Well names. Types of wells

In order to design and build any type of sewer system, it is necessary to collect the necessary set of materials. To monitor the performance of the sewerage system, special systems are used - wells. Their role is very large in the sewerage system, so it is through them that the system is cleaned.

This article will be considered, because most of them are made of different materials and come in all sizes.

Design and structure of sewer wells

As a rule, the structure of a sewer well has a typical structure:

• Manhole cover (upper part of the well);
• Neck;
• Camera;
• Mine;

Depending on the material and which the well is made, there may be different sizes of products. The shape of the underground chamber is determined from the type of underground communications.

The dimensions and type of the well are determined based on the requirements that are presented for the communications that will be connected to the well. As a rule, the height of the working chamber of the well is 180 centimeters.

The well shaft is made in the form of a round section. Most wells have a ladder so that you can comfortably descend into them. Be sure to cover each well with a lid. It is needed so that garbage, dirt does not fall into the well, and also so that someone does not fall into it.

Often on the news you can hear talk that an animal or a person has fallen into an uncovered well. That is why it is strictly forbidden to use a sewer well without a cover.

How to correctly calculate the size of the sewer well?

For pipes that have a diameter of up to 300 millimeters, round wells with a diameter of up to 1 meter are used. In this case, the working chamber of the well must have a diameter of at least 700 millimeters.

If the pipe diameter is more than 300 millimeters, then it is recommended to install concrete wells that have a bottom diameter of up to one meter. In this case, choose a rectangular shape of the bottom. With this design, it will be convenient to make holes for the pipeline.

Advice! When installing the well, it is necessary to ensure that the angle between it and the pipes is no more than 90 degrees. If wells with drops are being installed, then this figure can be changed. If pipes of different diameters are connected to the well, then they are connected along the pipes.

The main types of sewer wells

To date, there are such types of wells:

1. corner well
2. passing well
3. Rotary sewer well
4. control well
5. station well

The main tasks to be performed by the construction in future work are determined based on the installation of the well.

The main and primary task for any sewer hatch is to monitor the entire operation of the sewer system.

With the help of sewer wells, you can perform tasks such as:

• Reducing the distance in the adjacent system;
• Elimination of the difference in the inlet and outlet pipe;
• Cleaning the system;
• Collection of dirt and waste that is collected in wells.

Sewer manholes

Currently, inspection sewer wells are divided into the following types:

• Linear well - is installed in three sections of the entire sewer system. The main thing is that the system has a direct direction.
• Rotary well - installed in places where the direction of the system changes.
• Nodal well - performed to connect several sewer systems.
• Control well - designed to connect the yard, quarter and street sewer networks.

In order to install a linear well, you do not need to have certain skills. Installation is quick and easy. The length of the well depends on the diameter of the pipe.

Useful information ! The minimum length is 35 meters. AT this case pipes with a diameter of not more than 150 millimeters are used. The maximum length of the system is up to 300 meters. In this case, pipes with a diameter of more than 2000 millimeters are used.

A rotary well is a kind of point where maintenance of the well is carried out, taking into account the cleaning of the system with high water pressure.

Rotary wells are installed at each bend of the rotary pipe. Why is it necessary to do so? The fact is that rotary wells provide better access and make it possible to service the supply pipe.

Drop wells are a separate item. Their main purpose is to equalize the level of the supply pipe.

Drop wells are performed in order to reduce the depth of the pipeline, which is laid in the ground. The drop well limits the maximum allowable flow rate.

The main types of overflow wells

Depending on what kind of design the overflow well has, the following varieties are distinguished:

• Differences in which there is a drain of water of a practical profile. Downstream there is a water well;
• Tubular drops. Such wells have different designs, but they are all united by a single element - a vertical pipe;
• Drops that have a fender and spillway wall;
• Chess multi-stage drops. They have different design. In design feature - each stage extinguishes the energy of the flow;
• Quick wells. They have small channels with a large slope.

Basic sanitary requirements for the arrangement of differential sewer wells

According to the conditions of sanitary requirements, when installing a sewer system using pipes with a diameter of not more than 600 millimeters, it is not necessary to install a drop well.

When a sewer system is being implemented, the height of which is up to 3 meters, it is necessary to install tubular drops.

Celebrated! At the beginning of the network, a well for washing is installed. It will serve to flush the network in those places where the flow is the weakest.

You can install a regular manhole, which will play the role of a flushing well. Sometimes they use special designs that are equipped with a water supply.

It is necessary to know all the design features of the well, as well as its elements that are part of the well. The well must be marked. Do not neglect labeling.

Most often, prefabricated reinforced concrete structures are used, which are performed in accordance with GOST 8020-56. Round concrete wells have diameters: 700, 1000,1250 and 1500 millimeters. Accordingly, hatches are selected according to GOST 3634-91.

Materials for sewer wells

From modern manufacturers today you can get sewer wells, which are made of different materials.

Reinforced concrete, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, as well as fiberglass are used.

Produce rectangular and round wells. Most often, round wells are used for sewage.

Why is well waterproofing needed?

Despite the fact that there is always moisture in the well, it must have reliable waterproofing. First of all, you need to protect the well as much as possible from the ingress of external waste water into it.

To date, you can choose from several dozen waterproofing wells. If a reinforced concrete well is being made, then any material on the market can be bought as waterproofing. These are special formulations. It is important to read the instructions for the use of waterproofing before starting work.

Little advice ! In order to isolate the seams of a concrete well, it is necessary to use a special mixture for this purpose.

Before applying the waterproofing layer, it is necessary to prepare the concrete structure. The loose surface is removed, with the help of a brush it is cleaned and dried. A metal brush is used. If there are places where water flows, a recess is made in the form of a "swallow's tail". 5 centimeters deep, it is laid with a mixture for waterproofing.

Special attention is paid to waterproofing at the joints. Professionals advise to additionally moisten the joints. Then after a while it is necessary to fill them with a special solution.

Only then proceed to apply waterproofing to the entire surface of the well. It is recommended to perform several layers of waterproofing at once. At least three layers are used. The first layer should dry for about a day. Apply one coat every day.

Advice! When a well is waterproofed for three days, it is necessary to exclude loads on the well, and also to prevent low temperatures from affecting the well. It is important to remember that all three days the surface must be slightly moistened. Usually a sprayer is used. You can simply cover the well with polyethylene. Moisture will not come out of the well and its concentration will increase.

It takes at least two weeks to complete the internal waterproofing of the well.

As a result, we can say that, despite the variety of drop wells, they are also used for other purposes. For example, a well can be used to wash away sediment that collects in a system if the flow rate and power in the pipes is rather low.

From a practical point of view, it is worth noting that it is best to use wells that are made of lightweight materials. The fact is that a well made of concrete has a lot of weight. In turn, for its installation, a unit of lifting equipment will be required, as well as transport for delivery to the work site. In order to connect pipes to a concrete well, it is necessary to additionally make holes, which then must be well sealed.

Plastic and PVC wells do not have such disadvantages. You can easily install them yourself. You can easily bring a well on the roof of a car to a plot in a country house. No pipe holes required. They are already there. Their plastic wells come in absolutely any size and design, which clearly makes them more attractive against the background of concrete structures. The service life of a plastic well has a long service life, while a concrete product has a limited service life.

To date, in the construction hypermarket you can find several varieties of wells. The cost of a plastic well will be an order of magnitude higher than a concrete one, but the advantages of the former are obvious. If it is necessary to carry out a convenient and reliable sewerage system, then it is necessary to use the best building materials.

Most of the work on the arrangement of sewer wells can be done independently. Clear instructions and guidelines must be followed. So you can save a lot of money on calling the wizard. However, if you are not sure that you can do everything yourself, you can always seek help from professional plumbers who will help you quickly and efficiently complete all the work. They have a certain experience of work and the necessary set of tools and equipment that will be involved in the performance of all work.

The lack of a centralized water supply system ceases to be a problem when they equip a country site or simply in a place remote from the city alternative source water. There are various different types wells, and the owners of the territory themselves choose what is more suitable: a small, beautifully designed log house or a deep well with modern equipment. Let us consider in more detail the design features and stages of construction of structures of various types.

In summer cottages, there are rarely water bodies that meet sanitary standards. Most often, if high aquifers allow, they dig out a pond, which is actively exploited for watering a garden plot, household needs, and bathing. However, as a source drinking water a pond, like any other open-type body of water, is not suitable. Natural springs or springs gushing out of the ground are extremely rare, usually on a large area in country estates. A standard suburban area is usually generally devoid of any natural reservoir.

Modern well in the country as a decorative element

To provide a separate area necessary quantity water is arranged by wells of various types. The choice depends on many factors, including:

• location of groundwater;
• the amount of water needed for a comfortable life;
• availability of material necessary for construction (financial possibilities);
• the possibility of installing pumping equipment, etc.

The decisive factor for dividing all types of structures into two large categories is the depth of groundwater. If they are located shallow, then it is enough to dig a foundation pit mechanically or manually, strengthen its walls, ennoble the head. The result is a shaft-type device - one of those that our ancestors have used since time immemorial. Of course, building materials have become more durable and wear-resistant, wood has been replaced by monolithic concrete blocks and "eternal" plastic, but the principle of the device has not changed much.

Choosing a well depending on the location of aquifers

The deeper occurrence of aquifers does not allow the construction of a conventional pit; drilling of a well with the help of special equipment will be required. This process is quite expensive, sometimes time-consuming, but the volume of water extracted from an artesian well is much larger, and the quality of the liquid is much higher. Independent drilling rarely leads to a positive result, since a preliminary study of the soil is a necessary step, and this is done by geological research companies. With your own hands, you can make a well to a depth of 15-20 m with a mobile drilling rig. And now in more detail about the different types of water wells.

Mine wells: choose the material for construction

All shaft-type structures are united by the same design - an elongated pit 5-15 m deep with reinforced walls, a neatly designed head. The differences relate to the nuances of construction, material, method of extracting water. The advantages of a well shaft are constant access to a certain amount of drinking or technical liquid, the reserves of which are stored and replenished naturally over time. Complete drainage of the reservoir occurs only in rare cases, for example during an extremely dry period.

Types of shaft wells depending on the depth

Wooden frame

Wood has been used for a long time, as it perfectly tolerates the proximity to moisture, and is convenient in processing. From logs or thick boards (from 150 mm and thicker) a structure is made that resembles a log house. Elements are attached to each other different ways, for example "in the paw". Not all breeds are suitable. The lower part, in contact with water, is collected from elm, alder or oak. In order for the water to remain transparent and not have a bitter taste, the oak is first subjected to staining. For the manufacture of the upper part and the head, cheaper pine is suitable.

Scheme of the device of a wooden mine well

It is irrational to dig pits less than 5 meters: they collect only surface water horizons containing many impurities, respectively, not suitable for drinking. The ground layers lie at a depth of 10-15 m, it is precisely this height that a kind of "log" should turn out. The assembly is carried out in fragments, which are alternately lowered, hammering with a sledgehammer, to the bottom. The role of the bottom filter is played by a sand and pebble cushion. The upper part is protected from perched water with a clay castle 1-1.5 m wide.

Masonry

Stone mines are usually laid out in areas where wood is in short supply. Most often they can be found in mountainous and foothill areas with poor vegetation, but large quantity granite or dolomite deposits. Masonry is also used for decorative purposes, however, a beautiful cylindrical shape made of colored rocks takes a lot of time and effort, and besides, it does not have high functionality, since stone is recommended to be used only for shallow pits.

Now the stone is more often used to decorate the above-ground part - the head

For the stability of the structure, a metal frame is initially welded with a stable base placed on the bottom. Reinforcement, wire, metal rings create a semblance of stiffeners, between which masonry is placed. The composition of dolomite, rubble, granite stone, impervious to water, is bound by sand- cement mortar. Limestone or sandstone is not suitable due to its porous structure and water permeability.

Brick mine

Despite the difference in the material of manufacture, the device of different types of wells has much in common. For example, if you replace a stone with a brick, the difference will be small. Main design difference consists in the arrangement of bricks, which are laid in a certain pattern, while the stones are in a chaotic order. To create reliable walls, masonry is made one or one and a half bricks wide. A rounded shape is given using a special stabilizing profile.

Well mine made of bricks

Without a frame, which forms a kind of “skeleton” of a well structure, stone and brick masonry cannot exist for a long time. Despite the strength of the Portland cement that holds the individual elements together, over time, underground currents wash out the solution, and the structure may crumble. The support frame is welded from a metal profile, pieces of reinforcement, or assembled from waterproof wood species. The minimum thickness of the base is 100 mm.

Prefabricated concrete rings are popular among summer residents due to their low cost. The process of their installation takes much less time than laying a brick wall or installing a wooden frame. Convenient dimensions (diameter from 0.8 m to 1.5 m, height from 0.7 m to 0.9 m) allow you to assemble the structure of the required depth. The elements are connected end-to-end with the help of special brackets and bolts, and the cracks between them are filled with cement mortar to ensure complete sealing. Sometimes, for strength, the joints are connected with 6-centimeter strips of steel and staples (3-4 pieces around the circumference).

Installation concrete rings

The shaft is dug out gradually so that the first ring goes down, the second one is installed on top of it - and so on to the full depth. At the bottom, a sand cushion 0.3 m thick is formed, covered with a layer of rubble. The upper part is reinforced with a clay castle. It is not needed if directly below fertile layer soil are stones, peat or dense sand. The first few portions of the liquid must be pumped out, and the subsequent ones are initially better used for household needs.

Video: The process of lowering concrete rings into the finished shaft

Prefabricated plastic frame

Modified polymers are actively used for the production of prefabricated well structures and other equipment located underground and in contact with a humid environment. They are not yet as popular as concrete counterparts, but the advantages of alternative rings are obvious:

• maximum height a separate part - 1.5 m, which increases the speed of construction and increases the tightness of the mine;
• the mass of plastic elements is much lighter than concrete, brick or wood;
• threaded connection provides water tightness over the entire area of ​​​​the walls;
• working pressure - up to 50 kPa;
• cost - from 11 thousand rubles. for the ring.

Polymer pipes for a well

Rings are installed in two ways. On dense stable soils, the shaft is first pulled out, then the rings are lowered and screwed in turn, smearing the joints with sealant. If the soil is loose, a small pit is dug out, the first element is inserted, and then the ground is taken out from under it and lifted up. Then it is pushed down, the second element is mounted on top - and so on until the end. Polymer structures serve more than 50 years.

Borehole water supply of a suburban area

Mines with a depth of more than 20 m are called pipe (tubular) or artesian. If underground aquifers lie very deep, wells up to 200 m have to be drilled, but most often this happens for industrial purposes. The quality of the liquid in artesian sources is much higher than that of the well: it practically does not contain nitrates, salts of harmful metals, and pathogenic bacteria that enter the wells from the perch. The only disadvantage of well equipment is the high cost.

Small well (on sand)

Sand wells - the most acceptable way to provide a country house with water best quality. Their depth is from 15 m to 35 m (rarely 45 m), and the water flow is on average 0.8-2.2 m³/h. Drilling should be carried out by specialists, since it is necessary to detect underground horizons of water-bearing sand and properly install the filter. The drilling process lasts 2-3 days, then it is necessary to plant the shaft with pipes made of steel or propylene. The lower part of the equipment is equipped with a sand filter or a more powerful filter column.

Scheme of a sand well device

The capacity of the facility is enough to provide water for a family of 3-4 people. The quality of the liquid is not as ideal as that of artesian, but much higher than that of a well, since it is impossible to get surface water. If set centrifugal pump and automatic equipment, the sand well will function smoothly throughout the year. Drilling is possible when using a compact drilling rig, a license and a package of permits are not required.

deep well

The depth of an artesian well is from 30 m or more, in suburban areas the maximum does not exceed 200 m. A package of permits is required for its installation. Drilling should be carried out by specialists, as heavy construction equipment (ZIL, KamAZ) and a powerful rotary unit will be needed. The drilling process consists in the destruction of hard rocks, their removal from the mine and the installation of casing pipes. The maximum number of casing pipes for one structure is 3 pieces, such a prefabricated structure is called telescopic. Welding has recently been used extremely rarely, the main method of connecting elements is threaded. The lower water layers are isolated from the upper ones with the help of a special material - compactonite, granular dry clay.

Artesian well with double casing

After installation of pipes, experimental flushing is required until clean water is obtained. Samples are taken for analysis in order to give permission for the use of water as drinking water. The owner is issued a passport, which indicates the technical data of the structure and the terms of use.

Features of the device of the Abyssinian well

When there is no need to equip a powerful well, you can make an autonomous Abyssinian well. Its device does not require long digging or heavy equipment. The technology consists in installing a pipe of minimum diameter (up to 4 cm) to the depth of the upper aquifer. The lower part of the pipe is equipped with a filter that protects it from contamination. The water supply to the top is provided by a self-priming pump. To make the pipe easier to sink into the ground, it is equipped with a conical tip, the diameter of which is 4-5 cm wider than the diameter of the pipe.

Comparative diagram of tubular and Abyssinian well

The above-ground part is decorated or ennobled with a small structure, such as a gazebo. Any convenient place for installation is suitable, however, areas close to septic tanks, drainage collectors, and gutters should be avoided.

Video: comparative characteristics of a well and an Abyssinian well

Having figured out what kind of water wells there are, it is easy to choose a structure that is optimally suited for a particular suburban area. But keep in mind that deep-type structures without permits arrangement is prohibited.

Water wells can be different size and forms. It all depends on free space on a suburban area and on what type of water supply will be used.

• Ascending.
• Tubular.
• Mine.

Let's take a closer look at the designs:

• The ascending type can only be used where a spring or any other source of water comes to the surface.
• Most often it is used in reserves rich in springs and other reservoirs. It is a not too complicated structure that comes to the surface of the soil in the form of a small pipe.
• A filter station is installed on it, a pump (see Water pumps for wells: which one to choose) may not be needed, since the water itself rises to the surface.

Advice. It does not make sense to install this type of well on suburban areas of the modern type.
It will take quite a lot of effort to get to a certain layer of the earth. In some cases, ascending sources can be at a depth of up to 150 m.

Mine and tube wells are considered more in demand for water supply to a suburban area. The photos show examples of them.

Shaft structure and its functions

This type is the very first that was used by man to supply water to his home.
Its size and shape can be varied:

• Square.
• Round.
• Oval.
• Rectangular.

Water enters through the bottom or partially through the walls.

Advice. If groundwater in a suburban area does not lie too deep, then it is most rational to use a mine well for water supply.

It can be built on any soil, as it is reliably strengthened from the inside of the structure.
Walls can be:

• Wooden bars.
• Concrete well rings.
• Stone (but or brick).

Application of materials:

• Wood was used when there were no other materials. On the this moment began to often lay out wells for water using bricks or rubble stone.
• For a longer time of use of the structure, concrete rings are used, which also have different sizes and thicknesses.

It will be mandatory to use natural filter materials on the bottom and walls of this design:

• Sand.
• Rubble.

The depth of such a well can reach 8-16 m. It all depends on what quality of water you need.
The video in this article shows the process of digging and building a shaft well. It will also be necessary to finish the mine structure.

Finishing the shaft well

Such work is necessary because in appearance the well resembles deep hole and for safety reasons it will be necessary to limit it to any modern building material.
For this, houses are being built, which can be from:

• Brick.
• tree.
• Foam blocks.
• Foam concrete.

Let's take a closer look:

• If brick or other similar material requires additional decoration, then wood does not.
• Brick is almost always finished with natural agglomerate or artificial stone. For such work, it is necessary to prepare a flat surface.
  The wood is simply varnished.

Advice. To give sophistication and attractive appearance to the outer structure of the shaft well, quite often various patterns are carved on the wood, which looks original.

It will be mandatory to build a roof, which is made of:

• Wood.
• Decking.
• Metal tiles and other roofing materials.

Advice. To prevent debris from getting inside, you need to close it with a lid made of wood or corrugated board.

tubular well

This type is a well. It is not large in size, but its depth can be quite impressive.
Used for its arrangement:

• Concrete pipes.
• Plastic pipes.

• If a shaft well is dug with a shovel, then a tubular well is drilled with a special drill. The most important thing when choosing this type of well is to establish the location of groundwater so that it does not clog the source of water supply.
• The tube well must be well equipped, as water will not collect in it. Various automatic devices are used to raise the water out.
• The well can be simple or artesian. What is the difference? The latter type of water is cleaner and healthier.
  It lies quite deep underground and very often such a depth is at least 15-20 m.

The price of a tubular well is much more modest than a mine well. During the construction process, much less is spent building material and strength.

How to choose a place to build a well

Both options for a water source can be built with your own hands. You just need to choose the right place for it on a suburban area.
Let's take a closer look:

• For this there is a specific instruction. According to it, a reservoir with water supply should not be too close to a residential building, since if the well itself is flooded with groundwater, the structure may begin to deform (destruction of the foundation, walls will crack, and so on).
  All this can lead to the complete destruction of the house.
• It is also worth considering that a well of any type should not be located near sewage sewer pits, compost pits, and other things that can pollute groundwater. The distance from them must be at least 20 m.
• How to determine the water level? To do this, you can make an analysis of reservoirs that are located near a suburban area.
  You can ask your neighbors about the depth of their well. But, here it is worth considering that each needs its own type of water.

Advice. This method can only help if it is planned to build a tubular well with artesian water on the site.

How to detect water

Water detection for a well can be done in a variety of ways. You can use any desiccant that is previously buried in the place where it is planned to build a well.
The depth of burial should be at least 0.5 m.

Advice. Brick or silica gel can be used as a desiccant. They are pre-dried and weighed.

• After 24 hours have elapsed, the desiccant is dug out and weighed again. If it has acquired a fairly large weight compared to its original one, then a well can be built in such a place.
• The second method is based on natural phenomena. After a hot day at dusk, you need to carefully examine the site.
  If there is a gray haze (fog) in any place, then it is there that the well will need to be built.

Advice. According to legend, if smoke rises in a column or swirls, then it is in this place that the most fertile structure will be.

• You can find water for a well by studying the topography of the site. If it has hills or hills, then there is definitely a lot of water between them, since the water underground relief exactly repeats the ground relief.

Advice. If the terrain is flat, then there will probably be quite a few places with enough water on it.

• Various plants can also show the amount of water, which will require quite a lot of liquid to grow. These are sedge, spruce, birch, alder.
  Please note that if a pine tree grows on a suburban area, and in order to be saturated with water, it has a rather long taproot, which means that the water is very deep.
• They help determine the location of water and nearby water bodies. You need to take a special device and measure the pressure with it right on the shore of the reservoir.
  Then the same actions are done on the site. If the pressure has a deviation of 0.5 mm Hg, then the water will be at a depth of 6-8 m.


• Pets are also good at locating water. In most cases, on hot days, they dig holes in a place where there is water and lie down in it.
  Water is very close to the surface and in sufficient quantity.
• There is another way to detect water - exploratory drilling. To do this, a well is drilled and, as soon as water appears in the well, drilling can be stopped.
  But here it’s already worth deciding which is better, leaving a well or building a well.

Advice. Exploratory drilling is carried out at a depth of 5-10 meters.

There is a certain conditional depth. It is 10-15 m.
If the water is at a greater depth, then it is most rational to make a well.

Automation to ensure the normal functioning of a well or well

Water stations play an important role in the water supply of a residential building in a suburban area. They help to pump water into certain reservoirs and thereby make its reserves.
So:

• They also provide a normal supply of water to the house and with their help, irrigation is carried out on the site.
• At the moment, pumping stations are of different sizes. They can be installed directly in the well or outside (in the house or in any utility room).

Advice. To ensure the supply of water to the house, you need to run pipes from the well.

The main task will be to conduct electricity on the site, since without it the pumps do not work.
There are several types of pumping stations:

• Surface.
• In-depth.
• Deep.

The first two types are used to provide shallow wells. And the latter is able to extract water from a very great depth, which reaches 80 m. Pumping stations can be turned on automatically or using special panels.
It all depends on the flow of water in the area. With a large consumption of liquid, it is best to opt for automatic pumping stations.

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Well device and types

The well is a vertical system with reinforced surface and a structure for supplying water from underground sources (wells or groundwater). By lifting mechanism inland waters it could be:

• a Russian well, the water in it is obtained thanks to a rope wound on a special drum, at the end of which a bucket is tied;
• a well-shaduf, in which a crane-type lever is used to raise water from the mine;
• Archimedean screw, in which water rises in large portions.

Drinking wells use only:

• groundwater of spring origin;
• artesian waters that get out from the depths due to the force of natural pressure.

According to the material for strengthening the inner walls, wells can be:

• wooden;
• brick;
• concrete;
• stone.

The device of a wooden Russian well is a shaft, no more than 20 m deep and consists of lifting mechanism- a gate, a clay castle, on top of which gravel is poured and a blind area is laid. The well is dug before the groundwater runs, under which stack the filter from gravel and sand.

The part that is above the surface of the earth is called the head, its close the lid protecting from debris and winter icing. The part located underground is called the trunk, it is dug deep into the mine whose walls are reinforced. The shape of the shaft is most often round (the most convenient), square (the simplest) and any other (rectangular, hexagonal, etc.).

Concrete, brick and stone wells are dug with a round shaft.

How and when to dig

1. Digging in the spring is not recommended due to the high probability of choosing the wrong depth.
2. The best time to dig a well is the end of February or August. It is not easy to dig in February, but at other times you may not dig a well at all.
3. If you start digging, then you can not interrupt to prevent sticking of the column.
4. The use of a winch or a crane to extract the rings is mandatory.
5. A team of three people should dig a well, changing each other in turn.

Country well from logs

A well is dug if the groundwater lies at a depth of up to 15 m, otherwise it will be difficult to raise the soil upward. Mine depth less than 5 m is also unacceptable, due to the likelihood of surface water ingress, leading to pollution and the inability to use it for drinking, and there is not much water there.

The place for the well must be chosen at least 5 m from the buildings on the foundation, it is better to be at least 20 m away. Determine water occurrence folk methods possible, but it is better if you contact a special hydrological organization. However, if you see that the neighbors have wells and water in them, you can safely dig on your site, you will definitely have it too.

It is better to dig a well at a time when the surface layers of water are depleted, and you will surely reach groundwater without accidentally mistaking perch for them.

The material for the log house should be durable rocks oak type trees. So that the water does not take on a brown hue and does not give a bitter aftertaste, it is subjected to a staining process. You can use other tree species, for example: elm, larch, alder, aspen, pine. In the surface and underwater parts of the well can be used different types of trees.

Before digging the mine is selected fastening method logs among themselves (as a rule, “in a paw” in a “half-tree”, etc.) so that there are no obstacles for putting a log house into a finished shaft.

Having made a markup and tearing out a notch for clay castle, start digging a well shaft to a maximum depth of about 20 m.

1. Separately, a log house is assembled, corresponding to the depth of the dug mine.
2. The finished log house is brought into the mine, trying to prevent damage to the walls.
3. Lower crown neatly seated on supports made from the remains of logs. For a hard landing, they beat with a heavy sledgehammer on the upper crown of the log house.
4. Produce a sample of soil for the further advancement of the log house.
5. Delete wooden poles and the log house must go down, otherwise help with a sledgehammer.
6. Repeat actions (set up supports, dig a hole, etc.).
7. If high water accumulates in the pit, a pump is used to pump it out.
8. After installation wooden structure, pump out water from the bottom, level it and pour filter layers- sand, then gravel.
9. A meter-long pit is being dug around the well to make clay castle, preventing water intrusion.
10. To prevent rain water from leaking make a blind area with a slight slope from the well.
11. The rest of the work is carried out to improve the appearance of the well.

concrete wells

Concrete wells more hygienic and durable compared to wooden counterparts. Concrete wells can be dug in two ways:

1. formwork method.
2. With the use of concrete rings.

formwork method. This is done simply: the formwork is placed along the walls dug to a certain depth of the mine, it is poured composition of cement sand and gravel (in a ratio of ½/3), water is added at the rate of an average of 0.6 per unit proportion. After curing after 12 days remove formwork, dig a hole under a concrete wall and lower the ring. This process is repeated until the well is dug to the desired depth.

With the use of concrete rings. This process is going much faster, so you do not have to wait until the concrete wall hardens. Finished rings (purchased or pre-made by formwork) are lowered into previously dug pit. Further, they dig a hole under the ring and push the ring inward, putting a new one on it. Fasten the rings with special brackets. They dig to a depth at which water will flow along the walls from at least three sources. Scoop out water, form bottom filter and proceed to the formation of the upper part of the well. The concrete ring should rise above the ground at least half a meter.

Brick well manufacturing technology

Brick wells have many shortcomings, however, where there is no access to vehicles for transporting concrete rings or it is not economically feasible, such walls can be made. Brick wells are dug shallow, so walls can be laid, only dig the entire mine. The masonry is made of hardened red brick, since the silicate counterpart is subject to rapid destruction. Wells made of stone and brick, as a rule, make round(to reduce consumables) with a diameter of 1 m. The manufacturing technology is the same as that of concrete wells. Masonry can be done both from below, if the depth is not more than 5 m, and from above, placing supports, similar to the case with concrete rings. Wall thickness brickwork should not exceed 25 cm, and stone 35 cm, it is desirable to plaster them.

Brickwork is a fan.

How much will it cost to build a well in the country

In order not to build a well yourself, you can turn to construction companies who are digging wells. During the construction of the well, the company produces calculation of materials, delivers everything you need to the object, digs a well shaft, installs rings, carries out complete sealing, mounts a clay castle, installs a house, if necessary, mounts a plumbing unit and connects water supply to a private house in accordance with building codes and regulations.

One of the Moscow companies offers digging wells from concrete rings worth at 2,000 rubles. for work in depth in 1 ring (0.8 m), the cost of the ring itself is 2,000 rubles. Digging a well with a depth of more than 16 m will cost 2450 rubles. for each subsequent ring. If you book a house - it will cost you 6 000 rubles

Another company offers its services at lower prices. The cost of installing one ring - 1 800 rubles, and the installation of the house - 5 500 rubles In addition, you will have to pay at least 150 rubles for rolling the ring. for every 20 m and delivery of materials. The cost of a well with a depth of 15 m will cost in 100 900 rubles. including materials for the bottom, house, etc., excluding transportation costs.

The Svoi Well company also produces well digging from 2 000 rubles, house installation from 5 000 rubles, and sells the rings themselves 1,500 rubles each a piece.

Average prices in the Moscow region for a ring - 1 900 rubles, and for digging for one ring - 2 000 rubles However, if there are difficulties with the removal of soil, groundwater, soil, then the price may be higher. On average, a turnkey well can do in the Moscow region with a depth of 9 m - 68 000 rubles, for 18 m - 145 500 rubles with a house.

Digging wells is very labor intensive process associated with many nuances that are difficult for a non-specialist to understand, therefore it is best to contact an organization engaged in digging wells, which has specialists to perform geodetic developments and all technological processes.

septik.guru

Types of wells

The most suitable time of the year to build a well will be late autumn. During this period, ground flows flow to a low level of depth, which allows you to freely build a mine. Before proceeding with the construction, it is worth deciding what type of well will be on the territory. At the same time, it is necessary to carefully study the technologies that explain how to make a well in the country.

A well or well for a private house can be of the following types:

• wooden;

  with a decorative house;

  concreted;

  from reinforced concrete rings;

  from stone or brick.

Drilling well

A drilling well in a country house is created in an area where underground flows flow at a high level. The work is carried out by drilling wells. The drill bit is embedded in the soil and with rotational movements they dig a hole of the desired width.

Choosing this kind of method, the well as a result has a great depth and a narrow neck. What kind of this building has, you can see in the photo.

Pipes made of metal and asbestos with a diameter of at least 15 cm are mounted inside the structure. A cover is installed on top of the well as a protection against debris and a water lifting device, which can be clearly seen in the photo examples. Such structures can be below 20 m in depth.

Mine type wells

A well according to the type of mine can be built if there are no stony rocks on the site, in the presence of which the drilling method is not used. A well in the form of a mine is dug in a simple way, in which the earth is removed from the pit with one's own hands using a bucket. The depth of construction should be no more than 20-25 m, and the deeper the mine, the lower the risk of water contamination with harmful bacteria. A well in the country with a minimum depth can be created with your own hands using:

• bucket for cleaning the pit.

If it is decided to create a deep well, this will require the help of special equipment. The bottom of the pit is equipped with crushed stone 50 cm high for water filtration. For the durability of the structure, it is required to equip the walls with asbestos. Photo examples of earthworks will help you figure out how to properly organize the work on arranging such a well.

Wooden structure

Suitable for creating a wooden well wooden beams 10-15 cm wide or thick panels. At the first stage of creation, it is required to dig a shaft corresponding to the height of the beam, after which the finished material is installed inside.

A dig is made under the log house with a gradual deepening for the next beam. How it looks right, you can see by looking at the photo examples. The frame is installed on top of each other, bringing it to the desired height. For strength, the structure is fastened with boards vertically.

decorative houses

They have a decorative function. Their main purpose is to close the well pit. A house is selected taking into account the decorative elements that are on the landscape of the territory. Inside the house, you can install a pump to raise water to the surface. Acquainted with decorative element can be in the photo examples.

concreting

A metal formwork is mounted in a shaft dug in advance, followed by pouring it with cement. Small fractions of bitumen or pebbles can be added to the solution.

Three days later, after the first layer has dried, you can start pouring the second base. Carrying out the work in stages, the well will be strong and durable.

Reinforced concrete rings

Using reinforced concrete structures, you can create a well of various depths and any diameter. The work begins with the preparation of a pit at the level of two rings, which are accurately installed on top of each other, and how this happens can be seen in the photo examples.

For strength, the rings are connected with metal reinforcement. The alternate deepening of the shaft is carried out thanks to the digging from the bottom of the rings and making room for the third row of the structure. The next stage is based on cementing the gaps between the rings and equipping the bottom. The shaft is filled with gravel to a height of 50 cm. At the next stage, a cover and a decorative canopy are installed.

Near such a well, it is necessary to dig a trench of 1 meter and fill it with clay. This action is necessary to protect well water from the ingress of fine litter and soil particles.

brick and stone

The walls inside the structure can be equipped with bricks or small stones, but only in the case of a finished mine with a digging of the required size. This kind of well cannot be deeper than 7 meters.

Wall decoration with brick and stone can be used if the territory of the private sector contains clay or loamy soil.

When creating masonry at the bottom of the shaft, it is necessary to add less liquid to the cement, and for the upper part, a standard mix solution can be used.

So that the country well does not spoil the appearance of the landscape, it should be decorated. You can build a well in the country in the form of a wooden crane, arrange a hinged roof in the Moroccan style, decorate the hinged support with carvings or ornamental painting. Any fantasy can be realized, even the one you once saw in a photo in a book or on the Internet.

The same amount of time is allotted to create a well or well. However, for any type of construction, preliminary preparation of work is required, taking into account the level of groundwater passage, selecting a photo of the future well and determining the correct location for the structure.

delovvode.ru

Existing types of wells

Classification into types is usually carried out on the basis of the material design of the shaft wall, which can be:

• wooden;
• brick;
• stone;
• from concrete rings;
• from monolithic reinforced concrete;
• from polymer rings.

Each of the materials has its own advantages and disadvantages, as well as indications and limitations for use, depending on the size and depth of the hydraulic structure.

One of the first artificial structures, due to the availability, cheapness and ease of processing of the material, a wooden well has become, which, despite the variety of structural materials produced by the construction industry, remains the most affordable, especially if next to a summer house or country house there is a forest. As structural elements of wells made of wood, sanded solid logs, timber, round timber spread in two or thick boards can be used. The final choice is made for reasons of economy and laboriousness in processing and assembling a log house from a particular material, which in turn is determined by the availability of a suitable tool and skill from the master who decided to build a water intake.

Wood has long been used as a material for a well.

The size of the structural elements is selected depending on the depth of the well, based on the following considerations:

• log diameter - 120 - 180 mm;
• the thickness of the timber, boards or cut - from 100 to 150 mm.

Wood species have different hardness and resistance to moisture, so when picking it is recommended to take:

• for the lower part immersed in water - alder, elm or oak;
• for the surface part, not subject to contact with water - pine.

A mine made of stone

A hydraulic structure that can challenge the palm in terms of the priority of appearance near a wooden log house is a stone well. It is quite possible that the first well was made entirely of natural material, representing stones selected to size, collected in a cylindrical shaft and held together with clay. Today, the construction of stone wells for drinking water involves the use of a thick sand-cement mixture as a binder with high content Portland cement to ensure the watertightness of the structure, which is also achieved by using granite, rubble stone or dolomite as the main material, which, unlike limestone and sandstone, does not allow water to pass from the outside, which guarantees its flow exclusively from the aquifer.

stone mine

Reliable construction of a natural stone well implies the manufacture of a reinforced concrete support frame at the bottom of the shaft, which is a massive base for the entire structure and ensures its stable positioning in connection with the intermediate and upper wooden element, which, in combination with reinforcing rods, acts as a skeleton. Metal rods connecting the elements of stone wells to each other are threaded at the ends, which allows them to be fixed to wooden round frames with nuts, screwed on both sides and tightened to a hard contact. The number of intermediate frames is determined by the depth of the structure, but should be at least one for penetration up to 2 meters and located at a distance of 1 to 1.5 meters at a lower bottom level. To strengthen the structure, every 5-6 rows of masonry should be provided with a closed ring gasket made of double-row steel wire with a diameter of 0.5-1 mm.

Brickwork instead of stone

Development construction technologies and the appearance of artificial stone, which, after firing, acquires water-repellent properties, made it possible to build the first brick well, which is still used today. Structure brick well similar to that described for a structure made of natural stone, while the thickness of the support frame must be at least 100 mm, and the width must exceed a quarter of a meter, which will allow laying in one or one and a half bricks, depending on the chosen scheme. The wooden elements of brick wells must be at least 80 mm thick, and their width exceeds the width of the masonry by 20 mm or more.

Beginning of brickwork

In order for a section of a brick well in a horizontal plane to have the shape of a ring, specially prepared templates are used during masonry, made in the form of a segment of a circle and providing required profile mines. The gaps between the last row of bricks and the intermediate or upper frame are filled with masonry mortar, which is rammed.

An alternative material for building a brick well for water is iron brick, obtained by burning the workpiece and being practically impervious to moisture.

Assembling a shaft from concrete rings

The most practical from the point of view of arrangement time and ease of use is a well made of concrete rings, which can be from 800 to 1500 mm in diameter and from 300 to 900 mm in height. The device of the well, assembled from concrete rings, provides for careful sealing of the joints of structural elements with the help of special waterproofing mixtures, by filling and coating on both sides. If the depth of the well does not exceed 6 meters, then the use of concrete pipes having a diameter of 600 - 700 mm and a length of 3 - 4 meters is practiced.

The rigidity of the device for a water well assembled from concrete pipes is achieved by arranging an external plank formwork that protects the structure from the shearing effects of soil layers, or by welding metal pieces of reinforcement or another profile to the external embedded plates.

Monolithic concrete wells

The greatest installation depth of a water well can be achieved by arranging a completely monolithic reinforced concrete structure, obtained:

• the method of gradual build-up by rearranging the formwork from the bottom up;
• sequential pouring of the rings to the height of the enclosing form, undermining and lowering it deep into, after which the reinforcing frame is built up and the formwork is reinstalled. The operations are repeated the number of times necessary to reach the aquifer.

The device of reinforced concrete monolithic wells for drinking water is a rather laborious and time-consuming measure, which is rational to use only if it is possible to perform one-time work by arranging a continuous double-sided formwork and reinforcing cage to the full height, followed by periodic pouring of the entire volume, at intervals necessary for compaction concrete using internal vibrators. The external formwork elements of the wells with this organization of the process are non-removable and are subject to backfilling together with a monolithic shaft.

Assembling the shaft from plastic elements

Polymer wells are an innovation in the market of country hydraulic structures and have not yet become quite common, although they have all the set of positive properties necessary for this:

• the final cost is comparable to water wells constructed from concrete rings;
• an order of magnitude smaller mass of structural elements, while having a greater length (1500 mm);
• high tightness of the assembly, achieved due to the threaded connection of the elements and surpassing even the indicator that reinforced concrete wells have, due to the complete watertightness of the walls;
• allowable working pressure on the outer and inner walls - 50 kPa;
• operating temperature from -70 to +50 0 С;
• service life over 50 years.

polymer wells

An alternative to plastic corrugated pipes, with an ability to perceive external loads comparable to that which they have concrete wells, a polymer-sand composition used for the manufacture of rings 200 mm high and with a wall thickness of 45 mm can become. The diameter of the water well from such parts can only be 970 or 1060 mm, since the manufactured elements have only such dimensions. The scheme for assembling a well from sand-polymer rings implies fixing the links with the help of special locks that ensure the rigidity of the structure.

All considered types of wells equipped for water extraction include:

• a bottom with a filter layer, which is a base of geotextiles and / or gravel, the layer thickness of which determines the degree of purification of incoming water, but must be at least 100 mm;
• a trunk with windows in the lower part filled with porous concrete if the well is on a water-resistant layer, and not on sand;
• head, rising above the ground by 0.6 - 0.8 m and serving to install equipment, a canopy and / or cover;
• clay castle, obtained by excavation of 25 - 50 cm of soil and backfilling with clay, which is a waterproof barrier to surface runoff. Required for types of water intake wells that do not have waterproof walls.

Some authors, answering the question: “What are the wells?”, Supplement the existing classification with pipe hydraulic structures, which is not true, since, due to the ratio of the diameter of the hole in the ground to its depth, it would be more correct to classify them as wells.

An integral part of any drainage system are sewer wells, or chambers.

Their device is provided even at the entrance to the septic tank, located on suburban area. Therefore, no wonder - every day we see them under our feet. But does everyone know what is inside, and what are these structures for?

This article will tell you everything, or almost everything, about wells, both for those who have no idea about them, and for those who think they know a lot about them.

The equipment of any special facilities for control, repair, maintenance or functional needs is provided for by the requirements of SNiP 2.04.03-85 “Sewerage. External networks and facilities”, and is dictated by common sense.

Let's say there is a drainage pipe in which a blockage has occurred.

What can be done in the absence of a camera that allows you to identify the problem area and eliminate the trouble? The question is rhetorical.

Therefore, the standards describe in sufficient detail where, in what quantities, and which wells to install.

Part 1. Classification of wells

Each structure of this kind has its purpose and method. They can be classified according to several criteria.

There are the following types of sewer wells:

1. On the network - wells can be arranged on any drainage networks:
   • Domestic and industrial drains
   • Drainage
   • Stormwater
2. According to the material of manufacture:
   • Concrete
   • brick
   • Polymer
3. By appointment:
   • Variable
   • Lookouts:
   • With change of flow direction:
     • Swivel
     • nodal
   • Straight-through:
     • Linear
     • Control
     • Flushing

Naturally, the most important characteristic is what functions the sewer well performs.

A drop well differs from a viewing well in that it is designed to change certain physical characteristics of the water flow.

Inspection chambers are designed to perform certain actions on the pipeline.

1. Manholes - tasks by type

Manholes must be installed under one of the following conditions:

1. Changing the diameter or slope of the pipeline
2. Change of flow direction
3. When attaching side branches
4. On straight sections, depending on the diameter of the pipe - after 35-300 m

The well itself is made in the form of a shaft with a chamber inside, where the incoming and outgoing pipelines are connected by a special tray.

Each of the wells of this type has its own purpose. However, in one structure, several tasks can be solved at once.

According to the device, all sewer manholes are of the same type, as a rule, the difference can occur only in the depth of occurrence.

All their parameters are quite strictly standardized.

For structures intended to change the direction of the flow of wastewater (nodal and rotary sewer well), the tray is made of a specific shape.

Its parameters are described by the SNiP mentioned above.

The main essence of the requirements is that the angle of rotation cannot be less than 90 °, and is performed with a smooth rounding, the radius of which is from 1 to 5 diameters of the incoming pipe.

A rotary sewer well is placed in those places where a change in the direction of the pipeline is provided, and nodal - where one or two branches are connected to the network.

The nodal well tray can be designed for no more than three incoming pipes, and one outgoing one.

A once-through well is most often linear, that is, located on long sections of the network without branches and turns.

It has a tray that exactly repeats the direction of movement of drains and is designed to check the condition of pipelines, and, if necessary, clean them.

It can also be installed in places where there is a slight change in the input-output level.

It can also be a direct-flow and control well, which is installed at the points of connection of the house or quarter network to the central highway.

But, since in such places a nodal structure is still needed - it is, as a rule, that combines these functions.

Important information!

As a rule, a direct-flow sewer well is arranged - it is installed in the initial sections of the networks, where the drains have not yet gained sufficient speed, and there is an increased likelihood of blockages.

As a rule, water is supplied here, and sometimes pumps are installed.

2. Types of overflow wells

The next type, differential sewer wells, are designed to change and adjust the flow of wastewater in height, as well as to change the speed of their movement - both up and down.

Therefore, the designs of these devices are very diverse.

Cases when it is necessary to arrange sewer overflow wells:

• If you need to reduce the laying depth for the incoming pipeline
• There is a risk that the stream will become too fast or slow, change speed dramatically
• Highway crosses underground structures
• The well is the last one before the discharge into the reservoir, and has a flooded outlet

Based on the variety of tasks, internal organization of these structures also has many design solutions.

Drop types:

• With practical profile and downstream water jet
• Tubular, may have a different design, but always - based on a vertical pipe
• Equipped with water and drain wall
• Multi-stage, shaft type - dampen the flow rate as it follows the cascade
• Fast currents - short sections of the pipeline with a large slope. Designed to accelerate the flow in areas where it is possible to slow it down.

A separate case is overflow sewer wells equipped with a water seal.

Their specificity is that here a change in the flow level is created in reverse direction He doesn't go down, he goes up.

This is achieved through a special chamber, where effluents are pre-accumulated.

A similar scheme is used in those sections of the network in which it is possible for ingress or production of explosive and flammable substances.

The water valve prevents the fire from spreading back in an emergency.

The installation of a differential well in the form of a fast current can also be used in an individual sewerage system, if there is no certainty that the flow volumes will be sufficient for self-cleaning of the pipeline.

Part 2. Well equipment

Everyone is familiar with the picture: an uncle with a grubby face sticking out of the hatch with a shifted lid, who is repairing something there.

And until now, if you ask any post-Soviet person what a sewage well is made of, in 99% of cases he will answer: "From concrete."

And in most cases it will be right, since until now the bulk of these structures on the main pipelines of drainage systems are made in accordance with SNiP, from reinforced concrete rings, less often - cubes, or assembled from slabs.

Modern polymer systems, in many respects superior to their hard stone predecessors, are just beginning to enter the domestic market.

However, for all its shortcomings, the traditional ring, apparently, will remain a symbol of the sewer well for a long time to come.

1. Well made of reinforced concrete elements

SNiP, which regulates the creation of sewer networks, including wells on them, was written at a time when large structures made of polymers, and even high strength have not thought about it yet.

It was also carried out exclusively by the manual method - from where the uncles appeared in the hatches.

Their task was to push the cleaning wire towards the blockage while the assistants at the top rotated the other end of it.

In order for a person to go down inside and work, the following standards were provided: the minimum size of the well was allowed to be 700 mm.

Round slabs are also produced in the same size - the base and the ceiling with a hole for the hatch (Ø 700 mm).

As a result, a standard reinforced concrete well consists of the following elements:

• Round or rectangular base
• Rings
• Cover with hatch hole
• Manhole cover (cast iron, in recent times - it is polymer)

The round plan form was adopted as it optimally resists the pressure of the surrounding soil.

Since it is impossible to predict the place of use in advance, both rings and base plates are produced absolutely even, only with embedded parts (loops) for installation.

In the lower ring, during installation, it is necessary to punch holes at the entry points of pipelines, and on the slab - to arrange a tray of the appropriate shape from concrete or cement.

This design is also used in manholes of all types, and in differential ones - with a device corresponding to the type of structures.

At the same time, the height of the well is gained due to several rings - standard and additional. Before installing the next ring, you have to remove the mounting loops of the previous one.

In this case, all structural elements, including the base and ceiling, as well as the pipeline inlets, are sealed with cement.

It is clear that the waterproofing of sewer wells arranged in this way leaves much to be desired.

As a result: wastewater pollute the soil, and groundwater - contribute to the overflow of the sewer.

2. Polymer wells

A completely different degree of freedom was given to designers of sewer networks by wells made of modern plastics.

The development of technology also had its say: modern mobile complexes can serve hundreds of meters of sewer pipelines without descending a person underground.

This made it possible significant reduction product sizes.

Where previously it was necessary to use meter-long, at least 70-centimeter rings, now you can install a compact plastic device up to Ø300 mm.

Polymer products are also distinguished by their low weight and the ability to clearly adjust the size to the needs of a particular highway.

Classification of plastic wells

By access:

• Serviced (with personnel access, f from 1000 mm)
• Without access (served from above, f less than 1000 mm)

According to the material of the mine:

• Smooth single wall
• Smooth double wall
• Corrugated single wall
• Corrugated double wall
• Combined

A telescopic (retractable) design of a sewer well made of a smooth-walled pipe is possible, a corrugated pipe has this property by default.

Basically, polymer wells are made separately - the shaft pipe is completed with the necessary types of neck and tray part, where the corresponding piping is made.

But recently, trayless models have also appeared, in particular, those designed for direct-flow wells.

It should be noted that both inspection and overflow sewer wells are made of plastic, but in the latter case, more complex design solutions are used. Polymer products provide almost 100% waterproofing of the mine.

In the event that there is no centralized water supply in the suburban area, the only way out of the situation is to create a well with your own hands. Before starting construction, it is worth taking into account that the well in the country house will be filled with water due to the intake of groundwater. And for this, its location should be at least 28-30 m from polluted sources, such as a cesspool, a landfill.

Types of wells

The most suitable time of the year to build a well will be late autumn. During this period, ground flows flow to a low level of depth, which allows you to freely build a mine. Before proceeding with the construction, it is worth deciding what type of well will be on the territory. At the same time, it is necessary to carefully study the technologies that explain how to make a well in the country.

A well or well for a private house can be of the following types:

• wooden;

  with a decorative house;

  concreted;

  from reinforced concrete rings;

  from stone or brick.

Drilling well

A drilling well in a country house is created in an area where underground flows flow at a high level. The work is carried out by drilling wells. The drill bit is embedded in the soil and with rotational movements they dig a hole of the desired width.

Choosing this kind of method, the well as a result has a great depth and a narrow neck. What kind of this building has, you can see in the photo.

Pipes made of metal and asbestos with a diameter of at least 15 cm are mounted inside the structure. A cover is installed on top of the well as a protection against debris and a water lifting device, which can be clearly seen in the photo examples. Such structures can be below 20 m in depth.

Mine type wells

A well according to the type of mine can be built if there are no stony rocks on the site, in the presence of which the drilling method is not used. A well in the form of a shaft is dug in a simple way, in which the earth is removed from the pit with one's own hand using a bucket. The depth of construction should be no more than 20-25 m, and the deeper the mine, the lower the risk of water contamination with harmful bacteria. A well in the country with a minimum depth can be created with your own hands using:

• bucket for cleaning the pit.

If it is decided to create a deep well, this will require the help of special equipment. The bottom of the pit is equipped with crushed stone 50 cm high for water filtration. For the durability of the structure, it is required to equip the walls with asbestos. Photo examples of earthworks will help you figure out how to properly organize the work on arranging such a well.

Wooden structure

To create a wooden well, wooden beams 10-15 cm wide or thick panels are suitable. At the first stage of creation, it is required to dig a shaft corresponding to the height of the beam, after which the finished material is installed inside.

A dig is made under the log house with a gradual deepening for the next beam. How it looks right, you can see by looking at the photo examples. The frame is installed on top of each other, bringing it to the desired height. For strength, the structure is fastened with boards vertically.

decorative houses

They have a decorative function. Their main purpose is to close the well pit. A house is selected taking into account the decorative elements that are on the landscape of the territory. Inside the house, you can install a pump to raise water to the surface. You can get acquainted with the decorative element in the photo examples.

concreting

A metal formwork is mounted in a shaft dug in advance, followed by pouring it with cement. Small fractions of bitumen or pebbles can be added to the solution.

Three days later, after the first layer has dried, you can start pouring the second base. Carrying out the work in stages, the well will be strong and durable.

Reinforced concrete rings

Using reinforced concrete structures, you can create a well of various depths and any diameter. The work begins with the preparation of a pit at the level of two rings, which are accurately installed on top of each other, and how this happens can be seen in the photo examples.

For strength, the rings are connected with metal reinforcement. The alternate deepening of the shaft is carried out thanks to the digging from the bottom of the rings and making room for the third row of the structure. The next stage is based on cementing the gaps between the rings and equipping the bottom. The shaft is filled with gravel to a height of 50 cm. At the next stage, a cover and a decorative canopy are installed.

Near such a well, it is necessary to dig a trench of 1 meter and fill it with clay. This action is necessary to protect well water from the ingress of fine litter and soil particles.

brick and stone

The walls inside the structure can be equipped with bricks or small stones, but only in the case of a finished mine with a digging of the required size. This kind of well cannot be deeper than 7 meters.

Wall decoration with brick and stone can be used if the territory of the private sector contains clay or loamy soil.

When creating masonry at the bottom of the shaft, it is necessary to add less liquid to the cement, and for the upper part, a standard mix solution can be used.

So that the country well does not spoil the appearance of the landscape, it should be decorated. You can build a well in the country in the form of a wooden crane, arrange a hinged roof in the Moroccan style, decorate the hinged support with carvings or ornamental painting. Any fantasy can be realized, even the one you once saw in a photo in a book or on the Internet.

The same amount of time is allotted to create a well or well. However, for any type of construction, preliminary preparation of work is required, taking into account the level of groundwater passage, selecting a photo of the future well and determining the correct location for the structure.