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The construction of a gable or hip roof and not always rational and expedient when it comes to outbuildings, industrial and commercial facilities, and sometimes private houses in modern style. High material consumption, a complex truss system make the construction of these structures an economically unprofitable, protracted undertaking. While flat roof projects greatly reduce construction costs, build quickly and are suitable for almost any structure.
A house with a flat roof is reliably protected from increased wind load. However, without slopes, it cannot quickly drain rain and melt water from the roof surface.
The situation is complicated by the fact that the surface roofing materials has a rough structure that does not allow moisture and snow to slide off freely. Therefore, the device flat roof, mounted by hand, must comply with the stringent requirements of building codes for waterproofing, ramping and construction technology.
The structure of the roofing pie
The need for a high level of protection against moisture forces the roofing materials of a flat roof to be arranged in layers, one above the other, forming the so-called "pie". If we consider its device in section, we can see the following layers:
- Flat base made of concrete slabs or profiled metal sheets. It provides structural rigidity, bears weight roofing cake, passing it to the load-bearing partitions and, as a result, to the foundation. At the exploited roof, the base should be as rigid as possible.
- vapor barrier. A layer that is necessary in order to protect a flat roof from the penetration of vapors from internal heated rooms into the thickness of the insulation. Settling on thermal insulation in the form of condensate, water irrevocably reduces its insulating properties by more than two times. As the simplest vapor barrier use polyethylene film or coatings based on bitumen.
- insulation. For thermal insulation of a flat roof, backfill materials are used, such as expanded clay, perlite, slag, rolled, for example, mineral wool and in the form of plates, in particular expanded polystyrene. By the way, insulation is used not only to regulate the temperature regime, but also to flatten a house with a flat roof. The main requirements for insulation are low hygroscopicity and thermal conductivity, light weight.
- Waterproofing. A flat roof allows the use of rolled materials for protection from moisture: bitumen, polymer and bitumen-polymer. In addition to high waterproofing qualities, they must be resistant to temperature extremes, elasticity, and long service life.
Types of roofing and the nuances of their installation
The device of a flat roof determines the design and nature of use. The following are distinguished into separate types that require a special approach during construction:
Roof installation for unheated buildings
If a flat roof is erected with your own hands for an unheated utility room, for example, a shed, gazebo, shed or extension, the slope is organized using support beams.
They are installed at an angle of 3 degrees, which is 30 mm for each running meter beam length. Then a base of unedged boards is laid on the beams, fixing them with nails or self-tapping screws.
Roofing material is used as a waterproofing agent - the most affordable material. It is produced and sold in the form of rolls. Carry out the cutting of the waterproofing, cutting the strips so as to lay them in the direction of the slope of the flat roof.
Strips of roofing material are laid in stages with an overlap of 10-15 cm and fixed wooden slats or steel strips every 60-70 cm in the direction of the drain, so as not to block the path of flowing moisture. The flat roof of an unheated room is easily mounted by one's own hands, even by one worker without the help of helpers.
Roof installation for heated buildings
If they are building a private house with a flat roof, which they plan to connect to the heating system, then the work takes place in the following order:
To build a house with a flat roof, the length of which exceeds 6 m, a bar with a section of 150x150 mm or more, or a steel I-beam, is used for the manufacture of support beams.
Monolithic concrete roof
Another option for building a flat roof with your own hands is to use monolithic concrete. The process looks like this:
Decline process
- the device of a small angle of the roof surface for organizing a drain. Before building a house with a flat roof, it is better to decide in advance which drain you will install, internal or external, and make a drawing.
If provided, water should drain with the help of a ramp into the water-catching funnels, which are located 1 per 25 sq.m or more often. If you make an external drain, then moisture should fall into the gutter. The slope is formed by the following methods:
A flat roof without a proper slope is an unreliable shield between you and the weather. Moisture that has no way out will accumulate on the surface of the roof, provoke the destruction of the roof and leaks.
Video instruction
Flat roofs in our time are undeservedly forgotten and are not spoiled by the attention of developers. In private housing construction, they are found mainly in the southern regions, where heavy rains and snowfalls are rare. Hip roofs, on the other hand, have become firmly established in the designs and minds of homeowners.
This state of affairs is explained simply: until recently, builders did not have reliable and durable waterproofing.
Standard roofing material - cardboard impregnated with bitumen, cannot resist moisture and temperature changes for a long time. Even a thick 4-layer coating of it has to be changed after 6-8 years.
Today, interest in flat roofs is starting to grow.
There are several reasons for this:
- Economic benefit. The cost of arrangement is lower than that of a tented one (more simple design and smaller area)
- Additional effective area. There is a possibility of rational use(flower garden, playground, recreation area, swimming pool);
- Availability for maintenance and operation (cleaning drains, installation of air conditioners, antennas, inspection of coatings, ventilation and smoke channels);
- The layer of snow plays the role of additional thermal insulation, reducing heating costs.
- Original appearance building.
Types of flat roofs
Strictly speaking, you will not see a completely flat roof on a building. Any of them has minimum slope from 1 to 4%, necessary for the runoff of atmospheric precipitation.
There are four types of flat roofs:
- unexploited;
- exploited;
- green (lawn);
- combined.
Unexploited roofs are found on industrial buildings.
Exploited roofs have found application in public and private construction. They equip recreation areas, place cafes and restaurants, use them as parking lots and helipads.
Green (lawn) coatings are made to decorate buildings, as well as when there is a shortage of space on the site. In addition to the aesthetic function, they perform an important practical task. A layer of vegetable turf is an excellent heat and sound insulator.
Combined roofs with a flat surface are the most common option. Comfortable stay on fresh air surrounded by green grass and flowering plants everyone likes it.
According to the method of drainage, houses with a flat roof are divided into two types:
- With internal drain;
- With external water discharge (along the perimeter of the roof).
Internal drainage is cheaper than external, because it does not require a large number gutters, pipes, funnels and high-altitude work on their installation. In execution it is more difficult. Errors in creating a slope, poor-quality sealing of joints lead to leaks and a violation of the integrity of the protective layer of waterproofing.
In operation, flat coatings with internal drainage are more profitable. In winter, icicles do not grow on the overhangs near such a roof. Downspouts pass inside the building and therefore do not freeze. Cleaning funnels from debris is easier and easier than hanging gutters.
Device Features
According to the method of arrangement and the location of the structural layers, experts distinguish two types of flat roofs:
- Classic;
- Inversion.
The classic roofing "pie" is equipped according to the following technology:
- on reinforced concrete floor slabs, they make a ramp out of a cement-sand mortar;
- lay vapor barrier and insulation;
- lay down waterproofing membrane or ruberoid carpet;
- if the coating is to be used, then the waterproofing is protected with ceramic tiles.
The construct of the classical flat roof
The main disadvantage of the traditional design is the vulnerability of the outer insulating layer to solar ultraviolet radiation and temperature changes.
Working on a solution to this problem, engineers came up with the idea of inversion coating. In it, the main structural elements (insulation and waterproof membrane) are interchanged. Waterproofing is hidden under the foam, which is protected from external influences by a ballast layer of gravel or tile trim.
Inversion coating design
Accordingly, the technology of work is changing. A waterproof carpet made of roofing felt or an EPDM membrane is glued onto the slab or spread on it, fixing it at the junction with the parapet.
The slope in this case is created in one of two ways:
- Mortar screed on the plate;
- Insulation, changing the thickness of its installation.
Installation of thermal insulation on a flat roof
Water intake funnels and pipes are installed at the lowest points of the slope. In addition to them, ventilation is installed to remove water vapor that accumulates in the zone of contact between the vapor barrier and the insulation.
When arranging a coating designed for planting plants, the construct is supplemented with an upper layer of waterproofing. Drainage layers of gravel are poured over it, geotextiles are laid and fertile layer earth.
In addition to roofing laid on reinforced concrete slabs, developed projects of houses with a flat roof according to wooden beams.
Construction technology in this case may include the following operations:
- Beams are mounted on the walls in increments of 50-100 cm, fixing them to the masonry with anchor studs. The cross section of the beams depends on the width of the span, the design load and can range from 10x20 cm to 15x25 cm;
- Lay on the beams OSB boards, tightly joining them together;
- Spread the waterproofing membrane in 2 layers, gluing the joints of the canvases with high quality.
- They make thermal insulation from durable (extruded) foam plastic, gluing it to the membrane. A slope for water flow is created by laying the insulation in layers of different thicknesses;
- From above, the heat insulator is protected with a cement screed, reinforced mesh or tiled.
Examples of private houses
Among the developers there are many supporters of flat roofs. They are attracted by the ease of construction, the low cost of work and the possibility of placing a site for summer recreation.
A thick layer of snow on a flat roof is not a problem, but additional insulation
The design of buildings with such a roof fits perfectly into the style of minimalism, providing project developers with a wide field for creativity.
Spacious, comfortable and nothing more - the motto of everyone who chooses a house with such a roof. pitched roof visually makes the building heavier, and flat, on the contrary, makes it light and airy.
Facade appearance one-story house with a flat roof compares favorably with the fairly bored variations of the "teremkovy" character.
On it, most often you will not see gutters and pipes, the water from which gets on the walls and spoils the appearance of the finish. Internal drainage is effective, practical and invisible.
The device of a flat roof is one of the most simple and convenient ways installation.
Therefore, the construction of a flat roof is quite often involved in the construction of residential buildings and industrial-type buildings.
The article discusses the functions, advantages and disadvantages of a flat roof on wooden beams, the stages of its installation (demolition, creation of a drain and a roofing pie, installation of parapets).
Depending on the type roofing, the flat roof device is divided into 4 separate types:
- exploited;
- unexploited;
- inversion;
- traditional.
Positive and negative points
The device of a flat roof in frame houses on wooden beams is gaining more and more popularity every year.
The installation technology of such an exploited roof is so simple that with a small volume construction works, even a non-professional can cope with this task.
Even though it is called flat, it is still not horizontal.
When recreating it, a small technological bias is still very important - for 1 m of length it is 1.5-2.5%, provided that it is an exploited space.
In all other cases, this slope, according to SNiP, must be at least 3-10%.
If we are talking about the service life of the coating (corrugated board) on frame house, then it directly depends on the professionalism of the builders who were involved in its construction.
But at the same time, an important role is played by the choice of materials, the properties of which must correspond not only to the terrain, but also to other parameters.
In regions with moderate rainfall, corrugated roofs are most often constructed. Laying corrugated board on a flat roof is carried out directly on the floor beams.
It is important that the technology of installation and installation of flat roofs is observed, since any deviations from the specified standards, when using low-quality materials, can cause a decrease in the life of not only the roof, but also the building itself as a whole.
Advantages:
- The device of a flat exploited roof based on roll materials considered a model of simplicity and minimalism, from an architectural point of view:
- Smaller area, and therefore savings in materials;
- Long service life of a roof from a professional flooring;
- Simple mounting technology and device flat cover from corrugated board;
- Convenience during professional examinations and repair of the exploited roof of a house from corrugated board;
- The possibility of using this site for a cafe or a green lawn;
- Stability of roll materials under any weather conditions.
Important conditions:
- High strength, which is very important during periods of heavy snowfall, when it is under pressure from snow and ice. This indicator must be taken into account when the roof is in operation;
- The use of materials when constructing a flat roof of a private house, which are able to withstand severe frosts and hot sunlight;
- The roof must be heat-insulated and fireproof, according to SNiP.
Operated and non-operated types of coatings
The technology of the device of a flat exploited roof implies the wear resistance and strength of rolled materials.
Due to this, it is able to be homogeneous even with fairly strong uneven and long-term loads.
Such a roof is suitable for walking on it, like a corrugated roof.
Non-exploited corrugated roofing is less wear-resistant, due to the lack of a rigid base in it.
But at the same time, a corrugated roof is more durable and does not need special care.
The device of operated flat roofs today is carried out using the following materials:
- Use of roll materials;
- The use of polymer membranes;
- Use of asphalt and bituminous mastics;
- Application of materials with liquid rubber.
The device of a flat exploited roof made of corrugated sheets differs in the design of a roofing pie from any other roof.
A vapor barrier is laid on top of the ramp.
To date, several subspecies are known:
- directed;
- membrane;
- bulk.
Flat roof mounting scheme using different materials consists of the following steps:
- Vapor barrier with glassine, polyethylene film, roofing material;
- Warming with mineral wool, expanded clay, polystyrene;
- Gravel spreading device;
- The device of a bulk cement-sand or asphalt concrete screed;
- Priming screed;
- Device roll roofing from polymeric membranes;
- Installation of overhang and parapet from steel sheets;
- External drainage system;
- Installation of funnels for water drainage.
How is a flat roof slope created?
The formation of stagnant zones, thawing and freezing, the appearance of vegetation adversely affects the roof, reducing its service life.
The decompression device helps to combat these phenomena. SNiP, regulating their device, contribute to the flow of water to the funnels from the parapet, even with damage to the roof.
There are several ways to create a slope on the exploited roof of a house:
- With backfill heaters;
- On heat-insulating plates;
- With the help of concrete mixtures.
The most economical option for flat roofing on wooden beams is the use of wedge-shaped styrofoam slabs.
This method is considered the least laborious, in contrast to the demolition using a cement-sand screed. The most optimal is the creation of a slope with a slope of 1.7-2%.
All construction and repair work is carried out strictly in accordance with the requirements of SNiP, therefore soft roofing is no exception.
For construction companies, SNiP are the rules that guide the performance of work. Only in this case the coating will be durable and strong.
To work with each of the rolled roofing materials, there are typical technological maps, which describes detailed diagram flat roof construction process.
When creating a typical map, the requirements of SNiP for roofing must be taken into account.
So, when installing a flat roof of a house from rolled materials, SNiP II-26-76 is considered the main regulatory document.
In addition, the provisions of SNiP 3.04.01-87 are used, with a description of finishing and heat-insulating coatings, as well as requirements governing labor safety when performing such work.
Drainage system on a flat roof
The device of an internal drain on flat roofs of the house helps to eliminate moisture. by the most the best option is the organization of internal drainage.
To do this, the funnels are evenly distributed over the surface of the roof, carrying out the removal of water flows during heavy snowfalls and showers, preventing flooding. This is the main function of the drain.
The system of internal drainage and slopes is an indicator of roof care.
This suggests that it is important to inspect funnels, cleaning them of dirt, leaves, and also repair or replace them in a timely manner.
The device of an internal drain and slope is a sanitary standard, the miscalculations of which are carried out specifically for each individual case.
Initially, many people believe that the device of an internal drain and slope is not so important for residential buildings, however, a large functional load is assigned to it.
SNiP provides for the mandatory presence of an internal drain to protect structures from adverse effects.
It is important to perform the internal drainage device correctly, since if even small mistakes are made, there may be problems later.
At the time of drawing up the construction project, it is important to plan for the presence of a drain.
Making a roofing cake
The installation conditions of the operated roof provide for the mandatory presence of a roofing pie, as it prevents heat loss. Protecting the roof from overheating is also one of the functions of the roof threshold.
The device of a roofing cake for a flat roof implies the presence of such layers:
- base;
- steam insulation;
- insulation;
- hydroprotection.
Each of the elements of the roofing pie performs its function. If the work on creating a roofing pie was performed in violation of the instructions, then the entire system will not function correctly. As a result, the work will have to be completely redone.
During the creation of a roofing pie, the following points are performed:
- steam isolation;
- creating a crate;
- insulation installation;
- work with waterproofing;
- ventilation system.
Subject to all the requirements for the construction of a roofing pie, you can be sure of a positive result of the work carried out.
Minimizing costs and increasing the speed of work have long been current trends in the construction industry. The frantic pace of life and production processes forces developers to choose those designs that allow them to deliver the project as quickly as possible, cheaper. Therefore, for multi-storey residential buildings typical building, industrial facilities, office buildings are increasingly choosing a flat roof based on rolled waterproofing materials.
A flat roof, which replaced the intricate designs of gable, three-slope and hip roofs, is completely utilitarian. Its roof cake protects the building from moisture penetration and maintains optimal temperature regime inside.
Technology The use of modern roofing roll materials and installation methods guarantee the highest level waterproofing and thermal insulation. In what conditions and for what design a flat roof is appropriate, we will tell in this article.
Performance and Benefits
The name "flat" has a figurative meaning, because even though such a flat roofing cake does not have slopes, there is still a slight slope in it. After all, completely flat, even structures will not allow melt water and rain to drain into the designated places.
Without even a small slope of 2-3 degrees, excess moisture accumulates on the roof, forms puddles, and provokes leaks. Unlike other varieties, the technology of mounting a flat roof from rolled materials has the following advantages:
- Economy. Comparing the construction costs of even the simplest gable design and flat, it is obvious that pitched options lose in terms of saving material resources. On this cost item, you can save up to half of the money included in the estimate for the construction of the roof through the use of inexpensive roll materials.
- Speed and ease of installation. Due to the lack of need for rafter system, flat roofing works are carried out very quickly, despite their large area requiring overlap. In addition, the workers performing the installation may not be highly qualified.
- High degree of protection against wind and precipitation. This point is especially important for the construction of high-rise buildings. Imagine a skyscraper with gable roof, the picture that pops up in the imagination will surely cause laughter. But without taking into account appearance such a roof, its installation is impossible due to insecurity. The higher the overlapped structures, the stronger on it wind load, the more gently sloping their roof should be.
- Rational use of space. The flat multi-layer cake of the exploited roof makes it possible to compensate for the entire area occupied by the building. Since it can be equipped with a parking lot, a swimming pool, a recreation area, a cafe, even a garden or install solar panels. While there is not enough living space in megacities, everyone square meter available space should be used as efficiently as possible.
Flat roof device
A structure in the form of layers of rolled materials is called a roofing pie. This cake consists of layers of three types:
- Base. Depending on how the roof is used, either concrete slabs or profiled metal sheets play this role. the main objective this layer to give rigidity to the structure. Since one of the features of a flat roof is that it can be used not only for the temporary location of people, but even for parking cars or arranging a pool.
- Screed. Its task is to set the slope of the roof surface so that melt and rain water can be channeled into it. To do this, use a concrete mix or cement-sand mortar. In roofs under construction, it is advised to lay a slope of 2-3 degrees, in restored or repaired - 1 degree.
- Waterproofing. A layer that prevents the penetration of moisture into the roofing cake. For its manufacture, bitumen, polymer and bitumen-polymer roll materials are used.
Important! The nature of the use makes adjustments to the structure of the roofing pie, adding special layers, but the base, screed and rolled waterproofing materials are present in any type of flat roof device.
Types by nature of use
The design of a flat roof, depending on how it will be used, is significantly different. There are the following types:
Simple operated roof
Roofing cake of an exploited flat roof
If the building project provides for the installation of an operated flat roof, a drawing is drawn up that reflects the sequence of layers of the pie. They are usually placed in the following order:
- Reinforced concrete base;
- Concrete screed;
- Waterproofing film or membrane in the form of a roll material;
- Drainage metal grate;
- thermal insulation material;
- Sand-cement mortar;
- Terrace cover.
Extruded polystyrene foam is used as thermal insulation or mineral wool in the form of solid boards. Most often, an exploited flat roof is covered with paving slabs intended for paths and parking lots.
The main disadvantage of this method of arrangement is that the insulation is located quite close to the surface, which can deform, sag, get wet, and therefore lose more than 50% of its peat insulating properties.
Inverted operated roof
Before the invention of membrane elastic materials, builders noted a significant drawback with a simple exploited roof - the rapid wear of the waterproofing layer, which was made from rolled bitumen derivatives based on cardboard.
Since he was at the top of the pie, his condition quickly deteriorates due to exposure to temperature changes, UV rays, and mechanical damage. The way out of this situation was the invention of an inverted flat roof, the arrangement of the layers of which is different.
It looks like someone turned a roofing pie upside down. Waterproofing from rolled materials, bitumen or bitumen-polymer material is laid on concrete slabs.
This is followed by a layer of moisture-resistant insulation, extruded polystyrene foam covered with geotextile is ideal. Upper layer, necessary for protection, is made by pouring gravel. This technology and placement of rolled materials has three advantages:
- The waterproofing layer of the roof, securely hidden in the thickness of the roofing pie, lasts longer, as it is not exposed to external influences.
- Condensation does not form on the insulation located in the upper part of the roof, it does not get wet, it retains high thermal insulation qualities for 20-25 years.
- Close to the surface of the slabs of the thermal insulation layer, it makes it easy to replace them and repair the roof.
green roof
This type of exploitable roof turns the top of the building into a blooming oasis, with lawns, flower beds or small beds with kitchen herbs and vegetables. In conditions of high gas contamination of cities, green roofs are not only decoration, but a means of their recovery and relaxation.
The peculiarity of this type of roof is that a layer of geotextile is laid over the insulation to hold the soil layer and the earth itself, which is subsequently sown with a grassy lawn mixture. It is important to choose a quality reliable waterproofing and moisture resistant insulation, for example, polystyrene foam.
Ventilated roof
The invention of a ventilated roof solves the problems of moisture accumulation in the thickness of the roofing pie. It penetrates there in various ways: it settles in the form of condensate on the insulation, accumulates in a concrete screed, and remains in the layers of the old roof. The breathable roof gives excess water an outlet - aerators, installed at the rate of 1 piece per 50 square meters. m.
Ventilated roof
Advantages of ventilated roofs:
- Installation does not require the removal of the previous roofing.
- Aerators guarantee effective evaporation of moisture, and a new layer of screed-decomposer effectively channels it through the drainage system.
- A method, the application of which is possible both during repair and during the initial installation of the roof
flat roofs different types opens up many opportunities for the implementation of bold design projects. This is the future of housing construction, modern technology for the careful use of free space, because the arrangement on the roofs of greenhouses, gardens, accommodation solar panels make the life of urban residents more convenient and comfortable.
Video instruction
December 9, 2017
Specialization: facade finishing, interior decoration, construction of dachas, garages. The experience of an amateur gardener and horticulturist. He also has experience repairing cars and motorcycles. Hobbies: playing the guitar and much more, for which there is not enough time :)
The device of a flat roof can be made according to several schemes. But which option should be preferred? I propose to consider all the most interesting technologies and their nuances, and you yourself can decide which option is best for you.
General information or what is a flat roof
A flat roof is a roof that does not have a slope. True, sometimes a ramp up to three degrees is performed, but, in any case, the slope is minimal. In fact, the roof is a ceiling, as it does not have a traditional truss system.
Most often, such a roof is based concrete slab. However, there is a lightweight version of it in the form of profiled sheets laid on floor beams, on top of which a roofing pie is laid.
Regardless of the type of roof construction, as a result minimum angle slope, it requires a special approach to the device of the roofing cake. Currently, as I said, there are various types of it.
All of them have their own advantages and disadvantages. So choose suitable option You can only get acquainted with their features, which we will do next.
Roof types
Currently, the following types of roofs are most popular:
Option 1: soft
Soft roofing involves the use of bituminous roll materials. Most often, it is performed concrete base. However, profiled sheets can also be covered in this way. The only thing is that you will first have to lay thermal insulation, which will not only insulate the roof, but also ensure a flat roof plane.
Most often for soft roof the so-called euroroofing material is used. Its composition includes polymer-modified bitumen, which is necessarily reinforced with fiberglass or other fibrous material.
The roofing cake of a soft roof includes several layers:
- Bituminous mastic. Increases the tightness and durability of the coating;
- Lining carpet. This is a waterproofing layer that is glued to the base either by heating the back surface or by "self-adhesive", depending on the type of coating;
- Base layer. Unlike the waterproofing layer, the top coat on the front side has a protective and decorative topping.
If the roof is warm, it is laid on the base thermal insulation material(extruded polystyrene foam, polystyrene or, for example, mineral wool), then a screed is poured. Next, the roofing pie is laid according to the scheme described above.
When installing a soft roof, as well as any other, it is important to properly equip the junction points. To do this, the roofing is mounted with a twist on a vertical plane, and a special junction bar is installed.
I must say that sometimes the roll coating is laid directly on the insulation, i.e. without concrete screed. According to this scheme, a roofing cake is usually placed on top of the corrugated board.
The main advantage of a soft roof is cheapness. However, it serves on average no more than 10-15 years.
Option 2: inversion
Principle inverted roof lies in the fact that the waterproofing layer is not placed on top of the roofing cake, but under the bottom. This technology increases the durability of the coating, since the sun, hail, snow and other adverse factors do not affect the waterproofing layer.
An inverted roofing pie looks like this:
- Bituminous mastic. Can be replaced with bituminous primer. The coating performs the same function as in the roofing cake described above;
- Waterproofing. As in the case of a conventional soft roof, a built-up roll material is used;
- Provides protection against any mechanical damage. Sometimes for these purposes, instead of geotextiles, a drainage membrane is used;
- Thermal insulation layer. Most often, the roof is insulated with extruded polystyrene foam, which does not need additional waterproofing;
- Thermally bonded geotextile. Performs the function described above;
- ballast layer. It is a mound of gravel or crushed stone.
As you can see, the insulation is located above the waterproofing layer. That's why this technology eliminates the possibility of condensation.
Option 3: operated
The name of this roof speaks for itself - it can be used as a platform for various purposes. For example, it can serve as a terrace, and sometimes even a pool is made on such a roof. Of course, to create any massive structures on the roof, even before its construction, it is necessary to draw up a plan and then take into account all structural features during construction.
As for the roofing pie of the operated roof, its structure is similar to the device of the inversion roof pie. The only thing is that on top of the geotextile, which covers the insulation, a layer of sand is poured and paving slabs are laid. Sometimes instead paving slabs pour concrete screed and cover it with rubber paint.
Option 4: roof-lawn
Roof-lawn, or green roof, in fact, is a kind of operated roof, however, the construction of a roofing pie is much more complex. It includes the following layers:
- Expanded clay. With its help, a slight slope is made;
- Cement-sand screed. Provides an even and smooth base over expanded clay;
- Mastic and built-up bituminous coating. These two layers are responsible for sealing the roof;
- Insulation. Extruded polystyrene foam of durable grades is used, which is protected from both sides by thermally bonded geotextiles;
- profiled membrane. Provides additional mechanical protection to the lower layer, and also to some extent performs the functions of a hydrobarrier;
- Geotextile. Serves as a separator between the membrane and the soil;
- Ground and lawn. Performs the function of a decorative coating.
In order for the construction to be durable, it is necessary to take a very responsible approach to waterproofing and use high-quality materials from well-known manufacturers for this purpose. If such a roof suddenly “leaks”, its repair will cost more than all the above coatings.
Option 5: membrane
Recently, there has been great popularity membrane roofs. This is primarily due to the fact that the principle of their device is extremely simple, and the service life is even higher than that of soft roofs, i.e. exceeds 20-25 years.
The principle is based on the fact that special membranes are used as roofing, which are laid on top of the insulation. Therefore, the roofing pie looks like this:
- Vapor barrier. It is used if the heat-insulating material absorbs moisture;
- Thermal insulation. Any slab insulation can be used;
- Membrane. Most often made of PVC. Due to the fact that the canvas is soldered at the joints, it forms a continuous waterproof coating.
Since the membrane coating is quite light, it is often used for roofs covered with corrugated board. The only negative is the high cost of the membrane.
The price of PVC fabric on average starts from 350-400 rubles per square meter. EDPM membrane, which is more durable, costs several times more.
That, in fact, is all modern options flat roof devices on a concrete base and corrugated board, which I wanted to tell you about.
Conclusion
Now you are familiar with all the popular types of flat roofs, and you can choose the one that suits you best. If something caused you questions or you can not decide on a choice, please contact me in the comments, and I will be happy to help.
December 9, 2017If you want to express gratitude, add a clarification or objection, ask the author something - add a comment or say thanks!
