What is cement waterproofing, main types: coating, polymer, methods of application. Waterproofing and diffusion polymer membranes: the right choice and installation

Not a single construction of a residential building or institution, not a single interior design is complete without the use of waterproofing. A wide range of offered waterproofing compositions will allow you to easily choose what you need. One of the widely used compositions is polymeric waterproofing.

Peculiarities

Polymer waterproofing for the most part consists of a bituminous emulsion, which includes latex particles. The choice of this waterproofing solution on the shelves of hardware stores is huge. The composition may vary. The content of the composition is directly affected by the manufacturer and the purpose of the solution.

Do not forget that a certain air temperature can affect the insulating compositions. This induces polymerization. As a result, a strong and viscous membrane is formed. Its characteristics satisfy all requirements in the process of construction work.

Advantages and disadvantages

The use of a polymer base as insulation has many advantages. By choosing the right waterproofing composition and the specifics of its application, you will get a surface that has a water-repellent property.

In addition, there are a number of positive aspects that are worth considering in more detail:

• To date, up to 400% elasticity can be achieved from a polymer base.
• The service life of the resulting waterproofing surface can be from 25 to 50 years.
• The guarantee of possible water ingress excludes the formation of monolithic coatings in which there are no joints.
• This material makes it possible to use it for any type of structures, including a complex or non-standard configuration, and even in the presence of relief.
• Polymer waterproofing is one of the most durable compositions, which is unshakable to any kind of mechanical, chemical, ultraviolet and temperature (from -60 to +110 degrees) influences.

• High wear resistance composition. The polymer base is characterized by the creation of a layer that subsequently does not become thinner, while remaining a reliable and uniform coating, regardless of the conditions and period of operation.
• Economic consumption of the material is achieved by a slight thickness of the coating of the polymer composition. This is quite enough to create a solid waterproofing.
• Create adhesion with different materials such as concrete, metal or wood, as well as many different types of finishes.
• This waterproofing composition is easy to apply. It is possible to choose necessary technology application depending on the presence or absence of certain skills and knowledge.
• The time required for the waterproofing composition to harden is minimal, which favorably affects the overall progress of construction work.
• No toxic fumes and toxic substances in the composition guarantee the safety and harmlessness of the polymer base.

• The insulating coating is highly repairable. In other words, if any defect occurs on the surface of the polymer composition, it is quite easy to restore it. To do this, you will need to apply an additional layer to an existing one around the entire perimeter or in the required area.
• The polymer composition has a vapor barrier, which is one of the fundamental qualities in order to create a comfortable microclimate and protect certain building materials from the adverse effects of water.
• A huge range of color shades of the polymer composition will allow you to use this composition as a finishing decorative material.

Like any product, the polymer waterproofing composition has disadvantages, of which its high cost can be highlighted. The composition is much more expensive than its counterparts, such as roofing material and bitumen. But it is worth noting that the quality of the resulting coating will fully justify the high cost.

Recognizing the merits and benefits of this option will allow reducing financial costs for additional repair work and replacement of a lower quality waterproofing coating.

Types and selection rules

A wide range of waterproofing polymer bases can confuse consumers, and therefore it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with the variety of insulating compositions offered by manufacturers in advance.

There are several criteria to help you choose desired material that meets all your requirements and wishes:

• Density. The consistency of waterproofing, which is based on a polymer solution, is usually divided into liquid and semi-liquid composition. It is worth noting that there is an alternative in the format of a rolled membrane, which is not inferior to liquid bases, but it is in little demand among consumers.
• Function. To date, the manufacturer is developing a huge range of models for its proprietary line. Each product is necessarily produced with recommendations for application and an indication of the specific structural element of the structure for which it is intended (roof, floor surface, foundation or metal structures).
• Included components. The elements used and their combination divide the polymeric waterproofing composition into several types. The most popular today are cement-polymer and bitumen-polymer composition.

• Application technology. The application technology is influenced by several aspects, including experience with waterproofing work, available deadlines for the work, as well as the presence or absence of the necessary tools. In this connection, it is customary to divide it into the following types of composition: coated polymer waterproofing, liquid, home-made solution (which is based on epoxy resin). Waterproofing polymer compositions produced for self-preparation require strict adherence to the recipe specified by the manufacturer. Also, do not forget that it is necessary to strictly follow the deadlines for working with the polymer composition, otherwise there is a high probability that the composition will harden while still in the cooking container. Such quick-hardening compositions will cost you less if a person with special skills and owning the necessary equipment will work. For independent construction work, it is recommended to purchase a more expensive and ready-made waterproofing composition.

Waterproofing work using a polymer base is not limited to its direct purpose. For example, it is often used for surface and underground structures, hydraulic installations, as well as wet rooms. Elastic polymer cement two-component waterproofing is most often performed in mixtures. Also, sprayed waterproofing has good reviews.

Application specifics

As with other waterproofing compounds, the process of applying polymers is carried out in several stages:

• decide on the type of polymer composition that meets all your wishes and requirements;
• make sure you buy required amount mixtures;
• prepare the surface for further finishing work;
• process all the necessary structural elements with a polymer composition, following the recommendations from the manufacturer;
• wait until the surface is completely hardened.

Before proceeding with the direct implementation of waterproofing procedures, it is recommended to choose the optimal application technology for yourself. To do this, it is necessary to assess the availability of experience or knowledge, budget, technical equipment and other factors specific to the construction work.

So, there are two ways to apply polymer waterproofing:

• coloring- for the implementation of this procedure, it is recommended to purchase a paint brush and roller in advance;
• spraying– This technology will require an airless pumping unit.

The first application option is designed to perform waterproofing work for a spacious room or overall structure.

When deciding to carry out the waterproofing process as soon as possible, spraying technology will suit you. For the correct execution of the process, you must adhere to a simple algorithm:

1. Carry out the preparation of the pumping airless installation. Make sure the equipment is complete.
2. Prepare unconcentrated calcium chloride. In case you have purchased ready solution, fill the container with it.
3. Connect the container to the airless pumping unit.
4. Also connect a container with a polymer composition for waterproofing.
5. Next, spray the composition on necessary elements structure or surface.
6. Make sure that two containers work at the same time when spraying, as the compositions must be mixed.
7. The final result should be an even layer that will be between 2 and 4 millimeters thick (depending on the design configuration), so try to direct the jet in such a way as to achieve this result.

Budget option waterproofing will be coated application technology. Using a similar method, you have the opportunity to perform high-quality waterproofing of a small space or individual structural elements, while the consumption of the polymer composition will be minimal.

Let us consider in more detail the stages of waterproofing work:

1. Acquire and prepare the necessary tools. Depending on what type of construction you are processing, the choice in favor of a fine-haired paint roller or wide brushes will depend.
2. Blot the bristles of a roller or brush into a waterproofing polymer compound.
3. Paint all necessary areas, trying to cover the surface in such a way that the coating is two to four millimeters thick.
4. Wait until the surface is completely dry.
5. Repeat the procedure with another layer.

If it is important for you to obtain a uniform and smooth surface, the construction level will help to check the quality of the work done. Thanks to him, you will be able to identify all the defects that have arisen.

When using any material and, in particular, a waterproofing composition, it is recommended to prepare the base in advance - the surface. To do this, you will need to mark areas that are more susceptible to moisture. It should be noted that waterproofing is applied to the lower area of ​​the wall surface and floor. They should be cleaned in advance of dust, cracked plaster and large irregularities, which are recommended to be smoothed out before applying the polymer base.

APPLICATION OF CEMENT-POLYMER WATERPROOFING OF COATING TYPE

High-quality cement itself to a certain extent has waterproofing properties. However, it is difficult to make a conventional cement-sand mortar so that it does not have pores at all through which moisture penetrates. These shortcomings are deprived of special cement-polymer waterproofing compositions.

The composition of cement-polymer mixtures includes three components:

• Binder (binder) - high-quality cement, which ensures the strength of the composition and largely repels water.
• The filler is fine quartz sand.
• polymer additives. They provide increased adhesion of the composition to the base, penetrating deep into the concrete surface and crystallizing in its structure, firmly binding the base to the applied coating. Increase the hydrophobic properties of the cement composition.

Cement-polymer compositions in comparison with bitumen-polymer insulation have a number of advantages:

1. They can (and even should) be applied to a damp surface. The composition holds well not only on dry, but also on wet concrete. At the same time, bituminous insulation will simply be torn off from the surface with backwater (from inside the concrete).
2. Adhesion (strength of adhesion to the surface) of cement (mineral) waterproofing is higher than that of bitumen-polymer. The compositions perfectly adhere to concrete, brick (including sand-lime brick) metal and wooden surfaces. Mineral insulation has high mechanical strength and abrasion resistance.
3. The surface treated with cement waterproofing can be finished two weeks after applying the composition without any additional preparation. Glue tiles, plaster, putty, paint - finishing materials perfectly adhere to mineral substrates. Bituminous insulation will have to be covered with plaster over a mesh or screed. This is a huge plus in the manufacture of pool bowls and more.
4. Cement-polymer waterproofing has a unique property: it is vapor permeable. That is, water will not penetrate inside the structure, for example, the basement of a building, while the masonry, if it is moistened, will dry out. The occurrence of delamination is excluded if moisture enters not from the outside, but from the inside of the concrete, it will be gradually removed to the outside. Bituminous waterproofing in such cases is torn off by moisture. Due to its high vapor permeability, mineral insulation can be used specifically for internal waterproofing, and often this is the only possible solution for building renovations.
5. The compositions are chemically neutral, environmentally safe, approved for use in drinking water tanks.

Types of cement-polymer waterproofing. By properties, we would divide the cement-polymer waterproofing into three groups:

• Standard blends that provide a highly abrasion resistant outer coating. However, it is inelastic and in the event of a crack in the base (concrete), the waterproofing will also be broken. And this, you see, is a significant drawback, since the probability of cracks is almost one hundred percent!
• Crystallizing mixtures (penetrating insulation) contain salt additives, which, when penetrated into concrete, form watertight structures. Moreover, over time and as it gets wet, the waterproofing “grows” into the base more and more and becomes more reliable. Such compounds are able to bridge small cracks (about 0.5 mm) in the base, perfectly hold negative water pressure, do not let water through wet concrete, which makes them indispensable for reconstruction (drainage) underground structures where external waterproofing is missing or broken.
• Elastic cement-polymer coatings are designed for problematic substrates that can form cracks, and this is the majority of concrete substrates made today! The brands recommended on the market are reliable, guaranteed to cover cracks up to 1 mm, withstand vertical water pressure up to 50 m.

Polymer-cement compositionbitumsealFlexfactory productionBitumpetrochemicalIndustriesLtd. covers cracks larger than 2 mm! Thanks to the latex added to the hydraulic additives, the finished waterproofing coating bitumsealFlexgives a unique elasticity.

Technology of waterproofing works

• Surfaces must be free of dust, dirt and oils before starting work. In the case of a weak loose base, the manufacturer Bitum Petrochemical Industries Ltd. recommends that the surface be pre-treated with a two-component Aquapoxy penetrating primer.
• The crumbling mortar and concrete are removed from the seams and cracks, cleaned and tightly caulked with any non-shrinking cement mortar Cracks, seams and large shells are embroidered and densely filled with the same solution or hydroseal.
• The surface must be moistened immediately before applying the waterproofing.
• In the corners and at the half-wall junction, pre-make fillets with a radius of 3-4 cm. To do this, you can use cement plaster. Additionally, reinforce the joints with waterproofing tape, sinking it into the material. Lay an additional layer of Bitumseal Flex on top.
• Coating compositions are applied only with a brush or spatula.
• When manually applied, the cement mixture is carefully rubbed or smeared into the surface, leaving no gaps. Small shells are filled with the mixture.
• To achieve the desired result, two or three layers are applied. When applying the first coat, the strokes with the trowel should be in the same direction. Each subsequent layer is applied at intervals of 12-24 hours. The next layer is applied in a direction perpendicular to the previous one. The applied layers of the mixture should be protected from excessive fast drying. To do this, the surface must be moistened every 2-3 hours for 1-2 days.
• The internal processing of the precast concrete basement walls has been completed. After two weeks, the surface can be protected with tiled lining, plaster or screed.

When carrying out internal waterproofing of basements and basements, this is generally the only option.

Polymer waterproofing is represented by compositions based on polymers (primarily polyurethanes), which are ideal for work to ensure the protection of objects for various purposes from the damaging effects of moisture. Waterproofing with polymeric materials is easy to apply on both horizontal and vertical surfaces. It effectively fills the seams and joints and provides them with reliable protection against moisture penetration.

Polymer waterproofing of the foundation or other elements of the building provides for the polymerization of the applied composition when it comes into contact with air. As a result, a plastic and very durable membrane is formed that can become a barrier to moisture.

Application

Polymer waterproofing materials are deservedly considered universal. They can be used for waterproofing:

• residential and industrial premises;
• concrete and reinforced concrete structures;
• floor slabs;
• rooms with a high level of humidity (toilets, showers, bathrooms, saunas, swimming pools).

Polymeric waterproofing of the floor and other objects is allowed on bases made of the following materials:

• concrete;
• brick;
• plaster;
• glass;
• wood;
• drywall;
• zinc coated steel;
• Styrofoam;
• tiles.

Advantages

Polymer waterproofing for roofing and other building elements has good adhesion to plaster compositions and a variety of adhesives for tiling. It can also be used before laying linoleum and laminate. Of course, this is not all the advantages of polymer waterproofing. The rest are the following:

• excellent adhesion to different types grounds;
• high plasticity, which allows to withstand deformations and distortions of building elements;
• immunity to ultraviolet rays and temperature changes;
• long service life, which ranges from 25 to 50 years;
• ease of application, the possibility of applying both manually and with special equipment.

All structural elements of a house or apartment require reliable protection against high humidity. What is waterproofing for?

In a room located above a damp basement, moisture destroys the concrete floors. In a wooden coating from high humidity, mold starts, rotting begins. In multi-storey buildings on the middle floors, when moisture penetrates through the cracks at the joints of the floor, carpet, laminate, parquet, and bamboo lose their original appearance and become unusable.

Waterproofing the first floor of a private house that does not have a basement or floor in the country will extend the life of the building. Water vapor rising from the ground can be acidic or alkaline.

Interacting with concrete, moisture can destroy it completely in a few years -. The floor waterproofing device will help not to face similar problems in the home, increase the safety of its operation, increase comfortable conditions residence.

materials

Depending on the purpose, conditions of use of the premises, the condition of the subfloor, financial costs, various materials are used for waterproofing, which protect it from destruction. All types of waterproofing make up two main groups - for outdoor and indoor use.

According to the main composition of the water-repellent component:

• bituminous - based on mineral components;
• polymeric;
• bitumen-polymer.

According to the method of application on the surface, the main types are distinguished:

• roll;
• film;
• penetrating;
• membrane;
• painting;
• pasting;
• coating;
• powder;
• plastering.

Roll and self-adhesive waterproofing

They are widely used for floor waterproofing in apartments and private houses. Roofing material for waterproofing has been used to date, along with roofing felt and glass roofing material. Cardboard or fiberglass impregnated with a mixture of bitumen, basalt chips. They can be laid to protect foundations, roofs, floors from moisture. Modern waterproofing materials have additional thermal insulation properties.

Roll waterproofing - membrane (geomembrane). It has a lock at the junction. Additionally, bonding is carried out.

Rolled waterproofing materials are of two types: floating and self-adhesive. Surfacing materials are durable, inexpensive in price. Their disadvantage: it is necessary to lay the waterproofing using a gasoline or gas burner, when heated, they emit bad smell, harmful smoke. The method is quite suitable for use in the country with your own hands when waterproofing the underground. Laying roofing material during waterproofing requires the installation of an additional screed.

Self-adhesive waterproofing is quickly installed, easily attached to the base. Which side to lay the self-adhesive material is indicated in the attached instructions. For waterproofing, a self-adhesive film made of polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene is used. Usually pvc film used to create a dry or cement-concrete screed concrete floor. Working with self-adhesive film does not take much time.

penetrating waterproofing

applied as the main or additional measure of protection of a concrete floor. Includes subgroups:

• Concreting - increases the density, strength of the material. Put as an additive to create a reinforcing layer.
• Cement-polymer - used for processing concrete, wood, brick floors. Polymer waterproofing has high adhesion to the surface, is easy to use, and environmentally friendly. Waterproofing of the subfloor can be done with cement-polymer mastic laid on a reinforcing mesh - you will get a waterproofing layer and a screed at the same time.
• Cement inorganic waterproofing is used for concrete floor treatment.

Ceramic tiles are easily laid on the penetrating waterproofing layer.

Mastics

plastic adhesive solutions based on bitumen, liquid rubber, polymers, resins, plasticizers, other additives. Mastic solutions are either hot or cold. Mastic for waterproofing the floor is used to create a waterproof layer, processing joints in the bathroom, toilet, kitchen, bath, swimming pool. Mastic displaces rolled materials, since, unlike them, it does not have an unpleasant odor, does not form seams that can cause water leakage.

Water-repellent materials

For waterproofing, liquid water-repellent materials can be laid. The composition of the group includes primers, varnishes, paints, impregnations.

Powder materials

to protect against moisture, they are represented by a variety of dry mixtures based on cement, glue, binders, plasticizers.

Immediately before use, put the dry mixture into the water so that the solution is ready for use. Powder mixtures are used to create floor concrete screeds, a waterproof layer of the floor of basements, pools. It all depends on the chosen material.

Execution technologies

When applying waterproofing, it is important to follow the rule - at the joints of the floor with the walls, the waterproofing layer must be raised to a height of at least 30 cm.

Application of liquid waterproofing. Liquid waterproofing for the floor, depending on the composition and viscosity of the material, is divided into cast, impregnating.

Polymers and bituminous compounds

Cast - the application of polymer or bituminous solutions, when cured, an even waterproof film is formed. Bitumen solutions are heated to a temperature of 130 - 140 ° C, poured onto a clean floor and leveled with a wide spatula.

This method is used to process fused bases before pouring the screed. It is possible to lay waterproofing in several layers, between which a metal reinforcing mesh or reinforced fiberglass is laid; the thickness of the waterproof film can be 5 - 15 cm. waterproofing material the base of the floor is impregnated.

Coating the surface involves working with heated bitumen-polymer mastics, cold polymer, rubber-epoxy mastics. Coating waterproofing based on oxidized bitumen is produced with the inclusion organic solvent and various fillers.

Rubber crumb, plasticizer, latex are used as additives, which significantly increases the elasticity of the coating and prevents it from cracking. Bitumen-polymer mastics are characterized by high adhesion. Laying waterproofing under a concrete floor with reinforcing fiber significantly increases its strength and abrasion resistance.

A special primer, applied before applying the mastic, increases the bond between the waterproofing layer and concrete base. Mastic can be sold complete with a primer, they have a common main component. The main advantages of coating materials are economy, ease of application.

Coloring

How to make floor waterproofing by painting? Staining is used for the floor along the logs, for a wooden or concrete coating. A polymer or bituminous varnish is used. Depending on the consistency of the composition, it is applied to the surface with a spatula, roller, paint brush. The layer during this treatment is 2 - 3 mm thick and additionally performs the functions of anti-corrosion and anti-fungal protection. The service life of such protection is 5 years.

Pasting materials

Self-adhesive roll-on waterproofing option

How to properly waterproof the floor with gluing materials? This method includes laying rolled and sheet moisture-resistant materials in layers on a pre-cleaned and primed floor base.

Types of adhesive waterproofing:

• Conventional flooring on the surface under a cement or dry screed, under a wooden rough covering with a joint or independent fastening method.
• Fusing roll material on the floor gas burner. The method is flammable, requiring skills and strict adherence to fire safety rules.
• Bonding with special adhesives and mastics. Many types of modern film waterproofing have an adhesive layer, which greatly simplifies their installation. The melting point of the mastic on a bitumen-polymer basis is selected 20 - 25 ° above the highest air temperature of a given room.

All types of pasting materials react to shear, and therefore they are used to protect rigid structures made of brick, concrete, reinforced concrete from high humidity. Such laying of waterproofing is also used for a wooden rough coating.

Plaster

Easy to perform, environmentally friendly safe way with the use of various dry mixes based on cement with the inclusion of astringent mineral and polymer additives. The solution well fills any irregularities, cracks, cracks in the treated surface. The mixture is applied with a spatula or brush.

Mastic and plaster

Mastic for floor waterproofing. Features of work with mastic and plaster.

After applying the self-levelling material, the floor must be in a calm state for the curing of the composition. The mastic is applied in several layers - at the same time, each subsequent layer is applied perpendicular to the previous one after it has completely dried.

Complete waterproofing is provided when the floor and walls are treated to a height of 10-15 cm. Cement-polymer mastics provide waterproofing and form a self-leveling surface. There is no need to fill the screed. A floor finish is laid on top of the waterproofing.

Backfill materials

Backfill waterproofing is used to protect the floor in wet areas. How to lay backfill material? Loose components are poured into the pre-constructed formwork in an even layer.

As a filler, perlite sand, ash, mineral wool, betonite are used. Backfill hydroprotection has a long service life, but its installation is a laborious and expensive process.

Choice for a room

When choosing a material and method for floor waterproofing, it is necessary to take into account the individual characteristics of the operation of the premises - humidity, the presence of a "warm floor" heating system, the presence of a toilet, a swimming pool.

Especially carefully it is necessary to carry out work in the country in the garage - a constant excess of moisture will lead to rotting of vehicles. What waterproofing to choose to protect the floor in the garage?

The best solution is concrete. Waterproofing under the concrete floor - penetrating, impregnation, additives in concrete when preparing the mortar. Immediately before pouring concrete, the soil is poured with bitumen, building clay is also used, or rolled material - a geomembrane.

It is possible to use a combined method of waterproofing - the first layer is laid with a roll coating, then all the joints that have appeared are sealed and a layer of mastic is applied on top.

Preparation for work

Before starting work on hydraulic protection, preliminary measures are taken with the subfloor:

• removal of the old coating;
• thorough cleaning, drying of the rough surface;
• sealing cracks and cracked parts of the surface with waterproofing putty.

The main condition for the duration of operation and the effectiveness of preserving the floor from high humidity is right choice material, adherence to laying technology.