The theme of the poet and poetry in Russian literature of the 19th century. The theme of the purpose of the poet and poetry in Pushkin's lyrics

The theme of the poet and poetry in the work of Pushkin and Lermontov occupies one of the leading places. In works devoted to this topic, Pushkin and Lermontov pose and resolve the following questions: what spiritual features should a poet have, what is the role of a poet in society, what is the essence of the creative process itself, what should be the attitude of a poet to the world around him, what are his merits in front of society. Both poets are convinced that necessary condition creativity is freedom. Pushkin speaks about this in the poem "To the Poet". The author himself experienced “the judgment of fools and the laughter of a hungry crowd”, but did not lose faith in himself and his vocation. Pushkin calls on the poet:

... the road of the free

Go where your free mind takes you.

You are your own highest court;

You will be able to appreciate your work more strictly ...

The poet, according to Pushkin, should create, "without demanding rewards for a noble feat." Lermontov also believes that the poet's work should be disinterested. He talks about this in the poem "Poet". This work is a detailed comparison of the fate of the dagger and the poet. The dagger was once a formidable weapon, but over time it “lost its purpose” and turned into a golden toy. What happened to the dagger reminds the author of the fate of the poet. Lermontov accuses the poet of having exchanged “for gold” “the power that the world listened to in mute reverence.” Lermontov believes that “glitters and deceptions” are alien to true art. The poet's voice should sound “like a bell on a veche tower. In the days of celebrations and troubles of the people. In the last lines, the images of poetry and the dagger merge:

Will you wake up again, mocked prophet!

You can't tear your blade out of the golden scabbard,

Rusted with contempt?

This poem, like many of Lermontov's works devoted to this topic, is full of civic pathos. The author argues that the poet must take an active civic position. The poet's word is a formidable weapon capable of igniting the "fighter for battle", it is necessary for the crowd, "like incense in the hours of prayer." Lermontov inherited the concept of citizenship in poetry from Pushkin, who was the first to proclaim it in his works. Pushkin himself, as is well known, took part in the Decab. rists. He talks about this in the poem “Arion”:

There were many of us on the boat;

Others strained the sail,

Others chimed in unanimously

In depth powerful oars.

The poet defines his role in the Decembrist movement with the following words: “I sang to the swimmers.” Despite the fact that the uprising ended in the defeat of the Decembrists, Pushkin remained true to their ideals. He openly states this in the last lines of the poem:

I sing the old hymns...

The idea that a poet should actively relate to the world around him, to influence people with his word, also sounds in Pushkin's poem "The Prophet". But in order for the poet-prophet to be able to do this, he, according to Pushkin, must have certain talents. In the poem mentioned above, the author tells how, during a spiritual crisis, a six-winged seraph appeared to him and rewarded him with amazing eyesight and sensitive hearing. As a result of miraculous transformations, instead of a “sinful language”, the poet acquired the “sting of a wise snake”, instead of a “quivering heart” - “coal burning with fire”. All these qualities are needed not by a romantic poet, but by a realist poet, who reflects in his work the problems of the reality surrounding him, and for real art it is not enough just to retell your thoughts and feelings. It is necessary that the soul of the poet be filled with “divine will”. Only in this case, the poet-prophet can begin to fulfill his mission - to burn the “hearts of people” with a “verb”. Lermontov in the poem of the same name continues Pushkin's theme. He begins his story from the point where Pushkin left off:

Ever since the eternal judge

He gave me the omniscience of the prophet,

I read in the eyes of people

Pages of malice and vice.

Trying to help people, the prophet began to preach "pure teachings of love and truth." But his words aroused only anger in people, and the prophet was forced to flee into the wilderness. Unlike Pushkin's "Prophet", Lermontov's poem is marked tragic pathos. Lermontov's prophet is not only a divine chosen one, but also a poor exile. Lermontov believed that the fate of a lonely exile is inevitable for a true poet. Therefore, in the poem “The Death of a Poet”, Lermontov speaks of the tragic death of Pushkin as a natural consequence of his loneliness:

... why sobs now,

Empty praise unnecessary choir,

And the pathetic babble of excuses?

Fate's verdict has come true.

The poem is full of conflicting feelings. It contains Lermontov's love, and hatred, and sorrow. The author easily reproaches Pushkin for the fact that "he entered into this light, envious and stifling for a free heart and fiery passions." And boldly names those who are to blame for the death of the great poet:

... you arrogant descendants,

You, a greedy crowd standing at the throne,

Freedom, Genius and Glory executioners!

The accusation grows to a curse:

And you won't wash away with all your black blood

Poet's righteous blood!

By writing this poem, Lermontov declared himself as the successor to the traditions of Pushkin's poetry. Pushkin himself identified the main features of his work and described them in the poem "Monument":

And for a long time I will be kind to the people,

That I aroused good feelings with lyre,

That in my cruel age I glorified Freedom

And he called for mercy on the fallen.

Rumors about me will spread throughout Great Russia,

And every language that is in it will call me,

And the proud grandson of the Slavs, and the Finn, and now wild

Tungus, and a Kalmyk friend of the steppes...

In the last stanza, Pushkin says that during his lifetime his work will not be properly understood and appreciated. Therefore, he believes that his muse should be obedient only to "the command of God." The poem "Monument" sums up Pushkin's reflections on the appointment of the poet and poetry. Lermontov, continuing this theme in his work, went further than his brilliant predecessor. He significantly expanded the range of questions posed and answers them with his philosophical reasoning. The reflections of Lermontov and Pushkin on the role of the poet and poetry played an important role in shaping the views of their followers.

The theme of the poet and poetry runs through all the work of A. S. Pushkin, getting over the years different interpretation reflecting the changes taking place in the worldview of the poet.

It is significant that in his first printed work, the message "To a Poet Friend" (1814), Pushkin says that not everyone can be a real poet:

Arist, not the poet who knows how to weave rhymes

And, creaking with feathers, he does not spare paper.

Good poetry is not so easy to write...

And the fate prepared for a true poet is not easy, and his path is thorny:

Fate has not given them any marble chambers,

Chests full of pure gold.

A shack underground, high lofts -

Behold, their palaces are magnificent, their halls are magnificent ...

Their life is a series of sorrows...

The image of a state-owned “gloomy rhymer” (“To Galich”, 1815), “a boring preacher” (“To My Aristarchus”, 1815) is alien to Pushkin the lyceum student, and the image of a freedom-loving poet-thinker, a fiery-severe exposer of vices is sweet:

I want to sing freedom to the world

On thrones to strike vice...

In the poem "The Conversation of a Bookseller with a Poet" (1824), the poet and the bookseller express their attitude towards poetry in the form of a dialogue. The author's view of literature and poetry is somewhat mundane here. There is a new understanding of the tasks of poetry. The hero of the poem, the poet, speaks of poetry that brings "fiery delight" to the soul. He chooses spiritual and poetic freedom. But the bookseller says:

Our age of trade; in this age of iron

There is no freedom without money.

Both the bookseller and the poet are right in their own way: the laws of life have extended to the "sacred" realm of poetry. And the poet is quite satisfied with the position that the bookseller offers him:

Inspiration is not for sale

But you can sell the manuscript.

Pushkin considers his work-poetry not only as a "brainchild" of inspiration, but also as a means of subsistence. However, to the question of the bookseller: “What will you choose?” - the poet answers: "Freedom." Gradually comes the understanding that no political freedom is possible without inner freedom and that only spiritual harmony will make a person feel independent.

After the massacre of the Decembrists, Pushkin wrote the poem "Prophet" (1826). The mission of the prophet is beautiful and terrible at the same time: "Burn the hearts of people with the verb." It is impossible to cleanse the world of filth without suffering. The poet is a chosen one, a seer and a teacher, called to serve his people, to be prophetic, wise, to raise people to fight for truth and freedom.

The motive of being chosen sounds especially strong here. The poet stands out from the crowd. He is taller than her. But this chosenness is bought by the torments of creativity, at the cost of great suffering. And only "God's voice" grants the hero his great path.

The process of human transformation is nothing but the birth of a poet. "The eyes of the prophets were opened" in order to see the world, "the sting of the wise snake" is given instead of the tongue, and instead of the quivering heart - "coal burning with fire." But this is not enough to become the chosen one. We still need a lofty goal, an idea in the name of which the poet creates and which enlivens, gives meaning to everything that he so sensitively hears and sees. "God's voice" commands to "burn the hearts of people" with a poetic word, showing the true truth of life:

Arise, prophet, and see, and listen,

Fulfill my will

And, bypassing the seas and lands,

Burn people's hearts with the verb.

The poem has an allegorical meaning, but in this case the poet affirms the divine nature of poetry, which means that the poet bears responsibility only before the Creator.

In the poem "The Poet" (1827), the motive of the divine election of the poet also appears. And when inspiration descends, “the divine verb touches the sensitive ear”, the poet feels his chosenness, the vain amusements of the world become alien to him:

He runs, wild and stern,

And full of sounds and confusion,

On the shores of desert waves

In the noisy oak forests...

In the poems “To the Poet”, “The Poet and the Crowd”, Pushkin proclaims the idea of ​​freedom and independence of the poet from the “crowd”, “mob”, meaning by these words “secular mob”, people who are deeply indifferent to true poetry. The crowd does not see any benefit in the work of the poet, because it does not bring any material benefits:

Like the wind, its song is free,

But like the wind it is barren:

What use is it to us?

This attitude of the "uninitiated" crowd irritates the poet, and he contemptuously throws to the crowd:

Shut up you stupid people

Laborer, slave of need, worries!

I can't bear your impudent murmur,

You are a worm of the earth, not a son of heaven...

……………………………………

Go away - what's the matter

The peaceful poet is up to you!

In debauchery boldly stone,

The voice of the lyre will not revive you!

Poetry is the lot of the elite:

We are born to inspire

For sweet sounds and prayers.

This is how Pushkin formulates the goal in whose name the poet comes into the world. "Sweet sounds" and "prayers", beauty and God - these are the guidelines that guide him through life.

The poem "To the Poet" (1830) is imbued with the same mood. Pushkin calls on the poet to be free from the opinion of the crowd, which will never understand the chosen one:

Poet! do not value the love of the people.

Enthusiastic praise will pass a moment's noise;

Hear the judgment of a fool and the laughter of the cold crowd,

But you remain firm, calm and gloomy.

Pushkin urges the poet to be demanding of his work:

You are your own highest court;

You know how to evaluate your work more strictly ...

Reflecting on the purpose of poetry in the fate of the poet, Pushkin compares himself with an echo (poem "Echo", 1831). The echo responds to all the sounds of life, it, like the poet, is in love with the world:

For every sound

Your response in the empty air

You suddenly give birth.

In these words one can hear the readiness to accept the world in all its manifestations, even when "there is no response." For the poet, the main thing is serving eternal values: goodness, freedom, mercy, and not the whims of the "crowd" and "mob".

This is exactly what Pushkin writes about in the poem “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands ...” (1836):

And for a long time I will be kind to the people,

That I aroused good feelings with lyre,

That in my cruel age I glorified Freedom

And he called for mercy on the fallen.

Pushkin in this poem puts poetry above the glory of kings and generals, for it is closer to God:

By the command of God, O muse, be obedient.

Man is mortal, but the creations of his spirit acquire eternal life:

No, all of me will not die - the soul is in the cherished lyre

My ashes will survive and decay will flee.

Russian classic literature gave the world magnificent examples of poetic creativity. The poems of Pushkin, Lermontov, Nekrasov have become true masterpieces. One of the main themes for these great masters of the word was the problem of the purpose and place of poetry in life, the purpose of the poet, his role in society.

A. S. Pushkin, with all his work, affirmed the unity of poetry and real life For him, the poet was a person endowed with a divine gift. The muse should not turn away from people, considering it unworthy to pay attention to simple plots. A poet for Pushkin is a prophet, capable of influencing society with his creativity. The poem “Prophet” is devoted to this topic, in which the voice of the author is heard, calling on the poet:

“Arise, prophet, and see, and listen,
Fulfill my will
And, bypassing the seas and lands,
Burn people's hearts with the verb."

The poet can see and feel what is not available to others. But he is obliged to dedicate his gift to people, and not to languish with "spiritual thirst" or go to sky-high heights of dreams and dreams. This is the deep conviction of Pushkin himself, who in the poem "Monument" addresses the muse with instruction;

By the command of God, O muse, be obedient,
Not afraid of resentment, not demanding a crown,
Praise and slander were accepted indifferently
And don't argue with the fool.

A. S. Pushkin until his death remained devoted to his convictions, faith in high purpose poetry, the strength and ability of a poet-citizen, a poet-prophet.

These views were fully shared by Pushkin's successor M. Yu. Lermontov. The same motives sound in his work, but time has left its mark on the poet's poems. During the years of reaction, the fate of the poet was very difficult. In the poem "The Poet" Lermontov compares the poet with a dagger, which used to be a formidable weapon, faithfully served its owner. And now the dagger has become a toy, no one needs it. So the poet lost his purpose, exchanged a powerful voice for gold. Previously, the words of the poet raised the spirits of people, sounded “like a bell on a veche tower during the days of celebrations and troubles of the people”, it is painful for Lermontov to observe how petty and deceptive poetic creativity has become. He bitterly asks, hoping for a better future:

Will you wake up again, mocked prophet?
Or never to the voice of vengeance
You can't tear your blade out of the golden scabbard,
Covered with rust of contempt? ..

Lermontov himself experienced the full burden of the position of the poet-prophet in contemporary society. In the poem "Prophet" a completely different fate awaits the hero than the hero of Pushkin's poem of the same name. People did not need the "God's gift" of the prophet, he has to live in the forest, hide from people:

I began to proclaim love
And true pure teachings:
All my neighbors are in me
Rocks were thrown furiously.

This is exactly what the “neighbors” did with Pushkin and Lermontov, whose lives were cut short in their prime creative forces. Pushkin died, Lermontov fell in a duel, but in Russia there was a man who became the successor to the work of great artists.

N. A. Nekrasov devoted all his work to the Russian people. The poet's lyrics served as a model of citizenship for his contemporaries. A poet must first of all be a citizen, said Nekrasov, to serve the people:

It's a shame to sleep with your talent;
Even more ashamed in the hour of grief
The beauty of valleys, skies and seas
And sing sweet affection ...

Nekrasov calls on poetry to be an expression of popular interests. The poet must write about the people and for the people:

Be a citizen! serving the art
Live for the good of your neighbor
Subordinating your genius to feeling
All-embracing love…

The same theme is heard in the poem "Elegy". Nekrasov argues that poetry cannot forget the suffering and aspirations of the common people, because this is precisely its high purpose. The most worthy for the lyre:

To remind the crowd that the people are in poverty
While she rejoices and sings.
To excite the attention of the mighty of the world to the people ...

Nekrasov's poetry, like the lyrics of Pushkin and Lermontov, had a huge impact on the minds and hearts of people. These great Russian poets raised their poetic creativity to an unattainable height, earning fame and recognition from their descendants. And the words of Nekrasov can be safely attributed to each of the brilliant poets of Russia:

I dedicated the lyre to my people...

Pushkin contributed to the development of the theme of the poet and poetry, traditional for European literature. This important theme runs through all his work. Already the first published poem "To a friend of the poet" contained reflections on the purpose of the poet. According to the young Pushkin, the gift of writing poetry is not given to every person:

Arist, not the poet who knows how to weave rhymes
And, creaking with feathers, he does not spare paper.
Good poetry is not easy to write...

Appeal to the theme of the poet and poetry at the very beginning creative way testifies to the seriousness of Pushkin's approach to writing. From the first steps, he felt responsible for what he wanted to say to readers. In the early poem "To Galich" Pushkin criticizes the gloomy court poets, and in the poem "To My Aristarchus" - "boring preachers". He himself dreams of the role of an accuser of vices, about which he writes in the ode "Liberty":

I want to sing freedom to the world
On the thrones to strike vice ...

Young Pushkin was sure that he could influence society and even the behavior of monarchs through poetry. The poems of this period are optimistic and full of energy. In the poem "To Chaadaev," the poet passionately dreams of dedicating "the soul's wonderful impulses" to his homeland, of being useful to her. The "autocracy" of the kings is contrary to his freedom-loving nature, the author is sure that the unjust government will soon collapse. The poet expresses the hope for the speedy liberation of the peasants from "wild slavery" in the poem "Village".

As he grew older, Pushkin's views on the role of the poet and poetry changed significantly. A new attitude to poetry sounds in the poem "The Conversation of a Bookseller with a Poet". This poem is built in the form of a dialogue between a bookseller and a poet. The poet wants to create freely, to receive "fiery delight" from the process of creating poems, but the seller cools his impulses, declaring: "... in this age of iron / There is no freedom without money." Yes, the poet is a creator, but he is a living person. The poet agrees with the seller's statement: "Inspiration is not for sale, / But you can sell the manuscript." Poetry is hard work and can be seen as a means of subsistence. The problem is that a poet can create only in conditions of personal freedom. Only the freedom of the soul gives a person independence.

In the poem "The Prophet" Pushkin argues that society needs a poet-prophet, strong and wise, who could "burn people's hearts with a verb." In this poem, the motif of the poet's election sounds. A peaceful poet giving advice to the authorities is no longer needed. We need a fiery fighter. "Six-winged seraph" miraculously changes the poet, turning his heart into "coal burning with fire", and his tongue into "the sting of a wise snake." Having become a prophet, the poet must fulfill the will of God.

According to Pushkin, the poet must, like a priest, serve his art. Talent is from God. The poet should not pay attention to the judgments of the crowd, which does not understand the value of poetry. In the poem "Poet" Pushkin again points to God's chosenness of a real poet, who is alien to the vanity and spiritual emptiness of the nobles of high society. At first glance, the poet is the same as everyone else, but the ability to write poetry elevates him above the crowd.

The conversation about relations with the crowd continues in the poems "To the Poet" and "The Poet and the Crowd". "Secular mob", soulless people who understand only profit, tell the poet that there is no benefit from his poems, the lines of his poetry are just wind. In annoyance, the poet exclaims:

Go away - what's the matter
The peaceful poet is up to you!
In debauchery boldly stone,
The voice of the lyre will not revive you!

Pushkin urges poets "not to cherish the love of the people." The noise of praise will pass, but the responsibility for one's creativity will remain. The main thing is not to change the ideals of freedom and beauty.

In the poem "I erected a monument to myself not made by hands ..." Pushkin puts poetry on the highest level. He believes that art is above the power of kings, since God gives talent and inspiration. The poet is sure that poetry is immortal, which means that his name will outlive him and be preserved for centuries.

How to download a free essay? Press and save. And a link to this essay; The theme of the poet and poetry in the lyrics of A. S. Pushkin (Third version) already in your bookmarks.

Additional essays on the topic

• The theme of love in the lyrics of F. I. Tyutchev
  The talented Russian poet F. Tyutchev was a man who knew how to love deeply, passionately and devotedly. In Tyutchev's understanding, love is a "fatal duel": both the merging of souls and their confrontation. The poet's poems about love are full of drama: Oh, how deadly we love, As in the violent blindness of passions, We most surely destroy everything, What is dear to our heart! Tyutchev has a storm of feelings in his verses, he describes love in all its variety of manifestations. The poet believed that true love
• The theme of the Motherland, patriotism and citizenship in the poetry of A. A. Akhmatova
  During the life of Anna Akhmatova came greatest wars in the history of mankind. When did the first World War, her husband, N. Gumilyov, volunteered to go to the front. Akhmatova understood the full horror of the war, so her poetry in those years has an anti-war character. The poems "Consolation" and "Prayer" testify to this. Women could only pray: Give me the bitter years of illness, Suffocation, insomnia, fever, Take away both the child and the friend, And the mysterious song gift - So I pray for your liturgy After so many agonizing
• Themes of love, art, religion in the poem by V. V. Mayakovsky "A Cloud in Pants"
  The reason for the creation of the poem "A cloud in pants" was the tragic experiences of a personal nature. Mayakovsky defined the meaning and main idea of ​​his work in the preface to the first edition of the book (1918). The poet, in his characteristic manner, expresses the essence of the content of the four parts of the poem as follows: "Down with your love!", "Down with your art!", "Down with your system!", "Down with your religion!". In the first part of the poem, many themes of the lyrics were embodied early Mayakovsky. This is both the opposition of the poet to the psychology of "fat", and the lyrical
• Freedom-loving lyrics by A. S. Pushkin
  Pushkin happened to live in an era when, after the victory over Napoleon's army, new, freedom-loving trends arose in Russia. Progressive people believed that slavery should not exist in a victorious country that liberated the world from invaders. Pushkin warmly embraced the ideas of freedom even at the Lyceum. Reading the works of the French enlighteners of the 18th century, the works of Radishchev only strengthened the ideological positions of the future poet. Lyceum poems by Pushkin were saturated with the pathos of freedom. In the poem "Licinius" the poet exclaims: "Rome grew by freedom, and by slavery
• The theme of the motherland in the poetry of F. I. Tyutchev
  The great Russian poet Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev left a rich creative legacy to his descendants. He lived in an era when Pushkin, Zhukovsky, Nekrasov, Tolstoy worked. Contemporaries considered Tyutchev the smartest, most educated person of his time, they called him "a real European." From the age of eighteen, the poet lived and studied in Europe. Tyutchev for a long life witnessed many historical events in Russian and European history: war with Napoleon, revolutions in Europe, Polish uprising, Crimean War, the abolition of serfdom in Russia and
• The motives of the tragic loneliness of V. V. Mayakovsky
  Vladimir Mayakovsky is often called the "poet-tribune". However, it is wrong to reduce Mayakovsky's poetry only to propaganda and oratorical poems, since it also contains intimate love confessions, tragedy, a feeling of sadness and philosophical reflections about love. Behind the outward rudeness of Mayakovsky's lyrical hero lies a vulnerable and tender heart. From the very first poems ("From fatigue", the cycle "I" and others), Mayakovsky sounds the motive of the tragic loneliness of a person in the world: Earth!
• The theme of the motherland in the poetry of S. Yesenin (Second version)
  The best part Yesenin's creativity is connected with the village. The birthplace of Sergei Yesenin was the village of Konstantinovo, Ryazan province. The middle, the heart of Russia, gave the world a wonderful poet. The ever-changing nature, the colorful local dialect of the peasants, old traditions, songs and fairy tales from the cradle entered the consciousness of the future poet. Yesenin claimed: "My lyrics are alive with one great love, love for the motherland. The feeling of the motherland is the main thing in my work." It was Yesenin who managed to create in Russian lyrics the image of a village at the end of the 19th century.

Featured Essays

Creative implementation and implementation of testing technologies in the 8th grade geography course

8 Grade Topic 1. 1. a) dovidnikovy; b) expeditionary; traditional; d) aero

Special-orientation of pidhіd in scientific history

Professional training of future teachers of history is being retrained at the stage of conceptual rethinking. The field of social and humanistic disciplines (including history) in the system

Statement of the environmental propaganda team

Participants of the propaganda brigade enter the stage under the musical support. Lesson 1

Favorite day of the week (Second option)

My favorite day of the week, oddly enough, is Thursday. On this day, I go to the pool with my girlfriends.

New compositions

Exam Essays

The power of love in the artistic world of F. I. Tyutchev

Each poet, writer creates a special world in his work, within which he tries to figuratively rethink the problems that concern him, to find them.

I love Ukraine Good health to you "I'm True, wonderful phrases? Stinks bring us closer

The concept of introducing media education in Ukraine

THE CONCEPT OF PROVIDING MEDIA EDUCATION IN UKRAINE Congratulated by the decision of the Presidium of the National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine on May 20, 2010, Protocol No. 1-7/6-150

1 Akhmatova wrote about Pasternak like this: He was rewarded with some kind of eternal childhood, That generosity and vigilance of the luminaries, And the whole earth was

Statistics

© The best works of all times and peoples, which are included in all school and university programs, essays based on the works of Russian and foreign writers, "cornerstone" masterpieces of Russian and world literature. All materials are available for download free of charge.

The theme of the poet and poetry

In the lyrics of A.S. Pushkin, the theme of the poet and poetry occupies a very important place. Pushkin's interest in this topic is quite understandable. One of the most brilliant poets of world significance, who is well acquainted with the poetry of all times and peoples, who devoted his whole life to poetic creativity, he wrote more than a dozen poems that reveal the different parties theme of the poet and poetry. "The Conversation of a Bookseller with a Poet", "Prophet", "Poet", "Poet and the Crowd", "To the Poet", "Echo", "Monument" - these are Pushkin's most important poems on this topic. Who is a poet? What is his place in society? What should be his work? How should he relate to the world around him? Let's see what answers Alexander Sergeevich gives to these difficult questions. Considering this theme in Pushkin's lyrics, it seems to me that first of all we need to turn to his masterpiece "The Prophet". This poem, written in 1826, tells the reader about the spiritual qualities and purpose of the poet. The title and content of the work tell us about Pushkin's use of the biblical legend about the prophet Isaiah, who is in despair, seeing the depravity of people, and feels defiled. The hero of the poem is in a dejected state, he is tormented by “spiritual thirst”, and then the messenger of God, the six-winged seraphim, appears to him. And further: He touched my ears, - And they were filled with noise and ringing: And I heard the shudder of the sky, And the flight of the heavenly angels, And the reptile of the sea underwater passage, And the distant vegetation of the vine Now the poet is gifted with a subtle sense of perception of life, he is delivered from doubts and fear, but this is not enough: And he cut my chest with a sword, And took out my trembling heart, And coal, blazing with fire, Inserted a hole into my chest So, according to Pushkin, a poet should strive for knowledge and moral purity, he must have a genius insight, the ability to see and understand what is often inaccessible to ordinary people, and most importantly, the gift of speech, a soul capable of deeply feeling and experiencing. , elevate him above people, and on the other hand, they assign a difficult task to him. His mission is to "burn people's hearts with a verb", that is, to bring people the truth, fight evil, promote the progress of life, awaken the best that is in a person's soul. The poem "Echo" is also important to consider for a clearer understanding of Pushkin's thoughts about the poet. Written in 1831, it reflects the mood of the poet at the moment of the greatest aggravation of his relations with the noble society. The poet feels alone among empty people busy chasing petty goals. Secular society did not understand and did not appreciate the creative activity of the poet, was alien and hostile to him. The whole poem is like one big comparison: the poet is like an echo. As the echo responds to all the sounds of the world, so the poet reflects in his work all the phenomena of the life around him. But, like an echo, the poet does not find a response to his calls. On August 21, 1836, Pushkin wrote the poem "Monument". This work is, as it were, a poetic expression of many years of reflection brilliant poet over questions about the purpose of art, about the essential aspects of his work, about his services to the Motherland and people. He says that "the people's path will not overgrow" to his "non-hand-made monument", that is, the people will turn to his works as an inexhaustible source of ideological, moral and artistic values. great poet considers that his responsible mission is fulfilled: And for a long time I will be so kind to the people, That I awakened good feelings with my lyre? That in my cruel age I glorified freedom And called for mercy for the fallen. The poet addressed all the peoples of his homeland as equal members of one family ("and every language that exists in it will call me. And the proud grandson of the Slavs, and the Finn, and now the wild Tungus, and the Kalmyk friend of the steppes"). The poet's monument was raised above the "rebellious head" above the Alexandrian pillar. Pushkin had the right to talk about it. No persecution of the government and its servants broke the freedom-loving views. In ideological and artistic terms, Pushkin's "Monument" stands immeasurably higher than poems on the same theme created by the poet's predecessors (Horace, Lomonosov, Derzhavin). How much more significant in the socio-political sense are the merits of the Poet (with a capital letter of the Poet!) to the people, noted by him in his "Monument": the struggle for freedom, the protection of the oppressed ("fallen"), the education of "good feelings". So, firmness, decisiveness, exactingness, contempt for the "court of a fool", for awards and honors - these are the qualities that Pushkin considers obligatory for all poets. The poet hears the whole world and should be deaf only to the opinion of the "uninitiated". It is loyalty to these principles that leads him to immortality. The poem "Monument" is a testament to Russian poetry: By the command of God, oh muse, be obedient, Do not be afraid of resentment, not demanding a crown; Praise and slander were accepted with indifference And do not dispute a fool.