Do I need to seal the sewer rings. Reasons for waterproofing concrete rings

Any hydraulic structure requires maximum protection against possible leaks, ingress of groundwater, solid soil particles and small debris.

In particular, this applies to sewer and drinking concrete wells, the main problem of which is low sealing of joints. Waterproofing a well from concrete rings allows you to solve the problem, both at the beginning of the construction of the reservoir, and during its operation.

The need for waterproofing

By purpose, wells are conditionally divided into three types: drinking, sewer and technical. Each of them requires reliable protection from the negative impact of external factors - from groundwater, dirty drains, atmospheric pressure drops, freezing of a concrete tank.

The impact of groundwater and soil subsidence leads to the destruction of the structure of the drinking well, as a result of which small particles of sand, clay, salt, chemical compounds, oil products and organic residues enter the tank. Sealing the seams in the well ensures the protection of the concrete structure and the preservation of potable water in a form suitable for consumption.

Waterproofing of sewer wells is aimed at timely protection of underground water sources from sewage and fecal pollution, which can seep through a leaky reservoir design.

Wells for technical needs are equipped with taps and connecting elements of communications, so the lack of water is the main requirement for structures of this type.

Important! Sealing of joints is carried out for all reinforced concrete structures of wells erected on various types of soil.

The lack of high-quality waterproofing of the well can cause the formation of fungal deposits on the inner walls of the structure, which can lead to the complete or partial destruction of concrete rings. The consequence of insufficient sealing is an expensive repair of one or more structural elements.

Types of waterproofing wells

Concrete drinking and sewer wells equally require reliable protection from the negative effects of external factors. For this, three types of waterproofing of the well are provided:

• external;
• internal;
• seam sealing.

According to the requirements of SNIP, waterproofing of wells includes the following work:

• installation of concrete elements;
• sealing of the structure;
• the use of modern waterproofing materials and antiseptic compounds to protect the inner surface of the walls of the structure;
• external waterproofing of the seams of the well;
• gluing waterproofing of the bottom of the structure.

Waterproofing of a drinking and sewer well, carried out in accordance with established requirements, will protect the aquifer and soil from pollution, and the structure of the structure from possible destruction and deformation.

Types of materials for waterproofing

For external and internal waterproofing of hydraulic structures, special protective materials are used.

Waterproofing the well from the inside and outside is carried out:

• two-component compositions;
• roll materials;
• bitumen-polymer mastics;
• coating mixtures;
• membrane materials;
• mixtures on a binder mineral basis

Two-component formulations

The sealing of the seams in the well with two-component waterproofing is carried out only from the outside of the structure. The material is presented in the form of a spray, which is applied to the seam using a special sprayer. The two-component composition provides effective treatment of the entire surface of the rings, even in the most inaccessible places.

Such materials are non-toxic, practical, durable and easy to use.

Roll materials

Reliable waterproofing of wells in wet soils is possible using rolled materials of high strength. They are intended for outdoor work. Gluing waterproofing of this type is able to provide high-quality protection to the external walls of the structure from the penetration of groundwater.

Roll pasting waterproofing consists of a canvas, a moisture-repellent layer of petroleum products, a protective foil and an impregnating agent. Repair using rolled materials provides full access to concrete rings from all sides of the structure.

Mastics on a bitumen-polymer basis

Wear-resistant mastics are successfully used to isolate hydraulic structures of any complexity. Mastics, which include polymers and bitumen, have high performance characteristics.

Bituminous adhesive waterproofing is resistant to temperature extremes and high moisture, withstands the ultimate load of groundwater. Sealing the seams between the rings of the well with bitumen-polymer mastics will reliably protect the structure from the negative effects of external factors.

Coating mixtures

This category includes products that are designed to protect drinking and sewer wells from concrete rings from high moisture. In order to qualitatively seal the joints in the rings with your own hands, you need to properly prepare the coating mixture. The calculation of the required amount of material is carried out according to the instructions from the manufacturer. The finished mixture is applied with a spatula to the seams and damaged areas in a thin layer.

The main advantages of the material: low cost, ease of application, fast curing, creation of a durable protective layer.

Waterproofing a drinking well involves the use of such products without prior surface preparation.

Membrane materials

Modern polymer-based membrane materials with limited water resistance are becoming increasingly popular. Waterproofing of sewage wells and other structures with membranes is effective only in combination with polymer-bitumen mastics.

The only disadvantage of polymer membranes is their susceptibility to mechanical damage to the film base, which leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of waterproofing protection as a whole.

Mixtures on a binder mineral basis

How to seal the seams in the well with your own hands in the presence of small cracks and minor damage? For these purposes, you can use special mixtures, which include an astringent mineral component. It reliably fills existing voids in concrete and between individual structural elements, thereby providing high protection against moisture penetration.

Mixtures are applied to the treated surface with special equipment under high pressure. A similar method of insulation can be used on the inside and outside of the well.

If it is required to close up a leak inside the structure, how to cover up the seams in the well in this case? To do this, it is recommended to treat the shaft with a polymer membrane or water-repellent paint.

Technology for waterproofing the construction of a concrete well

Do-it-yourself isolation of a well from concrete rings provides for external and internal processing of joints and the entire surface of the structure. Repair is carried out in several stages with full observance of technology.

Tools:

To perform waterproofing work, you will need the following tools:

• strobe tool;
• Lantern;
• brush with a metal base;
• putty knife;
• brush for liquid materials;
• spray

Cleaning joints in concrete rings

At the initial stage, the joints are deepened by gating. To do this, U-shaped cuts are made with a section of 25 × 25 mm. This will ensure better adhesion of the protective compounds to the treated base.

Prepared areas are cleaned from dust, dirt and debris with a metal brush. At the end of the work, the joints are thoroughly washed with water.

Surface preparation

Quality repair depends on the level of adhesion of the concrete surface. At this stage, a thorough cleaning of the base from chemical deposits, cement deposits and other contaminants is carried out. Such factors lead to a decrease in the effectiveness of the waterproofing of concrete rings.

Important! The loose surface is cleaned until a solid base is obtained. If a reinforcing frame is exposed during grinding of concrete, it should be carefully treated with an anti-corrosion agent.

Applying waterproofing to joints

At this stage, the joints are wetted before being treated with a deep penetration primer. After the primer layer has dried, the strobe channels are treated with coating materials (layer thickness - 30 mm). Protective insulating compounds are applied to the surface in 2-3 layers.

When insulating the well structure at the construction stage, the joints are carefully glued with a water-repellent tape. At the sites for supplying engineering networks, processing is carried out with compounds intended for such work. At each stage, the tightness of the joints of concrete rings is checked from the inside and outside. They should not have voids, cracks or other damage.

Applying insulation to the surface of concrete rings

The last stage in sealing the wells is the treatment of the entire surface of the concrete rings from the inside. The walls of the structure are carefully primed and treated with polymer mastic in 2-3 layers. Each subsequent layer is applied only after the previous one has completely set.

Particular attention should be paid to sealing the joints at the junction of the bottom base and the first concrete ring. High-quality waterproofing repair of the base will prevent possible leaks and protect groundwater from chemical and biological pollution.

External protection of the structure

The processing of walls from the outside involves the use of rolled waterproofing materials or two-component compositions. Such a procedure will effectively prevent a possible or existing leak in the well. External insulation of wells is carried out after complete processing of internal and external joints.

High-quality insulation of sewer and drinking wells will increase the service life of structures, protect against damage and deformation, and also simplify their maintenance.

Underground concrete structures protect against the chemical and biological effects of effluents. This significantly increases the service life of the septic tank, eliminates the threat of contamination of groundwater with sewage. Reliable sealing will not allow soil and melt water to enter the treatment chamber, which interfere with the normal operation of the septic tank.

The septic tank is protected from the impact on concrete from the outside of soil water, from the inside - drains, waterproofing. No matter how perfect and ultra-modern it may be, without sealing the seams, the reinforced concrete structure will not fulfill its purpose, it is threatened with imminent destruction. Groundwater enters the well, which interferes with the normal functioning of the system. The process is interconnected - unfiltered effluents infect the surrounding soil and groundwater.

Technologies and types of materials for sealing rings

It is better to create a hermetic connection of circles at the stage of building a septic tank. A gasket is installed between them, which cushions and waterproofs the structure. Plastic materials maintain the tightness of the structure even when the rings are displaced.

There are plenty of materials for sealing the septic tank: the photo shows one of the possible options

There are high quality modern materials:

• sealing tape, such as Rubber Elast;
• armcloth type Fibertec - requires UV irradiation before use;
• rubber gaskets with bentonite clay granules.

The last item deserves special attention. The granules included in the composition, upon contact with water, increase in volume up to 400%, completely cover all gaps. This gasket is also laid between the first circle and the foundation.

If sealing was not carried out during construction, there are methods to do this later:

Sealing joints with plaster mixtures

The most commonly used special formulations. Narrow slots are shtrobat, the prepared solution is pressed with a spatula. The plaster is applied until the mixture fills the gap, after which it is leveled. It is undesirable to use a conventional solution of sand and cement - this is a material similar to rings, which will crack and leak without additional protection.

Polymer cement mortars reliably seal the seams between the concrete rings of the septic tank

Hydroseals

This is a modern material with additives that provide plasticity and the fastest possible hardening. It is represented on the construction market by various manufacturers:

Name	Composition	Peculiarities	Application conditions	Price for 25 kg	Consumption
penecrete	Cement, quartz sand, chemical additives	Eliminates, prevents water seepage, increased adhesion	Temperature not lower than +5°, use the solution within 0.5 hours, apply on a damp surface	225 r.	1.4 kg/r.m
water plug	Special cement with quartz sand	Freezes in 3 minutes	Temperature above 5°, keep the treated surface moist for 24 hours	150 r.	1.9 kg / dm 2
Peneplug	Aluminum cement and quartz sand	Sets in 40 seconds, eliminates leaks	Temperature +5° and above, maintain humidity for 3 days	290 r.	1.9 kg / dm 2
Megacret-40	Cement with polymers, fiber reinforced	Achieved strength in 24 hours, for particularly demanding work	Thoroughly cleaned surface, moisten for 2 days	2300	17.5 kg/m 2 with a layer thickness of 2 cm

Hydraulic seals set quickly, they can not only seal the seams, but also eliminate the leakage. When using, it is important to adhere to all recommendations of the manufacturer.

Technology of use

The application is simple, but it is necessary to adhere to important conditions:

• a very narrow gap is expanded and cleaned of pieces of concrete;
• the mixture is prepared in small portions;
• work is carried out as quickly as possible.

The advantage of a hydroseal over a cement-sand mixture is also that it is not necessary to dry the surface, which is difficult to do when repairing a septic tank that has already been used.

If the task is to seal the joint along the entire length, there is a desire to immediately prepare the right amount of mortar. This is by no means done. A person manages to use quite a bit of the mixture, the rest quickly hardens.

Advice. The work front is divided into small sections, they work sequentially.

Homemade hydroseal

When it comes to a small area or sealing a crack, the use of a hydraulic seal is the most effective option. Sewing large areas is time consuming. Experts believe that you can make a hydroseal with your own hands.

Use fine-grained sand and ordinary cement in a ratio of 1:2. The mixture is stirred and dry rubbed with a spatula into the cracks, cracks. They are pre-expanded and cleaned. Then they are covered with sheet iron, fixed with a support. After 3 days, liquid glass is applied to the cork. The method is suitable for sealing dry joints.

Other means

If you need to urgently eliminate the leak between the concrete rings, use linen tow, hemp or jute, which are impregnated with fibrorubber. The material is sold in stores that specialize in waterproofing pools. Sealing inserts allow you to seal gaps up to one centimeter. This is a temporary measure, then sealing is carried out with more reliable materials.

Sealing gaskets temporarily solve the problem of sealing joints between concrete rings

It is not always possible to buy seals, especially in small towns. But almost every hardware store has liquid glass. First, cement is mixed with sand in equal proportions, then the same part of liquid glass is added. Use the solution immediately, because after a minute it will become solid.

Waterproofing the inner surface of the rings

By sealing the joints, they achieve the tightness of the structure, but there is a threat that, under the influence of sewage, the concrete will collapse after some time. Joints are also a weak point, especially if they are sealed with cement and sand.

Important! It is required to protect the entire surface from the chemical and biological effects of effluents on the material.

The work is carried out in several stages:

• clean the surface;
• primed;
• apply mask.

Dirt on the surface impairs adhesion, so the concrete is cleaned before the start of the main work. Close up all cracks, defects, not disregarding small ones. For repair use sealants or putty.

Next, they proceed to priming the surface with bitumen dissolved in diesel fuel, using a brush or roller. The coating is two-layer, the second is done after the first has completely dried. After a day, when the soil is absorbed into the concrete, work continues.

The protective layer is a mastic, of which there are enough varieties on sale. The container with it is opened immediately before use. Prepare for use by stirring with an electric drill with a mixer attachment. If necessary, add a solvent, the brand of which is indicated in the instructions. Cover the surface with a brush.

When the mastic dries, cracks are noticeable. The task that stands when applying the second layer is to cover them up, but the surface is completely covered. If necessary, apply another layer so that the protection becomes flawless. Allow time between operations to allow the mastic to dry.

plastic cylinders

Sometimes the wear of the rings is so significant that neither the sealing of the joints nor the protective layer on the surface helps. Until the structure is completely destroyed, plastic inserts are installed inside.

“This does not exclude that the seams should be sealed and the walls waterproofed first, otherwise the inserts will help for a short time.”

V.P. Denega, CTO of SepticEco

Plastic inserts radically solve the problem of sealing, but are rarely used due to the high cost.

The material used for the cylinders is high-strength polymers with a wall thickness of 5–8 mm. They are similar to a large diameter corrugated pipe due to the finning of the outer walls. These rings increase rigidity, allow you to increase the structure to any size. The latter feature does not play a role in sealing the septic tank. The liners, on the contrary, have to be cut, since their height is 4.5 m.

The industry produces polymer liners in sizes that correspond to the diameter of the rings. The option is ideal for use, but has not received distribution - buyers are stopped by a high price.

Answers on questions

Question number 1. Can foam be used as a sealant?

In principle, yes, but only together with other materials. By itself, the foam will quickly collapse. The rings are planted on the Henkel hydroisol or cement mortar with penetron. Good sealing is obtained from a mixture of cement and liquid glass. Foam is applied on top, after polymerization, cut off the excess. Then 2-3 layers of rubber-bitumen mastic, but there is little point in such an operation: you can do without foam.

Concrete rings, due to their low cost and ease of installation, have become very popular in the construction of cleaning and sewage systems. Rings are used in the construction of collectors, septic tanks, pipelines, all kinds of wells (for drinking water, drainage, receiving, inspection, etc.). Concrete rings have a number of advantages and features:

• Durability - service life reaches several tens of years;
• High rates of strength and frost resistance make it possible to withstand heavy loads;
• Low cost makes concrete rings available to a wide range of customers;
• High speed and manufacturability of the installation.

At the same time, one should not forget that for the safe and reliable operation of concrete rings, it is necessary to perform their waterproofing.

Reasons for waterproofing concrete rings

All concrete structures buried in the ground need reliable protection from moisture and other aggressive environmental factors. Waterproofing a well with drinking water can protect water from harmful substances penetrating along with groundwater and, on the contrary, waterproofing sewer wells will protect the soil from sewage.

The reason for the waterproofing device is many factors:

1. Corrosion of reinforcement of reinforced concrete rings, which leads to a decrease in the bearing capacity of the structure.
2. The destruction of concrete, as a result of which the structure will last several times less than the prescribed period.
3. Erosion and destruction of the joints of concrete rings can become a threat to the infiltration of sewage and pollution into the surrounding soil.
4. Ground water will cause premature filling of the structure, since concrete without waterproofing is able to pass water.

Thus, properly executed waterproofing of concrete rings will significantly extend their service life, but at the same time, for their protection, it is necessary to choose not only effective, but also safe materials, since such structures can directly interact with drinking water.

Methods for waterproofing wells made of concrete rings

Work on the protection and waterproofing of wells from concrete rings can be divided into two main methods:

• External waterproofing device;
• Internal waterproofing device.

External waterproofing is recommended to be performed at the stage of installation of concrete rings, when the concrete surfaces are still clean and dry. Internal waterproofing is the best option for protecting existing and operating structures.

The device of external waterproofing for existing structures is impractical and very time-consuming, and often simply impossible process, since a significant amount of earthworks will have to be performed.

At the same time, both of these types of waterproofing can be performed simultaneously, which will maximize the protection of both the structure and the soil from pollution.

Types of waterproofing materials used

The most commonly used materials for waterproofing concrete rings include:

1. Roll materials are bitumen-polymer mastics applied on a fabric base, used for pasting waterproofing.
2. Coating compositions are bituminous mixtures and mastics that create a thin waterproof layer when applied.
3. Sprayed compositions are bitumen-polymer materials applied by spraying using special equipment.
4. Penetrating compounds are specialized materials that form insoluble crystalline hydrates in the thickness of the concrete, making the concrete absolutely waterproof.

Bitumen-based waterproofing materials are not very durable, as they do not tolerate sub-zero temperatures and large temperature fluctuations. At the same time, it is better to use them when installing external waterproofing.

The use of penetrating compounds will provide durable waterproofing - for the entire service life of the structure, and their use is equally effective both from the outside and from the inside of the structure, regardless of the direction of water pressure.

Waterproofing materials of the Penetron system - a comprehensive solution for waterproofing concrete rings

The Penetron system of penetrating waterproofing materials offers a comprehensive solution for waterproofing concrete rings:

1. Waterproofing of static joints and joints of concrete rings

For waterproofing static cracks, seams, joints and junctions of concrete rings, a non-shrinking sealing material "Penecrit" is used. This material creates a reliable waterproofing of the joint of two rings, turning it into a single monolithic structure.

2. Waterproofing of moving seams and joints of concrete rings

For the waterproofing of moving joints, joints and junctions of concrete rings, the system of materials "Peneband C" is used, consisting of:

Elastic waterproof membrane "Peneband C";

Two-component epoxy adhesive "Penepoxy 2K".

3. Ensuring water tightness of concrete rings

For waterproofing and ensuring water tightness of concrete rings, penetron waterproofing material is used. After processing the concrete ring with the Penetron material, the chemically active part of the material penetrates deep into the concrete body, forming a network of insoluble crystalline hydrates, which become an integral part of the concrete structure and prevent water filtration even in the presence of high hydrostatic pressure.
Such a comprehensive solution to the problem of waterproofing concrete rings using the system of penetrating waterproofing materials "Penetron" allows you to create a reliable and durable waterproofing of wells from concrete rings, both at the stage of their installation and during the operation of the well.

In conclusion, it is necessary to note one more advantage of using materials of the Penetron system, in addition to the technical ones already mentioned - an economic advantage. Consumption of waterproofing material penetrating action "Penetron" when applied in two layers on concrete rings does not exceed 1 kg per 1 sq.m.

Thus, the cost of waterproofing concrete rings "by material" does not exceed the price of the "Penetron" material for 1 kg - 290 rubles. This distinguishes the Penetron system from “traditional” waterproofing, since when using “traditional” bitumen-based waterproofing materials, it is necessary to lay them in 2 or even 3 layers, plus mandatory preliminary priming with bituminous mastic. As a result, the cost of such waterproofing " by material "significantly exceeds the cost of the material" Penetron "

Wells are a source of drinking water. They are also associated with the arrangement of sewers. In both cases, high-quality waterproofing of the well is required. It is performed using various special mixtures, compositions.

Wells can be subdivided depending on the functions they perform:

• ordinary, their walls are destroyed over time under the influence of groundwater, due to which sand particles, chemicals, oil products, sewage, etc., can get inside, after which the water becomes polluted and can no longer be considered drinking water;
• septic tanks, the contents of which should not enter the groundwater, no sewage system is built without them;
• technical (they contain taps, pipes, branchings, etc.), where there should be no water so that the entire structure remains serviceable and a minimum level of humidity is maintained inside.

Features of waterproofing

When wells have been in operation for a long time, cracks can form in its walls. Moisture begins to penetrate through them. Water can also seep through the joints between the rings.

To avoid such problems, it is necessary to perform high-quality waterproofing of wells, which involves the following technological processes:

• finishing of seams formed by adjacent rings;
• processing of microcracks and all surfaces of rings.

Well insulation includes two types of work:

• external (labor-intensive, but effective);
• internal.

First, the joints and seams are sealed. To ensure the construction of a long service life, it is necessary to waterproof the wells from the inside, as well as from the outside. To avoid the penetration of water through the joints, it is recommended to use modern compositions and mixtures. If constantly incoming water interferes with the work, then it should be drained or pumped out.

You can prepare the mixture yourself by mixing PVA glue with cement. The composition must have such a concentration that it is well taken with a spatula. For the first layer, it is more convenient to use a liquid mixture that is easy to apply with a brush. Waterproofing the seams of the well can be done with geotextiles, which are very tightly plugged joints. And on top they are covered with liquid glass.

The surface of the rings becomes loose where water seeps through. This layer of concrete must be carefully removed and the wall cleaned with an iron brush. Inter-ring seams and places around the junction of communications should be punched and cleaned. It is also required to prepare the surface conjugated with the seam to a width of up to 150 mm. If as a result the reinforcement is exposed, then it is necessary to evaluate it. If rust appears, then it must be removed, and the metal should be treated with an anti-corrosion mixture.

When waterproofing a well is carried out in order to eliminate a pressure leak, a cement mortar (or a special composition) is used. Sealing of joints is carried out after wetting the concrete surface with water. It fits tightly with a spatula into strobes no more than 30 mm thick (or make several passes). You can reduce the consumption of the composition by adding fine crushed stone to the mixture (up to 50% of the total volume of the solution). Waterproofing of wells in wet soils is carried out 0.5 m above the calculated level of passage of upstream waters, taking into account their capillary rise.

Water filtration through walls can be prevented by treating the ring with a protective composition in 2 layers (the specific number is indicated by the manufacturer on the package). First, the surface must be cleaned and moistened (it is best to use a sprayer). Then apply the composition with a brush or using a mortar pump. The second layer is superimposed on a slightly set and moistened first.

The waterproofing layer is finally formed in 3 days. During this time, the surface must not be subjected to mechanical damage, as well as low temperatures. First (for 2 weeks) the waterproofing should be constantly moistened to prevent cracking. To prevent evaporation of moisture, the container must be covered with a special film. After the sealing of the seams in the well is completed, it is necessary to analyze the water and make sure that it is clean and not hazardous to health.

Waterproofing of septic tanks

When arranging sewer wells, reinforced concrete rings are used that are laid to the required depth. In septic tanks, high-quality waterproofing does not allow drains to seep into the ground. Sealing prevents groundwater from entering the tank.

It is necessary to ensure that the waterproofing of sewer wells guarantees the absolute tightness of the structure (when the volume of wastewater exceeds 1m³). If the capacity is smaller, then it is possible to equip a septic tank, from which sewage enters the ground through the filter bottom.

When drains contain detergents or other chemical compounds, it is allowed to build exclusively hermetic structures.

If there is a well with drinking water on the plots, then it is recommended that the option of sewer wells with a filtering bottom not be considered at all.

The entire surface from the inside must be covered with some kind of sealed composition. Today there are the following materials:

• dry;
• containing epoxy resins resistant to aggressive compounds (gasoline, chemicals);
• liquid two-component.

Outdoor waterproofing

Reliable external waterproofing of the well prevents the negative impact of groundwater on the walls of the structure. It is more convenient to carry out such work during the construction of the well.

If an existing water source is being repaired, then soil is excavated around it 3-4 m deep. Next, the following work is carried out:

• loose concrete is removed;
• the surface of the walls is cleaned of everything superfluous (dirt, salt deposits, mold, moss, etc.);
• rust is removed from the bare fittings, the metal is coated with an anti-corrosion agent.

External waterproofing of the well can be performed using the following materials:

• rolled (roofing material) are superimposed on special mastics;
• cement mortar, with which damage is repaired, and a blind area is constructed;
• penetrating compounds;
• waterproof expanding (or non-shrinking) cement, which is used for shotcrete.

When sealing with roll materials, the following actions are performed:

• to ensure the desired adhesion, a primer is applied, 3 layers of bitumen-gasoline mixture can be applied (for this, a cement gun or a sprayer is used);
• after drying, the walls are repaired (damages are repaired), cement mortar can be used for this, but it is better to mix it with PVA;
• the patches dry out;
• the surface is primed again;
• the walls are covered with a coating material (tar or bituminous mastic), 3-4 layers of a waterproofing agent are applied on top;
• seams are smeared with mastic.

If impregnation is used, then a number of operations are performed:

• the moistened surface of the walls is lubricated with a deep penetration mixture;
• later, the impregnation is applied a second time;
• after 72 hours the layer dries up so that the surface does not crack, it should be moistened.

Sealing of sewer wells is performed in a similar way.

When shotcreting the walls of the well, the following sequence of actions is performed:

• a layer of cement (thickness 5-7 mm) is applied using a gun;
• after 10-12 days the solution will seize;
• the coating must be moistened so that it cracks;
• the 2nd layer is applied.

External waterproofing of the well is carried out to the very top. The space around the tank is filled with sand mixed with gravel and compacted. A cement pavement is made from above. It is recommended to equip a clay "castle" around the structure, which removes precipitation.

When arranging the container around the rings, a trench (about 50 cm wide) should be left, which must later be filled with clay. A slope must be formed above the ground so that precipitation flows off the structure. The upper rings hold back high groundwater. The above-ground layer protects the container from precipitation.

Waterproofing from the inside

For carrying out internal waterproofing using a modern method, a special environmentally friendly complex is used, which does not affect the taste of drinking water. In this case, the following materials are used:

• two-component coating mixture;
• a solution consisting of cement and polymer modifiers, with which damage is repaired, it has good adhesion;
• cement instantly hardening composition, "hydraulic plug" for heavily leaking places.

Before performing waterproofing inside an existing well, it is necessary to pump water out of it. After that, you should identify the damaged areas and perform the following actions:

• walls are cleaned of loose concrete, moss and dirt;
• cracks are cut to a depth of 20-25 mm and processed with a metal brush;
• seams expand and deepen up to 25-30 mm;
• if water has flowed, then immediately it is necessary to close it with a “hydraulic plug”;
• cleaned cracks, seams are sealed with repair mortar;
• when the patches have set, a coating insulation is applied to the pre-moistened surface with a brush, which is diluted to the desired consistency in accordance with the instructions;
• the mixture is applied in 2 layers from the bottom up, the walls are smeared again after the first has dried, complete solidification occurs in a day.

If you properly waterproof the well, then it will serve faithfully for many years.

• How is the waterproofing of the well outside?
  • Waterproofing wells from the outside: sequence of actions
    • Method using rolled waterproofing materials
    • Method using impregnation and gunning of well walls
    • How to make waterproofing of sewer wells from the inside?
    • How to seal the bottom of the well with your own hands?

Some believe that only a cover will be enough to protect the well, which can cover it from precipitation. You should know that this is not the case. If the well does not have good waterproofing, after a while it may begin to shallow, and the water in it will become undrinkable.

Well waterproofing can be of two types:

1. External insulation - it is difficult to perform, but it is the most effective.
2. Internal insulation.

If you simultaneously perform waterproofing inside and outside, then it will be possible to protect the well for a long period and get clean drinking water.

How is the waterproofing of the well outside?

Such insulation is needed in order to minimize or completely eliminate the impact of groundwater on the walls of the structure.

This work is recommended to be done at the stage of construction of wells. If waterproofing is carried out later, a large amount of earthwork will need to be done in order to be able to get to the walls. However, it happens that it is cheaper to repair an existing well than to build a new one.

For waterproofing the sewer, the following materials will be needed:

1. Most often, materials in rolls on a bitumen basis and mastics, which are intended for them, are used for external insulation. In this case, penetrating waterproofing materials or an expanding cement mixture that does not allow water to pass through can also be used. If cement is used, then you will need to purchase a cement gun.
2. A solution of cement in order to be able to repair damage to the base and make a blind area around the structure.
3. Purified clay and sand with large grains will be needed in order to create a good rain castle.

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Waterproofing wells from the outside: sequence of actions

1. If the well is used, its outer walls must be released to the maximum depth (more than 4 m).
2. Loose concrete mortar will need to be removed with a jackhammer.
3. The outer base must be well washed and cleaned of dirt, salt deposits, etc. To do this, you can use any tools - spatulas, metal brushes. After the surface is completely dry, it must be subjected to control cleaning and dust removal.
4. If, after removal of the damaged concrete mixture, reinforcement is exposed, it will be necessary to remove the corrosion and coat the metal with anti-corrosion agents.

There are several ways to waterproof a sewer.

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Method using rolled waterproofing materials

1. It will be necessary to apply a primer so that it is possible to obtain the necessary adhesion of materials intended for waterproofing the walls of the structure. A primer of the concrete contact type is best suited. You can also use a solution of bitumen and gasoline. Such a solution will need to be applied with a sprayer.
2. After the primer dries, you can start repairing the walls, sealing large cavities, potholes. At this stage, you need to make an even base. To do this, you can use an ordinary cement mortar, but it will take a long time to dry. It is recommended to use a mixture of sand and cement with PVA glue. After the solution has hardened, the surface will need to be treated again with a primer.
3. On the walls you will need to apply a coating material - tar or bituminous mastic, on which later you need to stick roofing material in 3-4 layers. The seams also need to be smeared with mastic.

Bitumen-based mastic often cracks, so it is not recommended to use it.

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Method using impregnation and gunning of well walls

1. The surface of the walls is moistened, after which it is smeared with a deep penetration waterproofing composition.
2. Next, impregnation is applied, after which the surface is left for 3 days.
3. So that the composition does not begin to crack during the drying process, it will be necessary to moisten it and prevent mechanical influences.

The method of shotcreting the walls of the well is as follows:

1. Using a gun, you will need to apply a cement layer 6-7 mm thick.
2. Next, you need to wait 11-12 days for the layer to set.
3. The cement coating must be protected from cracking, so it should be watered every 4 hours in hot weather and every 13-14 hours in cold weather.
4. The second layer is applied.

External waterproofing of the well is carried out up to the upper edge of the structure.

Experienced builders advise making a clay castle around the well, which will divert water from precipitation from the outer base of the walls. A diagram of such a shutter is shown in Fig. one.

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How to make waterproofing of sewer wells from the inside?

If external waterproofing cannot be done, internal insulation must be done.

You will need the following materials:

1. Elastic mixture of polymer and cement, which is applied by coating.
2. Fast drying cement mortar. It will need to be used as a hydraulic plug in places where there are active leaks.

The technology for performing work is as follows:

Figure 1. The device of the clay castle of the well.

1. It is necessary to pump out water from a functioning well so that the lower joint is exposed. In the process of work, you will need to ensure that the water level does not rise.
2. Next, the base is prepared: weak spots, mud deposits and areas of damaged concrete mix are identified.
3. Damage is cleaned up to “healthy” concrete. The cracks must be cut at an angle to a depth of 23-25 ​​mm and cleaned with a stiff metal brush.
4. The joints of the rings must be embroidered to a depth of 28-30 mm. If a leak begins during the gating process, it should be immediately closed with a hydraulic plug.
5. The entire base is cleaned of mud deposits. All potholes and other defects must be repaired with a cement mixture to get an even base. Further work is carried out after the mixture has completely solidified.
6. After the cement mixture hardens, the sewer wells are waterproofed using coating materials. To do this, the base of the walls is wetted.
7. From the bottom up, an insulating composition is applied in several layers. The walls are processed with another layer only after the first layer has completely dried. The composition will harden for approximately 24 hours.

If you have built a concrete well on your land, it would not be a bad idea to think about protecting it. After all, the constant presence of water inside, as well as groundwater, can adversely affect the strength of the walls of an underground container. How is the waterproofing of a concrete well carried out? What materials are used for this? The answers will be found in this article.

There are several reasons for this, and they depend on the purpose of the well. Drinking wells must be treated with waterproofing materials. After all, these are sources of water that they drink, cook food from it. Therefore, the water there must be crystal clear.

But the groundwater washing the outer walls of the wells is destructive. Cracks appear in the reservoirs, and everything that flows along with groundwater - clay, feces, herbicides deposited in the soil, nitrates, organic decomposition, salts, oil products - gets inside and pollutes the drinking source. Such water can no longer be saved by filtration or boiling.

The use of water contaminated with hazardous substances is strictly prohibited.

If the container is built for technical purposes, it should not contain any moisture at all. After all, there are cranes, branching pipes, as well as other communications. Dampness and moisture in such wells will lead to the development of corrosion, rot, and as a result, to the destruction of the walls of the structure. Therefore, technical concrete wells must be waterproofed.

If the well is built under the sewer, here they try to prevent waste from escaping through the walls of the sewer mini-pool and protect the top water from pollution.

Types of waterproofing and varieties of materials used

Waterproofing of concrete wells is divided into external and internal. The first takes more work, time, but is more effective. For waterproofing an underground concrete structure, several types of materials are used:

• bituminous mastics;
• roll materials;
• two-component cement-polymer materials;
• impregnating substances.

For external protection of wells, roll insulators, bituminous mastics, cement mortars, impregnating materials are used. Let's consider some of them in more detail.

Carrying out work

External waterproofing is carried out in multilayer with the additional use of polyester fibers, non-woven reinforcing meshes. It is better to carry out waterproofing during the construction of the well in order to avoid additional labor costs for digging the earth, cleaning the walls of the mini-pool from pollution. But it is also possible to protect a functioning well from further destruction. To do this, the earth is dug to the entire depth of the structure, so that there is access to its walls from all sides.

The loose part of the concrete pavement is beaten off with a hammer. If at the same time the reinforcement became visible, it must also be cleaned of corrosion and coated with an anti-corrosion agent. All rings of the well are washed, cleaned of growths of moss, mold, and other contaminants. For this, chisels, metal brushes, spatulas, drill nozzles are useful. After the structure is dry, clean the walls again. Then proceed to the process of waterproofing.

The use of rolled waterproofing

First go over each ring with a primer. This will provide excellent adhesion between the waterproofing materials and the walls of the well. When the primer dries, examine the walls for damage, cracks, crevices. If there are any, cover them with a thick cement-sand mortar with the addition of PVA glue. Such a solution sets faster than a simple cement. Using mortar, bring the surface of the mini-pool to a perfectly even state. After the cement layer has dried, go over the primer again.

Next, apply tar or bituminous mastic to the walls. Some masters prefer the first option, arguing that the bituminous mixture may crack. On top of the mastic in several layers, glue roofing material, or another waterproofing agent. The joints between the strips of material are also smeared with mastic.

Wall impregnation

Here, after cleaning, the walls are not primed. They need to be moistened, soaked with a deep penetration waterproofing liquid, treated with the same agent again, left for four days. It is possible to prevent the liquid from spreading during drying by constantly moistening the impregnated surface. And also make sure that there is no mechanical damage to the impregnation.

External waterproofing is carried out along the entire height to the upper edge of the wells. When filling the pit, a sand and gravel composition is used, mixed with soil, which is carefully compacted in the process.

Internal waterproofing

Here, environmentally friendly two-component cement-polymer products are used that do not have any harmful chemical effects on drinking water. Therefore, they are safe for people. Such products include the compositions AQUAFIX, MEGACRET-40, AQUAMAT-ELASTIC.

Carrying out work

If we are talking about a functioning well, then first you need to pump water out of it to the very bottom, and until the end of the work, make sure that the water level does not rise. Next, check and eliminate weaknesses, carry out cleaning manipulations of the walls from various contaminants. Clean up damaged concrete. Cut cracks up to 25 mm deep, then clean with a metal brush.

The seams between the well rings are cut to a depth of 30 mm. If a leak forms in time, it is immediately sealed with AQUAFIX “hydroplug” mixture. With the help of the repair mixture MEGACRET-40, cracks, potholes, cracks are laid, the inner surface of the well is completely leveled. Then you need to wait until this layer finally hardens.

Next, the pre-moistened walls inside the well are coated with AQUAMAT-ELASTIC waterproofing mortar. This tool must be diluted to such a consistency that it is easy to spread with a wide brush. In this case, the brush is directed from the bottom up. This tool is applied in two layers. Before applying the second ball, you should wait until the first one dries. Complete hardening of this solution takes about two days.

When waterproofing wells, one should not forget about the joints between the rings. Masters in this case use two-component products designed to seal well rings.

Separately, you need to take care of the waterproofing of the internal seams. Solutions designed for this can be purchased at hardware stores. The agent is applied and leveled with a spatula. In sewer and technical pools, the seams between the rings are treated with liquid rubber or liquid glass. These funds provide increased waterproofing to the object.

Protection of seams from water in wells is also carried out by applying special cement-polymer mixtures or by applying cement mixed with PVC glue. It is necessary to dilute the cement in the glue gradually, bringing the solution to the consistency of very thick sour cream.

bottom insulation

During construction, a special plate with a ledge is placed at the bottom of the concrete well, which guarantees the exact centering of the lower ring. The resulting joint is carefully sealed. This is done in several ways:

• In the place where the well will stand, before installing the first ring, a special waterproofing cord is placed, which, when the humidity rises, swells several times, thereby isolating the bottom of the well.
• Roll waterproofing is also effective here. The bottom of the well is thoroughly cleaned of dirt and debris, laid with bituminous mortar, covered with roofing material with a 20-centimeter overhang on the walls. To protect the bottom of the well for sure, the roofing material is placed in several layers. Additionally, it is recommended to smear the top layer of roofing material with mastic, pour a 10-centimeter ball of gravel on top.
• In drinking pools, the seams between the bottom and the first ring are coated with MEGACRET-40 repair mixture. When the first layer is applied, a waterproofing tape should be glued on it. At the end, the joint in two layers is treated with AQUAMAT-ELASTIC.

When a private homeowner hears the word “well”, it evokes two associations for him: sewerage and a source of water. Each owner of the house wishes that, over time, well water does not acquire the smell and taste of sewage, and the sewer tank needs to be pumped out as rarely as possible.

The sewer septic tank must be located at least 50 meters from the source of drinking water.

This can be achieved by waterproofing wells, which will affect the quality of the water, as well as how often the septic tank will be filled.

The waterproofing of the well, carried out according to SNiP, can prevent the seepage of effluents into groundwater, which will prevent them from filling the tank, especially during the flood and rainy season. If waterproofing is carried out bypassing SNiP or bypassing it altogether, drinking wells will fill with contaminated water, which can be hazardous to health.

Tools and materials

• metal brush;
• brush;
• reinforcing mesh;
• waterproofing compositions depending on the chosen method.

Features of waterproofing

Septic tanks can be considered a rather problematic structure in terms of sanitation and hygiene. SNiP clearly prescribes the rules according to which the arrangement of wells should be carried out, which in particular involves their waterproofing.

Thus, the waterproofing of wells, which have a sewer purpose, is designed to provide the highest degree of tightness of the structure, while the volume of wastewater exceeds 1 m³. If the container has a smaller volume, it is allowed to equip a septic tank, which involves the release of sewage into the soil, provided that the system has a filtering bottom.

SNiP also provides for the presence of residues of detergents or other chemicals in the drains - in this case, the system must have an exclusively sealed container. If only a well acts as a source of drinking water on your site, the variant of a septic tank, which includes a filtering bottom, should not be considered.

If the surface of the sewer well is excessively damaged and cleaning cannot be done with a brush, a jackhammer should be used to help combat loose concrete. Next, you can make a shtraba, which needs to be given a U-shape, its dimensions should be equal to 25x25 mm, and it should be located along the length of the junctions and seams that run along the circumference of the input of communications into the interior of the well.

It may be necessary to eliminate leaks under pressure, for which the following types of solutions are perfect: "Peneplug" or "Waterplug". Waterproofing should be carried out in leak cavities, for this the material must be pressed, holding until it seizes. Next comes the turn of the Penetron mixture, which must first be prepared.

It will be used when treating the internal base of the leak. Application can be easily done with a brush. The final stage will be the elimination of the leak with the help of "Penecrete", which will act as the last layer of processing the seams of the sewer well. Its consumption will be equal to 2 kg / dm³. The consumption of "Penetron" is 0.1 kg / r.m. The resulting fines, formed along the length of the seams, must be filled using Penekrit, the consumption of which is 1.5 kg / r.m.

When waterproofing outside the well, the surface will have to be looked after for two weeks. If the concrete inside the sewer well was so damaged that the process of getting rid of the loose layer caused the reinforcement to be exposed, this area should be repaired, ridding it of the remaining concrete around the circumference of the reinforcement, which implies its complete exposure.

If the reinforcement is already subject to rusting processes, then it will be necessary to get rid of corrosion by applying a chemical or mechanical method. A high-quality anticorrosive agent must be applied to the metal, which helps to exclude further corrosive processes.

Types of wells

If you purchase a ready-made fiberglass or plastic well, its tightness is provided at the manufacturing stage. But often, to equip a septic tank, they use reinforced concrete rings, immersing them to the required depth. If you follow the rules of SNiP, the bottom should have a concrete base, and the inner surface should be covered with sealant - some craftsmen, when waterproofing wells, cover only the joints of the rings with the composition.

SNiP allows the use of dry waterproofing mixtures, compositions with epoxy resins, liquid two-component sealants as a sealant for the inner surface of a septic tank. Each of these compounds can be safely called an excellent waterproofing agent. And if the waterproofing of wells is carried out using an epoxy composition, their surfaces will not be afraid of aggressive chemicals such as gasoline, etc.

Image 1 illustrates a penetrating type waterproofing device. The well in this case is made of reinforced concrete rings.

Waterproofing sludge (dry mixtures containing sludge) have the following positive characteristics:

• short-term hardening;
• the mixture does not form cracks;
• surfaces treated with such compounds acquire the ability to cope with serious loads;
• the surface after treatment becomes resistant to cold and the effects of various salts that enter the soil along with precipitation;
• such mixtures are completely impervious to water.

Advantages of epoxy resins:

• high mechanical strength;
• chemical resistance;
• slight shrinkage;
• excellent adhesion.

Waterproofing made with bituminous materials is not in all cases able to provide the necessary level of safety, in addition, the material is quite vulnerable to mechanical stress, it collapses after exposure to certain chemicals. As an alternative, you can consider sprayed waterproofing, which allows you to achieve a seamless coating.

Its durability is not so impressive and is limited to 25 years. Such a material must be applied exclusively on a surface previously prepared in a special way, which involves a lot of labor and a significant waste of time. In addition, the sprayed material is quite expensive, and its efficiency is low.

If you do not want to use expensive materials for sealing well joints, you can use thick hemp ropes. They should be hammered into the seams, and the resulting surface should be covered with cement mortar. The method is good, but not for drinking wells. This is due to the fact that if the hemp is constantly in a humid environment, it will undergo decay processes, which will turn the material into a source of infection, this will worsen the quality characteristics of drinking water.

Mounting

According to SNiP, before proceeding with the waterproofing of wells, you need to prepare their inner surface, regardless of whether you do the work yourself or entrust this business to professionals. To do this, use a metal brush, which you need to process the surface of the walls and bottom of the wells.

SNiP involves the application of a sealing compound exclusively on a clean surface, therefore, using a brush, the walls and bottom should be rid of dust, traces of cement mortar, etc. These measures are necessary so that the waterproofing mixture penetrates as deep as possible into the thickness of the concrete, filling voids.

According to SNiP, the first thing to do is to seal the seams and joints. In order for the mixture to “take on” more firmly, the joint must first be moistened. After that, you can start applying the waterproofing composition, which should be done with a brush. In this case, the well at the joints must be treated with a composition intended specifically for "joints", which is indicated in the instructions.

Waterproofing of wells at the next stage involves the processing of walls and bottom. To do this, the surfaces must also be thoroughly moistened. The concrete should absorb as much water as it can. After that, you can start applying a layer of waterproofing mixture. According to SNiP, several layers should be applied to the surface, proceeding to the next one only after the first one has completely dried out. In this case, the entire surface must be re-wetted.

Image 2 shows a technical solution that involves the installation of external and internal waterproofing of the well. According to SNiP, the well must be processed at the seams, on the inner and outer surfaces, and what material to use for this can be determined independently. So, in this case, a polyurethane sealant was used in the seams, which has high elasticity. The inner surface of the well is processed using a reinforcing mesh.

Waterproofing can be carried out with the number of layers recommended by the manufacturer. After the well is sealed, you need to wait about 3 days - this is the time it will take for the composition to harden. During this period, the surface of the walls and bottom of the well should not be subjected to mechanical stress. According to SNiP, insulation work must be carried out at positive temperatures, this is important, because otherwise the mixture after application will not be able to gain the necessary strength.

After insulation has been applied, surfaces to be treated must be kept moist to help prevent cracking of the material. It is preferable to humidify with a sprayer. If you do not have the opportunity to wet the surface several times a day, the well - all its walls and bottom - should be covered with a film, which will reduce the evaporation process.

Hydroprotection methods

The waterproofing of a drinking well can be carried out using PVA glue and cement. To do this, you need to prepare a thick mixture by slowly pouring cement into PVA, while the resulting mass should be stirred. There are no exact proportions, the main thing is to pour cement until the mixture reaches such a consistency that it can be taken on a spatula. After, using the finished composition, you can seal the seams formed by concrete rings.

A special method of preparing the mixture for the first layer will increase the level of penetration of the waterproofing composition into concrete: the composition must have a liquid consistency so that it can be applied with a brush. In this case, the seams should be hammered as deep as possible. After waiting for the moment when the first layer dries, you can start applying the second layer of a thick mixture.

If you adhere to building codes, waterproofing of a drinking well can be carried out with ready-made mixtures. They will be somewhat more expensive, but they are more convenient to use. This mixture should also be laid in the seams with a spatula, and the joint surface must be moistened in advance.

The use of geotextiles for waterproofing involves the use of liquid glass in the process of work. The geotextile should be packed into the seams as tightly as possible first. And the finished surface of the seam must be insulated with liquid glass. In addition to the seams, it is necessary to cover up every flaw in the well (pits, cracks, etc.), this measure is necessary, since such damage in its raw form will eventually let water into the concrete ring.

It is also possible to protect the well from moisture penetration by the method of a waterproofing lock. The method, unlike the previous ones, provides for the isolation of the outer walls from the ingress of water-top water. During the installation of the rings, about a couple of meters from the surface of the earth, a trench should be left near the walls, the width of which should be 50 cm. It should be filled with clay.

On the surface of the earth, clay should be laid out with a slope, so that rainwater flows from the well. This method endows the three rings located on top with the ability to block groundwater coming close, and the clay laid on the surface layer will isolate the walls of the well from precipitation.

The insulation of the outer walls will be strengthened by wrapping the well with polyethylene in several layers. You can fix it with waterproof tape or a glue gun.

Inserting a plastic liner acts as a universal way to restore lost waterproofing. If problems with waterproofing were discovered during the operation of the well, mistakes were made in the insulation work. To avoid emergency repairs, you should entrust the work to highly qualified teams, and if the work is carried out by you personally, you must follow the rules prescribed in the SNiP.

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Next, you need to do the processing of seams and junctions. This will require a dry mix for waterproofing joints. The gate must be moistened and primed with a solution of this material in one layer. Material consumption in terms of dry mix - 0.1 kg / running meter, if the size of the strobe is not less than 25 * 25 mm. The prepared strobe must be filled with a solution of the material. This can be done with a spatula or screw mortar pump. The thickness of the material solution layer at one time should not exceed 30 mm. If the strobe is deeper, then the material is applied several times. To reduce the consumption of penetrating waterproofing of concrete when waterproofing a strobe with a cross section of more than 30 * 30 mm, fine washed crushed stone (5-10 mm) can be added to the solution in an amount of 50% by volume. It is advisable to moisten the strobe and adjacent areas and treat with a solution in 2 layers.

The consumption of penetrating concrete waterproofing for a dry mix, if the strobe is 25 * 25 mm, is 1.5 kg / running meter. If the cross section is larger, then the material consumption changes proportionally.

Then surface treatment of concrete rings is necessary. To eliminate and prevent capillary filtration of water with your own hands, you need to treat the surfaces with a solution of penetrating concrete waterproofing.

After the surfaces are cleaned and moistened, it is necessary to apply a solution of penetrating concrete waterproofing in 2 layers with a synthetic fiber brush or using a mortar pump with a spray nozzle. The first layer is applied to wet concrete. The second - on the fresh first, but already seized. Before applying the second layer, you need to moisten the surface a little.

Do-it-yourself waterproofing of seams with tape

The sealant tape consists of a very good quality aluminum foil and an adhesive layer which is based on bitumen. If an adhesive layer is pressed to the surface, a reliable waterproof layer is created. This ensures high-quality sealing of the seams.

Such a waterproofing process is a simple, but high-tech and reliable way to waterproof a well. The main thing is that the joints of the rings are cleaned of dirt and laitance. On the upper joint along the circumference of the entire ring, before lowering into the well, it is necessary to put a self-adhesive sealant tape with a protective paper film up. It must be pressed with force along the entire circumference to the concrete. After that, the protective film is removed. All rings are mounted in this way, except for the topmost one, since it protrudes above the ground level and insulation is not needed over the well. The seam area of ​​the sealant tape must be processed in this way: the two ends of the tape joint must be cut at an angle of 30-40 degrees and glued to each other by hand compression. Consumption of sealant tape for 1 KS ring: 10-9=3.4 m.

The main thing is that when lowering each subsequent ring there is no shift with the offset of the tape. Waterproofing tapes have a sufficiently high water and gas impermeability, resistance to wear, which can be caused by mechanical and weather influences. They are also resistant to acids, salts and alkalis. These tapes have great adhesive properties. Therefore, they can be used for waterproofing various reinforced concrete, concrete structures. To achieve the maximum effect of waterproofing, the material must be compressed in thickness by 20-80% of its initial size.

All the tips will help you make high-quality waterproofing with your own hands, without resorting to the help of specialists, and also save money. And by doing everything yourself, you can definitely be sure that the water will be tasty, as well as bring health benefits.

The joints between the rings in reinforced concrete wells in almost all cases require sealing, especially in the middle lane, where the soil is periodically or constantly saturated with water. Waterproofing is carried out during the installation of the mine, using various methods for this, as well as during operation in the event of leaks.

Which wells need to be sealed

A concrete well has three basic purposes:

• Source of drinking water at a private house. Needless to say, the walls of such a well must be carefully insulated so that pollution from the soil, especially from its upper layers, does not get into the water?
• The septic tank must also be sealed so that runoff and household waste that enters it does not seep into the surrounding soil and poison it.
• The manhole on the telephone, storm, water and sewer lines serves as a kind of technical room for monitoring the state of communications, so access to it should be easy.

In all cases, sealing the seams between the rings is mandatory. It ensures the maintenance of a stable environment in the well, and hence its normal functioning.

Weak spots

During operation, the waterproofing protection wears out due to various factors:

• Impact of groundwater and aggressive environments;
• Seasonal temperature fluctuations;
• Penetration of moisture under insulation through cracks in concrete;
• Errors in installation or use of low-quality materials.

In order to prevent significant leaks, it is important to periodically diagnose the well from the inside and, if defects are found, eliminate them in a timely manner.

Seams between the rings are susceptible to depressurization, but more often problems arise with sealing the well wall at the pipe entry point. The fact is that the pipe enters the shaft at an angle, in addition, it is made of a different material (metal, plastic), so it is not always possible to achieve perfect sealing.

Types and materials of waterproofing

So that garbage from the soil does not get into the drinking well, and drains do not leak from the sewer, the walls of the mine are insulated:

• From within;
• Outside.

When mounting the rings, the joints are worked out on both sides. To enhance the effect, competent specialists process not only the seams themselves, but the entire wall as a whole. This reduces the risk of water seeping through individual cracks, and the concrete remains intact during the life of the insulation.

How to close the joints:

• Roll or coating insulation based on bituminous binder (coating, roofing sheets);
• Penetrating waterproofing based on cement and polymer additives;
• Concreting (plastering);
• Liquid glass and ready-made solutions for insulating walls from the inside.

In addition to the main ones, rubber seals, a clay lock and other products for sealing the pipe entry are useful.

Working with input

• Use of seal kits. They are sold assembled, so it is enough to assemble the insulation according to the instructions. The kit may include sealing gaskets, clamping discs, fittings, adapters.
• The second way is to wind the pipe with bitumen tape in several layers and fuse it to the concrete walls.
• Sealing the pipe with cement mortar and polymer sealant.

Outdoor waterproofing

Consider the algorithm of work for isolating the outer walls of the well shaft. Note that before starting work, in all cases, it is necessary to clean the surface of the rings, repair the potholes with cement mortar, and prime the base with deep penetration primers.

Bituminous coating and pasting

The prepared surface of the rings must be put in order and dried. Next, they make a coating with molten tar or bituminous mastic, on which rolled waterproofing is glued.

It is important to treat the joints between the canvases with mastic in order to achieve complete tightness of the insulation.

Self-coating waterproofing is not effective enough in soil conditions, therefore it is recommended to combine it with rolled waterproofing.

Penetrating waterproofing

Impregnating insulation will help prevent leakage from the outside. Its advantage in ease of application is a deep penetration solution, which is distributed over the surface of the wall with a roller. Mixtures for the preparation of the product are dry powders "Gidropronik TOP", "Etalon GO (P)" and others, the popular and effective ready-made Penetron emulsion (also available in the form of a powder and an additive in concrete).

Before application, the wall is not treated with a primer, only moistened, if required by the technology of application of the agent used.

Unlike concrete and rolled waterproofing, penetrating is not able to block the joint itself, so it is smeared with cement during installation. The treatment solution covers both the outer wall and the cured joint, sealing its structure with its own components. As a result, resistance to water, aggressive environment in the soil grows significantly.

Plastering

The traditional way to protect the well shaft from the outside is to plaster with cement mortar with improvers. Any special additive can be used as a plasticizer, for example,. The modified material acquires increased strength and resistance to water due to a very dense structure after solidification.

Plastering is carried out a few days before the soil is backfilled, the layer thickness is usually 5-9 cm. The thick coating should be reinforced with a mesh for additional rigidity.

Internal protection

If the purpose of the well is a septic tank or an inspection shaft, then inside it can be waterproofed with the same materials as the outside. In the case of a drinking well, the use of chemistry is unacceptable, then special tools will come to the rescue.

During waterproofing work at the construction stage, the processing of seams can be started immediately, in the case of the restoration of the well, its cavity must be cleaned of drains and pollution, the water must be pumped out. The walls must be cleaned and degreased, the seams are embroidered up to 3 cm deep for ease of filling. If a leak occurs during the cleaning stage, close the hole with MEGACRET-40 repair mortar and wait for it to dry completely.

The waterproofing itself is made with any safe solutions intended for drinking wells, for example, liquid glass, the joints are filled with AQUAMAT-ELASTIC, Peneplag or their analogues.

It is not necessary to process the entire inner side of the well, it is enough to work out the joints of the rings and the place where the bottom meets the shaft.