The image of a Russian woman in the poem by N. A

Russian woman in the poem by N. A. Nekrasov “Who should live well in Russia”

Share you! - Russian woman's share!

Hardly harder to find.

N. A. Nekrasov

WITH early years I fell in love with the poetry of N. A. Nekrasov. He served "the great purposes of the age" all his life. His muse is the sister of the destitute. Especially dear to me are poems dedicated to the hopelessness of the lot of a Russian peasant woman. It seems to me that these are the best poems of the poet, speaking about the bitter, long-suffering fate of a working woman.

No wonder you wither before the time

All-enduring Russian tribe

Long-suffering mother!

The image of a woman-worker, "sufferer, sadness", created by the poet, forever sinks into the soul. A peasant woman experienced not only social oppression, but also domestic. Here is how the poet writes about this in the poem "Frost, Red Nose": Three heavy shares had fate. And the first share: to marry a slave, the second - to be the mother of the son of a slave, and the third - to obey the slave to the grave,

In the gallery of wonderful female images a special place is occupied by the image of Matrena Timofeevna - the heroine of the poem "Who in Russia should live well." Popular rumor leads peasants-truth-seekers to the village of Klin. Here they hope to meet a happy peasant woman. Matrena Timofeevna herself tells them about her difficult life. How much severe suffering befell this "happy" woman! But such beauty and strength emanates from her whole appearance that it is impossible not to admire her. As she reminds me of the "type of majestic Slav", about which the poet wrote with delight: In trouble he will not be shy - he will save, He will stop the galloping Horse, He will enter the burning hut! Natural beauty and physical strength match her spiritual beauty. How quickly they flashed happy years childhood and girlhood. Matrena Timofeevna, according to her, was lucky in girlhood: I was lucky in girls: We had a good, non-drinking family. The family surrounded their beloved daughter with care and affection. However, the time of serene childhood quickly passed. In her seventh year, says Matrena Timofeevna, “she herself ran to the herd for a burushka, brought her father breakfast, grazed the ducklings.” So she "got used" to the matter, that for the rest of her life she busied herself tirelessly. But physical work did not bring Matryona Timofeevna grief. The worst thing is spiritual slavery. Matryona Timofeevna, having worked out in the field, will wash herself in the bathhouse and is ready to sing and dance: And a good worker, And a hunter to sing and dance I was from my youth. But how few bright moments in her life! One of them is an engagement to his beloved Filippushka. Matryona did not sleep all night, thinking about the upcoming marriage: she was afraid of "bondage". And yet love turned out to be stronger than fears of falling into slavery. And then, after marriage, she got "from a girl's will to hell." "Exhausting work", "mortal insults", severe misfortunes with children, separation from her husband, who was illegally recruited, and many other hardships - such is the bitter life path Matryona Timofeevna. With pain she says about what is in her:

No broken bone

There is no stretched vein.

I am amazed at the steadfastness, the courage with which this wonderful woman endured suffering without bowing her proud head. Your heart bleeds when you read the lines of a poem about the inconsolable grief of a mother who lost her first-born son Demushka: . The mind is ready to be clouded by a terrible misfortune. But the enormous spiritual strength helps Matryona Timofeevna to endure, return to life again and actively fight all the hardships of life. She sends angry curses to her enemies, the camper and the healer, who torment the "white body" of her son: "Villains! Executioners!" Matryona Timofeevna wants to find justice for them, but her fellow villagers do not advise her to enter into a fight with them: "God is high, the tsar is far ... We cannot find the truth." When misfortune befalls her second son, she decisively knocks down the elder Silantius, saving Fedotushka from punishment. Matryona Timofeevna is ready to endure any trials, inhuman torments in order to defend her children, her husband from everyday troubles. What tremendous willpower a woman must have to go alone on a frosty winter night dozens of miles away to a provincial town in search of the truth. “I walked all night, I didn’t meet a living soul,” Matrena Timofeevna tells the wanderers. Boundless is her love for her husband, which has withstood such a severe test. The governor, amazed by her selfless act, showed "great mercy": They sent a messenger to Klin, They found out the whole truth - Filippushka was saved. Self-esteem, which manifested itself in Matrena Timofeevna in her girlhood, helps her to go majestically through life. This feeling protects her from the impudent claims of Sitnikov, who seeks to make her his mistress. A cloud thickens in her soul anger against the enslavers. She is ready to avenge them for her grievances, I have a downcast head, I carry an angry heart! she says. When grandfather Savely teaches his beloved granddaughter to endure, declaring that a peasant's heroism is in his endurance, Matrena Timofeevna remarks with irony: You are joking, grandfather! - Such a mighty hero, Guy, the mice will bite! Enormous inner strength, hatred for oppressors and the ability to protest - these are the wonderful qualities that distinguish Matrena Timofeevna. The image of Matrena Timofeevna is very close, understandable and dear to me. People like her testified to what a heroic, invincible power is hidden in the people's soul.

The poet believes that the Power of the people, the mighty Power - The conscience is calm - The truth is tenacious! Nekrasov is convinced of the mighty moral strength of the people. He believes that "the keys to women's happiness", "abandoned and lost from God himself", will be found. This belief proved to be prophetic. Our people, as the poet dreamed, entered the "broad and clear" road of life. The poet was right, arguing that "the Russian people do not need limits." Send an application with an indication of the topic right now to find out about the possibility of obtaining a consultation.

/ / / Women's images in Nekrasov's poem "Who should live well in Russia"

Numerous creative work Nikolai Nekrasov were dedicated to the simple Russian people, who were subjected to severe oppression. The poet repeatedly tried to reveal the theme of the life of an ordinary peasant, to highlight all the subtleties of existence.

The special attitude of the author is felt precisely to the woman, to the ordinary peasant woman, who took on an unbearable burden and carried it with dignity. After all, how could you save a family, raise and educate children in such a difficult time?

Respectfully, Nekrasov also refers to female characters in his grandiose poem "". Already at the beginning of the work, the reader can get acquainted with a generalized description of a simple woman - a hard worker, an ordinary peasant woman. Before us appear images of both young girls and envious women who have always been and will be among people.

Then, in one of the parts of the poem called "Drunk Night", the author introduces us to Daryushka, thin and exhausted from work. And day and night she is in the service of rich people, carrying out all assignments and orders.

Continuing to read the text of the poem, the reader gets acquainted with the brightest female image. Before us. In the chapter "Peasant Woman" Nekrasov describes the fate and life of this woman from a young age to this day. On her example, one can trace the life path of any peasant woman, filled with difficulties and hardships. However, her steadfast character and desire to live shows the reader how strong and strong-willed the Russian people were.

Matryona Timofeevna is extraordinarily beautiful. She is the owner of a real Russian appearance - black eyebrows, Thick hair, big eyes. Having told a spiritual life story, Matrena told the wanderers about everything that she had to endure. She had a happy childhood, which ended after marriage. Heavy work fell on her shoulders. She had to please the owners of the estate in which she worked, fulfilling any whim.

The heroine could cry only to the old man Savely. However, he reluctantly offended the woman, causing her severe pain. The old one did not keep track of the little son of Matryona, "feeding the pigs." And then, Matryona was accused of the deliberate murder of a baby and an autopsy was ordered. And there's nothing you can do, you can't trample on the judges. Savely ordered Matryona only to endure.

Further, the heroine withstood both the hungry years and the cruel insults of those around her. And she was able to defend her husband by begging the governor's wife for his deliverance from the soldiery. For such efforts, for strength of will, they called Matryona Korchagina the happiest. However, the heroine did not think so. According to her, a woman cannot be happy, because her fate told her to worry and empathize for everyone, to take on someone else's work and do it with dignity.

Nikolai Alekseevich, creating in the poem the image of a Russian woman, tried to describe how hard her lot was, what hard work she had to comply. However, despite this, a simple peasant woman retained her femininity, beauty and kindness, her desire to be loved, give birth and raise her children.

Rare work of art does without female characters. Mothers, sisters, daughters, and lovers more often than not simply complement the characteristics of men. They are an indicator of real, true feelings of people.

The female images in the poem “Who Lives Well in Russia” help to understand how Russian peasant women of the described era lived. An epigraph to the description of women can be taken from the words of one of the main heroines of Matryona's poem: "... It's not a matter of looking for a happy woman between women ...".

Chapter "Country Fair"

Wanderers are looking for happy ones at the fair. Nekrasov describes women who came to the marketplace to show themselves and buy what they need on the farm. Red, brightly colored dresses, braids with satin ribbons. The special gait of Russian beauties -

"The winches are sailing."

Peasant women know how to dress like in the capitals. They insert hoops down the fabrics (hemlines) and widen their skirts. Laughs at clothes

But at the same time, he is happy for them. They look prettier than the feisty old believers.

Chapter "Drunken Night"

Walkers walk away from the country fair. And here they meet women:

• Olenushka. She ate on a cart of gingerbread and, like a nimble flea, jumped off and disappeared without letting the peasant stroke her.
• parashenka. A woman dreams of getting to St. Petersburg in the service of officials. The peasants warn that they will have to work as a cook during the day, and as a maid at night.
• Daryushka. The old woman dreams of love and affection. She becomes thin from overwork. The woman turns like a spindle. But what awaits her is only a belly, hops and tears.
• Nameless woman. She quarrels with her friend, who sends her home. A woman is sick of just this thought. What is it that worries her so much? At home, she is worse than in hard labor: the elder son-in-law beats so much that he broke a rib, the middle one stole a fifty-kopeck piece hidden in a ball. Worse than all the promises of the younger son-in-law. He scares with a knife and death.
• Yakim's wife. Saves icons during a fire.
• Molodushka. Listening to a cheerful song, a woman cries. She lives like a day without the sun, a night without a moon. He compares his life with a horse tied to a post, with a swallow that has lost its wings. The jealous old husband, even drunk and sleepy, guards the young woman. She tried to jump off the cart, but her husband grabbed her by the girl's braid.

Chapter "Happy"

The wanderers decided to look for the lucky one by “clicking a cry” so that people would come to them and prove their will for a glass of vodka. There are also female characters among the wine hunters. The "old old woman" saw happiness in the harvest. She had a turnip born in a small garden, as in a fairy tale, tasty and large. Wanderers did not give vodka for such happiness.

Chapter "Peasant Woman"

The author introduces a story about the fate of a Russian woman in a separate chapter. He understands that individual characters will not give a generalized understanding, will not allow the reader to see the fate of a woman. Matrena Korchagina is a beautiful Russian peasant woman. The description is close to fairy tales: big expressive eyes, rich eyelashes, swarthy skin and a stern character. It seems that this is a "hero" or the wife of a hero. In fact, the reader understands that in the poem there is just a woman, such as there are many in Russia. The author presents her fate in detail. But, if you carefully look at the plot, there are more details about the beginning of life, then the monotony removes whole years from memory. What a woman's life consists of: work, the birth of children, work again. Mothers suffer, endure and remain silent. They are offended in the families of their husbands, humiliated by rich owners. When is a woman happy? According to Matryona, in the house of kind parents, next to the children. The fate of peasant women is so difficult that there is no place for happiness in it. The generalization of fate is frightening: hunger, illness, the funeral of children, resentment and humiliation. But what is the strength of the character of a Russian woman? She endures all hardships, does not grumble, does not lose her desire for will. Around everyone considers her happy, because they themselves lost what Matryona kept. They broke, gave up and just waiting for the next blows. Korchagina resists, bravely fights for her children and husband. Suffering for loved ones, not afraid of hard work.

Parable about women's happiness

The author's approach to women's theme. If Nekrasov introduces many other topics, like stories in a poem, lyrical digressions, then a parable appears here. The religiosity of the topic is amazing. Women's happiness does not even depend on God. It is difficult to find what the Almighty himself has lost. For centuries they have been looking for the keys to female happiness but the search is not successful. The author lists those who are looking for:

"... desert fathers, their immaculate wives, scribes-doctors..., God's warriors...".

Happiness was searched everywhere God's world, in dungeons and mountains, but there were other keys - from slavery. The fish swallowed and went into an unknown sea, walks there for itself and does not think of sharing its prey.

The share of the Russian woman is the heaviest. That is why Nekrasov devoted so many lines to her. The author believes that the peasant woman will retain her outer beauty and inner strength. She will find a way out difficult situations, will help his children and become a support and fortress for Russia.

In Nekrasov's poem “Who Lives Well in Russia”, fuller and brighter than in other works, the main character of the great poet's work, the people, appears. Here Nekrasov draws different types peasants, comprehensively shows their life - both in grief and in “happiness”.
One of the most striking in the poem is the image of Matryona Timofeevna, a typical Russian peasant woman, an image that embodies the features of all women of Mother Russia with their difficult and sometimes tragic fate, but who managed to preserve their natural mind, kindness, love for their neighbors.
The images of peasant women, bred by Nekrasov in works written before the poem “Who Lives Well in Russia”, are incomparable with the image of Matrena Timofeevna. If earlier the poet portrayed a peasant woman as patient, downtrodden (“you are all fear incarnate, you are all age-old languor”), submissive (“submit to the grave to the slave”), now he seeks to show the birth in a Russian woman of anger, protest against inhuman conditions , the desire to get rid of humility and humility.
Matrena Timofeevna appears before us in all her grandeur: she is “severe and swarthy”, “a portly woman, broad and thick, about thirty-eight years old.” Nekrasov describes the beauty of Matrena Timofeevna with warmth and love: “... hair with gray hair, eyes large, strict, richest eyelashes ...”
A peasant woman tells the wanderers a deeply moving tale of her life. Her family “was good”, non-drinkers, everyone loved her, groomed and spoiled her. The girl grew up cheerful and hardworking, she loved nature, did not know trouble and grief. But after the marriage of Matryona, fate turned away from her. Matrenin's path was hard: new family disliked her, everyone strove to offend her, fill her with work, and her husband did not indulge. But then she gave birth to a son, Demushka, who drove “all the anger from the soul” of the mother. Matrona calmed down: “Whatever they tell me, I work, no matter how they scold me, I keep silent.”
But trouble does not come alone. Beloved Demushka died, parents and grandfather Savely died - a man spiritually close to Matryona, her husband was almost taken into the army.
Matryona did not remain a soldier, pride woke up in her, anger and resentment at such injustice. With her own strength, the peasant woman achieved the return of her husband Philip, did not submit to fate.
After a story about the most difficult trials she endured in life, Matryona Timofeevna confesses to wanderers: “I have a downcast head, I carry an angry heart ...”
Matryona Timofeevna is a worthy granddaughter of grandfather Savely, in courage and vitality she is in no way inferior to him. She does not tolerate, but acts, seeks and finds a way out of the most difficult situations. The character of this woman new type in the image of the peasantry. And although not all vices have yet been exterminated, new character traits that were not previously characteristic of the people are already appearing here. A type of peasant rebel, fighter and patriot appears.
I believe that the image of Matryona. Timofeevna deepens understanding of life ordinary people, shows their development, initial fearlessness and courage, combined with kindness, affection, selflessness.
The image of Matrena Timofeevna is in many ways a new type of Russian peasant woman.

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The image of a Russian woman in the poem by N. A. Nekrasov “Who should live well in Russia”

Works on literature: The image of a long-suffering woman in the poem by N. A. Nekrasov “Who should live well in Russia”.

In his poem, he draws the image of a woman, Matrena Timofeevna. Using the example of the life of Matrena Timofeevna, Nekrasov shows the life of village girls, reveals character traits, describes their fate. The image of Matrena Timofeevna is collective.

Matrena Timofeevna appears before us as a beautiful and hardworking woman. Nekrasov describes it like this:

Matrena Timofeevna

stubborn woman,

Wide and dense

Thirty-eight years old.

Beautiful; gray hair,

The eyes are large, stern,

Eyelashes are the richest

Stern and swarthy.

She has a white shirt on

Yes, the dress is short...

People believed that Matrena Timofeevna was happy, and called her "governor". But it's not. In fact, Matrena Timofeevna was happy, even very, but before marriage, among her relatives and friends:

I was lucky in the girls:

We had a good

Non-drinking family.

For father, for mother,

Like Christ in the bosom,

I lived, well done.

And a good worker

And sing and dance the huntress

I was young.

The time came, and Matrena Timofeevna married Philip Korchagin, a St. Petersburg worker who was "a skillful stove-maker." From that moment on, Matryona Timofeevna's troubles begin one after another.

Matrena Timofeevna lived in the family of her husband. It was a large and unfriendly family. After the first meeting with these people, the life of Matryona Timofeevna changed a lot. The mother-in-law humiliated, screamed, did not allow not only Matryona Timofeevna to live in peace, but also the sister of Philip Korchagin. Since Matrena Timofeevna was not used to being treated like that, she tried to protest against such an attitude towards her, to which her husband advised her to keep quiet. Matrena Timofeevna felt completely alone. After a fight, he left her. Soon Matryona Timofeevna gave birth to a son, and her life changed, "my handsome man drove away all the anger from my soul with an angelic smile," "whatever they tell me, I work, no matter how they scold me, I keep silent."

And it seemed that in the life of this woman there would be joy and happiness. But the most terrible and irreparable misfortune happened: Matryona Timofeevna's son died. Despite this, she has mental strength, will to live.

The image of Matrena Timofeevna from folk poetry. Folklore, songs, lamentations told about the life of a peasant woman.

Matryona Timofeevna Korchagina can be called, to some extent, a symbol of a new life, a person of a new stage in Russian life, because if a spiritual storm is ripening in a woman, the most destitute and downtrodden creature, then a revolutionary reorganization of life is possible and close.