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In a presentation for older children preschool age"History of Christmas tree decorations" collected material on the emergence and preservation of the tradition in Russia to create Christmas tree decorations and decorate green beauties with them
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The history of Christmas tree decorations The history of Christmas tree decorations
New Year's beauty
The first Christmas trees in Russia appeared a very long time ago, but they were not decorated, but they began to do it a little later, repeating the European fashion. There were no Russian-made Christmas toys at that time, they were ordered in Europe. Even then, Christmas decorations were clearly divided into decorations for the wealthy and for those who are poorer. Buying a glass toy for a resident of Russia at that time was the same as buying a car for a modern Russian. Christmas balls were heavy, since they learned how to make thin glass only by the beginning of the 20th century
What kind of toys used to decorate the Christmas tree? glass cardboard
Cotton Porcelain
The first glass toys in Russia began to be made in Klin before the First World War. There, artel craftsmen blew glass products for pharmacies and other needs. But during the war years, captured Germans taught them how to blow balls and beads. By the way, the Klin factory Yolochka, by the way, to this day remains the only factory in Russia that makes beads for Christmas trees.
In addition to glass, toys were made from cardboard. Toys glued from two halves of convex tinted cardboard and wonderful toys were obtained
There were also toys made of cotton wool wound on a wire frame: this is how the figures of children, angels, clowns, and sailors were decorated. Fake fruits made of papier-mâché and velvet were hung on the Christmas trees.
Christmas decorations reflected the history of our country. If there was a military time, then Christmas tree decorations were made by such soldiers - airplanes, various combat vehicles. Even military battles were painted on the balls
When peacetime came, the toys immediately turned into magical fakirs Fairy tale characters
In houses and Christmas trees In animals
Into the Stars In Fruits and Vegetables
And, of course, in a lot of colorful balls!
Christmas tree of your fathers and mothers, grandfathers and grandmothers
Now the Christmas tree is most often decorated with balls
And handmade toys
And Christmas trees are now unusual From balls
Christmas tree growing from the ceiling
Christmas tree all in lanterns
Christmas tree from ties Christmas tree from pencils
But the most beautiful Christmas tree, which is decorated with different toys!
Guys, love, store, appreciate and take care of toys! It's so wonderful when we are all surrounded by BEAUTY!
On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes
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Tatiana Petrenko
Presentation "Christmas toys"
Project "Christmas tree toys»
for the 2nd junior group.
Project relevance:
The project is aimed at expanding children's knowledge about the objective world. The problem of interaction between preschool teachers and parents of pupils, their involvement in the life of the kindergarten and the group is also relevant.
Only by joining forces, we will ensure excellent conditions to educate morality, feelings of love and affection for one's culture, one's people through a reasonable, rational use national holidays based on folklore, creativity, traditions and customs.
Objective of the project: Introduction to culture new year holiday, its traditions; development of artistic and aesthetic attitude to the surrounding reality, enrichment of children's impressions.
Tasks:
1. Introduce a variety of New Year's toys and the tradition of decorating the Christmas tree.
2. Development of artistic and aesthetic abilities, skills and abilities of productive activity.
3. Promote the interaction of children and parents in the manufacture and collection of New Year's toys.
From the history of the Christmas tree toys.
(information for children of a cognitive nature)
How and where did they first appear Christmas decorations- history is silent. We only know that at first they were very, very simple, but gradually became more complex and interesting.
Before the tree was dressed up "edible decorations"- apples, waffles, nuts in gold papers, other fruits and sweets, honey gingerbread. And only then the first ones appear "inedible" Christmas decorations.
In Russia, the first Christmas trees toys were not made of glass, as, presumably, in other countries, and from improvised materials - rags, straw, colored ribbons, and later from paper and foil. There were even special workshops that did this.
Also in our country, cotton toys. The basis for the figurine of a cotton man was a wire frame wrapped with cotton wool. Eyes, eyebrows and nose were painted with a brush, cheeks were blushed with a cotton swab. The costume was cut out of white or pre-dyed cotton wool. The finished figure was covered with glue. Large figures, usually depicting Father Frost and the Snow Maiden, were placed under the Christmas tree.
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Description of the presentation on individual slides:
1 slide
Description of the slide:
The history of the Christmas tree toy Completed by the educator MBDOU No. 32 "Fairy Tale", Kirovsk, Leningrad Region. Korsakova E.N. The history of Christmas decorations. Completed by the educator MBDOU No. 32 "Fairy Tale", Kirovsk, Leningrad Region. Korsakova Ekaterina Nikolaevna
2 slide
Description of the slide:
We bought them for the Christmas tree, We gave them to her on New Year's Eve. Bears, bunnies, crackers - New Year's ..... Riddle: “We bought them for the Christmas tree, in New Year was given to her. Bears, bunnies, crackers - New Year's ... (toys)
3 slide
Description of the slide:
What grows on the tree? Cones and needles. Multi-colored balls Do not grow on a Christmas tree. Gingerbread and flags do not grow on a Christmas tree, Nuts do not grow In golden paper. These flags and balloons Have grown today For the Russian children On New Year's holiday. S. Marshak What grows on a Christmas tree? Cones and needles. Multi-colored balls Do not grow on a Christmas tree. Gingerbread and flags do not grow on a Christmas tree, Nuts do not grow In golden paper. These flags and balloons Have grown today For the Russian children On New Year's holiday. S.Marshak
4 slide
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The custom of decorating trees appeared a very, very long time ago among our great-great-great-grandparents
5 slide
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In those distant times, all people believed in fairy tales and miracles. They believed that powerful spirits live in the branches of trees - good and evil. And in order to get along with them and get their help in various matters, people brought various gifts, which they hung on branches for these spirits. In those distant times, all people believed in fairy tales and miracles. They believed that powerful spirits live in the branches of trees - good and evil. And in order to get along with them and get their help in various matters, people brought various gifts, which they hung on branches for these spirits.
6 slide
Description of the slide:
In 1700 The Russian Tsar Peter 1 ordered the New Year to be celebrated in Russia as well as in Europe on January 1. And decorate houses with spruce branches, only outside. In 1700 The Russian Tsar Peter 1 ordered the New Year to be celebrated in Russia as well as in Europe on January 1. And decorate houses with spruce branches, only outside.
7 slide
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At first, Christmas trees were decorated very simply: nuts, apples, even potatoes. At first, Christmas trees were decorated very simply: nuts, apples, even potatoes.
8 slide
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Time passed and people made Christmas tree to the house Time passed and people brought the New Year tree into the house
9 slide
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Now, in addition to traditional apples, nuts, sweets, balls appear on prickly green branches. And on the crown is an image of a star or the sun, cut out of thick paper or made of straw. Now, in addition to traditional apples, nuts, sweets, balls appear on prickly green branches. And on the crown is an image of a star or the sun, cut out of thick paper or made of straw.
10 slide
Description of the slide:
You and I can also decorate the green branches of our New Year tree with beautiful and tasty gingerbread, fruits, marmalade garlands, nuts and sweets.
11 slide
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Christmas trees decorated with edible Christmas decorations are so beautiful and appetizing.
12 slide
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Over time, toys made from other materials began to appear. From cardboard From cotton From glass From plastic From metal Over time, toys made from other materials began to appear: from cardboard, from cotton, from glass, from plastic, from metal.
13 slide
Description of the slide:
Appearance Christmas decorations in Russia used to be very dependent on the events that took place in our country. The appearance of Christmas decorations in Russia used to be very dependent on the events that took place in our country.
14 slide
Description of the slide:
During the Patriotic War at the front, Christmas trees were decorated with toys made from shoulder straps, bandages, and socks. Christmas decorations were also produced, in limited quantities. Decorating Christmas trees during the war was a must. The New Year tree reminded of a peaceful life and gave hope for a faster victory. "Military" Christmas trees were decorated with "soldiers", "tanks", "pistols", "medical dogs", even Santa Claus beat the Nazis on New Year's cards ... During World War II at the front, Christmas trees were decorated with toys that were made from shoulder straps, bandages, socks . Christmas decorations were also produced, in limited quantities. Decorating Christmas trees during the war was a must. The New Year tree reminded of a peaceful life and gave hope for a faster victory. "Military" Christmas trees were decorated with "soldiers", "tanks", "pistols", "medical dogs", even Santa Claus beat the Nazis on New Year's cards ...
15 slide
Description of the slide:
Military toys displayed what was happening in the country. This is an air battle in which our aircraft wins, a steam locomotive that rushes with ammunition for our troops, orders and medals for the courage and heroic deeds of our soldiers. Christmas decorations were made from various improvised materials, even from unnecessary light bulbs, wrapped in newspaper or painted with paints.
16 slide
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When people began to explore the airspace, flew into space, then there were toys in the form of airplanes, rockets, parachutes, airships, astronauts
17 slide
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Then Christmas decorations began to appear in the form fairytale heroes More Christmas trees were dressed up with a brilliant rain. Then Christmas decorations began to appear in the form of fairy-tale characters. More Christmas trees dressed up with brilliant rain
18 slide
Description of the slide:
Now we are decorating Christmas trees with a wide variety of toys Now we are decorating Christmas trees with a wide variety of toys
19 slide
Description of the slide:
Why did people in ancient times decorate tree branches in the forest? What was the name of the king who ordered to celebrate the New Year on January 1 and decorate the Christmas tree? What was the tree decorated with first? What materials are Christmas decorations made of? What were Christmas decorations like during the war? What Christmas decorations appeared when a person began to master the airspace, flew into space? What kind of decorations are they decorating the New Year tree now? slide quiz. 1. Why did people dress up tree branches in the forest in ancient times? 2. What was the name of the king who ordered to celebrate the New Year on January 1 and decorate the Christmas tree? 3. What was the Christmas tree decorated with first? 4. What materials are Christmas decorations made of? 5. What were Christmas decorations like during the war? 6. What kind of Christmas decorations appeared when a person began to master the airspace, flew into space? 7. What toys are decorating the Christmas tree now?
20 slide
Description of the slide:
How is a modern Christmas tree toy made? It turns out that everyone's favorite Christmas balls are made from simple glass tubes. First, they are heated in a flame, and the glass becomes plastic, like wax. The heated glass is divided into ball blanks, heated again, and a glass ball is blown out of each blank, as if soap bubble. And then they paint it with silver paint After that, the balls are painted in different colours. Now the fun begins!!! The New Year's ball is painted with the most patterns and drawings, sprinkled with Sequins. How is a modern Christmas tree toy made? It turns out that everyone's favorite Christmas balls are made from simple glass tubes. First, they are heated in a flame, and the glass becomes plastic, like wax. The heated glass is divided into blanks for balls, heated again, and a glass ball is blown out of each blank, like a soap bubble. And then they paint it with silver paint. After that, the balls are painted in different colors. Now the fun begins!!! The New Year's ball is painted with the most patterns and drawings, sprinkled with sparkles.
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Presentation work prepared by the teacher primary school according to the results of the tour at the factory for the production of Christmas decorations. Illustrating his story with photographs from the scene, the teacher talks about the production and history of Christmas decorations.
For the teacher to teach
Format
pptx (powerpoint)
Number of slides
Abarkina E. V.
Lecture hall
The words
Abstract
Present
purpose
slide 1
Christmas decorations at the Frost factory are made by hand. This is a very time-consuming and hard work, but at the same time extremely exciting. Even in the creation of a simple Christmas ball or figurines need to invest a lot of effort. But first things first.
slide 2
Let's walk through the shops of the Christmas tree decorations factory and observe how ordinary glass tubes ...
slide 3
... turns into colorful toys - indispensable attribute new year holiday.
slide 4
Purging
Glass blowers have the hardest job. They spend all day sitting near the burner, melting glass tubes, and blowing balls out of them. The workshop is very hot and there is unbearable noise from the working hood.
slide 5
The glass tube must be melted as best as possible on the flame of the burner. It's strange, but for some reason glassblowers don't use gloves. Although the glass gets very hot
slide 6
Then you need to quickly blow the ball.
Slide 7
Then, by eye, evaluate the resulting copy. If it turned out crooked - again into the fire, and blow again. If everything is fine, put the ball back in the box.
Slide 8
To make a figurine, a hot balloon is placed in tongs and inflated directly into them.
Slide 9
As a result of the work of glassblowers, transparent Christmas tree figurines are obtained, which are funny called - naked.
Slide 10
Metalization
And we move on to the next workshop, where the toys acquire a metallic sheen.
slide 12
Glass blanks are inserted with “tails” into special tubes.
slide 13
Then these tubes are placed in a metallization machine.
Why do you think there are cups in the car?
Slide 14
These cups are needed so that the Christmas tree balls acquire a metallic sheen only half, and on the other hand remain transparent. From such blanks, for example, you can make an aquarium ball: inside the ball are green rain algae and shiny fish.
slide 15
The machine for metallization is very ancient, but it is protected in every possible way, since it was left alone at the enterprise. The second one broke.
And new equipment is very expensive.
How does it work?
slide 16
Aluminum springs are attached to the top of the car. Inside the temperature reaches 700 degrees. Steam is generated. Aluminum springs melt and aluminum vapors settle on Christmas tree decorations. The machine closes for an hour and a half and the drum rotates for an hour and a half so that the toys are evenly covered with a mirror-like metallic sheen.
Slide 17
Painting
In this workshop, workers dip already metallized Christmas decorations into buckets of paints. And here's what happens:
Slide 18
If the ball on one side must remain transparent, then it is not completely dipped into a bucket of paint, but only from the opaque side.
Then for some time the balls dry.
Slide 19
Then a stencil with a pattern is taken.
A ball is laid there and with the help of a can of paint, the stencil is transferred to a Christmas tree toy. On the ball, not a finished drawing is obtained, but only a layout, which the artists then paint.
slide 21
That is why, after walking around the factory in the toy store, customers took so long and meticulously choosing their balls and figures. And one kid shouted: “Mom, I chose, I want this Santa Claus.” “What is there to choose, they are all the same,” mother was angry. "No, look, he winks at me, but the others don't."
slide 22
The artists' hall is somewhat similar to modern office. But instead of computers - boxes with toys, and instead of stationery - paints with brushes.
slide 23
On the tables - gouache, acrylic paints, small beads, silver and golden powder.
slide 24
The end result is this beauty.
Slide 25
Toys from the 60s - 70s
slide 26
70s toys
Slide 27
80s toys
Slide 28
modern toy
Slide 29
Modern toy with a rural landscape
slide 30
Secrets of the production of Christmas decorations
Every year the assortment is updated by 80%. And at number 5 there is always a toy with the symbol of the year. All this year, a ball was produced with the symbol of the next year 2009 - the bull. Despite the fact that the year of the bull is just beginning, its kingdom ends at the factory of Christmas decorations. Immediately after the New Year - in January - a ball with a tiger will be launched into production, since 2010 is the year of the tiger. And the factory for the production of Christmas decorations works all year long only for the sake of one holiday.
Slide 31
GLASS - Handmade
Such an inscription with a hologram is on every toy that is produced at the Pavlo-Posad factory of Christmas decorations "Hoarfrost". But even without an inscription, any toy made here can be easily distinguished from plastic Chinese balls, with which all our stores are littered. It's strange, judging by how people are sweeping Chinese consumer goods off the shelves with excitement, there is still a demand for New Year's toys. The only pity is that the big stores offer us what costs them less and has little interest in quality.
A glass toy made by hand is different. She is very beautiful and original.
View all slides
Abstract
"New Year's toy"
A story about how the Christmas tree toy appeared.
An ancient production - a Christmas tree decorations factory is located in the village of Danilovo, south of Pavlovsky Posad on the road to Kurovskoye. Once the village belonged to the Novaya Zagar landowners Samarins, who, however, came here only in the summer. All affairs were managed by the manager. The peasants lived on their own farms, and also collected cranberries in the surrounding swamps, in the forests - mushrooms in huge baskets. On carts they took all this to sell to the bazaars in Pavlovo and Zagarye.
Artistic Skills local population contributed to the fact that from the middle of the 19th century, craft began to develop in the village - the manufacture and painting of Christmas tree toys. The Christmas tree was put up at Christmas, which preceded the New Year. For the majority of the population of Russia, the New Year was a time of cheerful winter Christmas time and children's holidays, so the Christmas tree toy was of a "Christmas" character. Christmas decorations were decorated picturesquely, brightly and decoratively. The very decoration of the Christmas tree became a family tradition, in which both children and adults participated. Gifts were collected on the Christmas tree, Christmas decorations were a welcome gift. Glass Christmas decorations have come into fashion since the middle of the 19th century. The peasants worked at home and used simple burners for blowing, into which the wick was tightly stuffed. Kerosene was supplied through it from the lower tank. To create a high-temperature flame from home-made leather furs, pumped up with the help of legs compressed air. Toys blown from glass tubes different lengths and diameter. Before work, the dart was sorted and cut by hand using a knife or stone by the glassblower himself.
Often the whole family was engaged in the manufacture of glass Christmas decorations, the art of glassblower and painter was inherited. Growing demand increased the number of single handicraftsmen who made glass Christmas decorations. Owners appeared who in their homes established small productions, where hired workers worked, who blew and painted glass Christmas decorations.
Glassblowers and painters began to unite in artels and small factories. Artel workers copied pre-revolutionary toys, created new ones. In the 60s - 70s, in addition to the usual plots, the toys depicted the Moscow Kremlin, spaceships, Kremlin stars.
The current enterprise "Hoarfrost" is a specialized production for the production of Christmas tree decorations. The enterprise preserves and develops the unique traditions of craftsmanship, established in pre-revolutionary times; tradition is kept here hand made Christmas decorations blown and hand-painted.
The profession of a glassblower is original, training takes place only at the enterprise, mastering this work takes time and certain abilities. The work of a glassblower behind a burner is the miraculous transformation of a glass tube into a ball, figures, top, bell, etc. Currently, the plant employs more than a dozen glassblowers. Over the years, entire dynasties have developed in this profession: the Knyazevs, the Buzins, the Zhuravlevs, the Frolovs and others.
About thirty painters are engaged in artistic painting of toys. The Kuzmins, Rumyantsevs, Demidkins and others have been working for generations. When painting glass Christmas balls, various figures, multi-color brush stroke painting is used, with decorative trim various materials. On the balls, snowflakes, and Santa Claus and the Snow Maiden are now depicted as before; rural landscapes are very popular - trees, a church, houses, smoke over a chimney. Many toys with symbols of the year are also produced. eastern horoscope: depending on the year, funny goat, rooster, monkey, piglet, bull are depicted on the balls.
The enterprise retains samples of products manufactured in previous years, these samples serve methodological guide for young painters. Ancient plots, traditional ornaments, sculptures of figurines are used by the plant's craftsmen to create new products. Master artists pay great attention to the natural possibilities of glass, various ways of decorating it. Reflections play brightly on the smooth shiny surface of glass products, with the help of toys a fabulous, mysterious New Year's holiday is created.
The message was prepared based on the materials of E.V. Zhukova
"New Year's toy"
. (folk craft Danilovo village)
slide 1
Performed by a student of the 11th grade of the secondary school No. 2 of the city of Pechora Kaneva Maria
History of the Soviet New Year's toys.
slide 2
A bit from the history of the New Year in the USSR ...
At the dawn of formation Soviet Union(in 1927) as part of an anti-religious company, the Bolsheviks banned the Christmas tree and Christmas decorations. "Only the one who is a friend of the priests is ready to celebrate the Christmas tree." (Agitation slogan of the 1920s) “The guys are deceived that Santa Claus brought them gifts. The religiosity of the guys begins with the Christmas tree. The ruling exploiting classes also use the “nice” Christmas tree and the “kind” Santa Claus also in order to turn the working people into obedient and patient servants of capital.” (“Materials for Anti-Religious Propaganda on Christmas Days”, 1927)
slide 3
New Year traditions returned only in 1935. From a letter from Pavel Postyshev, a candidate member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, published by the Pravda newspaper on December 28, 1935: “In pre-revolutionary times, the bourgeoisie and bourgeois officials always arranged a Christmas tree for their children on New Year's Eve. The workers' children looked enviously through the window at the Christmas tree sparkling with multi-colored lights and the rich children having fun around it. Why do our schools, orphanages, nurseries, children's clubs, palaces of pioneers deprive the children of working people of this wonderful pleasure Soviet country? Some, none other than "left" benders, slandered this children's entertainment as a bourgeois idea. This wrong condemnation of the Christmas tree, which is a wonderful entertainment for children, should be put to an end. Let's organize a fun New Year's Eve for children, arrange a good Soviet Christmas tree in all cities and collective farms.
slide 4
In the same year, in November, at the first congress of the Stakhanovists, Stalin said his famous phrase: "Life has become better, life has become more fun, comrades!" In general, the Christmas tree, which was so unexpectedly allowed, became a confirmation happy life of the proletariat, a joyful childhood, as well as school uniforms (girls began to wear white aprons and brown dresses to school, and boys - blue suits) and many other seemingly insignificant details.
slide 5
Soviet New Year's toys.
In the 1930s and 1940s, Christmas trees were decorated with homemade or handicraft toys bought from the market. In schools and kindergartens, children learned how to make New Year's decorations from cotton wool, cardboard, papier-mâché, cut paper garlands, assemble structures from tubes and glass beads on wire.
slide 6
Factory jewelry at that time was a luxury item and a great rarity, but their mass production was gradually being established. One of the first to establish serial production of New Year's wire toys was the Moskabel plant.
Slide 7
According to the New Year's toys from the times of the USSR, you can literally study the history of our country. Figurines of children, fairy-tale characters, clowns, ballerinas, outlandish birds and animals, fruits and vegetables, of course, remained from pre-revolutionary times.
But the angels were replaced by bright symbols of the Soviet era: balls with a sickle and a hammer, "ruby" stars, athletes and pioneers with red flags, Budenovites, Red Army soldiers, women in padded jackets and scarlet scarves.
Slide 8
In addition to patriotic agitation symbols, “classic plots” from school curriculum: Ivan Tsarevich, Mistress of the Copper Mountain, Ruslan and Lyudmila, brother Rabbit and brother Fox, Little Red Riding Hood, Puss in Boots, Crocodile with Totosha and Kokosha, doctor Aibolit.
Slide 9
With the release of the film "Circus" (in 1936), figurines on circus themes became popular: clowns, tigers, trained dogs, other animals, illusionists, fakirs and entertainers.
Slide 10
The development of the North was marked by the appearance of figurines of polar explorers.
A separate theme in the history of the Soviet New Year's toy is the theme of the war in Spain. In 1938, a glass ball was released with two aircraft, one of which dives the other.
slide 11
The era of aeronautics also found its worthy reflection in Christmas decorations in the form of airships, airplanes, parachutes and skydivers with the inscription "USSR".
slide 12
V Soviet time the "image" of the Soviet Santa Claus was also developed. Our Father Frost began to resemble the bourgeois Santa Claus only with a gray beard, fur clothes and a red bag with gifts. Otherwise, the Soviet Santa Claus does not look like a plump dwarf, he is a tall, mature hero. The fur coat of Santa Claus, unlike Santa Claus, goes down to the heels, is girdled not with a belt, but with a sash. On the head of Santa Claus is a hat with an even edge without any tassels and pompons. Hands - in huge mittens, and on the feet - either red boots or "patriotic" boots.
Yes, and he comes to Santa Claus not on deer, but on a Russian troika ... And not only one, but with a charming young lady - the Snow Maiden, who has no analogues in any country.
slide 13
During the Great Patriotic War(in 1941-1945) decorating the New Year tree was mandatory - it reminded the soldiers of a peaceful life, gave strength and hope for an early victory. At the same time, on the fronts, Christmas trees were decorated with figurines, which were made from shoulder straps, bandages, and socks. Factories also continued to produce Christmas toys, albeit in limited series. "Military" Christmas trees were decorated with "soldiers", "tanks", "Stalinist armored cars", "pistols", "medical dogs", and on New Year's greeting cards during the Second World War, Santa Claus beat the Nazis ...
In the 1960s, "cobs of corn" and "sheaves of wheat" were hung on Christmas trees.
Slide 17
Since nothing “monumental” has happened in the history of the Soviet Union since the Brezhnev era, there are significantly fewer themed toys. New Year decoration gradually became more abstract. In addition, with the advent of fashion for minimalism and avant-garde, Christmas tree decorations have become simpler. The figurines became more and more rounded, and the paintings became simpler.
