The roof is covered with roofing felt or roofing felt. How to fix roofing material to a wooden roof

landscaping 29.08.2019
landscaping

GRAMMAR AND STYLISTIC EXERCISES

1. The use of forms of nouns

Exercise 1. Choose one of the options enclosed in brackets in accordance with the normative use of grammatical kind nouns.

    After dinner we usually drank ( black - black) coffee .

    The buyer asked me to give him (right shoe - right shoe).

    (Reading room - reading room ) libraries are always ( overflowing - overflowing) by students.

    AT ( timesheet - timesheets) the work performed by the members of the brigade is noted.

    The roof of the barn was covered roofing felt - roofing felt) .

    The shop sells apple jam - apple jam ) .

    The timber truck passed through ( wide clearing wide clearing) .

    The woman's face was covered mourning veil mourning veil) .

    The switchman noticed in time that he needed repairs (right rail - right rail).

    Who is pleased to be stepped on (beloved - favorite corn)?

Exercise 2. Choose one of the options enclosed in brackets according to the normative usage of the form case nouns.

    The role of Ranevskaya in ( "The Cherry Orchard" - "The Cherry Orchard") A.P. Chekhov was once performed by the artist Knipper-Chekhova.

    Michurin creatively reworked much of what was created ( Darwin - Darwin) .

    In the clothing store big choice stocking and ( sock - socks) .

    Astronomers observe best ( Mars - Mars) during its opposition, when it is at its closest distance from Earth.

    The new orchard is spread over an area of ​​more than a hundred ( hectare - hectares) .

    In the reconstructed ( workshop - workshop) The plant had the latest equipment.

    The work must be completed by the first August - August) .

    The first batch of early ( tomato - tomato) .

    According to the will, the inheritance was divided into several equal ( shares - share) .

    To divide a fraction by a fraction, you need ( numerator - numerator) multiply the first fraction by ( denominator - denominator) second, and ( denominator - denominator) first - on ( numerator - numerator) second .

Exercise 3. Choose one of the options enclosed in brackets in accordance with the normative use of forms numbers nouns.

    Interests of people belonging to ( various social environments different social environment) are largely the same.

    AT ( speeches - speeches) students have deviations from literary norm.

    Partisans often fell into ( environment - environments), but thanks to resourcefulness and presence of mind, they broke out of the ring of enemy troops.

    Almost all ( shops - shops) the factory is completely restored .

    Citizens need to be educated right attitude - right relationship ) to what is happening in the world.

    The best school teachers in the country regularly exchange ( experience - experiences) professional activity.

    In modern agriculture are used ( tractor - tractors) created by the latest technologies.

    The Motherland highly appreciates the exploits of its ( sons - sons) and daughters.

    To make the button accordion sound beautiful, you need to push it wide apart ( furs - furs) of this musical instrument.

    Experienced ( chauffeurs - chauffeurs) confidently drive cars on mountain roads, almost without slowing down when cornering.

P. Use of forms of adjectives

Exercise 4. Choose one of the options in brackets in

in accordance with the normative use of the forms of adjectives.

1. The student was ( able - able) to mathematics.

2. The younger generation always hopes for ( lighter - even lighter) future .

3. Similar answer ( meaningless - meaningless) .

4. The child has appeared and ( worst - worse) habits.

5. The second jump was (more dexterous - dexterous) than the first.

6. Door ( low - low) for such a high room.

7. The sky is amazingly blue today and ( full - complete) some special transparency.

8. The game was adjourned in ( better - better) position for White.

9. The hero of the story is a cadet. He always ( pulled up - pulled up), always ( dressed - dressed) in shape, ( cultural - cultural) in circulation .

10. Who ( responsible - responsible) for hosting the event?

Sh. The use of forms of numerals

Exercise 5. Choose one of the options enclosed in brackets in accordance with the normative use of the forms of numerals.

    (Three boys and three girls - three boys and three girls) performed a beautiful dance .

    The school library has two thousand ( four hundred and eighty - four hundred and eighty) three books.

    The first artificial earth satellite existed as cosmic body (92 days - 92 days - within 92 days) .

    The logging site is located in ( one and a half hundred kilometers - one and a half hundred kilometers) from the railway station.

    On this day, the commission examined ( twenty two - twenty two) students.

    There are still five days left until the end of the month, and the plan has already been completed by 96.5 ( percent - percent) .

    Trucks were parked at both - both - both) gate wholesale base .

    There is one and a half left before the start of the exams ( educational - educational) month.

    The whole country splendidly celebrated ( eight hundredth anniversary - eight hundredth anniversary) since the founding of Moscow.

    Each student was given a five - five) teaching aids.

    The weight of the parcel was 8.3 (kilogram - kilograms).

IV. The use of pronouns

Exercise 6. Choose one of the options enclosed in brackets in accordance with the normative use of pronouns.

    Seryozha was left an orphan; father died when him a boy) was nine years old.

    The conductor walked in front and behind ( him - him) a wagon loaded with things was driving.

    The group passed all tests and asked to be examined ( them - her) first of all .

    The hostess took the suitcase off the table and pushed it aside ( his - table - suitcase) to the side .

    The patient asked his sister to pour ( to himself - to him) water .

    The first performance of the artist brought her great success, and from ( her - her) you could expect a lot.

    According to the plan, multi-storey buildings will be built on this site, opposite ( them - them) will be broken square.

    If the student does not start attending classes, then in relation to ( his - him) strict measures will be taken .

V. Use of verb forms

Exercise 7. Choose one of the options enclosed in brackets in accordance with the normative use of the forms of the verb.

1. Here ( children gather - children gather) that roam the streets.

2. We must help young people grow spiritually and ( show - show) their abilities.

3. Not ( port - spoil) furniture, placing a hot kettle on a polished table.

4. Speakers in the debate ( focused - concentrated) focus on the main provisions of the report and did not touch on particular issues .

5. Where are you ( heard - heard) about the latest developments in the Middle East ?

7. When you say don't ( move - move) so strongly with your hands .

8. Flower without water ( dry - dry) in a vase.

9. Head of the group ( authorized - authorized) speak on behalf of students .

10. On the advice of the patient's doctor ( rinse - rinse) throat solution boric acid.

VI. The structure of a simple sentence

Exercise 8. Choose one of the options enclosed in brackets in accordance with the normative construction of a simple sentence.

1. In addition to performances, artists ( take part in concerts performances - will give a number of concerts) .

2. At restored enterprises ( there is growth productivity - increasing productivity) labor thanks to the use of the latest technologies.

3. (One - one) of the tasks that we have to urgently solve is the task of increasing the level of speech culture.

4. The complex and original inner appearance of the heroine is reflected in her language, the brightest ( among – compared with language) all actors plays.

5. Lomonosov in his youth was ( fisherman - fisherman) .

6. This river ( calm - calm) .

7. The public (widely preparing - preparing widely) to celebrate the anniversary of the writer.

8. For our small audience, this board is too (wide - wide).

VII. Agreement of the predicate with the subject

Exercise 9. Choose one of the options enclosed in brackets.

1. Row of tables ( stood - stood) in the middle of the room .

2. Five students ( approached - approached) to the examination table .

3. Twenty-two works checked by the teacher, ( lay - lay) on the table .

4. To the congress ( arrived - arrived) twenty one delegates .

5. A thousand soldiers ( rushed - rushed - rushed) fight .

6. (Gone - Gone) two months .

7. On an excursion ( gone - let's go) a total of ten students in the group .

8. Half an hour spent in the company of such an interesting storyteller, ( passed - gone) imperceptibly.

9. Five fighters ( rushed - rushed) on enemy bombers.

10. Many school graduates ( gone - let's go) study at universities .

Exercise 10. Choose one of the options enclosed in brackets.

    Secretary ( issued - released) [referring to a female person] us necessary information.

    "War and Peace" ( written - written - written) L.N. Tolstoy.

    We recently ( open - open) cafe-dining room with self-service.

    No one, not even the strongest students, could - could) solve this difficult problem .

    The board of the garden cooperative, including the chairman and his deputy, many ( done - done) for the arrangement of gardeners' plots.

    The people of France, like the peoples of Russia, do not ( can - can) to support the war in the Middle East.

    A group of students led by the headman and members of the sports section actively ( helped - helped) in organizing competitions between courses in volleyball .

    The school administration, especially the director and head teacher, a lot ( made - did) for the successful holding of the Physics Olympiad.

    Rosno ( confirmed - confirmed) your decision.

    On sale ( available - available) in large assortment ready-made dress, shoes, knitwear.

    Brother or sister ( help - help) to get me a job.

    mother with children left - left) to rest .

Exercise 11. Coordinate the predicate with the subject, add the endings.

1. Most of the students who are members of sports sections have already passed ... skiing standards.

2. A number of measures aimed at improving discipline among students are being taken by the school administration.

3. The vast majority of pupils and pupils of our class showed ... deep knowledge in the exams.

4. Set ... three world records.

5. Forty-two machine tools hummed incessantly ... and trembled evenly ....

6. Many children are sick...been...the flu.

7. We entered the dean's office, after the secretary girl reported ... about our arrival.

8. Taxi stood ... at the entrance.

9. This half-watermelon, as the children immediately guessed, was ... set aside ... for them.

10. You and your friends will help us this time as well.

VIII. Harmonization of definitions and applications

Exercise 12

    Three ( neighboring - neighboring) buildings were built recently .

    The apartment was divided into two unequal - unequal) parts.

    (First - first) two places were shared by foreign athletes .

    Attracts fast service in ( new - new) cafeteria.

    The city was open to winds from the north and east ( sides - parties) .

    Both the first and the second half - half) meetings were held at an exceptionally fast pace .

    A number of expeditions were conducted by students of geographical and historical ( faculties - faculties) .

    A wide scar on his face ran just in the middle between the left and right ( eye - eyes) .

    We will spend the summer in Ryazan or Tula ( regions - regions) .

    The book describes the consequences of the first and second crosses ... ( hike - hikes) .

Exercise 13. Match the definitions with the words being defined, add the endings.

1. Russian ... press, radio and television are the main channels of information in the country.

2. Tanned ... and strengthened ... brother and sister returned from the sea.

3. He spoke with pride about the success of his ... son and daughter.

4. Restored ... the museum and gallery are open to visitors.

5. Russia inherited destroyed ... industry and transport.

6. In recent years, there have been positive changes in our ... technology, science and culture.

7. The exhibits were placed in the large hall and hall.

9. A competition was held to solve a chess ... etude and problem.

Exercise 14. Add, where necessary, endings in applications - geographical names.

    For some time he lived in the city of Moscow ... .

    Stubborn battles were fought on the Vistula River ....

    He was originally from the village of Kryukov….

    The railway line runs in close proximity to Lake Baikal….

    The steamer approached the island of Cyprus ... .

    A warm current passes by the Florida peninsula ... .

    Climbers stopped at the foot of Mount Kazbek….

    The train was approaching Tul station….

    Astronomers have studied the motion of the planet Mars….

    There were many fishing boats in the port of Nakhodk ... .

IX. Some control cases

Exercise 15. Choose one of the options enclosed in brackets.

    The speaker operated unverified – with unverified) data.

    The teacher indicated about that - about that) that there are a number of errors in the work.

    Russian populists in the last third of the 19th century zealously defended the view ( about the "special" path - on the "special" path) development of Russia.

    All this said for that - about) that, despite the strong line-up of foreign participants in the tournament, our masters can compete with them with honor .

    Answer ( on application - on application) was received immediately.

    Many young directors have achieved great success ( in business creation - in creation) interesting movies.

    Traffic on the road was interrupted ( thanks - due to) inattention of the sentry .

    The crops were carried out according to ( instructions - instructions) agronomist.

    Having finished the tour, the circus performers returned ( from - from) of Crimea.

Exercise 16

    Some students don't do their homework.

    The success of our athletes should not obscure the shortcomings that still exist.

    Criticism rightly pointed out that the writer does not notice negative influences in his work.

    The doctor did not find any signs of illness in the child.

    It would be wrong to deny the presence of positive aspects in the work.

    Some masters did not take part in the national chess championship.

    The boy was not afraid of his mother, although she was quite strict.

    Unfortunately, I don't often get letters from home.

Exercise 17. Choose one of the options enclosed in brackets.

    The mother was very worried for the son - about the son) .

    Any open-minded person sees the benefits of nanotechnology ( over - before) traditional .

    Good preparation skaters gives us confidence in their ( victory - victory) .

    In vain were the attempts slow down - hinder) development of digital broadcasting .

    By the end of the year, each company must report ( o - in) work done.

    Astronomers have observed with great interest ( behind a solar eclipse - a solar eclipse) .

    The boy threw stone - stone) in water .

    (To what do I owe such a flattering review - to what do I owe such a flattering review) about my work ?

    Should be provided in a timely manner schools the required numberschools necessary quantity ) computers.

    Take it easy, have a drink water - water) .

    American movies often show how young people are unsuccessfully looking for ( work - work) .

    (In order to further improve the quality of teaching – to improve teaching) higher educational establishments equipped with computers.

    Examination ( dean's office - dean's office) work of first - year students revealed a number of shortcomings .

    Our teacher organized and manages a circle of lovers of embroidery and knitting.

X. Sentences with homogeneous members

Exercise 18. Indicate whether the sentences below are constructed correctly.

    The patient was given fruits, strong broth, cocoa, oranges.

    Let us indicate the place of Pushkin in the history of Russian and world literature, his role in the creation of the Russian language, the features of the Onegin stanza.

    The feeling of the hero had to go through the trials, indifference and whims of the heroine.

    Residents demanded troubleshooting and repairs.

    Work practice for students was organized at factories, at Sberbank and at the design bureau.

    This question was covered in books and lectures, newspapers and pamphlets, reports and magazines.

    The students of the group assumed the following obligations: 1) elimination of academic debt; 2) raise discipline in the group; 3) keep order and cleanliness in the hostel.

    The book has not only educational value, but also great educational value.

    They responded well in exams as high school graduates, as well as students in the ninth grade.

    The tournament was attended by representatives of many countries: Austria, Hungary, Great Britain, Russia and others.

    The work is carried out in accordance with and on the basis of the approved plan.

XI. Participle turnovers

Exercise 19. Indicate whether the sentences below are constructed correctly.

    The novel reveals the contradictions that prevailed in the state before perestroika.

    The task we carry out does not cause any particular difficulties.

    The writer spoke about the changes in the book, which he is preparing for reprint.

    Will be shown soon new program, created by the members of the student activists.

    Our regularly published newspaper provides interesting information about the life of students.

    The daredevils who try to climb to the top of this mountain in winter conditions will pay with their lives.

    Students who write poorly at home will have to redo it.

    Each student who would like to participate in KVN games should contact the organizers.

    The lecture given to students about the advantages of nano-technologies aroused great interest.

    Here they are contrasted: the Petrel, personifying the proletariat, striving for revolution and seeing in it the only way out, and the stupid Penguin, personifying

philistine-philistine, hiding from thunder, afraid of the impending,

although not the storm that threatens him - the revolution, worried only about his own safety.

    The student held a spelling dictionary in his hand, which served him as a reference and which he used in case of difficulties.

    A few days after the quarrel, Dubrovsky caught Troekurov's peasants stealing firewood in his forests.

Exercise 20 if this cannot be done, indicate the reason for the impossibility of replacement.

    Grushnitsky is one of those people who have pompous phrases ready for all occasions.

    In the last house at the end of the village, the light was still on.

    We drove through a plain that was scorched by the sun and covered in dust.

    Griboyedov in the comedy "Woe from Wit" touched on the same topic, which other classic writers later began to develop.

    Among the books there was not one that did not interest me.

    The snowstorm looked and suddenly recognized in the black-headed lad the same shepherd boy to whom he had left his horse yesterday.

    Ilya entered the yard with the air of a man who had done a good job.

XII. Participle turns

Exercise 21. Indicate whether the following sentences are constructed correctly.

    In competitions for the world chess championship, the young master Kasparov, meeting with grandmaster Karpov, won.

    The use of these expressions and phrases can be shown in illustrative examples, taking samples of fiction as illustrations .

    All presentation in the book is made extremely short, taking into account the student's time budget.

    From science such advice is required, the application of which would be useful in practical work.

    After reading the work a second time, I think that the main ideas are expressed in it correctly.

    Approaching the river, we stopped the horses, quickly jumped to the ground and, hastily undressing, rushed into the water.

    Using the calculator, the calculation is made quickly and easily.

    Having received a severe wound, the soldier was saved by his comrades.

    He left after doing homework and when he finished his personal business.

    Hastily dressed and washed, the boy ran to school, but, clinging to something and stumbling, he fell.

Exercise 22 if this cannot be done, indicate the reason for the impossibility of replacement.

1. Since Gorky knew the life and life of the tramps well, he could clearly depict them in his works.

2. When we returned home, it was already dark.

3. Eugene Onegin made a strong impression on Tatyana, as he stood out sharply from other guests.

4. After the students finished checking the dictation, the teacher collected notebooks.

5. The old carrier was dozing, leaning over the oars.

6. Kashtanka, unable to bear the music, moved uneasily in her chair and howled.

7. Past Kashtanka, pushing her with their feet, people passed back and forth non-stop.

8. Having dismissed the generals, Kutuzov sat for a long time, leaning on the table.

XIII. Difficult sentence

Exercise 23. Indicate whether the sentences below are constructed correctly.

    The speaker tried to convince his listeners that the provisions put forward by him were tested in practice.

    Mankind is seized with a passionate desire to ensure that war, due to its enormity, would outlive itself.

    The horses of the Cossacks, who were covered with foam, climbed the mountain path with difficulty.

    The student said that I had not yet prepared for the answer.

    It seemed that the danger was so close that it could not be avoided.

    The she-wolf carefully made her way along the road leading to the barn and which was already familiar to her.

    We visited an exhibition, which we were advised to go to and dedicated to the work of Pushkin.

    A strong movement began on the street, during which a passer-by was hit by a car and sent to the hospital.

    The group discussed issues of discipline and whether it is possible to pass tests ahead of schedule.

    The new book looked like it would be a big hit.

REFERENCE MATERIALS

1. Indeclinable words of foreign origin, denoting inanimate objects, belong to the middle gender: summer Coat, wide highway. Exception: coffee(male).

2. In the literary language, the form is used shoe(female). The form shoes(masculine) inherent in professional use.

3. In modern language, the form is used Hall(masculine) in the sense of "a place for crowded meetings or for special purposes." The form hall(feminine) is obsolete and has the meaning "a spacious front room in a private house for receiving guests."

4.Word report card in modern language refers to masculine. Only in the expression "Peter's Table of Ranks" is the former feminine form preserved.

5.Word only male. The masculine gender also includes words (those in the grammatical gender of which there are fluctuations are given): shoe, felt boot, desman, dahlia, appendage, gelatin, curtain, candelabrum, potato, commentary, corrective, myrtle, shoulder strap, pendant, rail, piano, sanatorium, film, epaulette.

6. The word is used in the literary language jam(neuter). The words also belong to the middle gender (those that are sometimes used in a different gender in violation of the literary norm are given): bucket, contralto, monisto, bast, scarecrow, tentacle.

7. In modern language, the form is used clearing(female). The words also belong to the feminine gender (those that are used in the masculine gender are also given, as an obsolete, dialectal, professional, etc. form): whisker, parcel post, veil, cataract (eye disease), knee, hemp, cuff, callus, reserved seat, price, plane tree.

8. Some inanimate masculine nouns of the second declension are used in the prepositional singular with one of two endings: -e(usually unaccented) and –y(only under stress). The ending –y(-y) used when the noun is preceded by a preposition in or on the, and the noun has a circumstantial meaning (indicates time, place, manner of action, state). Wed: in the garden - about the garden, on the shore - about the shore, in one's lifetime, on the go, in bloom. The same when referring to a substance or mass ( gingerbread on honey, covered in snow), when designating a meeting of people ( in the regiment, in the ranks). In the objective meaning (complement), forms are used on –e. Wed: trees in the cherry orchard - in "The Cherry Orchard" by A.P. Chekhov; to be in the forest - in the "Forest" by A.N. Ostrovsky.

During the construction of a temporary structure, expensive materials are usually not used. including for roofing. One of budget options- use of roofing felt. What is this material?

What is only

Tol is a kind of cardboard impregnated with coal or tar products, sprinkled with sand or mineral chips. The material is not very durable, but quite cheap, so it is still popular, despite the abundance of new, modern coatings. Roofing felt, roofing material are usually used in the construction of temporary buildings. For capital structures, more durable materials are used.

Application

What can only be used for? Specifications material allow it to be used for various purposes, depending on the type of dressing. If it is sandy, you can use only for and for the roofs of various temporary buildings. Coarse-grained dressing allows the use of material for the top layer of the coating flat roofs. For example, for sheds and garages.

The special waterproofing roofing does not have a cover layer and sprinkling. The characteristics allow you to protect the foundation, basement and floor from moisture, so it is often laid under the tiles in the bathroom. By itself, concrete passes moisture, so the use of this type of material in this case is fully justified and effective. In addition to insulation from water and steam, roofing felt can be used as a lining material for multi-layer roofing.

Pros and cons

What are the advantages of only? Its technical characteristics do not require special skills when working with the material. Due to the light weight of the rolls, it is possible to work with roofing paper without a partner. The flexibility of the material allows it to be laid at any angle. It will protect the building from rain and snow, from condensation. Roofing felt is an inexpensive material, which allows it to be used in the construction of temporary structures, summer cottages or outbuildings and does not cause serious damage to the budget.

There are also well-known disadvantages that should also be taken into account when choosing what to cover with or what to use for waterproofing the foundation. Tol is easily flammable, not resistant to external influences. In the ground, the material will require additional protection, as well as when using it as a top layer in the roof. In terms of durability, inferior to many modern coatings. Roofing waterproofing will not be one hundred percent. Low temperatures lead to the appearance of cracks on the surface of the material, so it is advisable to lay it in several layers, so you can extend the life of the coating and make it more reliable. Tol is not decorative material, its appearance is unpresentable, and there is no choice of colors. However, he still finds fans, primarily thanks to his low price and ease of working with it.

Roof maintenance

It is necessary to remove fallen leaves and snow from the roof in a timely manner. Special attention this should be given in the fall and spring. At least once every five years, it will be necessary to repair damaged areas and restore protective covering, therefore roofing felt is usually not used in the construction of capital structures.

Modern analogues

The basis of the glass roofing material is a glass cloth impregnated with bitumen on both sides. This material is quite strong and biostable. Typically used to cover industrial buildings and waterproofing.

Rubemast is a built-up cardboard with high-quality bituminous impregnation, surface coating and addition of plasticizers. On the this moment considered the most effective type of roofing material. Its cost is not too high, so it is in great demand.

More long term euroroofing material based on polyester, fiberglass or fiberglass will serve, perfectly suitable for waterproofing.

The choice of material depends on the purpose of its use. Various characteristics allow you to choose the most suitable option.

Tol is not the most durable roofing material, and on the other hand it has a low cost, which makes it quite popular when covering the roof of temporary structures and protecting the foundation from moisture.

Roofing from bituminous components (roofing, roofing material) is usually chosen as a flooring on flat roofs and roofs with a slight slope (sheds, country houses).

Manufacturers produce rolled roofing with a width of 914 millimeters. One of the sides of the coating has a powder of mineral chips, and the other is purely bituminous. Herself roll roofing quite moisture resistant, but if even a little water gets under it (for example, due to cracks in the coating or through loose joints), then such a roof can swell and then the coating needs a small “patched” repair. Of course, the point here is not the aesthetic side of the issue, but the fact that because of these swellings, roofing felt (roofing material) may crack ahead of time, which will result in an increase in the number of leaks.

The method of repairing a swollen roof depends on the area of ​​the swelling. If it is small, then it is necessary to cut through it, then raise the edges of the cut and dry the flooring under the cut thoroughly. Then, on the bottom layer of the roof around the cut, it is necessary to apply roofing glue and press the edges of the cut to the deck.

Then it should be treated with the same glue upper layer roofing around the cut (half a centimeter from the edges is enough). Then you need to cut a patch, a little larger than the cut. nail it and cover its entire surface (and a little next to it) with roofing adhesive. And that's it.

If the swelling is larger, and the roof itself around it has stretched and is also damaged, then you will have to work a little more: first you need to cut (not cut) the entire roof at the site of the swelling and let the flooring dry under the cutout. (Note: if the roof is wavy or wrinkled next to the swelling, then it must be cut not only along the perimeter of the swelling, but also in the “wrinkled” areas, too, up to the place where the roof is flat against the flooring, without bumps and wrinkles). Then it is necessary (as in the first case) to apply roofing glue to the lower part of the edges, then firmly press and nail the edges with nails to the deck and finish everything by applying roofing glue to the entire area of ​​​​the open deck.

The second step will be the application of the patch itself. To do this, cut out roofing material a patch slightly larger than the cut out area. Nail the prepared patch with roofing (preferably galvanized so as not to rust) nails to the deck. Then apply roofing adhesive to the applied patch and the areas next to it approximately 5 centimeters from the edges.

And the last thing: you can, of course, finish with the previous stage, but, in order to increase the durability of the repaired roof, it is recommended to apply another patch on top of the first one, 10 centimeters larger and wider than the first one, also treat it with glue and nail it. Nail heads should also be treated with roofing glue.

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Good afternoon, dear Gramota.ru! Please tell me how to correctly place punctuation marks in a sentence: 1. The Raduga Leisure Center is, first of all, a “home” for young people. or 2. The Raduga Leisure Center is primarily a “home” for young people. And do I need to quote the word "house"?

Correctly: The Raduga Leisure Center is primarily a home for young people.

Question #297791

Hello! Is the sentence "O country house many city dwellers dream"? If so, how to explain the use of the word "house" in the singular, because they dream not of one thing, but of different houses- each about his own.

The answer of the reference service of the Russian language

The offer is correct. This is the normal use of the singular in the meaning of the plural.

Question No. 290070

How do you spell Pushkin's house? "House" - with a small letter?

The answer of the reference service of the Russian language

If you mean the house in which Pushkin lived, then it’s correct with a small one: Pushkin's house.

Question #283817

Hello! Tell me, please, in expressions like "house of Chanel", "house of Cartier" and so on, "house" is written with a small letter or with a capital one? Thanks in advance.

The answer of the reference service of the Russian language

Word house in meaning " fashion house" or "jewelry house" is better to write with a small letter.

Question #231409
And one more question. Our lawyers register company names without following the rules of the Russian language, and all this goes through state institutions without corrections. How is it correct after all (quotation marks are a double sign): Dom Real Estate Agency LLC Dom Real Estate Agency LLC Dom Real Estate Agency LLC?

The answer of the reference service of the Russian language

Correct: _Dom Real Estate Agency LLC and _Dom Real Estate Agency LLC_.
Question No. 220405
Is it necessary to put a comma between the name of the street and the numbers indicating the number of the house, if the word "house" (or abbreviated - "d") is missing? For example, it would be more correct: st. Lenina 125 or st. Lenin, 125?

The answer of the reference service of the Russian language

The comma is still needed.
Question No. 219065
How to do it correctly in writing the address: st. Moskovskaya, 14 or st. Moscow, 14? My colleagues assure that the variant with the abbreviated (or not abbreviated) word "house" is wrong, it is necessary without this word at all. Is it so? Thank you.

The answer of the reference service of the Russian language

Both options are correct.
Question #215692
Minsk, st. Nemiga, 40 (house of life) Is the word "house" spelled with a small or capital letter? Thank you.

The answer of the reference service of the Russian language

That's right: the house of everyday life (with a lowercase letter).
Question No. 202028
In theory, it’s correct to say “miss someone / what?”, That is, the prepositional case, right? (download you) And why then in the phrase, for example, "missing home", the word "home" is in the dative case?

The answer of the reference service of the Russian language

This rule applies only to pronouns. See http://spravka.gramota.ru/hardwords.html?no=294&_sf=120 ["Hard Words"].

“In the top and bottom panels (panels?) of the cabinet, there are places for installing cable glands.” What is the correct spelling of the word "panels" in this context? In plural or singular? Or are both options possible? There are only two panels in the cabinet - at the top and bottom, this is the roof and the floor are meant. That is, one top and one bottom panel in the cabinet. Should we talk about them in the plural or in the singular? Thank you!

AT this case should be used plural: Places are provided in the top and bottom panels of the cabinet...

Question #296865

Hello, dear Diploma. "Is it true to say: cleaning the roofs from snowdrifts. (It's embarrassing that there are snowdrifts on the roof).

The answer of the reference service of the Russian language

Snowdrifts can be on the roof x, there is no contradiction. But more often they say: snow removal from roofs.

Question #292985

Please help with punctuation in this sentence: "When building a cottage (-/,) at all stages (foundation, walls, floors, roof, ceiling) (-/,) do not forget about the insulating material." And one more thing: instead of brackets, is it possible to put a colon before the word "foundation"? Thank you very much in advance!

The answer of the reference service of the Russian language

Correctly: When building a cottage at all stages (foundation, walls, floors, roof, ceiling), do not forget about the insulating material.

You can also write with a colon: When building a cottage at all stages: foundation, walls, floors, roof, ceiling - do not forget about the insulating material.

Question No. 289129

Hello! Is there such a word as "sliding", for example, a sliding door? The bottom line is that this door moves away from itself between two roofs.

The answer of the reference service of the Russian language

A door that can slide is called a sliding door. The word exists.

Question #287719

In the phrase Not yet frozen river - not together or separately

The answer of the reference service of the Russian language

Correctly: the frozen river.

FROM full forms participle negation is not written separately:

a) if they have dependent words, for example: a person who does not shun any means; not knowing what he is doing; not caring about food; friends who have not seen each other for many years; version not supported by facts; a genius not recognized by his contemporaries; object not identified by ground services; not bound by obligations; not obligated to obey; unmoved by her tears; a dress that has not been washed for a long time; since the spring is not painted roof;

b) as part of constructions with opposition or constructions that reinforce negation, for example:

This is not a finished work, but some kind of sketches; not knowing, but only guessing; not warring, but peacefully neighboring countries; not respected - beloved; by no means reassured, not at all embarrassed, not at all pleased, not noticed by anyone, never discouraged, not loved by anyone.

Question #286458

Hello, help resolve a dispute with colleagues by punctuating the following sentence. The current requirement for the maximum number floors "4 floors, while it is allowed to place an additional attic floor in pitched roofs x subject to maximum height buildings buildings structures in accordance with the Land Use and Development Rules” was replaced by the new “4 floors including the attic”. All punctuation marks were removed on purpose, in quotation marks - an excerpt from the law.

The answer of the reference service of the Russian language

Preferred punctuation: The current requirement for the maximum number of floors: “Four floors, while placing an additional attic floor in pitched roofs is allowed, subject to the maximum height of buildings, structures, structures in accordance with the Land Use and Development Rules”- replaced by a new one: "Four floors, including the attic.

If you give exact quotations from laws, it is better to place punctuation marks in these quotations in the same way as in the original.

Question No. 284401

Tibet - "Roof of the World". Are quotation marks necessary?

The answer of the reference service of the Russian language

It should be written in quotation marks with a small letter: Tibet is the "roof of the world".

Question #281276
Good afternoon.

In my daughter's dictation, I found "the roof starts to smoke" without soft sign in a verb. Don't smoke, do you? The teacher says - what does the roof do? - starts to smoke, so without soft.

The answer of the reference service of the Russian language

Correctly: roof(what is he doing?) smokes, but: the roof starts(what to do?) smoke.

Question #265663
"Zarufit" (from the word roof - roof) is to climb onto the roof. So where there is no roof, then it cannot be ruthed. Those. a spire, a tree or a star cannot be ruthed or can it be?

The answer of the reference service of the Russian language

Based on the etymology of this slang word, zarufit really means "to climb onto the roof". But words, used in a language, can change their meaning (it can expand or narrow), words can develop a figurative meaning. At the word zarufit it may well develop (or maybe it is already developing) a figurative meaning: "climb onto the roof" - "climb onto any surface tall building"-" climb, climb any tall object, structure. "In this sense, it is quite possible (will be) zarufit both the spire and the tree (that is, even where there is no roof). Wed word history Xerox: Initially, only the Xerox copier was called that way, and then, regardless of the etymology of the word, any copier began to be called that, even if it had nothing to do with this company.

Question #264425
Is it necessary to enclose the word "roof" in quotation marks, used in a criminal sense.
Such and such a police department is the "roof" of such and such a criminal group.
Thank you!

The answer of the reference service of the Russian language

The quotation marks are appropriate.

Question #248776
How to say? The roof is covered with roofing paper or the roof is covered with roofing paper. If possible, please explain why.

The answer of the reference service of the Russian language

That's right: roofing felt (roofing - a noun related to the 2nd declension according to the school curriculum).

Question #243703
please tell me how to write correctly: gable roof or gable roof and a three-story building

The answer of the reference service of the Russian language

Options gable and gable are equal.

Three-storey building - right.

Question #241944
Can I write like this: "Repair of the roof surface" or is it still "Repair of the roof"? Thank you!

The answer of the reference service of the Russian language

Option roof surface repair possible if it is necessary to emphasize that not the entire roof (rafters, trusses, etc.) is being repaired, but only the surface coating. In this sense, one can also say: roof repair.

In other cases, it is appropriate: roof repair.

Question #240569
Is there a word "icebreakers"? I mean equipment.

The answer of the reference service of the Russian language

Roofs- from the word roof? We think that such a word is not used.

Question #228821
A little more (?) and the roof will fall. Thank you.

The answer of the reference service of the Russian language

It is better to put a dash: _A little more - and the roof will fall_.

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