Russian classical literature presented the world magnificent samples of poetic creativity. Pushkin, Lermontov, Nekrasova, became genuine masterpieces. One of the main themes for these great masters the words was the problem of the goal and place of poetry in life, the appointment of the poet, his role in society.
A. S. Pushkin, all his work argued the unity of poetry and real life. For him, the poet was a man who endowed with a divine gift. Muse should not turn away from people, considering unworthy to pay attention to simple plots. The poet for Pushkin is a prophet who can influence society. This topic dedicated to the poem "Prophet", in which the voice of the author calling the poet hears:
"Radan, the Prophet, and the Leader, and End
Fight my will
And coming around the sea and land
Glagol Loggy hearts of people. "
The poet can see and feel what is not available to others. But he must devote his gift to people, and not languish "spiritual thirst" or go to the transcendental heights of dreams and dreams. This is the deep conviction of Pushkin himself, who in the poem "Monument" addresses the Museum with the instruction:
Venya God, about Muz, be obedient,
Offense is not afraid without requiring a crown
Praise and slander took indifferent
And do not challenge the fool.
A. S. Pushkin, before the death, remained devoted to his beliefs, faith in the high purpose of poetry, strength and ability of a poet citizen, a poet-prophet.
These views fully shared the successor to Pushkin M. Yu. Lermontov. The same motives sound in his work, but time left their mark on poems. During the reaction, the fate of the poet was very hard. In the poem "Poet", Lermontov compares the poet with the dagger, who used to be a formidable weapon, faithfully served his owner. And now the dagger became a toy, he does not need anyone. So the poet has lost its appointment, exchanged a mighty voice for gold. Previously, the words of the poet raised the spirit of people, they sounded, "like a bell on the tower of the evening in the days of celebrations and misfortunes." Lermontov painfully observe how small and deceptive became poetic creativity. He is asked with bitterness, hoping for the best future:
Will you be again, the ridiculous prophet? ..
Ile never to the voice of a gym
From the golden sheath, you will not dive your blade,
Covered rustful contempt? ..
Lermontov himself tested the whole gravity of the position of the poet prophet in the modern society. In the poem "Prophet", the Hero expects a completely different fate than the hero of the same name Pushkin's poem. People were not needed by the "God's gift" of the Prophet, he has to live in the forest, hide from people:
To proclaim, I became love
And truth pure teachings:
I'm all the closest my
Throw mad stones.
It is so "neighbor" and came with Pushkin and Lermontov, whose life was cut into the very precious forces. Pushkin died, fell on the duel of Lermontov, but in Russia there was a man who became the successor of the Great Artists.
N. A. Nekrasov devoted all his creativity to the Russian people. The poet's lyrics served for contemporaries with a model of citizenship. The poet, above all, should be a citizen, said Nekrasov, serve the people:
With your talent is ashamed to sleep.
Still shame in a godina grief
Beauty valleys, heavens and sea
And love a sweet to chant ...
Nekrasov calls on poetry to be expressed by popular interests. The poet is obliged to write about the people and for the people:
Be a citizen! Serve art
For the good of melee,
Your genius subordinating the feeling
Universal Love ...
The same topic sounds in the poem "Elegy". Nekrasov argues that poetry cannot forget about the suffering and aspirations of a simple people, because it is precisely her high purpose. The most deserved for the lira:
Crowd remind that the people are a thing
At the time she snakes and sings.
To the people to initiate the attention of the strong world ...
Poetry Nekrasov, like Lyrics Pushkin and Lermontov, had a huge impact on the minds and hearts of people. These great Russian poets raised poetic creativity for an inaccessible height, deserving glory and recognition of descendants. And the words of Nekrasov can be safely attributed to each of the ingenious poets of Russia:
I dedicated to the Liru to the people ...
Pushkin and Lermontov are two geniuses of Russian literature, two great Russian poet. IN different time They created their masterpieces. Pushkin's creativity flourishing fell on a period of public lifting in Russian society. A. S. Pushkin was well acquainted with many of those who "walked into the fire for the honor of debris." Lermontov was created during the reaction years after the defeat of the uprising on Senate Square. However, Lermontov's poetry is also freedom-loving, like Lyric Pushkin, and in the poems of both poets, patriotic motives are strong.
A. S. Pushkin from the young years worried about Russia, its people, nice history. In their romantic verses, the poet is chasing a free homeland:
Festore, tyrant! Coffee is close to Padena!
You in every warrior you seek the hero,
Their goal il to win, il down in the heat of the battle
For Rus, for the holiness of the altar.
The young poet graduated from a lyceum, his poetic skill grew. The theme of patriotism did not cease to sound in the work of Pushkin. Genuine patriotism for him was associated with the struggle for freedom. The poet calls for the dedicated service to the native country. This is the main idea of \u200b\u200bpoems "to Chaaadaev", "Village", ODD "WILLY". The message "To Chaaadaev" reflects the views that united the poet with future Decembrists. Pushkin calls his friend to fight for freedom of Russia. Love for her inseparable with the struggle for her happiness:
While freedom burning,
While hearts for honor alive,
My friend, dedicate dedication
Souls are beautiful gusts!
In a friendly message, the poet puts the problem of the unity of personal and public interests. The image of the poet, reflected in the poem, is beautiful by the strength and spontaneity of patriotic feeling. The poem "Village" with great sharply raises the problem of destroying the serfdom, the liberation of the country from slavery. Pushkin is outraged by what is going on in the country he loves so much. It is impossible to admire the native nature until "Bald Wild" oppresses "Slavery Skinny". Poet with pain in the heart asks:
I will see about friends! People unsentful
And slavery, fallen in the mania of the king,
And over the Fatherland of Enlightened Freedom
Will it finally go to the beautiful dawn?
But Pushkin believes that "she will go, the star of captivating happiness." And after the defeat of the Decembrist uprising, he remained faithful to the ideals of advanced people of the era. In poems "in the depths of Siberian ores ...", "Arion" Pushkin glorifies the great feat of the Decembrists, perfect for the benefit of the country. In the 30s, patriotism in the lyrics of Pushkin was especially brightly manifested in the days of the Polish uprising. The poet is not a defender of the monarchy and not the enemy of the Polish people, but by the Russian patriot, thinking about the fate of Russia:
But you, Paviters' chambers,
Easyless Vities,
You, blacks pelleptic nat
Sleeves, enemies of Russia!
In the poem "Monument", which is a peculiar summing up of poetic activity, Pushkin says that he has always remained humanist, winslubets and patriot. Before death, the poet was faithful to his ideals.
The death of Pushkin "woke up" Lermontov. Unknown earlier the poet became a sign of each Russian person. Hatred for fastening right, thirst for freedom, protest against autocracy Rodnil him with the advanced people of the era. A genuine sample of Lermontov's civilian lyrics was the poem of the "death of the poet", in which the response of the Russian poet on the Great Lost sounded. Acutely worried poet theme social behavior man. The poet citizen, Lermontov loved his homeland with high love. He wanted happiness with his country, the Russian people, opposing his patriotism to state patriotism:
I love me out, but strange love!
My mind will not be defeated.
Nor glory bought by blood
Neither full proud confidence of peace ...
The poet admires Russian nature folk holidays. Lermontov hates the "country of slaves", "the country of the Lord". He addresses the glorious period of the life of Russia who won Napoleon. The poet talks about the strength of the Russian nature, about the courage of the simple people who defended his homeland:
I'll go to break the steno,
I'll put on the head
For my homeland!
Lermontov glorifies the tart feud, the heroism of the people in the war:
I got the enemy that day a lot,
What does russian fight removed
Our hand-to-hand fight!
Here he is true patriotism! That is how Lermontov understood the feeling of love for Russia, and it was reflected and the works of the poet.
It is difficult to overestimate the value of Pushkin and Lermontov's poetry. A. S. Pushkin laid the foundation of Russian lyrics, M. Yu. Lermontov "picked up the banner" from the hands of the killed Pushkin. Both poet citizen chased Russia free from "slavery and chains." And by this they deserved historical immortality, love and gratitude of descendants.

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Other writings:

1. Pushkin and Lermontov. Their names are near the sky of Russian poetry. In his work, each of them has reached the vertices of skill, so their thoughts about the poet and poetry, about the place of the writer in society, are also important for us. These thoughts are distanded, read more ......
2. The XIX century brought beautiful poets to Russian literature, such as A. S. Pushkin, M. Yu. Lermontov, N. A. Nekrasov and many others. The poems of these creators make a boring, monotonous life beam of light and a lot of joy, they help to figure out very read more ......
3. In the poem "Andrey Shhenie" the idea sounds - the meaning of life in poetry. At the beginning of yours creative path Pushkin reflects on the grave of the poet. Further, he feels his duty to the Decembrists, not forgetting Okaz Ryleyev to be a "citizen and poet." In the poems "Prophet", read more ......
4. The theme of the appointment of poetry and the role of the poet in this world worried many Russian classics. What is the poet? Maybe it is herald of heaven, and maybe this is a prophet? And is it possible that poetry does not make sense and is created only for hearing hearing? Not one read more ......
5. The theme of the poet and poetry in the works of Russian poetries has deep historical roots. For the first time, it arises and develops in the works of poet philosophers of the XVIII century - Lomonosov and Derzhavin. In the XIX century, Pushkin became her successor. The question of appointing a poet, about the essence of poetry Read more ......
6. In the poem "Motherland", Lermontov declares its blood cells with nature, with the people, with his joys and grief. He loves his native, Russian, national, but hates "the country of slaves, the country of the Lord", that is, Russia is autocably-serf. "What loves the poet indifferent and to read more ......
7. Despite the fact that in the topic of the century nineteenth century, it is impossible not to remember here and not to call (and at the same time and give the tribute to the memory and respect the Great Lomonosov) "ORD for victory over the Turks and Tatars and to taking Khotin." Yes Read more ......
8. This traditional topic Worried of such poets as Horace, Byron, Zhukovsky, Derzhavin and others. And after them, Pushkin gives his understanding of the purpose of the poet and poetry. This question is addressed in the first published poem "to a friend poem" (1814). The poet talks about the sorrows, Read more ......

The article presents a small selection of poems dedicated to the topic of poetry and fate of the poet, and their brief analysis. This selection will help graduates passing the exam in literature, when writing a detailed response in a task 16, where it is necessary to compare the subsequent passage from lyrical text with other poems with similar subjects and quotting them.

His hula pursue:
He catches the sounds approved
Not in the sweet ropot of praise,
And in the wild cries of angry ...

Nekrasov poem built on antithesis. The first part is devoted to poets that do not affect the actual, topical topics, does not use satir in their work and, thus, find a large number of admirers of their creativity: "And the contemporaries for him during his lifetime they prepare ...". The second part of the poem reflects the creative life of the poet Buntar, who he writes sharply, sincerely, does not try to please. It remains honest with readers and, above all, with himself, and in his works shows the truth of life without embellishment. Despite the fact that such a poet does not find recognition during life ("And every sound of his speeches will tell him the enemies of harsh"), Nekrasov notes that after his death, the great works will be understood and even those who have previously criticized them. Thus, the author of the poem reflects the next point of view: the brilliant poet is the person who is not afraid of the poems to express his civil position, is not afraid to be not understood and does not seek fame, and which sees the meaning of his life in the ability to speak through his work.

Mayakovsky "extraordinary adventure ..."

I will pour my sun,
And you - your
verse.

The author depicts a dialogue between the poet and the Sun, thereby likeking the person who creates a poem, the luminaries, spilling light on the ground. The poem is just like a star, scatters darkness, but only does it in the soul of each individual reader. Important is the promise of Mayakovsky: it is necessary to work much and stubbornly, and then the privileges can become for people thereby sunlight, warming and illuminating the life path:

Shine always shine everywhere
until the days of the last Donets,
Shining - and no nails!
Here is the slogan of my and the sun!

Tvardovsky "All the essence in one single covenant ..."

I'm talking about in my life:
About what knows best of all in the world
I want to say. And so, as I want.

In most of his poems, the Tvardovsky calls people to always be honest, only what it seems. He depicted modern life and a Russian man with an open soul. The lyrical work "the whole point in one single covenant ..." was no exception, but here the Tvardovsky draws attention to the special purpose of the poet. The sole purpose of creativity for him is the expression of thoughts and feelings through their lines. The Creator must speak openly and directly, without lies and false - it is the only one possible condition existence of art. The work is built as a monologue-declaration, that is, as a proclamation of its truth, which for the lyrical character is an indisputable truth.

Pushkin "Poet"

But only the divine verb
To hearing the sensitive touches
The poet's soul will grow
As an awakened eagle.

In Pushkin's representation, the poet is the creation of an elevated, heavenly - this is exactly this describes Alexander Sergeevich in his works. Therefore, at the beginning of the poem reflected the life of the Creator in the ordinary world, in which there is no place to be sublime ideas and dreams. He chips and feels worthless, being part of this routine and prosaic life: "And between children of insignificant world, perhaps, everyone is insignificant." The second half of the poem is devoted to the very moment of creativity, when Muse comes to the poet and he becomes not involved in the world of ordinary people. The author emphasizes that creative person Can not live without inspiration, only in the presence of him he becomes truly free and happy, he is alien to the usual earthly life. And it is at the time of creating his works he may be alone with his art.

Balmont "Above above"

Above, above, all for me,
Enjoy the embroidering
Get into my network,
I sing, I sing, I sing.

In the poem "above, above" Balmont described the creative process. He depicts the poet as the Creator, the Creator, who concerns the soul of everyone who reads his poem: "I touched the shower of strangers, exactly strings, but the strings of mine." Another image that Balmont's metaphoricism is pushing us - this is a musician as a musician who creates a work that plays on the strings of the human soul. The poem can also be viewed as the process of reading this work: "Through the wing of the wing of the wings, inxicated." After all, it really, with each read line, more and more immerse yourself in the artistic world of Balmont and unconsciously become it part of it.

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Pushkin is the first Russian poet who devoted himself entirely to art, moreover, the first who refused any public service For the right to be a poet. He sought to answer the question all their work "What is poetry?" The topic of the appointment of poetry and the poet mission has two aspects: social and philosophical. With a lyceum bench defending their right to classes in literature and only she, Pushkin walked to an open conflict about society. The society did not accept this: bright things An example is the assignment of Pushkin by Nikolai I title of camera-junker - decent for young man And an unworthy adult man. The king sought to "squeeze the" free poet to a certain social cell, giving it to understand that he does not recognize any social status for the writer. Sufficiently reluctance state system The "recognize" literature was caused by fear of its impact on the minds and played a role in the formation in Russia special from wearing to the creators. Indeed, no literature of the world has really realized its prophetic mission as Russian. And here is closed social and philosophical aspects Problems of destination of poetry. Young Pushkin influenced by the ideas of the enlighteners who preached in Lyceum Professor Kincinine, influenced by conversations with Chaadaev, with future Decembrists sees the appointment of poetry in serving a common cause - the case of the liberation of Russia from the outdated state system. In Oda "liberty" it defines it like this:

I want to fight freedom to the world

On the thrones to hit the vice.

From the Mikhailovsky period opens in the work of Pushkin, the cycle of poetic declarations, arguing in the consciousness of Russian readers a new, who has not yet been a high social status of the poet and poetry in Russia.

The second exile Pushkin was heavily and painfully. The poet not only resisted, but also rose to a new step in his creative development. From the death of the poet saved the proximity to people's Life, faith in their creative forces, in the great value of the artistic word.

Poetry, as an angel-comforter,

I saved me, and I saved my soul, -

He wrote later in the draft of the poem "I visited again ...". The theme of creativity attracted many poets. It occupies a significant place in the lyrics of Pushkin. ABOUT high destination Poets, its special role says not in one poem. Poetry is a difficult and responsible thing, Pushkin believes. And the poet differs from ordinary mortals what is given to him to see, hear, to understand what he sees, he does not hear, does not understand the ordinary person.

With his gift, the poet affects him. His influence on people is so great that the poet himself should be an example of civilian behavior, showing persistence, irreconcilability to public injustice, to be strict and decisive judge towards himself. True poetry, according to Pushkin, should be humane, life-affirming, awaken good humane feelings. In his poems "Poet and a crowd", "Poet", "Echo", "Prophet", "I am an unpretentious monument to myself," talks about the freedom of poetic creativity, about the complex relationship between the poet and power, the poet and the people.

G. Krasnukhin believes that "Pushkin's poet acts not a preacher who has a reverent listeners, but their opponent who protects their own sovereignty, who does not recognize the right to the so-called" social order ". Finally, the poet is like an echo, which although and responds "for any sound", but he does not know the response itself - he has no review.

The poet should not admire or surprise the crowd or angry investments in its address, nor the monstrous exposures. Pushkin compared it with physicalism, with a focusing, understanding what curiosity causes from the crowd every such mentor morality and how easily such curiosity is saturated. In the side of the poet there will be the investment of all this in an art uniform, which can hit the imagination of an unusual rhyme, an unprecedented path, exciting periffs. Therefore, Pushkin refuses from the "Social Order" of the crowd that such an order has nothing to do with the moral nature of poetry.

In his poems on the debt of the poet Pushkin, wrote about the three commandments of art, which make up moral trinity: awaken in the souls of feelings are kind, to argue freedom as the main human value and call for mercy.

Pushkin wrote: "Poet! Not expensive love of folk", but it meant only: do not let the idol and remember that such love is transient. Do not explode delights, flattery, the crowds with an exalted crowd: "You yourself are your highest court," so judge yourself in the eternal laws of art! Grossman L., "Notes d" Ashiak: Petersburg chronicle of 1836 ". M.," Terra ", 1997, p.20-25.

The poem "Prophet" was written in 1826. The content of the poem was inspired by the events of December 14, 1825 and the sorrow of Pushkin about the death of "brothers, friends, comrades." This poem is plot, it depicts the process of gradual rebirth in the wise prophet. The text is saturated with satellites that give the speech to a solemn, raised tone, which is organically connected to the biblical theme. But the Christian myth, the biblical flavor is only robe, artistic technique. For allegories and symbols, the reality itself clearly appears, Pushkin's thoughts about the high appointment of the poet. All the life content that fills the hearts and the minds of the people's occupied, all of their world should be for the true poet the deserts of gloomy ... He is eager for spiritual satisfaction and keeps himself to him. From his part there is nothing more and no need: accurate and thirsty will be satisfied ...

The poet-prophet sophisticated attention penetrated the life of the nature of the highest and lower, contemplated and heard everything that is committed, about the direct flight of the angels to the winding junction of the reptiles, from the regurgitation of heaven to the preyment of the plant. What's next? Who is clear to see the beauty of the universe, the most painful feeling the disgrace of human reality. He will fight her. His action and weapon - the word truth. But in order for the word of truth coming out of the wisdom sting, it was not urged only, and the head of the hearts of people, it is necessary that this state of this sting was subjected to fire of love.

As you can see Pushkin gives the exceptional importance to the worldview of the poet-prophet. Without clear views on life, the poet can not bear the truth to people, awaken the "feelings of good" in them, influence their morality.

In the poem, the final quatrain acquires a particular importance, where every word is full of deep meaning. These lines make an explanation of what happened to the Prophet. "True antihmitsa" is given to see the whole diverse, colorful world; The sensitive hearing is needed to hear the pulse of life, in whatever forms it has not been manifested, and equally imagine both "sublime" and "low" objects.

The idea of \u200b\u200bcitizenship of creativity with a special force was expressed in lines: "Glagol Loggy of the Heart of People."

A lot argue about who is hidden behind the main hero of the poem - the poet or the Prophet. Apparently, all the same, both. Pushkin first felt its special purpose in the mature Russian literature in Russia, inherited from Dopurerovskaya's literature, to be a word that unites the artistic image and the gift of prophecy.

The poet who is faithful to God's rug - Echo of the Russian people, for he is a carrier of the folk shrine. But at the time of creativity, the poet should be incorruptible. "The true poet is not something separate from the people; He is his own body, his hearing, eye and voice," says V.S. Uncompressive. And the "monument" Pushkin is not an act of awareness by the artist of his "merit", but the act of approval of the great mission of the poet that he, the poet, is sentenced to only the vein of God. Literature. Textbook-Reader. M., "Education" 2005, p. 142-146.

The poem "Wanderer" was written in 1835. According to his plan, it adjoins such verses as "poet" and "echo", figurative system And the allegorical form it is close to the "Prophet", and in general, closely connected with the late lyrics of Pushkin, in which he argued the ideal freedom of the artist and his right to independent creativity, emphasized the special place of the Creator in society. The problem of the somewhat contemporaries of Geniya was often developed by the poet and found an artistic embodiment in the "Wanderer."

From other poems, the "wanderer" is characterized by the fact that in it the poet resorts to a narrative form that helps more fully reflect the reality surrounding the world.

The basis of the "wanderer" is put the story of books english writer Puritanina John Benyana (1628-1688) "Western pilgrim". Pushkin retreated far from the original, while retaining only the allegorical form of the narrative. His wanderer is "spiritual worker", in other words, the Creator, the thinker. The theme of the poem - thinking about the fate of the Creator. His fate is difficult, it is difficult for him to choose the "faithful way" in the surrounding world. Who will help the wanderer in choosing a way? Only he is able to make his choice. And he does it. This is the idea of \u200b\u200bpoem.

Wanderers in Russia called people who make pilgrimages on a manty. In other words, the wanderer is a man close to God, who prefers the spiritual life to the whole worldly, skious. At Pushkin, he is still named "spiritual worker." That inner work that does not allow the wanderer to live calmly, as everyone else live, brings him closer with the heroes of the poete poems, "Echo", "Prophet".

The suffering of the wanderer is explained not only by the awareness of the inevitability of death and the short-term human existence, but also the misunderstanding that arises between the "spiritual worker" and the people around him.

A detailed description of the spiritual torment of the Hero transmits not only the degree of hopelessness and despair, but also the huge inner work, it happens in the shower:

Suddenly I was sore thoroughly

And the heavy burden is depressed and bent,

Walking his head, in longing breaking hands,

I pierced the soul of pierced flour

And bitterly repeated, rushing as a patient:

"What will I do? What will happen to me?"

Even the comfort of loved ones, "sleep healing", did not reduce the despair of the wanderer:

But the sorrow of an hour from the hour constrained Bole;

My soul is full

Longing and horror; Grazing burden

Hurt me.

I lay down, but all night I cried and sighed

And neither by the moment the eyes of severe was not closed.

Everything crushed and sighed by despondency to be crazy.

Double-repeated "all crying and sighed" is designed to emphasize the hopelessness of the position of the "spiritual worker". Fear of death gives the "heavy burden", "painful burden." The word "despondency" was used by the poet three times: "Ugly mine", "despondent close," and, finally, "disgusting." The last phrase is not perceived as a tautological one, because its appointment is to pay our attention to the mental state of the wanderer. Sorrow ("Grief Great", "Sorrow for an hour from the hour constrained Bole"), longing, horror - here is the gamma of the feelings that the wanderer is experiencing. He is no longer "wandering", but wanders.

I went again to wander ...

What, wandering one, I cry so bitterly?

The noun "wanderer" is formed from the verb to "Western", another noun is formed from the verb of "wandering" - "Tramp" from Ozhegova "Broadcasting" - an inflicted, a homeless person who flies without certain occupations. The transformation of the wanderer in the vagrants occurs literally before our eyes: a person who has lost their lives is incapable of a full-fledged spiritual life, sorrowful, depressing thoughts and feelings speak them.

Comparisons ("As a slave, intricate desperate escape", "traveler, to the rain hurry for the night"), used by the poet, also reduce, already at the lexical level, the idea of \u200b\u200bthe high mission of the former wanderer. The suffering is compared with the "Verigo", and this confirms our idea that the image of a wanderer, of course, allegorical, that Pushkin in his poem approves the Creator's right to freedom and independence.

Pushkin often refers to his works to the topic of freedom and independence. For him in the thirties, this question became particularly important. At this time, the poet took possession of the sense of alienation from ambient, irresistible desire to escape from it. From the hostile atmosphere was only one way of liberation - flight. It was impossible, but Pushkin dreamed of it. He wrote his wife: "Give you to see you healthy, children of whole and alive! Yes, spit on Petersburg, but a resign, yes to flush in Boldino, yes live Barin." It is clear why the topic of loneliness sounded in a number of poetic works of Pushkin in the thirties.

The topic of loneliness can be traced in the "Wanderer". Not only those people surrounding the wanderer show not understanding, but those whom he considers themselves. They do not understand it to the end, do not see the "faithful way", the elected hero of the poem:

And the children and wife shouted to me with the threshold,

So I turned around rather. Screaming them

The lips of my friends attracted the square;

One scolded me another my wife

Tips filed, other sorry for each other,

Who poured me who raised to laugh,

Who suggested the neighbors by force;

Other things were chasing ...

Branil, sorry, pone, rose on laughter, offered to grunt by force ... no one left indifferent to the act of a wanderer. But among these strong human passions, there is not only one - understanding.

poet Poetry Pushkin Creativity

Another image is present in the poem - a young man with a book. The image is symbolic. The book is a symbol of wisdom and omniscience. It is the young man gives the wanderer to leave the world alien to him and thereby gain immortality. But the "gates of salvation" are named "close". The symbolic path is hardly illuminated, "close gates of salvation" clearly cannot accept the crowd, this path of favorites. The wanderer must solve himself, whether it will go on this path, despite the fact that everyone will dissuade him, they are considered insane, they are not going to follow him. And he makes his choice:

... but I am the bigger

Hurry up to run a city field,

In order to be extremely used - leaving those places

Salving the right way and close gates.

Speaking to allegorical form and allegorical images Pushkin reflected on his own destiny, and over the fate of the poet in general in Russia.

Pushkin in the poem often resorts to archaisms. The significance of the raised topic required a high style, so the poet turns to the archaic, solemn vocabulary: sorrow, bent, burdens, soil, Emboy, gaze, voha, questions, know, finger, Understand, etc. At the same time wanderer flesh flesh from the flesh of those people , among whom he is destined to live. Because the words of a high style are clearly opposed to spoken words and spaticrous turns: Fast, waking his head, breaking his hands, screaming, horror, Kohl, having waved his hand, twist, the post, Luma, go, pone, soaked with force.

The fate of the prophet ("Prophet") and the fate of the wanderer can be compared. In the "wanderer", the poet continues to reflect on the fate of the genius, striking and incomprehensible to contemporaries ("poet", "poet", "echo"). These reflections, despite the allegorical shape, selected Pushkin, are closely related to real reality and indicate the creative maturity of the poet, about realistic orientation. Literature. Textbook-Reader. M., "Education" 2005, p. 147-154.

The poem "Poet", written in 1827, is the quintessence of Pushkinsky reflections on the essence of the poet. The poet appears in the poem with a complex being marked by God, endowed with his creative strength, but at the same time ordinary, earth man. The author fully admits that the poet can be "all insignificant" among "children of insignificant world." Changes begin in it only when God sends him inspiration.

The poet is transformed - this is not one of the many people drawn into the casual bustle, and a person is unusual: his hearing becomes sensitive, he is able to hear the "divine verb". He assesses her former life as "fun of the world", the human molva oppresses him - he is preparing to pronounce new words about the world. This is no longer a clamp, but the words of the poet, in which there is nothing ordinary, vulgar. Wakes up the soul of the poet:

The poet's soul will grow

As an awakened eagle.

He becomes proud, "wild and harsh", that is, immersed in his own, in his creative Duma. The poet cannot create, being among ordinary people, in the worldly bustle. Inspiration requires loneliness, freedom from everyday life. Recall the wonderful words from the poem "October 19", written in 1825:

Muses service does not tolerate fuss;

Beautiful should be great ...

The poet runs from the worldly bustle "on the shores of the desert waves, / in widescal and noisy oaks ...". Of course, the shores and the dubbiva, where the poet is directed, is a poetic convention. These "geographical" points are the symbols of peace and privacy. The poet runs away from the bustle to become "the sound of the voice is lying, / more creative dreams." You can hear the world and express it in the word you can only away from human noise and small everyday worries.

Pushkin, as it were, "stops the moment" - in front of the poet, captured at the moment of inspiration: he "and sounds and confusion of full".

There is no visual image. It is replaced by psychological details, transmitting the beginning of the creative process, when in the soul of the poet, covered by "confused" thoughts and feelings, chaotic, non-stroke sounds are crowned. Literature. Textbook-Reader. M., "Education" 2005, p. 154-156.

One of recent poems Pushkin "I wishes a monument to myself," it was written in August 21, 1836.

V.F. Khodasevich believed that this poem was a late response to the Lyceum Poems Deligor "Two Alexandra", where Delvig predicted that Alexander I would glorify Russia as a statesman, and Pushkin - as the greatest poet.

but start XIX. century will subsequently be called pushkin Epoch, not the epoch of Alexander I. Delvig died in 1831, Alexander I - in 1825.

The leading theme in the poem is the topic of the poet and poetry. It put forward the problem of poetic fame, poetic immortality and overcoming death through glory.

The genre specificity of the poem is dictated by tradition: poems are written as a kind of imitation of the poem of Derzhavin "Monument", which, in turn, is the alteration of ODA Horace "to Mellenza", a well-known Russian reader for Lomonosov's translation.

Epigraph to his poem Pushkin borrowed from Horace: "Exegi Monumentum" ("I erected a monument ...").

Horace (Lomonosov Translation):

I edged my immortality sign

Above the pyramids and fastening copper.

What a raw aquicon can not warm

Not a lot of centuries or ancient water.

I will not die, but death will leave

Great part of my, as life I sconce

I will grow everywhere with glory,

While the Great Rome owns light.

Where quickly noise by jets avfid,

Where the long-lasting god reign in the simple people,

My fatherland will not be silent.

That I was not an obstacle to me,

To bring Ealsk poems to Italy

And the first link to Alcean Lear.

Righteous of the righteous merit, muse

And lead the head of the Delphic Lavra.

Derzhavin:

I am a monument to myself wonderful, eternal,

Metals harder he and above the pyramids,

Neither the whirlwind of it nor the thunder will break the fleet

And the flight time it will not be crushed.

So! - I will not die all, but some of me is big,

From a treny, killing, in death will live,

And my glory will increase, without fading,

The creed of the Slavs of the genus will be honored.

The rumor will take me from white waters to black,

Where the Volga, Don, Neva, the Ural pours with the Rifey;

Everyone will remember that in the peoples of unfortunate,

As in obscurity i knew it known

That the first I kept in a funny Russian syllable

About the virtues of Felitsa to heal,

In the heart ease of talking about God

And the truth of the kings with a smile to speak.

Oh, muse! fade by merit fair

And squeezes who you, those president;

Easily hand leisurely

Chela Your Zarya Immortality Vratery.

("Monument", 1795) A.S. Pushkin. Selected writings. M., " Fiction"1978, T. - 1, p. 283-285.

Pushkin, continuing the tradition, trying to show what his merits are in front of Russia:

And for a long time, I am kind of judgment,

That feelings are good I am awakened,

That in my cruel age I raised I am freedom

And grace to the fallen urged.

But in the understanding of Pushkin, the poet is not a contemporary in honor of the nobles and the kings, he is "Echo of the Russian people." "Free pride", "modest, noble lira", the desire to serve its poetry alone alone, the refusal to sing kings, the consciousness of a deep connection with the people - all this remained unchanged in Pushkin's views throughout his creative life. Literature. Textbook-Reader. M., "Education" 2005, p. 156-159.

In many Pushkin poems, we see opposition to the poet with secular society, among which he lives. He calls this society contemptuously and angry: "crowd", and "black", that is, from ignorant poet's persecutors, from a secular society, from "proud ignoramus" and "noble fools."

In the time of Pushkin, not only almost all the lyceumists wrote poems, but the highly educated bed of the nobility was sufficiently strong in the literature, the poetry was revered in the salons; Inability to write poems was considered a bad tone.

In 1826-1836, Pushkin creates a number of poems on the theme of the poet and poetry, in which the author develops his views on the objectives of the poet: Freedom of creativity, following its path, a certain vision, independence from the ministry of a secular crowd.

In addition, the idea about the tragic fate of the poet in life takes through all the work. Sometime, Zhukovsky developed the same topic. He was talented, but nevertheless, poets were kept at the "yard" as a lacker and jesters. Pushkin escaped the fate of his childhood idol. Already early poetry Pushkin on the wealth of thoughts, in the art level almost no difference from the works of recognized Masters of Russian poetry. Having absorbed into his poetry to achieve the modern literature, Pushkin is already in the lyceum seeks to go "its own way." Pushkin demands from the poetry of truth and expressions of feelings, he is far from the classicism of Zhukovsky, he disagrees with his teacher Derzhavin, who believed that poetry should "soar" over the world, Pushkin - the poet of reality. He is strong in all genres of poetry: Oda, friendly message, Elegy, Satira, epigram - everywhere Pushkin bold, his poetic style can not be confused with other poets.

In the work of each poet, early or late begins a fracture when he should comprehend - why does he write poems? Before Pushkin, this choice was not stood, he knew that poetry was needed to all to bear light and freedom to this world. Later, a hundred years later, Mayakovsky very accurately appreciated the work of the poet, saying: "Poetry is the same radium mining, in grams - mining, per year - works, I welt a single word for the sake of thousands of tons of verbal ore." Grossman L., "Notes d" Ashiak: Petersburg chronicle of 1836 ". M.," Terra ", 1997, p. 48-51.

Every word artist in one way or another in his work touched upon the question of the appointment of the poet and poetry.

The best Russian writers and poets highly appreciated the role of art in the life of the state and in the life of society, and especially the asserting significance of poetry. The poet was always considered to heal the advanced ideas, the defender of the interests of the people.

Mayakovsky could not get around this topic by the party and expressed his attitude towards it in many of his poems, such as "at the full voice", "Poet-working", "Conversation with the FininSpector about poetry" and others.

In miniatures "Order No. 1 and" Order No. 2 of the Art Army "Mayakovsky sought to theoretically comprehend the tasks of new art. And in his fundamental article "how to make poems" Mayakovsky talks about the grand work on the word, over a string and verse.

One of the first poems of Mayakovsky on the appointment of the poet and his creativity is the "Poet-Worker". With the help of bright metaphor Mayakovsky says that his work is important, like the work of any technique: "I am also a factory. And if without pipes, then maybe it is harder for me without pipes. "

In almost all of its lyrical works on this topic, Mayakovsky writes that the poetic creativity for him is a huge and painstaking work, as a rule, not as evaluated by many despised and often dangerous.

But it does not beat away from Mayakovsky hunt to write poems and glorify the work of the poet:

There are a huge job in front of us -

Each person needs poehold.

Let's work until the seventh sweat

Above the concept of quantity

Above quality improvement.

The poem "Conversation with the FininSpector about poetry" continues the tradition of talking about literature and its place in society. It resembles Pushkin's poem "Customer conversation with a poet."

Mayakovskiy not accidentally appealed to such a dialogue, because the writers at that time were taxed and many of them performed with a protest in the press about this. For Mayakovsky:

Poetry is the same radium mining.

In gram mining, per year - works.

I get a single word for the sake of

Thousands of tons of verbal ore.

In another poem - "Brothers writers" - Mayakovsky appeals to poets who write carefree romantic poems and prefer not to concern in them the bitter truth of life:

Really not bored fizz, palaces,

Love, lilac bush you?

If such as you, creators -

I do not care about any art.

Original poetic forms of their poems (without beautiful words, the right rhymes and sound) Mayakovsky justifies in one of its own works called "Reflections on Molchanov Ivan and Poetry", where he says: "Now for me a low honor that wonderful rhymes introduce me. I am most importantly - it's a stronger to take, get a bigger bourgeois, "and continues this idea in another poem:" ... rhyme poet - caress and slogan, and bayonet, and knut. "

"My work is a kind of child," Muakovsky writes in his poem "in the whole voice," where his reflections on Soviet poetry sound. Here he responds with hatred about the Meshchansky poetry with its low-lying ideals and compares it with real creations, created by the work of the poet: "Poems are leading-hard, ready for death, and to immortal glory."

"To the whole voice" - the final work of Mayakovsky. Probably, by this time, the poet already premeditated his death - he declares with pain and pride: "Melci, my verse, die, as ordinary, as unnamed on the storming merley."

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He confessed in his verses,

unwittingly enthusiastic delight

A.S. Pushkin.

The theme of the poet and poetry was always interesting to me, because I also try to write poems. And although I can not be called a poet, I already experienced a sense of joy when some words unexpectedly begin to develop in the stanza, and they, in turn, in the poem. Sometimes I have a question: what did such geniuses of Russian literature, as Derzhavin, Pushkin, Lermontov felt? What thoughts came to them at that distant time, what was their view of society, how did he relate to their inner world?

Answer this question, without becoming acquainted with the work of great writers, it is impossible.

To my life A.S. Pushkin entered in childhood. The preschooler I enjoyed his poems, fairy tales ... They hit me with their beauty and completeness of the content, inexhaustible energy of life, sincerity and title. Open all over the world, Pushkin managed his verse to make the open reader.

Becoming older, I found out M.Yu. Lermontov. Despite the fact that his poetry is very different from Pushkin's poetry, it has an amazing power of emotional impact. Borodino fascinates the sincere naturalness of patriotism, the "sail" - anxiety of searches and the desire of freedom, "MTSI" - the inflexibility of the gust, the will of the hero, who is not broken by the tragic fight with circumstances ... Since then, the names of these great poets for me are inseparable:

Pushkin - Rainbow on the whole earth,

Lermontov - Milky path over the mountains ...

(Vl. Nabokov)

Poetry G.R. Derzhavina arose for me much later, when I thought, from where the work of Pushkin and Lermontov and their famous followers, who enjoy to this day begins.

It was Derzhavin that made Russian poetryXVIII- XIX. There are such centuries that we are so loved and the beauty of which you admire. Before that, poets compatriots only reasoned in a poetic form about death, old age and different moral objects. The officials were supposed to hide their identity, as if their mouthpiece was the verbolep.

Derzhavin performed in the literature at sunset of classicism and, sensitive to new poetic trends, could not remain a faithful classic. Rejoicing from the regulatory prescriptions that had made him, the rare talent of Derzhavin turned with lightning speed and poetic power. The organizing center of the poetry of Derzhavin becomes increasingly the image of the author, one in all works. And as a person, not a conditionally distracted "PIIT", he sees the personal disadvantages of nobles, their "heavenly blue eyes."

In his work, Derzhavin pays great attention to the topic of the poet and poetry. Speaking of poetry, he emphasizes her true purpose:

This gift of the gods is only to honor

And to teach their ways

Should be addressed not to flattery

And the dark praise of people.

So follows Felitsa "Murza" - Fikhnotzer. Derzhavin himself sees his main merit in the fact that he "the truth of the kings with a smile said."

A lot of the poet drank for the first time in Russian literature. In particular, he was the first aloud spoke to his poetic immortality. The posthumous fame is the author depending on the choice of heroes, which he challenged:

I exacer you, I will glorify,

I will be immortal to you!

The same heroine (Felitsa) should "settle with him" in the "Temple of Glory" "the scapel image" of the poet ("My Istuban"). But in other works, Derzhavin could peakly proclaim:

My enemies of my worm of bone will complain

And I drink and do not die.

The entire topic of poetic immortality is devoted to two Derzhansky imatays to the Roman Poet Quinta Hurat Flacca: "Swan" and "Monument". Of these, the greatest fame is second.

So! - I will not die all, but some of me is big,

From a treny, killing, in death will live,

And my glory will increase, without fading,

The Slavs Dock The genus of the Univen will be honored.

The concept of Dervinsky immortality includes the memory of the people about his glorious creative path. After all, poetry poems had a public appointment.

Everyone will remember that in the peoples of unfortunate,

Like obscurity I have become known ...

The reason for His poetic immortality of Horace explains concisely and modestly: he shifted the Greek tune into Italian swarm. The explanation of the Derzhavin is spacious and refers not only to pure poetic merit, although they also:

That the first I kept in a funny Russian syllable

About the virtues of Felitsa to heal,

In the heart ease of talking about God

And the truth of the kings with a smile to speak.

In conclusion, Derzhanin adds an important thought:

Oh, muse! fade by merit fair

And the squeezes of you, the very desira ...

She was later picked up and deployed Pushkin in his variation on the same topic - the famous poem "I am a monument to myself erect ..."

Being the successor of the poetic case of Derzhavin, A.S. Pushkin, however, often criticizes it, as it has a different look at life and different from the Derzhavinsky civil position of the poet. The court poems in the shower was quite conservative, he put the state above all, at the head of which should be a wise king. In his world, there is good, there is a good, evil is evil, and if the rowers shook the bases of the Power, then this is also evil, with whom it should be struggling.

It is not difficult that the freedom of the Derzhadin seems to be the Neckbreet of the tuned Pushkin of severe and clumsy. He will name the verses of the predecessor "the bad transfer from some wonderful script - an estimate unflattering, but understandable. Pushkin, who gave a domestic poetry to the beauty of beauty, had to annoy the bizarre romance of Derzhansky OD.

But it was the Derzhavin Pushkin that was obliged to the main achievement - the release of the specified rules when choosing a poetic word. Derzhavinskaya gravity became a pedestal for Pushkin ease. A defeated teacher gave way to the winner of the student.

The active work of Pushkin began in a lyceum. During training, his civil position began to form, which was intended to serve the case of the liberation of Russia from the governing state system, the desire of the poet to independence in creativity, recognizing poetic labor as hard work. ("Delvigu, 1817," K N.Ya. Plussova, 1818.)

Of particular interest is the ode "Volynity", written in 1817. In it, the poet opposes the despotism of selfhood and serfdom.

Tirana of the world! Breshing!

And you are resting and getting into

Rose, fallen slaves!

Oda is an example of civilian lyrics, the samples of which Pushkin could find from Radishchev and Derzhavin. It is imbued with romantic pathos. But compared to Derzhavin, Pushkin proclaims the responsibility of the kings before the law, which is the key to the liberty of peoples.

Conducting the true purpose of the poet and poetry, seeing him in serving his people and Fatherland, the author is painfully experiencing the imperfection of his poetic language in the emissivity on the reader.

How to achieve the spiritual liberation of the people, reveal his eyes to the order of things that destroys the human dignity, where the "slavery" and "Slavery"? ("Village") with bitterness and hope the poet exclaims:

Hall in my chest is burning inside

And I do not give me the fate of the Vityth of the Terrible Dar?

But no matter how difficult there was an overlap of poetry, A.S. Pushkin steadily seeks to achieve it, finding accurate fine means for the embodiment of spiritual ideals of high-heat soul.

So, in the poem "Dagger" Pushkin condemns a mass terror of Jacobins and at the same time famous "punishing the dagger" as a "secret guard" of freedom, "the last proud of shame and resentment." For many Decembrists, this poem was perceived as a call for the overthrow of autocracy.

After the defeat of the Decembrist's uprising in the lyrics of Pushkin, the philosophical motives are still stronger than the meaning and goal of life, about the poet and its appointment, about the relationship between the poet and society. The winsted soul is inhibited by the presence of gendarme censorship, which recognizes only official literature rejecting all the living, bold, progressive. In the poem "Message of Censor", the author claims the desire to do according to the laws by itself installed, rejecting the useless censorship:

Dr. Enun, you wander between music;

Neither feelings are ardent, nor the brilliance of the mind, neither taste,

Neither a syllable of the singer "Peters", so pure, noble, -

Nothing touches the soul of your cold.

A.S. Pushkin sincerely tried to awaken the winsted motifs in the people, a sense of self-esteem, but in vain: his disappointment in serving a society was reflected in the poem "Freedom deserted sower".

And he my breasts shed sword,

And the heart was thrown out,

And coal, burning fire

In the chest, the hole was irrigated.

So the Transfiguration of the Prophet is completed: the poet comes to the thought that he should not just comfort, please the people and deliver them to their work, but to instruct the reader, lead him.

However, with the all-facing kindness of the poet, idylls in the relations of A.S. Pushkin with readers has never been. Recall the "Conversation of the bookSeller with the poet" (1824):

Blessed who is Tail

Souls high creating

And from people, as from the grave,

I did not wait for the feeling of raising!

This position of the festivity of the poet from the crowd is expressed in poems "Poet" (1830), "Echo" (1831), "Tip Dehch" (1833), Gallet (1832), "Wanderer" ( 1835), "Pindimony" (1836)

The degree of alienation between the poet and the reader A.S. Pushkin is aware of lyrics tragically:

... crowd deaf,

Winged novelty lover blinding

Shooting dumplings change every day

And rolling stucha from a step on a step

The idols of them, yesterday crowned with her.

Meanwhile, the hope of reading recognition has always lived in Pushkin. This hope sounds like prophecy, breaking down contrary to the tragic loneliness of the poet during life.

At the sunset of his short life A.S. Pushkin, as if sorry for an ambulance death, decides to summarize its poetic activity. This result was the poem "I am a monument to myself erect ..." (1836). The poem in the first lines reveals its secret of poetic immortality and release from captivity: the death of the earth reveals the eternal life:

No, I will not die all - the soul in the cherished lyre

My dust will survive and the thorn will run away -

And Slaven I will be, a dip in the sublutage world

Alive will be at least one pyit.

Then Pushkin proclaims the basic value and measure of any poet - Nature:

And for a long time, I am kind of judgment,

That feelings are good I am awakened,

That in my cruel century I left the freedom,

And grace to the fallen urged.

In these rows, the humanistic idea of \u200b\u200bcreativity is approved. The poet, according to Pushkin, should try to make people better, do not blame them in ignorance and darkness, but to specify the right path. And here he is obliged to listen only to the field of his own heart ...

Venya God, about Muz, be obedient,

Resentment is not afraid without requiring a crown;

Praise and kindness were indifferent,

And do not dispose of a fool.

The "monument" began a riot, and ended with a spell, a call for humility, but to such a humility, which rejected all the dependence on the bustle (offense, crown, praise, slander). This poem is a feat of the poet, imprinted all the beauty of his personality.

In its own way, solves the theme of the poet and poetry M.Yu. Lermontov. Picking up the relay of his predecessor, he created a wider and complex image of the poet. This complexity is explained by those living conditions that were associated with the consequences of the defeat of the Decembrists. "There are no two poets so substantially different, - wrote V.G. Belinsky, - like Pushkin and Lermontov. Pushkin - the poet of the inner feeling of the soul; Lermontov is a poet of merciless thought, truth. Pushkin's pathos lies in the field of art itself as art; Paphos Poetry Lermontov is moral questions about the fate of the human person. " The noble and bright poetry of Pushkin developed on the soil of hopes and confidence in life, faith in the limitless possibilities of a person. And the voltage of the folk forces in the Patriotic War of 1812, and the rise of the national self-consciousness was fed this hope and faith.

For a shift, a bright and direct, open look at the world, the era of disappointment, skepticism and "longing in life" comes to replace life. The era of Lermontov comes to replace the era of Pushkin. These epochs divided 1825, the year of the uprising and defeat of the Decembrists. And in the poetry of Lermontov from the very first lines the topic of loneliness sounds.

"In ... lyrical works of Lermontov, - wrote V.G. Belinsky, - the excess of the unstable strength of the Spirit and the Bogatyr force in the expression is visible; But there are no hope in them, they are striking the reader's soul without the mosslessness and feelings of human, in the thirst for life and excess feelings ... Nowhere does Pushkin raised on the feast of life; But everywhere questions that darken the soul, lean the heart ... Yes, it is obvious that Lermontov - the poet is a completely different era and that his poetry is a completely new link in the chain of the historical development of society ... "

Pushkin challenged to experience bitterness of misunderstanding, and his voice sometimes sounded like a voice crying in the desert. The poet Prophet was not always clearly understood by the surrounding in his predictions, and his poetry sometimes caused the question: "What benefit to us from her?"

Lermontov missed not only loneliness and misunderstandings. He is already a figure of distinctly tragic. The death of the poet in the world is inevitable. This suggested Lermontov and the fate of his ingenious predecessor. The poem "death of the poet" is written on the hottest trails of events and under the immediate impression of them. Although it's about tragic fate concrete person, Lermontov interprets what is happening as a manifestation of the eternal struggle of good with evil and cruelty. The poet dies from the hands of insignificant people. He is proud, independent personality, wondrous genius, the phenomenon is unprecedented and therefore alien in a medium living envy, greed, slander, chase for happiness, understood as wealth, high titles and ranks, a privileged position in society ... Faced heaven with earthly, low High, "ice with a flame."

The poet Prophet is an image introduced into the literary use of Pushkin. Also he and Lermontov. It also appears the image of the punishing dagger. In the poem "poet" Lermontov builds a lyrical composition on comparing his colleague according to Peru with a dagger, recalling those distant times, when the passionate word of the poet was in the hearts of the listeners, when his work was serving, and not the flour of loneliness:

Happened, the dimensional sound of your powerful words

Ignited the fighter for the battle.

He was needed a crowd like a bowl bowl,

As fimiam in prayer hours.

Your verse, like God's Spirit, washed over the crowd,

And szvuch of noble thoughts

Sounded like a bell on the tower

During the days of celebrations and misfortunes.

But the emptiness and the involvement of the surrounding world force the poet to get into themselves, refuse to high service people, and this, as Lermontov believes, is equivalent to the rusted blade of Dagger. Calling by a poem to hear the call of time, Lermontov for the first time in his work will use the image of the "commemorative prophet".

Wake up you again, the weed

From the gold feet do not break your blade,

Rustful contempt?

As in the poem "Poet", in the "journalist, reader and writer" the topic of prophecy arises. "Prophetic speech", "Sundayed Prophet" - these persistent repeating images will receive the tragic conclusion in the poem "Prophet", which will be the outcome of the reflection of Lermontov about the fate and the purpose of this poet. He consciously chooses the poetic form of the Pushkin "Prophet". His work is written in the same size and sounds like a direct continuation of the poem of Pushkin, whose "God" calls to the Prophet:

Rise to the Prophet, and to all, and hurt

Fight MY WILL

And coming around the sea and land

Glagol Loggy Hearts People!

Here is the main purpose of the Providence, his duty to the world and in front of him. And it does not matter how those who are intended to be perceived by his words. Lermontov heard the appeal of the predecessor and followed him:

Since the eternal judgment

I gave me all the prophet

I read people in the eyes of people

Pages of malice and vice.

To proclaim, I became love

And the truth is pure teachings.

I'm all the closest my

Throwing mad stones ...

The Lermontov prophet, sprinkling his head ashes, runs away from people to the desert, where he gratefully listens only to the stars and a short-sighted creature. When he occasionally appears "noisy town", then the magic elders show with his fingers, inspiring children:

See, children, on him,

How he is sullen, and thin, and pale.

See how he is naked and poor,

The ridiculous prophet, on whom they show with a finger, like an oak, - scary. He will find only sadness and longing. Compared to the Pushkin hero, he moves only back. For Pushkin, the provider is the carrier of the Word of God, filled with all the very pure and light. In the poem, Lermontov, the Prophet, without giving up the gift of the Most High, carries the grave cross of misunderstandings, cruelty and contempt for others, making his way through the crowd and turning to her instructive speech.

In the era of the state instability, Lermontov remained a keeper and the successor of the high covenants of the predecessors. His poet prophet is a carrier of sublime truths. Poetic ideals still relate to the ideals of Pushkin time. His poems are full of bitterness, feelings of loneliness, disunity in the kingdom of arbitrariness and MGLL, as the Nikolaev era called Herzen. This was reported to Lermontov's character tragic.

The question of how the poet should be, what is his role in society, what are the tasks of poetry, always worried and will worry the supporters of art for the people. Therefore, the topic of appointment of the verse - the central theme is not only poetry XIX. Century, she permeates the work of modern poets, for which the fate of the Motherland and the people is their fate.

G.R. Derzhavin, A.S. Pushkin, M.Yu. Lermontov as representatives of the advanced circles of Russian societyXVIII- XIX. centuries led the further movement of literature forward, determined its subsequent development.

Russian reality, the spiritual proximity of Pushkin to the Decembristians was the school in which the views of the poets were developed on the essence of art, the place and role of poetry in society. Considering the fact that the great poems wrote at different times, we can talk about the peculiar representation of each of them about their poetic muse.

The image of the Derzhansky Muse remained unchanged throughout his work. It was distinguished by good-natured nature, simplicity, home and privacy.

A.S. Pushkin Muza seemed to be a "girlfriend of windy", "Vakhanchka", "the young ladies, with a sad dump of eyes, with a French book in his hands," and most often she was called to "verb in the heart of people."

M.Yu. Lermontov created his poetic image of the muse, differing sharply from Pushkinskaya. At first she is full of sadness and disappointment, and then - passionately wants to find yourself and its place in life, filled with faith and hopes.

For Derzhavin, the poet there is some kind of variation of a sacred festival, whose task "the truth of the kings with a smile to speak", joking and balarage, to teach rulers, warned them and correct - "And in jokes the truth is being announced."

For Pushkin, the purpose of poetry is poetry. The prophetic vocation of the poem relieves it from the need to bear verses any everyday benefit. He is disinterested only to God ("Letten God, about Muse, be obedient ...) and harmony. Poetry is akin to life itself, it is just as unpredictable.

Much deeper and more tragic perceives poetry, and the reality of M.Yu. Lermontov. The poetic analysis of the soul leads the poetman only to new and new questions - and so until his life has broken. As the poet of unsolvable doubts he entered the story of Russian literature.

However, such individual views on creativity do not detract from the main - the true appointment of the poet and poetry, the appointment, which the poetmen saw in serving their people, Fatherland. In everything, that, no matter what they wrote, an advanced man has affected, it was not affected by reconciliation with reality, but an active will and the desire to destroy everything that oppressed, suppressed, crushed the people and the life of the person.

Looking in front of the great predecessor, to go along his tracks, but to go, Bunuya, continue, but not imitate - this is one of the wonderful properties that distinguish the personalities of true poets.

List of used literature.

1. V. Khodasevich "Derzhavin"

2. P. Palmarchuk "The word and the case of Derzhavin"

3. I. Podolskaya "Derzhavin"

4. S. Andreevsky "Lermontov"

5. V. Belinsky "Poems M.Yu. Lermontov "

6. I. Andronikov "Poet image"

7. V. Nedzvetsky "Poet and his fate"

8. V. Nepomnyazham "Lyrics Pushkin"

9. V. Guminsky "The life of the Pushkin" Monument "in time"

10. B. Bobyl "Not requiring a crown ..."

11. F. Dostoevsky "Pushkin"

12. N. Gogol. "A few words about Pushkin"

13. N. Sechina "A.S. Pushkin. Lyrics"