Every day we are among people, we perform some actions in accordance with this or that situation. We have to communicate with each other, using generally accepted norms. Together, all of this is our behavior. Let's try to go deeper

Behavior as a moral category

Behavior is a complex of human actions that an individual performs over a long period of time under given conditions. These are all actions, not individual ones. Whether actions are performed consciously or unintentionally, they are subject to moral evaluation. It is worth noting that behavior can reflect both the actions of one person and the whole team. At the same time, both personal characteristics of character and specificity have an influence. interpersonal relationships. By his behavior, a person reflects his attitude to society, to specific people to the objects around him.

The concept of a line of conduct

The concept of behavior includes the definition of a line of behavior, which implies the presence of a certain system and consistency in the repetitive actions of an individual or the characteristics of the actions of a group of people over a long period of time. Behavior is perhaps the only indicator that objectively characterizes the moral qualities and driving motives of a person.

The concept of rules of conduct, etiquette

Etiquette is a set of norms and rules that regulate the relationship of a person with others. It is an integral part of social culture (culture of behavior). It is expressed in a complex system of relationships between people. This includes concepts such as:

• polite, courteous and patronizing treatment of the fair sex;
• a sense of respect and manifestation of deep respect for the older generation;
• correct forms of everyday communication with others;
• norms and rules of dialogue;
• being at the dinner table;
• treatment of guests;
• compliance with the requirements for human clothing (dress code).

All these laws of decency embody the general idea of ​​human dignity, the simple requirements of convenience and ease in human relationships. In general, they coincide with the general requirements of courtesy. However, there are also strictly ethical standards, which have an invariable character.

• Respectful treatment of students and teachers.
  • Observance of subordination in relation to subordinates to their leadership.
  • Standards of conduct in public places, during seminars and conferences.

Psychology as a science of behavior

Psychology is a science that studies the characteristics of human behavior and motives. This area of ​​knowledge studies how mental and behavioral processes proceed, specific personality traits, mechanisms that exist in the human mind and explain the deep subjective reasons for one or another of his actions. It also considers the distinctive features of a person's character, taking into account those significant factors that determine them (stereotypes, habits, inclinations, feelings, needs), which may be partly innate, and partly acquired, brought up in appropriate social conditions. Thus, the science of psychology helps us understand, as it reveals its mental nature and the moral conditions of its formation.

Behavior as a reflection of human actions

Depending on the nature of a person's actions, various ones can be defined.

• A person by his actions may try to attract the attention of others. Such behavior is called demonstrative.
• If a person assumes any obligations and fulfills them in good faith, then his behavior is called responsible.
• Behavior that determines the actions of a person aimed at the benefit of others, and for which he does not require any reward, is called helping.
• There is also internal behavior, which is characterized by the fact that a person decides for himself what to believe in, what to value.

There are others that are more complex.

• Deviant behavior. It represents a negative deviation from the norms and patterns of behavior. As a rule, it entails the application of various types of punishment to the offender.
• If a person demonstrates complete indifference to the environment, unwillingness to make decisions independently, mindlessly follows others in his actions, then his behavior is considered conformal.

Behavior characteristic

The behavior of an individual can be characterized by various categories.

• Innate behavior - as a rule, these are instincts.
• Acquired behavior is the actions performed by a person in accordance with his upbringing.
• Intentional behavior - actions carried out by a person consciously.
• Unintentional behavior is actions that occur spontaneously.
• Behavior can also be conscious or unconscious.

Code of Conduct

Close attention is paid to the norms of human behavior in society. A norm is a primitive form of requirement regarding morality. On the one hand, it is a form of relationship, and on the other hand, it is a specific form of consciousness and thinking of an individual. The norm of behavior is constantly reproducible actions of the same type of many people, obligatory for each person individually. Society needs people to act according to a certain scenario in given situations, which is designed to maintain social balance. The binding force of the norms of behavior for each individual is based on examples from society, mentors and the immediate environment. In addition, habit plays an important role, as well as collective or individual coercion. At the same time, the norms of behavior should proceed from general, abstract ideas about morality and ethics (the definition of good, evil, and so on). One of the tasks of the correct education of a person in society is to ensure that the simplest norms of behavior become an internal need of a person, acquire the form of a habit and be carried out without external and internal coercion.

Raising the next generation

One of the most crucial moments in the upbringing of the younger generation are. The purpose of such conversations should be to expand the knowledge of schoolchildren about the culture of behavior, explain to them the moral meaning of this concept, as well as educate them in the skills of correct behavior in society. First of all, the teacher should explain to the students that it is inextricably linked with the people around them, that it depends on how the teenager behaves, how easy and pleasant it will be for these people to live next to him. Teachers should also bring up positive character traits in children using the examples of books by various writers and poets. Students should also be taught the following rules:

• how to behave at school;
• how to behave on the street;
• how to behave in a company;
• how to behave in public transport;
• how to behave when visiting.

It is important to pay special attention, especially in high school, to such an issue, both in the society of classmates, as well as in the society of guys outside of school.

Public opinion as a reaction to human behavior

Public opinion is a mechanism by which society regulates the behavior of each particular individual. Any form of social discipline falls under this category, including traditions and customs, because for a society it is something like a legislative norm of behavior that the vast majority of people follow. Moreover, such traditions form public opinion, which acts as a powerful mechanism for regulating behavior and human relationships in different areas life. From an ethical point of view, the determining moment in regulating the behavior of an individual is not his personal discretion, but public opinion, which is based on certain generally recognized moral principles and criteria. It must be admitted that an individual has the right to independently decide how to behave in a given situation, despite the fact that the norms adopted in society, as well as collective opinion, have a tremendous influence on the formation of self-consciousness. Under the influence of approval or censure, the character of a person can change dramatically.

Assessment of human behavior

Considering the question, one should not forget about such a concept as an assessment of the behavior of an individual. This assessment consists in the approval or condemnation by society of a particular act, as well as the behavior of the individual as a whole. People can express their positive or negative attitude towards the subject being evaluated in the form of praise or blame, agreement or criticism, manifestations of sympathy or dislike, that is, through various external actions and emotions. Unlike requirements expressed in the form of norms, which in the form of general rules prescribe how a person should act in a given situation, assessment compares these requirements with those specific phenomena and events that already take place in reality, establishing their compliance or non-compliance. existing codes of conduct.

golden rule of conduct

In addition to what we all know is generally accepted, there is Golden Rule. It originated in ancient times, when the first essential requirements for human morality were formed. Its essence is to treat others in the way you would like to see this attitude towards yourself. Similar ideas were found in such ancient works as the teachings of Confucius, the Bible, Homer's Iliad, and so on. It is worth noting that this is one of the few beliefs that has survived to our time in almost unchanged form and has not lost its relevance. The positive moral significance of the golden rule is determined by the fact that it practically orients the individual towards the development of an important element in the mechanism of moral behavior - the ability to put oneself in the place of others and emotionally experience their condition. In modern morality, the golden rule of behavior is an elementary universal prerequisite for relationships between people, expressing a successive connection with the moral experience of the past.

etiquette, norms of behavior, interaction of people, competent socio-cultural space

One of the basic principles of life in a modern secular society is the maintenance of normal relations between people and the desire to avoid conflicts. In turn, respect and attention can be earned only with respect for courtesy and restraint. But in life you often have to deal with rudeness, harshness, disrespect for another person. The reason for this is that very often the basics of etiquette culture are ignored, which is part of the general secular culture, the foundations of which are attention and respect for others.

Article text:

A person throughout his life is in the socio-cultural space, where the rules of behavior play one of the main roles. These rules are called etiquette.

Etiquette (French - etiquette) is a set of rules of conduct adopted in society, establishing the order of secular behavior, which enables people to effortlessly use ready-made forms of decent behavior and generally accepted politeness for cultural communication among themselves at various levels of the structure of society, in light, while in the process of communication it is worthy to take into account the interests of others in their behavior.

The very word etiquette has been used since Louis XIV, at the receptions of which guests were given cards listing the rules of conduct required of them. These cards are "labels" and gave the name to etiquette. In French this word has two meanings: a label and a set of rules, a conditional order of behavior.

Understanding etiquette as a system of established mutual expectations, approved “models” and rules of secular communication between people, it should be recognized, however, that the real norms of behavior and ideas about “what should be done” change significantly over time. What was previously considered indecent may become generally accepted, and vice versa. Behavior that is unacceptable in one place and under one circumstance may be appropriate in another place and under other circumstances.

Of course, various peoples make their own amendments and additions to etiquette, due to the specifics historical development of their culture. Therefore, etiquette also reflects a specific system of national signs-symbols of communication, positive traditions, customs, rituals, rituals that correspond to the historically determined conditions of life and the moral and aesthetic needs of people.

Consideration of all aspects of etiquette is not possible, since etiquette passes through all areas of a person's public and private life. In turn, we will focus on its most important norms such as tact, politeness, and sensitivity. Let's touch on such a thing as "inequality". Let's analyze the levels of behavior, the internal and external culture of a person. Let's highlight the rules of telephone communication. The last position was not chosen by chance, since the phone occupies this moment leading place in communication, sometimes replacing interpersonal, and sometimes even intergroup communication.

One of the basic principles of life in a modern secular society is the maintenance of normal relations between people and the desire to avoid conflicts. In turn, respect and attention can be earned only with respect for courtesy and restraint. But in life you often have to deal with rudeness, harshness, disrespect for another person. The reason for this is that very often the basics of etiquette culture are ignored, which is part of the general secular culture, the foundations of which are attention and respect for others.

In this regard, one of the most necessary norms and foundations of etiquette is politeness, which is manifested in many specific rules of behavior: in greeting, in addressing a person, in the ability to remember his name and patronymic, important dates his life. True politeness is certainly benevolent, since it is one of the manifestations of sincere, disinterested benevolence towards people with whom one has to communicate.

Other important human qualities on which the rules of etiquette are based are tact and sensitivity. They imply attention, deep respect for those with whom we communicate, the desire and ability to understand them, to feel what can give them pleasure, joy, or, conversely, cause irritation, annoyance, resentment. Tact, sensitivity are manifested in a sense of proportion, which should be observed in conversation, in personal and official relations, in the ability to feel the boundary beyond which words and deeds can cause undeserved resentment, grief, pain in a person.

In addition to the basic principles of etiquette: politeness, tact, modesty, there are also general rules secular behaviour. These include, for example, the "inequality" of people in the field of etiquette, expressed, in particular, in the form of advantages that have:

• women before men
• older before younger
• the sick before the healthy,
• superior to subordinates.

The norms of etiquette - unlike the norms of morality - are conditional, they are in the nature of an unwritten agreement about what is generally accepted in people's behavior and what is not. The convention of etiquette in each case can be explained. Aimed at uniting people, it offers generally accepted forms, stereotypes of behavior, symbols of the manifestation of thoughts and feelings, which make it easier for people to understand each other.

At the same time, etiquette can also be considered as an aesthetic form of manifestation of moral, secular culture, since it is simultaneously directly related to morality, to the moral character of a person and to the aesthetic aspects of his behavior. Beautiful manners, beautiful behavior, beautiful gestures, postures, facial expressions, smile, look, i.e. what speaks about a person, his feelings and thoughts without words; speech addressed to elders, peers, younger at a meeting and parting, in anger and joy; the manner of moving, eating, wearing clothes and jewelry, celebrating sad and joyful events, receiving guests - a person should give all these types of communication not only a moral, but also an aesthetic character.

In any case, etiquette is an integral fragment of the structure of the socio-cultural matrix and is a significant part of modern secular behavior, although, of course, not all human behavior in general. In fact, it implies only the generally accepted rules and manners of human behavior in society in the places determined for this, where one can observe the external side of the actions of individuals, in which they manifest themselves like a kind of pre-learned game of the intellect.

Based on current lifestyle modern man, his public relations and activities, it is easy to list all those conventions of secular behavior that are initially associated with generally recognized etiquette and determine its corresponding ethical and aesthetic norms. All of them should be studied and repeated, be well known to all citizens of the country. These norms apply to almost all aspects of life and life, as well as areas of human social activity, causing his behavior in the family, at a party, at school, at work, and in public places, on the roads, when he is a pedestrian and when he is a driver, in hotels, in the parks, on the beach, on the plane, at the airport, in public toilet, etc. etc.

At the same time, it should be borne in mind that in most public places, citizens need only a simple knowledge of good manners and the ability to behave with restraint, culture and politeness, without attracting attention from other people and thereby not preventing them from being in your society.

At the same time, there are also such public places where knowledge of etiquette alone is not enough for citizens. Other basic fragments of the sociocultural matrix considered above (ethical, aesthetic, civic, value, environmental, etc.) should be used to some extent, as well as the ability to feel the system of balance of interests and, above all, to have the ability to take into account the interests of others. put them above your own.

For this, more serious norms and laws of conduct are applied, arising from the rights, duties and interests of citizens, civil servants, and entrepreneurs. Without knowledge of the relevant fragments of the socio-cultural matrix, individuals cannot be named, certified by status or admitted to the corresponding cells of social activity or government positions. And the higher the social place of an individual's activity in the structure of social relations, the greater the requirements, in addition to knowledge of etiquette, should be imposed on his behavior, the more his behavior should be determined by the duties of this individual to other members of society, society in understanding their specific interests, the interests of society as a whole. - national interests.

Based on this, it can be argued that the culture of human behavior consists of two parts: internal and external.

Internal culture is the knowledge, skills, feelings and abilities that underlie the fundamental fragments of the individual socio-cultural matrix of a person, acquired through his upbringing, education, development of consciousness and intellect, professional training, the signs of good results of which should be his virtue, knowledge of the interests of others, diligence and high morals.

External culture is a lifestyle and manners of behavior that are manifested in everyday life and in social activities during direct contacts, communication with other people, with objects. environment. External culture, as a rule, is a direct product of a person's internal culture, is closely related to it, although there are some nuances.

So, individual manifestations of external culture may not reflect the internal culture of the individual or even contradict it. This happens in cases of painful manifestations of the psyche, as well as in cases of behavioral "mimicry", when an ill-mannered individual tries to impersonate a well-bred one. However, with a longer observation of it, these contradictions are easily detected. Therefore, a truly cultured and efficient person can be such only thanks to his diligent upbringing. And, on the contrary, the outward manifestations of an individual's bad manners testify to his inner emptiness, which means immorality, the complete absence of an elementary inner culture.

External culture is not always completely dependent on the internal one and sometimes for some time can hide the lack of the latter. A good knowledge of the rules of etiquette and their observance can mitigate the lack of a high internal culture, developed consciousness and intelligence, although not for long.

External culture is called differently: a culture of behavior, etiquette, good manners, good manners, good manners, culture ... This suggests that, depending on specific task people focus on one side of the external culture: most often either on knowledge of the rules of behavior and their observance, or on the degree of taste, tact, skill in mastering the external culture.

External culture consists of two "parts": that which comes from the elements of social socio-cultural matrices ( different instructions, statutes, generally accepted rules, decency, etiquette) and what comes from the upbringing and enlightenment of a secular person (manners, delicacy, tact, taste, sense of humor, conscientiousness, etc.).

There are rules of conduct of different levels and content:
1) the level of universal rules adopted in modern secular society, incl. among well-bred people - the intelligentsia;
2) the level of national regulations or regulations adopted in a given country;
3) the level of rules adopted in a given locality (in a village, city, region);
4) the level of rules adopted in a particular non-secular social stratum (among the inhabitants, among adherents of a particular religious denomination or sect, among corrupt high-ranking officials, in the beau monde, among oligarchs and other individuals with ultra-high incomes, etc. .).
5) the level of secular rules adopted in a particular professional community or public organization ( medical workers, lawyers, police officers, military, among actors, civil servants, members of a particular party ...)
6) the level of secular rules adopted in a particular institution (educational, medical, state, commercial ...)

Speaking of external manifestations ethical or aesthetic fragments of the sociocultural matrix of individuals, it should be noted that here, too, one can observe a wide variety of types of behavior: both delicacy and rudeness, and good and bad manners, and good and bad taste.

In situations where a person does not know certain rules of conduct adopted in a given society, but he has certain skills of upbringing and knowledge of the basics of etiquette, he can to some extent compensate for his ignorance with flair, intuition, based on innate or acquired delicacy, tact, taste.

There are very complex relationships between rules and internal regulators of behavior. They are opposite - internal and external, typical and individual, although at the same time they can "work" in one direction. Normal relationships between people are generally a delicate matter that is easily torn if people treat each other rudely, especially now in the age of constant stress and increased mental stress.

The ability to listen to the interlocutor is an indispensable requirement speech etiquette. This, of course, does not mean that one should sit silently. But it's tactless to interrupt another. When talking together, you also need to be able to listen, It happens that you have to be silent when you feel that your words can inflame passions. Do not start a heated argument in defense of your opinion. Such disputes spoil the mood of those present.

If a person wants to improve, to be better, to be worthy of love, kindness, wants to be respected, then he must take care of himself, his words-actions, cleanse himself, not give himself rest in this. After all, it is known that good breeding is an outward expression of the inner delicacy of the soul, which consists in general benevolence and attention to all people.

Politeness does not necessarily mean really respectful treatment of a person, just as rudeness does not necessarily mean really disrespectful treatment of a person. A person can be rude due to the fact that he rotated in a rough environment, did not see other patterns of behavior.

Thus, politeness is a moral quality that characterizes the behavior of a person for whom respect for people has become a daily norm of behavior and a habitual way of dealing with others.

An important aspect of etiquette is the concept of good manners, which requires study and exercise; it must, so to speak, become second nature to us. True, much that is called good tone and refined taste is an inborn delicacy, and therefore it is true that a person can assimilate everything and learn everything, but not delicacy. But delicacy is not everything, and natural taste needs to be improved. Good examples and personal efforts contribute to this.

In addition, in etiquette there is such a thing as decency. This is the least conspicuous of all the concepts of etiquette, but the most revered.

So, only the one who embarrasses the least number of people has good manners. After all, each person, as a rule, lives in society, i.e. among other people. Therefore, his every act, every desire, every statement is reflected in these people. For this reason, there must be a boundary between what he wants to say or do, and what is possible, what will be pleasant or unpleasant to others. In this regard, he needs to make a self-assessment every time, whether any of his statements or actions will cause harm, cause inconvenience or trouble. Every time he must act in such a way that the people around him feel good.

To the basics of etiquette, known to everyone since childhood, there are three magic words: please, thank you, sorry (sorry).

Every request must be accompanied by the word "please".

For any service or help, you need to thank, say “thank you”.

For any trouble caused to another, you need to apologize or ask for forgiveness.

These magic words need to be learned to speak without thinking, automatically. The absence of these words in appropriate situations or their non-automatic, unnatural use means either impoliteness, rudeness, or a declaration of hostility.

There are no “little things” in etiquette, more precisely, it all consists of “little things” strung on a single rod of politeness, attention to people. Etiquette begins with a certain order and rules of greetings, addresses, introductions and acquaintances.

Given the "inequality" in etiquette, it should be borne in mind that the young are obliged to be the first to greet the elders, those who enter are present, those who are late are waiting, etc. At official receptions, first of all, the hostess and the owner are greeted, after them the ladies, first the older ones, then the young ones, then the older and older men, and then the rest of the guests. The mistress of the house must shake hands with all invited guests.

It should be remembered that the handshake accepted in our country and in the West at a meeting and when introducing a man and a woman in Muslim countries is completely inappropriate: Islam does not accept even a simple contact between people of different sexes who are not related by blood ties. It is not customary to shake hands among the peoples of Southeast Asia.

Of great importance when greetings is the manner of holding. You should look directly at the person you greet with a smile. When addressing a stranger, unfamiliar person or official, you should always say “you”. The form of address "you" expresses a closer relationship with a person. When referring to "you", many formalities that testify to an external, detached form of politeness disappear.

No less complex are the etiquette rules of dating. The first step to establishing an acquaintance is introduction. When introducing themselves or introducing someone, they usually call the surname, first name, patronymic, sometimes - the position or title. If you are visiting an institution or official on official or personal business, then before starting a business conversation, you should introduce yourself and, if available, give your “visiting card”. Representation is also necessary if you are addressing a stranger by what or question.

Ethics is an integral attribute of modern etiquette. telephone conversations. Its most important points include the following:
1) You should always introduce yourself when you call if you are not familiar or unfamiliar with the addressee or if you rarely call this addressee. It should also be taken into account that telephone communication can be poor, i.e. your voice is barely audible or distorted, and therefore even a good friend may not immediately figure out who he is talking to.
2) It is almost always necessary to ask whether a person is busy or not and how much time he has for a telephone conversation. Unceremonious is the behavior of the caller, who immediately, without the necessary clarification of the boundaries of the conversation, begins to conduct this conversation.
3) If you get a call, and you are very busy and cannot talk, then, as a rule, the burden of a second call is not on the one who called, but on you. There can be two exceptions here:
- if the caller does not have a phone;
- if for some reason it is difficult to call the person who called you. It is impolite to force the caller to call you back because you are busy. When you do this, you unwittingly make it clear that you value-respect him less than yourself.
4) When they call on the phone and ask not you, but another person, it is impolite to ask “who is this?” or "who's talking?" First, it is indecent to answer a question with a question. Secondly, with your question, you can put the person who asks in an uncomfortable position. The questioner is not always disposed to introduce himself to an outsider who picks up the phone. His right is to remain incognito to strangers. Asking "Who's talking?" voluntarily or involuntarily "climbs into the soul" of the caller. On the other hand, asking "who is speaking?" voluntarily or involuntarily, "penetrates into the soul" and the one who is directly called, since the addressee may also want to keep the secret of his relationship with the caller. (This is what parents sometimes do in their desire to control every step of their adult children, which limits their right to privacy. Excessive control and excessive guardianship on the part of parents leads to the fact that adult children either remain infantile, dependent or alienated from their parents.) in the absence of the addressee, you need to ask not “who is speaking?”, but “what to send to the addressee?”
5) B telephone conversation business or telegraphic style should prevail, with rare exceptions. Talking around and around is inappropriate. It is necessary, if possible, to immediately formulate the questions for which you are calling, and do not be shy to ask the same interlocutor if he is “carried away” by a conversation on extraneous topics. You need to ask the interlocutor to move to the subject of a telephone conversation tactfully, without rude interruption of his speech. In principle, non-business conversations on the phone are also acceptable, but only after it turns out that both parties have the desire and time to conduct such conversations.
6) Keep in mind that telephone communication not as complete as face-to-face communication. Therefore, the requirements for the conversation as a whole are more stringent, i.e. you need to be more careful and prudent. A word spoken on the phone and a word spoken face to face can be evaluated in different and even opposite ways.

In a telephone conversation, you need to speak less emotionally, joke more carefully, try to avoid harsh words and expressions.

Two more concepts of etiquette that should be noted are commitment and accuracy. An optional person is very inconvenient for others, although he can be nice, courteous, etc. Such a person cannot be relied upon, cannot be counted on. Let him not be offended if they cease to respect him and avoid communication with him. “Accuracy is the courtesy of kings,” says the saying. He is not a king who is not obligatory, who behaves carelessly in relation to his own obligation.

Etiquette - the rules of behavior of people in society, which determine what can and cannot be done in certain situations. Knowledge of etiquette helps to make a good impression on people and build effective communication. This knowledge is especially useful when attending ceremonial events.

Many of us, getting into an expensive restaurant or attending an important business meeting feel uncomfortable. This is due to the fact that we do not know exactly how to behave correctly. Basic rules of etiquette will allow you not to fall face down in the dirt in any situation.

Rules of conduct in society

1. Never visit without calling. And if you are visited without warning, you can afford to be in a dressing gown and curlers.
   
   
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2. If you accepted the invitation, be punctual - you should not say the famous: "I may be a little late." Come on time. Only a very important person or a star can be late for more than half an hour: they, as you know, are not late, but delayed.
   
   
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3. It is always better to come to visit or to a party with a gift. It doesn't have to be expensive. Win-win options are wine and desserts. If there are small children in the house, bring something for them too.
   
   
4. The format of greetings at the entrance - kisses, hugs, handshakes or other signs of respect - is determined by older guests. Whoever you are - a director, an academician, an elderly woman or a student, when entering the room, say hello first.
   
   
5. The usual rules apply at the table. Eat at the same pace as everyone else.
   
   
6. Certain uncomfortable topics of conversation are best avoided. It is believed that it is impossible to talk about salary, politics, health, religion. Good topics for casual conversation: sports, weather, cooking, pets, art, science, travel, and the like.
   
   
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7. Place a napkin on your knees while eating, and then to the left of the plate. In turn, leave the cutlery on the plate, and not on the table.
   
   
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8. Do not put your smartphone on the table in public places. By doing this, you show how important this gadget is in your life and how uninterested you are in the conversation taking place nearby. It is better not to use the phone at all during dinner.
   
   

Always turn on silent mode or turn off your phone at the theater, library, cinema, lectures. If you need to make or receive a call, move two or three meters to the side so as not to interfere with the conversation of friends.



9. When receiving guests, make sure that the size of the table matches the number of visitors. The tablecloth must be impeccable.
10. Dishes must be from the same set. It is worth picking up all the plates and other items according to the material and colors.
    
    
11. If the menu has 2 types of dishes and 2 fundamentally different wines, put an extra glass for each guest. Don't forget about water glasses.
    
    
12. If someone came to you for the first time, first show the guest where you can wash your hands and clean yourself up, and then invite them into the living room.
    
    
13. If there are strangers among the guests, they should definitely be introduced to each other. When meeting, they introduce: a man - a woman, younger in age and position - older, who came later - already present. In this case, the person to whom you introduce the stranger is mentioned first, and the one you represent is the second.
    
    
14. The fair sex is not recommended to check or apply makeup during a conversation or at the table, and men are not recommended to comb their hair, touch their hair or beard.
15. Don't forget to give thanks! Say thanks to the owner and, if possible, to the others with whom you spoke, for an interesting conversation. The host should thank all the guests, mentioning that it was their arrival that made this event special.
    
    

Nothing costs us so cheaply and is valued so dearly as politeness. Rules of etiquette quite simple and based on common sense. You show courtesy to another person, he shows it to you. That way everyone wins.

In the course of their life, people constantly interact with each other. The diverse forms of interaction between individuals, as well as the connections that arise between different social groups(or within them), it is customary to call generalrelations. A significant part of social relations is characterized by conflicting interests of their participants. The result of such contradictions are emerging between the members of society social conflicts. One of the ways to harmonize the interests of people and smooth out the conflicts that arise between them and their associations is normative regulation, i.e. regulation of the behavior of individuals with the help of certain norms.

The word "norm" comes from lat. norma, which means "rule, pattern, standard". The norm indicates the boundaries within which an object retains its essence, remains itself. Norms can be different - natural, technical, social. Actions, deeds of people and social groups that are subjects of social relations, regulate social norms.

Social norms are understood as general rules and patterns, the behavior of people in society, due to social relations and resulting from the conscious activity of people. Social norms are formed historically, naturally. In the process of its formation, refracting through public consciousness, they are then fixed and reproduced in the relations and acts necessary for society. To some extent, social norms are binding on those to whom they are addressed, they have a certain procedural form of implementation and mechanisms for their implementation.

Exist various classifications social norms. The most important is the division of social norms depending on the characteristics of their emergence and implementation. On this basis, five varieties of social norms are distinguished: moral norms, customary norms, corporate norms, religious norms and legal norms.

Moral norms are rules of conduct that are derived from people's ideas about good and evil, about justice and injustice, about good and bad. The implementation of these norms is ensured by public opinion and the internal conviction of people.

The norms of customs are the rules of behavior that have become a habit as a result of their repeated repetition. The implementation of customary norms is ensured by the force of habit. The customs of moral content are called mores.

A variety of customs are traditions that express the desire of people to preserve certain ideas, values, useful forms of behavior. Another kind of customs are rituals that regulate the behavior of people in everyday, family and religious spheres.

Corporate norms are the rules of conduct established by public organizations. Their implementation is ensured by the internal conviction of the members of these organizations, as well as by the public associations themselves.

Religious norms are understood as the rules of conduct contained in various sacred books or established by the church. The implementation of this type of social norms is provided by the internal beliefs of people and the activities of the church.

Legal norms are rules of conduct established or sanctioned by the state, while church norms are laws established or sanctioned by the state, and sometimes directly by the people, the implementation of which is ensured by the authority and coercive power of the state.

Different types of social norms did not appear simultaneously, but one after another, as needed.

With the development of society, they became more and more complicated.

Scientists suggest that the first type of social norms that arose in primitive society were rituals. A ritual is a rule of conduct in which the most important thing is a strictly predetermined form of its execution. The content of the ritual itself is not so important - it is its form that matters most. Rituals accompanied many events in the life of primitive people. We know about the existence of rituals of seeing off fellow tribesmen for hunting, taking office as a leader, presenting gifts to leaders, etc. Somewhat later, rituals began to be distinguished in ritual actions. Rites were rules of conduct, consisting in the performance of certain symbolic actions. Unlike rituals, they pursued certain ideological (educational) goals and had a deeper impact on the human psyche.

The next social norms in time, which were an indicator of a new, higher stage in the development of mankind, were customs. Customs regulated almost all aspects of the life of primitive society.

Another type of social norms that arose in the era of primitiveness were religious norms. Primitive, who was aware of his weakness before the forces of nature, attributed to the latter divine power. Initially, the object of religious admiration was a real-life object - a fetish. Then a person began to worship any animal or plant - a totem, seeing in the latter his ancestor and protector. Then totemism was replaced by animism (from the Latin "anima" - soul), i.e., belief in spirits, the soul, or the universal spirituality of nature. Many scientists believe that it was animism that became the basis for the emergence of modern religions: over time, among supernatural beings people singled out a few special ones - gods. So the first polytheistic (pagan), and then monotheistic religions appeared.

In parallel with the emergence of norms of customs and religion, moral norms were also formed in primitive society. It is impossible to determine the time of their occurrence. We can only say that morality appears along with human society and is one of the most important social regulators.

During the emergence of the state, the first rules of law appear.

Finally, corporate norms emerge most recently.

All social norms are common features. They are rules of conduct of a general nature, that is, they are designed for repeated use, and operate continuously in time in relation to a personally indefinite circle of persons. In addition, social norms are characterized by such features as procedural and sanctioned. The procedural nature of social norms means the presence of a detailed regulated order (procedure) for their implementation. Sanctioning reflects the fact that each of the types of social norms has a certain mechanism for the implementation of their prescriptions.

Social norms define the boundaries of acceptable behavior of people in relation to the specific conditions of their life. As already mentioned above, compliance with these norms is usually ensured by the internal beliefs of people or by applying social rewards and social punishments to them in the form of so-called social sanctions.

Social sanction is usually understood as the reaction of society or a social group to the behavior of an individual in a socially significant situation. According to their content, sanctions can be positive (encouraging) and negative (punishing). There are also formal sanctions (coming from official organizations) and informal (coming from informal organizations). Social sanctions perform a key role in the system of social control, rewarding members of society for the implementation of social norms or punishing for deviation from the latter, i.e. for deviance.

Deviant (deviant) is such behavior that does not meet the requirements of social norms. Sometimes such deviations can be positive and lead to positive consequences. Thus, the well-known sociologist E. Durkheim believed that deviation helps society gain a more complete picture of the diversity of social norms, leads to their improvement, contributes to social change, revealing alternatives to already existing norms. However, in most cases, deviant behavior is spoken of as a negative social phenomenon that is harmful to society. Moreover, in a narrow sense, deviant behavior means such deviations that do not entail criminal punishment, are not crimes. The totality of the criminal actions of an individual has a special name in sociology - delinquent (literally - criminal) behavior.

Based on the goals and direction of deviant behavior, its destructive and asocial types are distinguished. The first type includes deviations that harm the individual himself (alcoholism, suicide, drug addiction, etc.), the second - behavior that is harmful to people's communities (violation of the rules of behavior in public places, violation of labor discipline etc.).

Investigating the causes of deviant behavior, sociologists drew attention to the fact that both deviant and delinquent behavior are widespread in societies undergoing a transformation of the social system. Moreover, in the conditions of the general crisis of society, such behavior can acquire a total character.

The opposite of deviant behavior is conformist behavior (from Latin conformis - similar, similar). Called conformist social behavior corresponding to the norms and values ​​accepted in the society. Ultimately, the main task of normative regulation and social control is the reproduction in society of precisely the conformist type of behavior.

Student Code of Conduct

student behavior in

Municipal budgetary educational institution of the municipality of the city of Nyagan

"General education high school No. 3".

The purposes of these Rules are to create a favorable environment for learning, safe conditions stay at school and on its territory, education of respect for human personality, development of skills of cultural behavior in society.

School students behave honestly and with dignity, observe the norms of morality and ethics in relations with each other and with their elders.

Show respect for elders

help the younger ones when they need help;

handle school property, as well as your own and other people's belongings with care;

Comply with the requirements of teachers and other employees.

Students turn to teachers by name, patronymic and “You”, to unfamiliar adults - also to “You”.

Students must give way to adults; older students - skip forward younger students, boys - girls.

To clarify the attitude, students never use physical force and do not use rude expressions. The use of physical force offends the dignity of a person and is strictly prohibited at school.

leave the school and its territory during classes without the permission of the teacher or school leaders;

arbitrarily leave sports, cultural and extracurricular activities;

bring and use weapons, explosives and flammable substances, flammable liquids, pyrotechnic products at school and on its territory; gas cartridges, cigarettes, alcoholic beverages, drugs, intoxicants, as well as poisonous and toxic substances;

use during training sessions mobile phone.

climb on window sills, cabinets, room equipment, buildings;

ride on the railing, sit on the railing, push other students;

open and enter the school premises that are not intended for people to stay there;

open electrical cabinets;

Use sports and play structures in the school grounds that are not in accordance with their purpose.

2. Before school starts

Students come to school no later than 10 minutes before the start of classes, in clean clothes and in a neat appearance. Primary school students come to school no later than 10 minutes before the start of classes.

After entering the school, students take off their outerwear and shoes in the cloakroom, put on change of shoes, put their clothes and hair in order, take their place in the classroom and prepare books, notebooks, pens and other accessories needed for the lesson for the lesson.

When the teacher enters the classroom, the students stand up. They sit down after the greeting and permission of the teacher. Students also greet any adult who enters the classroom during class. When a teacher or another adult leaves the classroom, students also stand up.

During the lesson, the teacher sets the rules of conduct in the lesson.

During the lesson, you cannot be distracted yourself, distract your comrades from talking, playing games and other things that are not related to the lesson.

If the student wants to say something, ask, ask the teacher a question or answer a question, he raises his hand and speaks only after the permission of the teacher.

The call (signal) about the end of the lesson is given to the teacher. He defines exact time the end of the lesson and announces the end of the lesson to the students.

If a student misses classes at school, then he must present a medical certificate or a note from the parents to the class teacher. It is not allowed to miss or be late for lessons and classes in the extended day group without good reason.

4. During breaks and after class

During breaks (changes), students are required to:

tidy up your workplace;

to leave the class;

Obey the requirements of on-duty teachers and school staff.

During recess, it is prohibited:

run up stairs window openings, glass showcases and in other places not adapted for games;

push each other, throw objects and use physical force;

Use obscene expressions and gestures, make noise, interfere with others, relax.

While in the cafeteria, students:

I show attention and caution when receiving and eating hot and liquid dishes;

consume food and drinks purchased in the dining room;

obey the requirements of teachers, as well as employees of the canteen;

keep a queue when getting food;

Clearing the table after eating.

5. Behavior on school grounds

The territory of the school is part of the school (school site). At the school site, students are required to:

be within its borders;

· comply with the general rules of conduct set forth in Section 1 and the rules of conduct at breaks set forth in clause 4.2. of these Rules.

6. Final provisions

6.1. For violation of these Rules and the charter of the school, disciplinary and educational measures are applied to students, provided for by the charter of the school and the Rules on incentives and penalties. For rough and repeated violations the requirements of the school charter and the prohibitions of these Rules, the student may be expelled from the school.

6.2. These Rules apply to all activities outside the school.

6.3. These Rules are posted at the school on the bulletin board for review.

www.86sch3-nyagan.edusite.ru

Sociology

• Norms of behavior and social control

  Any society for self-preservation establishes certain norms, rules of conduct and appropriate control over their implementation.

• There are three main forms of control:
  • insulation- excommunication from society of hardened criminals, up to the death penalty;
  • isolation- denial of contacts, incomplete isolation, for example, a colony, a mental hospital;
  • rehabilitation- preparing to return to normal life. Rehabilitation of alcoholics, drug addicts, juvenile delinquents.

Control can be formal or informal.
Informal control- this is the unofficial social pressure of others, the press. Possible punishment through criticism, ostracism; threat of physical violence.
System formal control- organizations created to protect order. We call them law enforcement. They have different degrees of hardness: tax office and tax police, militia and OMON, courts, prisons, corrective labor colonies. Any society creates norms, rules, laws. For example, biblical commandments, traffic rules, criminal law, etc.
Any society cannot function normally without a developed system norms, And rules which prescribe the fulfillment by each person of the requirements and duties necessary for society. People in almost any society are controlled primarily by socialization in such a way that they fulfill most of their social roles unconsciously, naturally, due to habits, customs, traditions and preferences.
How can you force a modern woman to take on a thankless household chore? Only by raising her, socializing her in such a way that she would want and strive to have children, a husband, her hearth and feel unhappy without them. How to force a person with free will to obey the laws and moral norms that limit his freedom? Only by cultivating, educating in him from childhood those feelings and aspirations that lead him to the desire to streamline his life and obey the laws of society. People perform most of their social roles not entirely successfully, not because they are not capable, but because they either do not accept the content of these roles or do not want to fulfill them.
But in this case it is more about the internal social control. There is also an external group social control over human behavior. Each person is included in a variety of social groups: family, educational or production team, neighborhood community, circle of friends and comrades in common hobbies, etc. A necessary condition for the inclusion of an individual in a particular social group is that a person observes certain cultural norms adopted by this group, constituting a kind of code of conduct. Depending on the importance of the violated norm, various sanctions to the offender, up to expulsion from the group.
IN modern society Of course, for social control, the rules and norms established at the level of primary social groups are not enough. On the scale of the whole society, a system of laws and punishments for violation of established requirements and rules of conduct is formed, group social control is applied on behalf of the whole society by state authorities. When an individual is unwilling to follow the requirements of the laws, society resorts to coercion.
The rules vary in severity, and any violation of them entails different penalties. There are norms-rules and norms-expectations. Casual sexual intercourse violates norms-expectations and is not approved by public opinion (lovelace, don Juan - social ostracism, rape - severe criminal punishment). norms-expectations governed by public opinion, morality, norms-rules- laws, law enforcement agencies. Hence the corresponding punishments. The norm-expectation can turn into the norm-rule, and vice versa.
At the same time, it should be borne in mind that a crime to a certain extent serves as an indicator of the imperfection of norms and often prepares the ground for the formation of new norms of morality and law. Thus, in sociology, deviance appears as a social phenomenon that is studied using special sociological methods.

socialworkstudio.ru

Norms of social behavior

Psychology. AND I. Dictionary-reference book / Per. from English. K. S. Tkachenko. - M.: FAIR-PRESS. Mike Cordwell. 2000 .

See what the "Norms of Public Behavior" is in other dictionaries:

Cultural norms- These are certain patterns, rules of behavior or actions. They take shape and are already established in the ordinary consciousness of society. At this level, traditional and even subconscious moments play a big role in the emergence of cultural norms. Customs and ... ... Man and Society: Culturology. Dictionary-reference

NORMS SOCIAL- historically established or established c.l. way standards of activity, observance to ryh stands for the individual and the group necessary condition their subordination determined. the social whole; in N.'s system with. defined are fixed. criteria ... ... Philosophical Encyclopedia

Public opinion psychology in criminal proceedings- The state of mass consciousness, which includes an attitude (hidden or explicit) to the events of the trial, the activities of individual participants in the trial; expresses a position of approval or condemnation for one or another legally ... ... Encyclopedia of Modern Legal Psychology

Social norm (social norms)- officially established or developed under the influence of social practice, the norm and rules of social behavior and manifestations of a person in the specific historical conditions of society. They define the established or established ... ... Dictionary of terms in general and social pedagogy

Legal regulations- rules that determine the order of behavior of people living in society; in their entirety, having application in a given society, they are called the objective law of this society, in contrast to the subjective right. There are two groups of norms: ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

CODE OF CONDUCT FOR ACCOUNTANTS- CODE OF CONDUCT OF ACCOUNTANTSCode of professional conduct for accountants adopted by Amer. Society of Chartered Accountants (AODB) in 1988, consists of two parts: 1) principles that provide the basis for professional conduct; 2) rules ... Encyclopedia of Banking and Finance

Behavior imperative- (lat. - imperative) - a behavioral model that includes norms of behavior that are unconditionally observed as an internal self-order by people of the same community (ethnos, public organization, institution, country as a whole). This is a kind of norm ... ... Fundamentals of spiritual culture (teacher's encyclopedic dictionary)

Psychology of the security team public order and safety of VET- In legal psychology, one of the main tasks is the development of the psychological potential of the team of employees of departments and services. The psychological potential of the team is a set of socio-psychological phenomena that determine ... ... Encyclopedia of modern legal psychology

moral standards- rules of conduct that are established in society in accordance with the moral ideas of people about good and evil, justice and injustice, duty, honor, dignity and are protected by the power of public opinion or inner conviction; ... Theory of state and law in schemes and definitions

Right- a set of generally binding rules of conduct (norms) established or sanctioned by the state, compliance with which is ensured by measures of state influence. With the help of P., the class or classes holding the state in their hands ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

psychology.academic.ru

Rules of conduct in society: what distinguishes a well-mannered person?

Unfortunately, we are not always taught this in school. But many people are interested in the rules of behavior among friends and in a society of unfamiliar people. How to make the culture of etiquette a part of your life and become a welcome member of any company?

The norms and rules of behavior in society apply to all forms of human interaction with the outside world. Educated behavior implies that a person reacts correctly to any events and does not respond with outbursts of anger to negativity.

The formation of personality begins in childhood, therefore most of The responsibility for education lies with the parents. It is adults who should instill in the child love for loved ones, respect for others and, of course, good manners. And you need to do this not only with words, but also with your own example.

The next stage of personal development is self-education. Persistent and purposeful movement along this path forms character, allows you to consciously develop the most valuable human qualities in yourself and learn the rules of behavior accepted in society. There should be no excuses here, because today there are all the necessary resources for self-education - a wide network of libraries, theaters, television, the Internet. The main thing is not to absorb the entire flow of information, but to learn how to select the most valuable grains of truth.

To develop a culture of behavior, focus on aesthetic self-education. It develops a sense of beauty, teaches you to correctly understand and perceive the beauty of nature and art, to enjoy communication in a positive way. But it is worth making a reservation: it is not enough just to know and apply the rules of conduct adopted in our society. Lies and pretense are unacceptable here - in the heart of a truly educated person there is only a place for natural politeness, sensitivity and tact.



Basic norms and rules of behavior in society

Kindness and attention to others are the most important rules of social behavior. But the list of good manners is quite extensive. Let's consider the main ones:

1. Think not of yourself, but of others. Surrounding people prioritize sensitivity, not selfishness.
2. Show hospitality and friendliness. If you invite guests, treat them like your closest people.
3. Be polite in communication. Always say welcome and farewell words, thank for the gifts and services rendered, not only in word, but also in deed.
4. Avoid boasting. Let others judge you by your actions.
5. Listen first, then speak. Do not interrupt the interlocutor - you will have time to express your point of view later.
6. Don't point your finger at people and don't stare piercingly. This confuses them, especially the disabled.
7. Avoid criticism and complaints. A person with good manners tries not to offend people with negative statements and does not complain about fate.
8. Remain calm in all situations. Anger not only leads to unnecessary conflicts with others, but also brings dissonance into one's own inner world.
9. Be punctual. Being late shows that you don't know how to plan your day and don't value other people's time.
10. Keep your word. An unfulfilled promise can lead to real tragedy in the life of the person you hope for.
11. Pay back your debts promptly. Failure to comply with this rule often causes not only the termination of friendship and good relationships, but also serious enmity.

In business, it’s not enough to just be a well-mannered person, but by following the rules of business etiquette, you will achieve success much faster.

Proper behavior in business society

In the business environment, as well as in social life, there is a certain etiquette. It largely repeats the basic rules of human behavior in society, but it also has its own nuances. Knowing the rules of business etiquette, you will gain recognition in the world of successful people, you will be able to quickly build a career or promote your own company to a leading market position. Of course, in business it is not enough to be just a well-mannered person, but following the rules of business etiquette, you will achieve success much faster.

• Respect. A professional always shows courtesy to his partners, clients and colleagues. The ability to listen to other people's arguments without arguing or criticism and to discuss disagreements in a constructive and positive way is an invaluable quality of a business person.
• Mutual assistance. You need to help colleagues in word and deed, especially those who have recently worked with you. In most cases, good returns to us a hundredfold.
• Responsibility. Everyone knows that work has to be done. However, many employees spend working hours chatting and doing personal things. This is a direct irresponsibility in relation to the common cause. Half the trouble if it affects only the loafers themselves. But the failure of an important project can leave the company without profit, and employees without salaries.
• Telephone etiquette. Business negotiations on the phone require a special approach, because at a distance with the interlocutor it is impossible to establish visual and emotional contact. To leave a positive opinion about yourself, do not interrupt the interlocutor, speak clearly and clearly, ask questions only on the case. Speaking of telephone etiquette within the company, try to avoid personal calls during working hours - they distract the attention of other employees and position you as a frivolous chatty person.

It is perhaps impossible to list all the rules and norms of human behavior in society and at work. To pass for a well-mannered person, do not forget the basics of the culture of etiquette and show people the attitude that you wish yourself.

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1. Law is a system of generally binding norms of behavior established and sanctioned by the state and secured by its coercive force.

Law is a kind of social norms.

There are many social norms in society.

They are classified on three grounds.

I basis: according to the sphere of regulation of public relations, which, in turn, are divided into:

a) norms of law - generally binding rules of human behavior established and protected by the state;

b) moral standards - rules of conduct that are established in society in accordance with the moral idea of ​​​​people about good and evil, justice and injustice, honor, dignity. They are guarded by the power of public opinion or the inner convictions of a person. For example, alms;

c) norms of customs - a rule of behavior that has developed as a result of a long repetition of certain actions by people, thanks to which they have become fixed as stable norms. For example, blood feud;

d) norms of traditions - historically established and transmitted from generation to generation generalized rules related to the maintenance of family, national and other foundations. For example: exchange of rings;

e) political norms - these are general rules of conduct that regulate relations between classes, social groups related to the exercise of state power, the method of organizing and operating the state (Chapter 3. Federal structure. The Constitution of the Russian Federation);

f) economic norms are rules of conduct that regulate social relations related to the production, distribution and consumption of material goods. (Constitution of the Russian Federation, Article 8. Guarantee of the unity of the economic space - that is, the state ensures the freedom of economic activity, proclaiming the equality of all forms of ownership);

g) norms of public organizations - rules of conduct that regulate public relations within various public organizations between their members. These norms are established by the public organizations themselves and are protected by means of the measures envisaged by the charters of these organizations.

II basis: according to the method of formation, social norms are divided into spontaneously formed (for example, norms of rituals, traditions, morality) and norms formed as a result of conscious activity of people (Constitution of the Russian Federation of 1993, adopted by popular vote on December 12, 1993).

Third basis: according to the method of fixing the rules of conduct are divided into written and oral.

Moral norms and customs are passed down from generation to generation orally. In contrast, legal norms acquire a binding character and state protection only after they are fixed in writing and published in special acts (laws, resolutions, decrees, etc.).

Signs of law:

1. Obligatory.

Law is the only system of generally binding norms that is obligatory for the entire population living in the territory of a particular state.

2. Formal certainty.

This sign indicates that, firstly, legal norms are not thoughts, but are a reality embodied in legal acts; secondly, they are able to accurately, in detail, reflect the requirements for human behavior; thirdly, only the state can establish legal norms in official legal acts (laws, decrees), which are the only source of legal norms.

3. Security of execution by coercion and force of the state. If the instructions are not carried out voluntarily, the state takes the necessary measures to implement them. For example, violation of the prohibitions of criminal law entails the application of criminal liability to the offender.

4. Multiple applications.

Legal norms have a certain inexhaustibility, their application is designed for an unlimited number of cases. For example, the provisions of the US Constitution of 1787 still successfully regulate legal relations in a developed industrial country.

5. Fairness of the content of legal norms.

The right is recognized to express the general and individual will of citizens and to assert the dominance of the principles of justice in society.

No one can be held accountable without guilt, and every innocent person must be released.

In its essence, law is a normatively established and elevated to the law state will, which expresses the measure of freedom and responsibility in society. The right is determined by the socio-economic, spiritual, moral conditions of the life of a given society.

Law differs from other social phenomena and social norms by a number of specific features. According to its internal structure, it consists of norms, that is, rules of conduct and general prescriptions, which within the country constitute a single system. Features of the law in force in a particular state cannot be deduced from the content of only one, separately taken legal norm. The content and principles of law, the patterns of its development can only be discovered by analyzing the entire system of law as a whole.

Legal norms are obligatory for execution by everyone who falls within the scope of their action, regardless of the subjective attitude to these norms of certain persons.

Law is inextricably linked with the state. Legal norms are established by the state and guaranteed by it. The possibility of using coercive force of the state is a specific sign of law.

Deep meaning is invested in the concept of the state will raised to the law. Firstly, it means unconditional, categorical, indisputable state will. Secondly, the state will outside takes the form of laws, other normative acts or other sources of law. The latter express the formal certainty of law, which also means a clear, precise indication in legal norms of the rights and obligations of subjects, the legal consequences of their non-compliance, and the circumstances upon the occurrence of which legal norms begin to operate.

According to its social purpose and functions, law acts as a regulator of social relations. In this capacity, law, firstly, consolidates social relations, secondly, contributes to their development, and thirdly, displaces alien this society relations. Thus, law is a socially conditioned measure of freedom and responsibility in society, expressed in a system of obligatory, formally defined, established and protected by the state norms that act as a regulator of social relations.