of the still preserved half-timbered houses are, in particular, in Esslingen. Buildings of this city about 750 years. The oldest houses of Limburg-on-lane were built in 1289 (however, there are in Germany and older buildings of this type).

« Facrow house"- This is a house built by a specific model: Hard baking frame From the racks (vertical elements), beams (horizontal elements) and dilation (diagonal elements), which roof relied. The beams were most often from durable and durable oak. The upper floors were sometimes built of pine or ate. Fabulous, but today, after a few centuries, you can sometimes notice the Roman numbers on the beams - they are still on Earth, to the builder assembly, the builders laundered the place of each beam in the overall design.

In order to save the stone, only socles were built. People are suitable for themselves in two - three-storey buildings to build the entire first floor out of stone.

The space between the framework elements of the framework was filled with reed mixed with clay, branches, chips, straw and different construction garbage (and in England, and sheep wool was added to the heat). Thus, during construction, wood has been saved,
and besides, the filled "gaps" allowed the house to breathe - it was neither especially hot in the summer, nor cold in winter. Later, the space began to fill in brick, and often also laid out with his beautiful ornament.

The resulting panels were placed, and the carcass itself was usually left in front. High-timbers and today are rushing into their eyes with their clearly aparted with darkened dark and white elements. The rich townspeople filled the intercrowl space with wooden carved panels. Especially these architectural sings became popular at the end of the XVI - early XVII century.

The half-timbered buildings have its own terminology used by centuries. Basically, it indicates the features of the location of the beams in the buildings. Thus, the form of crossing, similar to the Latin letter "X", is called "Andreevsky Cross" (by the name of the Apostle Andrei, crucified on such a cross). Based on the Andreevsky Cross, a richer ornamental motive appeared, similar to the Russian letter "F". He became a symbol of fire and at the same time protection against fire. Another form is called "Man", or "Wild Man." In it, the side cosos arranged cuts of the beams intersect by a third or in the middle of the height of the carrier vertical beam. The design in which oblique sections of the beams do not intersect, called the "Swabian woman".

On the angular beams of the walls, ornamental curls, similar to the letter S. they served as chambers from lightning. The frightening masks at the corners of the houses are also "guard". The sockets were symbols of the Sun and, it was believed, brought fertility and abundance.

Facrifical houses in Europe differ both in style and national characteristics. For example, the British and French half-timbers are emphasized vertically-striped species, and German has several options, but with one general trend To the original ornament on the facade.

At the fronts influenced fashionable architectural flows: Gothic, Baroque, Renaissance. The facades of the half-timbers built in the renaissance period are decorated with decorative elements typical of the style: sockets, sinks, acacan leaves, wreaths, garlands, vases with flowers, mascarons, etc.

From Baroque at the phacomkov - allegorical shapes and high frontons with powerful curls around the edges. Often on the corner of the building or on the console supporting the Erker, the figures of burghers or characters from the sacred history appeared.

The dates, coat of arms and whole boards with inscriptions located on the facades were a special part of the decor. They indicated to whom the house owns, to which craft workshop there is a homeowner or what he is professionally engaged. And sometimes it was additionally writing something on the facade: wishes of well-being, various moral sayings. Actually, this is a prototype of our today's numbering of houses.

Facks began to leave fashion in the middle of the 18th century. More wealthy citizens wanted to use modern engineering communications, and they were not too combined with a half-forwarding design. And only in the 20th century, Nostalgia for Starne forced the engineers to come up with ways to combine modern and old construction: so in many towns, and even in large Frankfurt, reconstructed half-timbers appeared. They left the external walls, and the "stuffing" was completely replaced by modern.

Building frame houses Today is the main direction in construction. Foundation frame structure Most often make on a columnar-ribbon type. On the foundation install a wooden frame that is going on the principle of honeycombs in increments of 5-6 centimeters. The frame is performed from a bar produced from coniferous wood dried to 15% humidity.

Previously, the tree is processed by impregnations from the damage to insects, rotting, fire, as well as antiseptics. After installing the supporting structure from the outside, it is coiled with a moisture resistant plate, and inside the wall is filled with different fire-resistant insulation. So that the wind and moisture do not destroy your frame, on both sides, it is trimmed by a vapor-permeable membrane, i.e. Frame house - "breathable" house.

Inside, after installing the membrane, the frame is covered with plasterboard. After that, there is a layout of networks and communications, also closed with plasterboard. The result is a wall with a thickness of 20 cm, while all communications are hidden into the walls.

Plus the skeleton house is that the decoration of the residential premises can be done immediately after construction work. That is, no more than 3-4 months will be held from the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a house.

It is believed that these houses are very economical due to the more subtle, compared with the houses from logs or timber, walls. If, in accordance with the climatic peculiarities of Russia, the external walls of the log house must be at least 20 cm, then it is quite enough for a frame house and 15 cm. However, it should be remembered that the durability of the wooden house is 50 years old, and the frame-panel - 30.

Due to the effective combination of wood, insulation and insulating materials, it is possible to build a frame house that is suitable for almost any climatic zone. It is the universality of this technology, the possibility of developing a project for each individual order and made the construction of frame houses so attractive today.

Due to low durability, the reconstruction of the half-timbered houses is carried out today. But now it is suitable more boldly, which allows a huge accumulated experience.

Polyethylene closed old coating is rebuilt under the additional floor, it is extended above it mansard Floor, accurately repeating the contours of the old roof. And, although in Europe there is practically no own design forest, all work is carried out using wooden supporting structures, since their insignificant weight does not fit the existing foundation.

In Western Europe, when the reconstruction of historical half-timbered buildings is fully saved exterior appearance Constructions - bearing structures And the device of thermal sanitation of the structure is made only from the inside of the building, due to the reduction of the inner useful area.

After the reservation of the wooden structures of the flash inside the building, a wall thick was built 24 cm most often from porous hollow Bricks with such a calculation so that there is a gap between her and the flash wall 12 cm: 8 cm- for laying heat-insulating material, and 4 cm - To ventilate the flash wall.

Due to the measures taken, the thickness of the outer walls, as a rule, grows to 56 cmthat reduces living space. In this case, the question arises about the captivity of the attic. To do this, it is required to replace not calculated for the increased permanent load. wooden beams Overlapping, which by that time in many facilities fully produce their service life. In addition, during the reconstruction of the half-timbered houses, a device is performed modern bathrooms, among other things in the attic floors.

When solving arising problems, European builders went on the most difficult way for themselves, completing projects and conducting all work in the most gentle for old buildings. The inner wall is performed by half-timbered, with accurate observance of the dressing system that the outer walls had, therefore the replacement of the overlap beams does not cause difficulties, as the new beams are based on the front of the inner wall that has a higher carrier ability.

The need to preserve an ancient appearance complicates and outdoor finish. Outside, the house is plastered into three layers, and each layer before the next laying should be completely dryed. The amount of cement binder is reduced from the inner layer to the outer. The mineral facade paint is superimposed. The seams at the replaced wooden half-timber are not only carefully saved, but also plundered, and the preserved parts of the external clay walls remain in priority.

Since the main heat loss in the building occurs through windows, window Operactions In such structures there were a little, they were carried out small, because they fit them between the beams of the head.

therefore interior were not insoligated enough. In the device of new window openings, during the reconstruction, they tried not to touch the existing half-timbered system. To the attic step, the step step in the ends of the facilities was even more reduced, the windows of the windows could completely change the architectural appearance. In the late 40s of the twentieth century, the first models of inclined densities of Swedish windows arise. When reconstructing historical buildings, they were preferred, first of all, because they practically did not change the emergence of the building, merging by S. scope roof. And only during the period of operation it was found that the attic windows are passed by 40% more light than ordinary.

Reconstruction of half-timbered houses of 49 and the late 80s of the outgoing century. The first mansard windows were performed deaf, without opening

After the reconstruction and update of the historical development foundation, the attitude towards the attic has changed. With the device of the water supply, elevator, the electrical wiring of the attic acquired the status of elite housing. Modern communications not only equated the attic floor to any other, but even made it more preferable in terms of comfort.

The construction of homes according to this technology is the construction of a monolithic foundation, with a pre-calculated depth, depending on the existing climatic conditions.

Next, walls are built, such as wood glued timber, which should be coated with antiseptic means, and then, after the construction of the skeleton itself - varnish protecting against the effects of the external environment.

Coniferous breeds are preferably used as a building material. The half-timbered houses have a rigid frame of vertically placed racks, the beams are horizontally and diagonally located along the design, which constitute the feature of the entire design.

The empty space located between the walls of such houses should be filled with various building materials, and the stiffness of the construction will receive thanks to the same disconse. Bonding design details will affect the increase in the level of carcass strength.

To build a house for half-timbered technology, anyone can be selected land plot. When building a higher-timbered building building, it is possible to implement absolutely any architectural designs and fantasies into reality.

In our edges, the half-timbered houses appeared and received distribution relatively recently. Nevertheless, this construction technology has already managed to conquer a mass of supporters - and not surprisingly, thanks to a well-thought-out design, simplicity of construction using natural environmentally friendly materials, as well as the convenience of exploitation of the house in the style of the Facrow, are becoming increasingly distributed, including in our latitudes.

The history of the emergence of half-timbered houses has several centuries. The first facilities of this type appeared in the twelfth century. By the middle of the sixteenth century, the technology of construction of half-timbered houses in western Europe It was recognized quite suitable and received further mass distribution in many countries. House in the style of Fakhverk traditionally belong to low-rise construction - such buildings may include up to 3-4 floors. Currently, there is a growing popularity of the construction of single-storey half-timbered homes using modern technologies, including for the middle class. Currently, there are about two million buildings in this style in Germany - there can even be visited special excursions called "Fahverkaya Street".

Translated from the German "Famverk" - cellular (lattice) design. The technology of building houses in this style is different from other construction methods. The half-timbered house is a structure based on a wooden frame of carrier vertical racks, horizontal beams and diagonal squeezes. Processed with special compositions The glued bar of solid rocks is based on the basis of the building. The space between the elements of the frame of the 8-timed house is filled with panels or masonry from various material (bricks, stone, building blocks). During construction, cement-chipsticks are widely used - this material made by pressing from Portland cement with the addition of wood chips and stabilizers, is different high density, excellent sound and thermal insulation properties, weather resistance, as well as low cost and ease of processing.

In addition, modern technologies allow us to build the walls of half-timbered houses from special heat-saving glass panels (consisting of single-layer or two-layer glass, as well as triplex). This method allows the glazing of 75-95% of the walls. Thanks to modern technologies, three-layer glazing with filling the chambers of the glass windows argon provides the ability to get the equivalent of walls with brick masonry Thickness of about 80 cm - the thermal insulation properties of such a house are very impressive.

Traditionally, the half-timbered houses grows a two-tie or four-tight roof that rushed low enough so that in its shadows it can be hidden from the scorching sun. The tribute of the historical tradition and the main distinguishing feature of the construction of houses of houses Fakhverk is located in paragraph view of the wooden frame, which is collected from durable woods - oak, beech, grab, as well as wood coniferous rocks. This mortgage solution allows you to easily distinguish the facade of the house in the style of the headfront from the buildings in other styles.

Advantages and disadvantages of half-timbered houses

The half-timbered houses are nicely impressive with a neat view, ease and grace of design, and it is distinguished by ease of construction - such a building can be erected with minor labor costs in a short time, gathering a house of parts components like a constructor. Despite this, at home in the style of Fakhverk are characterized by a significant margin of strength and durability - this is evidenced by the built about three centuries ago the construction, still preserved in excellent condition.

In addition, it is possible to note the following benefits of the style in the style of the Facrow:

• characteristic for half-timbered buildings axial design It allows you to plan any sizes in them without the need to build inner bearing walls;
• in the house in the style of the front, the main load carry vertical wooden frame racks. This design is quite strong and at the same time light - due to this, the pressure on the foundation of the house is reduced. The half-timbered houses do not give shrinkage and can be erected on any foundation, in contrast to monolithic buildings, including lightweight species. This circumstance significantly reduces the cost of construction;
• the technology of the construction of half-timbered houses, in fact, representing the assembly of structures on the frame like the details of the designer, allows "turnkey" construction work (from pre-prepared material) in a short time - several times faster than traditional buildings from bricks, stone or bar .

The perfect construction style without any drawbacks, perhaps, does not exist. But most of the problems in the several centuries of the construction of the houses in the style of Fakhverk still managed to decide. The half-timbered houses with walls embedded on the basis of a wooden frame filled with clay saman, significantly inferior in the ability to save heat - compared to brick buildings. Using modern heat-saving materials, the situation has changed. It is worth noting that most insulation require replacement - in about 25-30 years. In the same time, square meter The resulting residential area will cost relatively inexpensively - therefore, the constructive solution of the half-timbered house allows you to save a significant amount during construction, which is more than enough for several cycles of heat insulation materials. With the use of modern construction technologies, heat transfer results were almost equally equal, modern houses in the style of Fakhverk are quite energy efficient - perhaps, in addition to the conditions of the Far North.

Glass buildings placed on the lap of nature look very harmonious and allow you to admire the surrounding landscape from anywhere at home.

Finishing house in the style of Fax

As the basis of the house in the style of Fakhverk, it acts a specially designed and located visor framework, which is made of glued timber, reinforced concrete or steel. In such houses, elements of the power frame in the form of racks, beams and squeaks are traditionally located in sight (outside and inside the building), emphasizing the structural features of the construction and giving it a special expressiveness.

Previously, the space between the carrier elements was filled with the saman, in modern conditions For this purpose, various building materials are used - bricks (in the form of ordinary or decorative masonry), a natural stone, gas and foam blocks with the addition of various insulation. For the construction of walls and the subsequent finishing of houses in the style of the Fakverk, you can also use:

• plate materials - for example, cement-chipsticks (CSP). Due to high wear resistance and durability, this material is widely used to finish the buildings in the style of the flash. The slabs are sliced \u200b\u200bby the grinder or the plates are stained into suitable tones with the help of water-mounted or oil paint, and then fixed with screws on the walls between the frame elements. Other slab materials are widely applied in these purposes - moisture-resistant gypsum fiber sheets, lining;
• wall plastered - this, quite laborious type of finish is suitable for brick and block buildings. For this fit waterproof construction mixes, the final layer of plaster can reach several centimeters;
• in the countryside with a harsh climate, the construction of a half-timbered house with glass walls may not be profitable. Thus, various adapted construction options have appeared with borrowing recognizable features of the Facrokch, including the facade finish in this style. In this case, an ordinary house from a wooden bar, bricks or building blocks can be used as the basis, and it is possible to pick up a very realistic looking decor made of polyurethane panels and a bar (with a cross section of at least 150x150 mm), simulating the half-timbered design. They are glued to the facade with the help of construction glue (plant on liquid nails, ceresit, etc.). The advantages of such imitation of the Facrokch can be attributed to the present appearance At low cost, resistance to various atmospheric influences, mold and insect, durability and durability.

Half-timbered houses do it yourself

If you have familiarized yourself with the available information and examples of projects presented on the Internet, and then thought about the construction of the half-timbered house with your own hands, it is worth considering that it is not easy at all. Construction companies argue that it will take some time to build such a building - it should be noted that it is understood that the house assembly of the kit previously prepared by specialists according to the developed project of the half-timer house, in which all parts and elements of the design are carefully planned and are calculated using computer programs. The connection of the beams is carried out with the help of special connecting seams that guarantee the strength of the structure - with independent execution of such works from zero, the presence of joinery skills will be required.

In case of use ready setFor the construction site, wooden bars prepared by the factory method (usually oak or pine or pine) with cut-off grooves, pre-painted and treated with special impregnation, as well as the front panels prepared for installation are taken. In this case, it remains to collect the house from the parts according to the plan - like a wooden constructor.

When building a house in the style of Fakhverk should take into account the following features of construction technology:

• for the construction of the construction, it will be necessary to prepare a lightweight foundation - it is recommended to use a finely blurred belt wide up to 0.5 m. The half-timbered house will not create a large load on the foundation, since it is largely distributed to the elements of the wooden frame. In addition, the walls of such a design are sufficiently rigid and no significant weight;
• the foundation is laid by a layer of waterproofing, on top set the strapping from the bar, fastening it with metal anchors;
• next, it is necessary to build a frame of glued bar, connecting it elements ( vertical stands and horizontal beams) in advancely planned manner, fixing the design with the help of dilation;
• for the construction of internal partitions, bars are used with a smaller cross section - they are fixed to the floor using frame dowels;
• the frame of the frame is connected to the roof rafters;
• it is necessary that the walls of the half-timbered home filled the frame from the inside, leaving the elements of its design in sight;
• internal partitions in such a house can be arranged randomly from any building material;
• various materials are used as insulation - for example, basalt cotton wool or cellulose fiber mats. In the case of glazing walls for heating at home, the "Warm floor" system or convection heat supply near double-glazed windows;
• communications are placed under the floor, as well as in the frame;
• the roof of the houses in the style of the Fakvert is most often covered with ceramic tiles or metal tile, sometimes leaf iron;
• after the work done, you will need to start an external finish. Wutching opaque walls and having stuck them into bright colors, you can give the house characteristic flavor of the half-timber.

Facrifical houses - Photo

The space between the beams and crossings, which, as a rule, leave the visible outside, is filled with various materials, these are skeleton houses, it doesn't matter whether it is either a board, in the header use.

In ancient times in Germany, the Germans were used to use clay mixed with. There is even a house built in the 13th century, which the German builder built in 1347.

Beams from the bar for such time, did not rot, and the wood became durable as a stone. This house, just just one century. Europeans have long been aware of the reliability of these houses, gradually they begin to appear in Russia. And all this was done by hand, without the use of power tools.

It is surprising that the half-timbered house can stand more than 500 years, it proves the reliability of this type of construction.

Today, technological solutions can be the most diverse in facrow construction Apply instead of walls panoramic windows, brick, wood, natural stone, etc.

Feature of German frame houses in Germany

A characteristic feature of the house in the style of Fakhverk is the speech of each top floor over the previous one. This historically existing feature is not related to the desire to increase the area of \u200b\u200bthe upper floor. It was done to protect the facade of the house, which is also a carrier frame of the whole building, from precipitation and extra moisture. Thanks to such an indention, water flowing on the walls of the upper floors, water flows directly to the ground, and the facade lower floor It remains dry.

Homes in the style of Fakhverk

Despite the fact that the widespread freight household houses was associated with a certain extent with the desire to save wood, this technology perfectly showed itself and has a number of advantages.

It is pretty inexpensive and environmentally friendly construction, which you can afford to build with your own hands. Homes in the style of Fakhverk are unusual and beautiful.

For modern construction More often used glued timber from coniferous rocks, which provides buildings strength and durability, but you can also use the usual bar, the main thing is to choose a dry-quality dryer.

Modern houses for half-timbered technology

Thanks to the use of modern, the modern Fakhverk style house will not only be aesthetically attractive, but also warm and cozy.

Choosing a material to fill the space between the beams, you can show fantasy and use, along with traditional construction materials, glass, carved tree, clay mixes, etc. It will be favorably played and protects the staining of beams or filler with modern paint and varnishes.

Having all these advantages, half-timbered at home are built today, many are ready to build similar designs with their own hands. In addition, fairly lungs in their essence, half-timbered homes do not require the construction. It is perfect for them, which will allow you to put such a house at least on the slope and on the purchase of land.

Video about modern glass frames Facing houses

Topics with the construction of houses on technology Fakhverk traditionally enjoy increased attention from Forumhouse users. The developers primarily attracts spectacular, "under ancient", the appearance of such a structure.

But in Russia rarely meet the authentic header. That is, the reasons, the main of which is to build a house on the technology of the Fakhverk, far from all. It affects a large volume manual labor and the complexity of all technological steps. There is a disadvantage of practical information, because Most of the benefits, instructions and examples are provided in foreign languages \u200b\u200band are collected in foreign sites.

Therefore, the majority of developers are forced to imitate the half-timber, making the layout of the "Under Facrek" from the boards, by the facade of the CSP slab or OSP. Top more interesting topic user of our portal with nickname aSX_75, There is a small "in one helmet", but the "honest" half-timbered house.

In this article:

• Acceptance of the technology of the Facrow.
• Building a house on the technology of Fakhverk.
• Tools and materials.

Features of the flash technology

Fackwerk (it. Fachwerk) is a frame that was built from wooden beams. The feature of the technology is a wooden, the feudless-beam frame of the house is not sewn outside and remains in sight. The space between the racks, drives and beams is filled with brick, less often a stone or, as an option, a straw, cane or reed, mixed with clay, which is then plastered.

It gives the house architectural expressiveness, awareness and at the same time imposes a significant restriction on the use of this technology in our harsh climate, even near Moscow, not to mention Siberia or the North.

The fact is that the frame made from a large cross section (200k200 or 200x250 mm) is a significant cold bridge. In addition, gaps may appear between the aggregate and wooden elements of the structure ("living" material). The wall will begin to blow by the wind. Open frame (wood) due to negative impact Atmospheric phenomena (sunlight, snow, rain, frequent transitions through "0") is subjected to enhanced wear. This leads to the need to regularly repair and update the facade.

In Europe, the climate is softer than in Russia, and at home, built on the technology of the Facrow, with proper care, are not worth the same age.

The half-timbered frame itself is going on the "Schip-Paz" technology braided and using a variety of compounds:

• writing
• connections in hardwood,
• half-fertility, etc.

It requires good carpentry skills and "naked" hands.

But all these disadvantages go to the background when you see a real half-timbered home. And, "honest", because Imitation of the half-timbered on the building, even skillfully performed and remains simulated.

This header will not leave anyone indifferent.

The main error of developers trying to symot - Selection of non-sewing boards for their layouts on the facade. As a result, the monumentality of the structure is lost, because the frame in the headband carries the main loadAccordingly, it requires powerful beams, drives and racks. The boards section 150 / 100x25 mm (frequently used for imitation of the half-timbered) look like some strange finish, as ordinary decorative "non-relief" on the facade.

Second error - pursuit of ideal layout geometry and bringing the surface of the boots to shine. At that time, if you look at a real front, it can be seen that any timber has irregularities, natural bends, defects, knots, cracks, etc. Those. Wood "Living", and its natural beauty is not "killed" excessive mechanical processing.

All this works on authenticity, and most importantly - the formation layout should be conducted not as "more beautiful seems" or "how you have to do", and strictly in accordance with the canons of the Facrow- where every frame element is not just like that, but is in its place.

If you have to imitate the first, then you first need to look at a not one dozen photos of old European half-timbered homes. To catch the essence of the frame elements, to understand how they work in a single system are linked to each other, and then try to repeat them on the facade.

Beams, drives, racks and other vertical and horizontal framework elements in the header perform a purely practical function - carry and redistribute the loads of the construction.

The real beauty of the building in the style of Fakhverk is the functionality of the frame, Where all the items are needed, and there is no place for excess details and cordial decorations.

How to build a real half-timbered house in Russia

The simplicity of the header (forms), not to be confused with the technology, can play a keen joke with a man who decided to repeat it. It seems that you can see pictures, buy a bar, take up the chainsaw and proceed to work. Such an approach will lead to a deplorable result.

Faxo starts with the acquisition of deep knowledge of this type of construction and project preparation.

It is necessary to spend time and explore the key elements of the house in the style of the Former, and how they are done. Indicative example - work aSX_75.

aSX_75 User forumhouse.

I had the opportunity to visit Germany. I saw the "live" so that I liked the real half-timber. He studied him, made photos of buildings, read recommendations, visited thematic sites. When he returned to Russia, he decided to reproduce the "Corner of Europe" on garden plotbecause There was a need to build a bath. I will say right away - I am not a professional builder. Much in my work was done on the Nativity, something is not for the canons of Fakhverka, somewhere I thought myself. Worked alone and with minimum set Tools.

Looking forward, we will demonstrate a photo of what has already happened from the participant of our portal (the house is now in the process of building the roof).

Now we return in 2016 and proceed to the description of the erection process.

To build a frame, and then fill it with foam blocks (this is a departure from the classics of the first, and why aSX_75he was chosen, we describe a little later), I had to try.

Interesting prehistory of this project. According to the user, at first there was an idea to build on the bath site. To do this, he chose a half-timbered frame, because I considered that it will not work out of bricks or blocks of units. The initial idea was as follows - the framework is put, and the space is sewn with OSP plates, followed by the installation of insulation and vapor and waterproofing.

But in the process of the construction of the carcass, he liked that everyone liked that the family council was decided to build a "gingerbread" house 5x4 m in size, and to redo the old bath brick housestanding on the plot.

Next - the idea of \u200b\u200bsewing the space between the OSB bias has disappeared. If and do the half-timber, then the real! In Europe, the half-timbered (space) is often filled with brick, but it requires certain skill and knowledge of certain secrets. Because Brick is not simply laid, but after special training or it, or bar. Without going into details, let's say that there are figured grooves for this.

Foam block is fairly handled, and aSX_75he stopped on it, especially since the inner partitions will be laid out of this material.

Foam block so that it fit in the frame, was used not a wall, but a partitioned.

Selection of tools and materials for the construction of the house in the style of Fax

By drawing up a construction plan, the user began to implement the conceived. First you need to decide on the material, tool and foundation. For the construction of the Facrow, you need to have a lot of specialized complex construction carpenter tool, with the help of which figured grooves, spikes, etc. are cut in the bar. But aSX_75it cost a much smaller set.

aSX_75

Choosing a different tool for the construction of the Facrow, I would like to get a "cunning" with an imported saw and slowly, carefully cut down the grooves. But cutting the tree along the fibers, and even more so the bar, the one more task. Thinking, I went to the electrical chain saw. Turning it on in the store, I decided that this is not my tool, in terms of job safety, so I bought a saber saw. I also needed a powerful perforator that I used in drilling mode. Spiral drills, hammer, chisel and kiyanka.

Although sabelle saws Traditionally, considered tool of destruction - sawing wooden partitions, frame elements, pipes, branches, etc., in skillful hands This tool will become an indispensable assistant.

aSX_75

Having tried to work as a "saber", I can say that she has proven itself perfectly. The leg with wide teeth is perfectly sawing a tree along the fibers, causing the plane, cuts the grooves. Moreover, I have a unprofessional tool, without a vibration damper, but it has significantly simplified the carcass assembly.

The frame went to the frame with a cross section of 15x15 cm. The reason is the massabryt characteristics of the material. Above we have already said that the beauty of the flash depends largely on the massiveness of its frame. A large cross section is attaching monumentality and thoroughness to build.

Such a frame no longer looks cheap butafory.

The user reasoned like this: a sequence of 10x10 cm looks non-serious, with a 20x20 cm bar is inconvenient to work alone, turn over, not to mention to raise the beam without the use of a crane or electric hoist. 15th timber - just right. It can be lifted alone, but it has sufficient massiveness for facrigous carcass.

There are no nice compound in the asx_75 half-timer. All parts of the frame fasten to the usual purchased braided with a diameter of 2 cm.

Moreover, begins are not just a connecting element, but play a large decorative role, giving the finished carcass with genuine authenticity.

aSX_75

Drinking bravely, I first climbed them flush, but then, studying my photo archives, I noticed that the builders of the flash often begged with a closure with the surface of the bar, and left outside a small "tail" with a length of about 3 cm. I really liked this element. Moreover, then you can hang a porridge with a flower.

They were peeled off not round, but slightly overtakened on all sides, giving them the type of hexagon. That so the connection is stronger. Holes under bent in two elements, with the classical construction of the header (stand-beam) is not symmetrically driving, but with a little displacement relative to each other. Those. First drill the parts (separately from each other), and then we connect them and are inserted. It also increases the strength of the compound, because When scheduling, due to asymmetric holes, a rigid node jam occurs.

It should be noted that the user refused this due to a significant complication of the work, especially since the node "Schip-groove" + the scored heater turned out to be very strong.

The holes under the height were drilled like this: a spiral drill on a tree (diameter 2 cm), through a clamping cartridge, robbed a perforator operating in the "drill" mode, in a bar. Important moment: The first holes of the user did "on the eyes", as a result, the crookedly went crooked. The following holes have already drilled over the corner level, which ensured the strict horizontal of the holes under the brazen.

I understand a bit with the theoretical part, go to practice. The construction of the half-timbered house began with the fill of the foundation. As a base aSX_75 Chose a pile foundation. For this purpose, a hole with a diameter of 300 mm was clogged in the ground, to a depth of about 1 m, the "sleeve" was placed in the well, from the rolled regteroid, pulled by the wire. Then poured concrete.

The level of pile headings was shown in the horizon using a hydroevoy.

Tip: Deciding to repeat this type of modern "folk" foundation, should not save on Ruberoid and Berat thicker, because Slim worse holds the shape, and the pile can turn out to be keg-shaped.

At this stage, it was not without errors. The distance between the pile was obtained different, because The first piles were made in 0.8 m. Then the user read that the distance could be increased to 2 m, but deciding to be reinsured, reduced it and chose an intermediate value.

The error led to the asymmetry of the frame racks, because The mounting points occur to the installation sites of the piles. But it added the "highlight" of the whole structure, because Often half-timbered houses do not have the perfect symmetry, which makes them more "alive."

After the construction of the foundation, it was put on a strapping from a bar with a cross section of 15x15 cm. These types of compounds were used as hardworth and semi-core.

Learn more about the features of the construction of a classic half-timber now in the subject aSX_75 . Our article tells. We also recommend an article, and. And in the video showing the nuances of the construction of a sumpsman with a facade under the Facrock.

The half-timbered houses saw many, although they did not suspect about it.

It is enough just to include some film, documentary or artistic about Germany. And you will see these neat houses, with figured frames, often sent by ivy. Many architects allocate such half-timbered houses in a special "German style". In Russia, they now began to build houses, imitating half-timbered style, while there are any rebound building materials, such as the same siding.

Many such houses I have seen on the Black Sea coast - you can not condemn people for such imitation, they just want them to look beautiful, and considering that our average salary is 20 thousand, and German in terms of our ruble - 120.000, then such people are starting to respect only more.

But in the given article will be discussed about the classic header and how to build a house in this style.

According to the rules, construction according to the technology and in the style of Fakhverka begins with the corner of the stones, to the place where the angle is formed from the beams of strapping and half-timbered racks, both intermediate and angular.

It is done in order to not give wood to grown.

According to the rules that have developed at the homeland of half-timbered construction have long been, a step between racks must be 2 feet (60 centimeters).

To date, when using half-timbered style, it is already ordinary, using concrete. It is easier and so to speak technologies, and if so faster.

At the next stage, they take wooden houseconsisting of racks, beams, riggers, dysproke, strut, upper and lower strapping.

If the project is a multi-storey house, then racks, as a rule, make a height of two floors. The elements of the half-timbered frame are made from a bar of rectangular sections. The strength and rigidity of the frame gives the use of the appropriate compounds of parts - on a secret thorny, on the sip of "swallow tail" and other types of wrinkles fixed to increase the strength of wooden brazers. (Agel is a fastener in the form of a large wooden nail.) The absence of any metal fasteners is the main difference between the traditional half-timber.

For the construction of the frame of the half-timbered houses, as a rule, the durable and durable wood breeds are choosing - mostly oak, spruce, fir, douglasia. It is generally recognized that wood is environmentally friendly, so it is most often preferred to other materials. With proper operation, wooden elements do not have any adverse effects on human health.

It should not be forgotten about the typical framework of the framework of frameworks, which form the so-called "figures": "Man", "wild man", "Andreevsky Cross" and many others with sometimes exotic names. These framework elements, always remaining in sight, visually dismember the facade on the panel of various shapes and create a very fancy drawing of geometric shapes. The decorative function of the frame - one of the main features of the half-timbered architecture.

For half-timbered construction, it is characterized by the use of carved parts: giving figure shapes protruding on the facade of beams, cutting of solar symbols and friends (elements of ornamenta in the form of stars included in the circle), decoration of corner racks of houses by carved wooden sculptures, decorating the nipple of the whites in the form of horsepower.

Fig. 1. The wooden frame of the half-timed house consists of racks, beams, riggers, ducts, struts, upper and lower strappings.

After the construction of the carcass at home at the next stage, the walls are filled with panels from the fascines (in Europe, the fascines weave or knit from IV rods, and in East Asia - Bamboo), sophisticated clay, saming raw bricks or, as well as from natural stone.

Brick inserts are attached to the frame on the pins inserted with one edge in the beams or racks. Another old way to fasten the brick inserts to the frame is to use triangular rails, which are attached around the perimeter of the face to the inner surfaces of the frame. At the same time, the triangular grooves under these rails are cut into extreme bricks.

Fig. 2. The strength and rigidity of the frame gives the use of various types of thickening compounds and wrinkles, fixed to increase the strength of wooden brazers.

Inevitably generated between the inserts and parts of the frame houses of the gap in the older caught wool mixed with lime, and then attached to the limestone.

In modern conditions, the sealing of the slots perform approximately the same way, but the more technological industrialized sealing and finishing materials are used.

In addition, to turn the half-timbered building into the house corresponding to modern requirements For comfortable accommodation, the walls need to be insulated and arrange additional sound insulation.

However, they arrange additional heat and sound insulation, as a rule, with inner Walls, trying not to violate the traditional, historically established architectural style of the Facrobine Building.

According to the established tradition, wooden beams frame paint in dark red, brown or even black. By plaster Wooden frame also by tradition, they will distribute "fatty" black lineSo that the framework details seem thicker, massive and durable. Moreover, this reception is used both in Germany and in China. Very often, the plastered panels are decorated with various vegetable ornaments, coat of arms, inscriptions or other images. If the filling is brick, then different geometrically correct, repeating patterns are laid out of the brick.

Most often, the source material for the main element of the first grade - filling is clay, as it is not true, it is widely distributed everywhere and it is possible to get it without causing any damage to the surrounding environment. Clay is an fine-grained sedimentary breed, dusty in a dry state and plastic during moisture. The diameter of its particles does not exceed 0.005 mm, but when compliance traditional technology The erection of graders in the period of subsequent operation, dust is not formed.

Another common filling material is a ceramic brick. The main raw material for its production is the clay described above, and therefore at the stage of operation a brick is safe for people's health. However, when evaluating the degree of influence of ceramic materials on the environment should take into account high energy consumption and industrial emissions At the stage of their production.

Occasionally, natural stone is used as filling. In most cases, the natural stone is friendly to man, besides, in its natural state, it has the necessary building properties, The main thing of which is durability. In the half-timbered construction, the natural stone is applied without any additional processing, so there are no waste, and when using local stone materials, loads and the environment associated with its extraction and transportation are reduced.

The roof of the half-timbered houses, as a rule, makes from traditional materials: tiles, cane and plates of natural or industrial slate. In wet climatic conditions They cover the walls of buildings. Currently, the slate has already ceased to produce asbestos, replacing it with other safe fibrous materials to human health.

However, when choosing modern building materials and technologies, it is necessary to exhibit certain caution and diligence, since not all of them are combined with the historically established and peculiar architectural style of half-timbered buildings.

So, for external window sills and external naschalnki, it is not necessary to use wood of coniferous rocks. Even subject to processing it with modern protective means It has a limited service life.

For these purposes, it is better to use traditional oak, although it is more difficult in processing, and it is much more expensive.

It is also not necessary to get involved in wide care for entrance doors and an entry gate, since heavy hints will inevitably lead to the deformations of wooden racks and beams of the frame. The distance between adjacent wooden racks should not exceed 120 cm, or, if it is still necessary to increase, steel structures should be used.

Fig.3. The project of the modern house in the style of Fakhverk with all the elements of this traditional architecture and technology.

It should also be carefully approaching the use of modern insulating and sealing materials when filling the half-timbered framework. The fact is that historically the walls of the half-timbered houses have always had a gap. This allowed for many decades to avoid rotting wooden framework details due to effective natural ventilation. When using modern sealing materials, it is necessary to provide special ventilation gaps and channels, which is not always possible to do without breaking traditional style half-timbered home.

Among the details that are poorly combined with traditional directions in the flash architecture, you can allocate metal doors With a large glazing area, especially if they have many decorative elements of a rounded form. Absolutely not suitable for the graded house modern plastic windows With wide overwhelms, devoid of small details of the binding. Such windows can completely destroy the architectural style and nature of the building. The similar effect is achieved and then when the windows are set up with a "step" in relation to nearby horizontal beams or bars of strapping. Do not forget that the intersecting beams and racks must divide the wall space on smooth rectangles proper form. Clear rectangles and squares are completely inappropriate on the facade of the house.

Unlike the design elements of the house when choosing a way to finish, decorative parts and color shades, the possibility is significantly wider. The frame and its filling can be both contrasting colors and painted in two close shade of one color, and even in the same color.

According to the old German tradition, at the end of the construction work, the half-timbered house adorn the branches of deciduous trees and arrange a celebration of the newly skill.

Fakhverk is not only construction technology, but also architectural style

Despite the centuries-old history and more than a solid age, the Fakhverk retains popularity in modern home-building.

The half-timber is a frame design of a wooden bar, consisting of a system of racks, beams, riglels, squeaks and strapping. It is the presence of separations, as well as a wide variety of compounds, fixed by wooden bellows and a rigging rigidity, distinguishes the half-timber from other types of frame house-building. Another difference lies in the fact that the elements of the frame are not hidden under the trim, and protruding from the flat surface of the walls, visually dismembering the walls on the geometric sections and giving the building texture clarity and expressiveness. The space between the wooden bars of the frame is filled with a variety of building materials, and the walls themselves are covered with plaster.

On a note

In antiquity, almost any rebunny material was used in the old-fach houses as a placeholder of the walls: clay, sinters, saman (mixture of clay with reed or straw), broken stone and even construction trash. The rich townspeople filled the intercrowl space with wooden carved panels.

To do not drink from above

Very often in half-timbered structures, floor ledges are used: the upper floors hang over the lower, forming a kind of step ledges. You might think that the goal is to increase the area of \u200b\u200beach subsequent floor. Partly this is. But this is only a consequence, and most importantly consisted in the other. In such a inaccessible way, medieval architects were protected by unreleased saman walls with a wooden frame from a destructive moisture, from which the facades of buildings with high frontones suffered primarily and large quantity windows.

Modern option

Today, instead of an ordinary bar, glued, more durable and minimal exposed to deformations and cracking is most often used instead of an ordinary timber. The glued bars and beams made in the factory conditions may have a different cross section and non-standard length (up to 18 m), which allows you to implement any architectural ideas. In addition to the glued timber in modern half-timbered homes, the carrier frame of metal thermopropil can be used. It can be embedded in the half-timbered frame of a modern fiber insulation, although due to the presence of the separation, this procedure becomes notably complicated, because in the thickness of the insulation, in no case should remain empty "pockets".

Tradition and innovation

More expensive, but a very effective option "insulation" - energy-saving glass windows-you. The facades can be glazed almost 100%, while the house creates a unique spirit, which could be called the kingdom of space and light. The use of a large amount of glass does not affect the strength of the building. Custom glass windows with low-emission glass (i-glass, to-glass) allow you to achieve a low heat lope corresponding to modern standards In terms of heat supporting residential buildings. That, in combination with modern heating systems, it provides heat and comfort with very modest energy consumption. Well, in order to burn out from immodest eyes, it is enough just to delay the curtains.

Facrokrock on "Simplified"

Supervises a simplified version - the outer and interior finish of the house in the style of the head. It lies in the fact that wooden decorative elements, imitating racks, beams and half-timbered frames are pasted on plastered walls. These wooden parts are painted, as a rule, in a dark contrasting color. Such a solution applies to houses built in different styles from different materials. Under the elegant half-timbered "skin" any constructive "skeleton" can be hidden: a frame, an unrestogulous timber, a brick or foam blocks.

Facrous frame house with their own hands - an example of a project and construction

The reputation of houses of a frame type, including half-timbered, undermined in our country.

Maybe not hopelessly, but seriously enough. There are a lot of reasons for this. After all, we all dreamed of the cheapest and affordable houses. And when at the end of the last century, in the domestic market, they finally appeared relatively inexpensive and energy-efficient frame structures (for some reason they were immediately called Canadian, although they often had no relation to Canada), everyone was delighted.

Here it is! It happened! Simple and warm home! But instead of adopting the western experience in the construction and operation of such houses and creatively process it in order to adapt to the Russian conditions, customers and builders rushed to save on everything and all.

The ideology of the customer, however, is quite understandable: to pay smaller, but get bigger. As a result, the "Canadian" houses first lost air heating and cooling systems. Followed in the fly and the system of forced supply-exhaust ventilation.

Builders also contributed both to the "economy" of building materials and to simplify structures, which was often fraught with very unpleasant consequences. "The combined efforts" in a matter of years led to the fact that most customers still do not want to hear about skew houses.

As a result, builders who know how to build good frame structures, for 15 years they have been trying to restore their Renomes and prove that the frame house was, there is and, perhaps, for a long time will remain the most inexpensive, technological, energy efficient and economical in operation.

They have to in practice to prove their right thing to be implemented by each customer, demonstrating the objects delivered. And advanced builders even develop new framework technologies, profitable ... (Do not be surprised!) For the customer.

However, unfortunately, the distrust has rooted somewhere very deeply, and, probably, that is why the volumes frame construction grow extremely slow. But, fortunately, they grow up.

How to return Prestige carcass?

It was above this issue in 2007, designers and builders of Zaoksky expanses and landscapes thought. They developed a fairly simple and clear modular design and construction system of half-timbered homes, the essence of which is reduced to the following. The house frame is assembled from glue racks and beams with a cross section of 200 x 180 mm.

At the same time, the racks are mounted with a strictly defined step - approximately 2.5 m (from where it follows that the system is modular), which corresponds to the double width of sheet cabarton sheets, CSP and OSP-plates used to cover the framework, and, therefore, reduces Minimum amount of waste.

In addition, such a powerful frame, which remains visible outside and from the inside, as is customary in the header, ensures durability and reliability. collected design. It is curious that at the same time it does not have all sorts of pumps and the like elements peculiar to the classic step.

Instead of them, the stiffness of the design gives the sheets of OSP or CSP, mounted by the verses in the frames of the frame (the technology of filling out the openings is Know-how).

For connections wooden elements The framework among themselves were developed original unified nodes (all about ten), which is convenient for designers - now they immediately create not only the project of the house, but also a special file that allows you to control the automated line manufacturing the necessary racks and beams.

No less convenient for the new system and builders. After all, the construction site arrive already ready details With connecting cups and spikes and even with grooves for the installation of metal connecting elements (they are also used in the design).

At the same time, nothing is required to be customized - choose the desired fragment of the brought packs (the assembly is carried out in a strictly defined order, which cannot be broken), mount into place and fix the compound of the metal part specified in the accompanying documentation (tugar screws, metal perforated elements, etc. are used. P. - The need to use each of them defines the designer).

If some part is not suitable, the collector (it is more correct to call it this way), not trying to fit on its own, as it is usually accepted at the construction site, stops and causes the Proba.

However, advantages new system This is not exhausted. Since the design being created is not exposed to shrinkage, it is permissible to install large-sized double glazing windows directly to the perfumes formed by a frame, saving thus on their expensive frame framing. But it is not all.

The created design can be insulated to the degree of energy efficiency required by the customer. Wants a client to build a passive house - no problem.

Facrow house on the slope

On the construction of a graded house with a total area of \u200b\u200b302 m 2 by the company "Zaokskaya spaces and landscapes" by its own technology in a fairly detailed in the photo report with construction site. We will add only some comments.

Location of development is located near the Museum-Reserve "Polenovo". The terrain there is quite hilly, the height difference from one edge of the site acquired by customers to another was about 6 m.

The height difference in the "Stain of the Development" is 1.5 m, which forced the builders to make a stepped pile-painted foundation and ground overlap. The steps inside the house helped not conditionally, and actually divide the internal space of the first floor to the residential and public zone with the ceilings of different heights. Residential premises of the second floor are located at one level.

Add a few words about saving money ... customer.

If you build a similar house in modern, but, for example, standard half-timbered technology, then due to an increase in the material consideration and elongation of the construction time it will cost about 500 thousand rubles. more expensive. And if extensive window openings are filling in glass packages inserted into the frame, admitting warm aluminum, the cost of construction will increase by about 800 thousand rubles. And, as it seems to us, the customer, moving in a new home, will be happy to spend the saved funds, for example, to furnishings.

Facrow House - Project and Construction: Photo

Building country house in style ... how to make a chair in the style ...