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In the era of rapid development of microelectronics and the conquest of outer space construction stretchers invented back in the time of the pharaohs have not lost their relevance. They greatly facilitate many jobs and increase productivity.
Purpose of construction stretcher
This is a universal device that allows you to move various bulk goods - sand, gravel, cement, etc. With the help of a stretcher, you can also remove garbage from construction site, transport weights such as bricks, cinder blocks or ceramic tile.
The use of this equipment requires the participation of two people, preferably with the same endurance. It is impossible to carry a loaded construction stretcher alone. Therefore, in the absence of a partner, you will have to use a wheelbarrow or cart.
Types of stretcher
Depending on the material, stretchers are divided into three categories: plastic, metal and wood.
The first are intended mainly for bulk cargo. Most of these models are equipped wooden handles. Their carrying capacity is no more than 110 kg. When working, it should be borne in mind that even the most durable plastic can crack or split from a careless impact, especially in the cold. At the same time, construction plastic stretchers have the advantage of light weight, which makes it easier to carry loads. If necessary, they can be used as a container for diluting paint and building mixtures.
Metal stretchers are more durable. They are adapted to move up to 200 kg of cargo. Made from sheet metal. The handles of such stretchers are usually wooden, in some cases upholstered in iron. When working, it is necessary to take precautions, since the possibility of cuts on metal edges is not excluded. The tin case is not cheap, and it is practically impossible to repair.
For various economic purposes, construction wooden stretchers are also used. They are very easy to repair, and it is also quite simple to make them yourself. The disadvantage of such stretchers is their significant weight. Moving them even without a load, you need to make a lot of effort.
Advantages of plastic stretcher
They are made of heavy-duty plastic and, unlike wood or metal, do not rot or corrode. Not big weight combined with good capacity makes them indispensable, especially when carrying heavy materials.
The stretcher container is shaped so that the weight of the carried load is evenly distributed. It can even move liquid solutions. Construction stretchers are equipped with wooden handles, which are more comfortable than plastic ones. In order to avoid the appearance of fungus or decay, they are treated with a special compound.
For the manufacture of stretchers, manufacturers use impact-resistant plastic that can withstand significant loads. This is reflected in the durability of the inventory and the absence of deformations during operation. Plastic stretchers are resistant to temperature extremes. This allows you to use them in almost any weather conditions.
How to make a do-it-yourself construction stretcher
There are situations when a stretcher of a certain size is needed for work, which are difficult to find in shopping malls. In this case, you can make them yourself. This will require a board about 30 mm thick, galvanized a metal sheet, mounting accessories and a set of tools.
Handles are cut out of the board, which are the basis of any stretcher. A cut-out up to 40 cm long is made at the bottom of the board to give a shape that is convenient for girth and to reduce the weight of the stretcher. Then a frame is constructed in the form of two boards, fixed transversely to the handles at a distance of about 60 cm from each other. This is done using self-tapping screws. The resulting frame is reinforced with steel corners on the inside.
After that, according to a certain scheme, the flooring elements are attached. They are laid first along the edges, resting on the ends of the transverse boards and on the handles, and lastly the board is attached in the middle. A metal sheet is nailed to the bottom with mounting nails - and the construction stretcher is ready. All fittings are recommended to be placed on the outside.
After providing first aid to victims who cannot move independently, it is necessary to take out and remove from the lesion. For many of them, the first health care will only be preliminary, as they need follow-up assistance medical staff (nurse, paramedic, doctor) at the medical center. There are various ways pulling and carrying out without a stretcher, on a stretcher and with the help of improvised means.
The entire civilian population must be able to drag and carry out the victims on a stretcher, without a stretcher and with the help of improvised means.
Blockages and destruction will require the ability to drag the victim out. It can be pulled on its side, as shown in Fig. 27.
Rice. 27. Pulling the victim on his side.
A very convenient method in which the victim is placed on his back, his hands are tied at the hands. The assisting person kneels, spreading his legs over the body of the victim, and puts his bound hands on his neck. Leaning on his hands, the assisting person lifts and gradually pulls the victim away, as shown in Fig. 28.
Rice. 28. Pulling the victim when moving on his knees.
Rice. 29. Carrying the victim on a strap or belts folded in a ring.
Rice. 30. Carrying the victim on a strap folded in a figure eight.
If it is possible to move in height, it is easiest to carry the victim with the help of a stretcher strap or two waist belts connected together, folded in a figure of eight or a ring, as shown in Fig. 29 and 30. On long distance it is most convenient to carry the victim on the shoulder (Fig. 31), if there is no strap or belts. It is much easier to carry the victim together. A very common way of carrying out together with the help of a “lock” from the hands (Fig. 32).
It is most convenient to take out the victim on a stretcher (Fig. 33), they allow you to carry two or four people. If two people are carrying the stretcher, they must be out of step. When carried by four, two walk along the sides of the stretcher, supporting them by the bars. As you move, the couples change. On level ground, the victim is carried feet first so that the person walking behind can observe his face (Fig. 34). A stretcher can also be made from improvised means (Fig. 35).
Rice. 31. Carrying the victim on the shoulder.
Rice. 32. Removal on the "lock" from the hands.
Rice. 33. Sanitary stretcher in expanded and folded form.
Rice. 34. Carrying on a stretcher for four.
Rice. 35. Stretcher from improvised means:
a - from two poles and straps;
b - from two poles and a mattress pillowcase;
c - from two poles and two bags.
For laying the victim on a stretcher, two methods are mainly used. Of the four rescuers, three kneel facing the lying victim and, bringing their hands under him, at the same time lift him up and put him on the open stretcher, which the fourth brings under the victim. Two rescuers can apply a little-known method, but, as can be seen from fig. 36, light and comfortable.
A chair can be used instead of a stretcher. The victim sits down on a chair, one porter walks behind and holds the back of the chair, and the second goes in front and holds the chair by the upper part front legs, placing your torso between the legs of the victim.
Rice. 36. Laying the victim on a stretcher together.
The more you travel, the greater the chance that something will happen to you. It happens that someone in the group at the entrance of certain unsuccessful actions gets injured, in which he cannot move independently. In such cases, the burden of moving the victim falls on other members of the group. Of course, you can pick up the victim under the arms together and carry him, you can throw him on your back, but if you need to overcome a long distance, then such movement of the victim is not suitable - carrying the victim is so inconvenient and extremely energy consuming. It is much easier and more correct to carry the victim on a stretcher. But no one usually wears them with them, you say, and you will be absolutely right. The stretcher will need to be made from improvised materials, and you can read in this article how to make a stretcher from what is under the other.
So, how to make a stretcher yourself, with your own hands from improvised means? First, let's disassemble the stretcher into its component parts ( this rule works for all things that you plan to make with your own hands).
As everyone knows, a stretcher consists of the following elements: a surface on which a person or load is carried, and "handles" for which the porters are taken.
Stretcher making with my own hands.
This method was taught to me by the fathers-commanders and tested it on me. During the passage of the route, during the next maneuvers, I hit my knee very hard, as a result of which my speed of movement dropped sharply. Because of me, the mobility of the unit did not meet the required indicators, dragging an uncle in full equipment and weapons is a stupid and ungrateful business, so it was decided to make a stretcher from what is at hand. There was a pine forest around, so there were no problems with making stretchers.
Actually, here is the very method of making a stretcher: two poles are taken, such that they can withstand the weight of the transported and two jackets, in our case it was a slide. The jackets are fastened, the sleeves can be turned inside the jacket, you can leave it like that. Then poles are pushed into the sleeves, as shown in the figure. Do-it-yourself stretchers are ready.
I will say for myself - it was quite comfortable to continue the forced march on the created stretcher)) They threw a couple of machine guns and a couple of pouches on top of me and, like a master, I continued the journey on the hump of my serfs)).
If in our case there were no suitable poles, we would use machines. Yes, they are shorter and the stretcher would have turned out to be seated, but this would have solved the issue of movement.
If there is a tight bag, then you can not use jackets, but make a stretcher out of the bag. To do this, two holes for the poles are made in the bag itself along the edges.
If you do not have jackets, or they are so weak that they cannot support the weight of the person being transported, straps and ropes can be used as a carrying surface. Two poles must be tied together so that the portable one does not fall past the intertwined belts or ropes, but is located on them. Accordingly, the more often they pass from pole to pole, the more comfortable the person being transported will feel.
If you have nothing to make handles for carrying, then you can make a frameless stretcher. The same blanket or a piece of dense fabric can serve as a stretcher to carry transported over a long distance. At the same time, at the corners of the blanket (let's call it that), it is necessary to form knots to make it more convenient to take. If you just hold on to the blanket, squeezing it tightly in your hands, your hands and forearms will get tired very quickly.
You can also use a stretcher with one pole. Tie the same blanket with the ends to the pole, placing the victim in it. In this case, the stretcher must be carried on the shoulder, as the one being carried will hang far below the level of the pole.
Construction stretchers and their use
If you are in construction country house, for sure you have encountered the problem of transferring building materials. The wheelbarrow can be difficult to use because of the uneven ground - that look, it will turn over. And even more so, do not take it up the stairs. In such cases, it remains to carry everything in your hands. It is especially inconvenient with bricks - usually they can only be carried in a column, and you won’t carry much at a time. Only an extra waste of time and the likelihood that the bricks will fall off, and even on their feet. This is where you can get hurt.
To save yourself the hassle, make the transfer as in the picture. For it, you need a board about 200 mm wide and about half a meter long. Choose the thickness yourself, depending on the load. On both sides of the board, put on loops of strong rope, securing them with nails. Slide the top parts of the hinges onto a suitable rail and secure with nails as well.
How to make a stretcher with your own hands
Construction stretchers can also be used to carry various loads. Do given type construction auxiliary tool is quite simple. Moreover, stretchers can be used not only in construction. They are quite suitable for carrying various kinds of garbage with suburban area, as well as the harvest different cultures collected from own garden. And in general, the use of this device is known to everyone.
Now it's time to move on to considering how you can make a construction stretcher with your own hands. The process is quite simple and quite within the power of any person. First you need to take two beams of the same length and thickness and process them with a planer so as not to drive a splinter into your hands when using our device. These will be the handles. Then it is necessary to lay these bars in parallel and fill several boards across them, the number of which depends on what load capacity we are going to make the stretcher and on what physical capabilities we have. In general, it's ready.
If desired, you can nail the sides of a small height along the perimeter of the boards so that what is carried inside does not wake up on the ground. Now a little advice. In the manufacture of carrying handles, it is better to make them somewhat thinner in those places where they will be taken by hand. This will allow the handles to fit more snugly in the palms, causing less hand fatigue during use. And to increase the period of use, it is better to treat the wood with a stain, and then varnish it or just paint it.
Construction stretchers have been used for repair, household and domestic purposes since the time of the ancient Egyptian pharaohs, and at the same time they have not lost their relevance in the era of space flights, innovations and microelectronics.
Stretcher - basic definitions
No matter how rapidly technological progress develops, it is not able to completely abolish the manual carrying of goods. Perhaps this will happen in the distant future, when there will be a place for robots in every household, but today such a prospect looks fantastic. And ordinary stretchers are more than realistic and quite versatile.
With the help of a stretcher, stones, ceramic tiles, bricks for laying fireplaces, cinder blocks for building walls and, in general, any piece building materials are transferred. They are convenient for transporting various bulk cargoes - from cement and sand to pebbles and crushed stone. On a stretcher, you can take out garbage from the construction site, foliage, grass and roots from personal plots. They are used for unloading compound feed, fertilizers and as a mobile container for many other household chores.
The use of any stretcher involves the work of two people with relatively similar strength and endurance. If there is no partner, you will have to use a garden cart or wheelbarrow as widely as possible - it is simply impossible to use a stretcher alone. Is it possible to wear them in an unloaded state and rearrange them from place to place, which is unlikely to help in repair or construction.
Varieties of construction and utility stretchers
According to the material of manufacture, construction stretchers are distinguished: plastic, metal and wooden:
- Plastic stretcher - strictly speaking, only the main container is made of plastic, and the handles of many models are made of wood. They are usually used for carrying bulk cargoes, since they do not wake up from such stretchers.. The maximum load capacity reaches 100-120 kg. Unfortunately, the most durable plastic can split or crack from one careless blow, and you will have to purchase the tool again;
- Metal stretcher. Their container is made of sheet metal (on steel frame or without it), the handles can also be upholstered with metal. They have maximum strength and load capacity up to 200 kg. However, the cost of a tin body is very significant, and the suitability for repair is low. About such a stretcher it is easy to cut or injure yourself in the process of work;
- Wooden stretcher. Convenient for any construction, repair and household purposes, they are easy to make on your own and easy to repair if necessary. Among the shortcomings, a lot of weight can be noted - moving even an empty device will require more effort than carrying a metal or plastic "colleague".
The standard dimensions of the construction stretcher relate to the dimensions of the cargo container and are 20-30 cm deep, 50-60 cm wide and 70-90 cm long. total length handles lies within 150-160 cm, so that it is possible to unfold the stretcher in a loaded state on flights of stairs.
Why do self-manufacturing ordinary stretcher, if this product is not in short supply for hardware stores? Firstly, because retail chains usually offer plastic and metal stretchers. The former have an unacceptably short service life, while the latter have a very tangible cost.
Secondly, it often becomes necessary to make a stretcher of a specific size, and pick up the whole complex of dimensions in ready-made difficult. Thirdly, with the personal manufacture of wooden stretchers, you can build a transforming device (which no store will offer you). Let me lay out the guide to such construction in full detail.
How to make a wooden construction stretcher with your own hands?
From the materials we need a board with a thickness of 25-30 mm, a thin sheet of galvanized metal and an extended set for woodworking - a hacksaw, a jigsaw, a screwdriver, a drill and mounting hardware.
How to make a wooden construction stretcher with your own hands - a step by step diagram
Step 1: Cut out the handles
Figured handles are cut out of a board 10-12 cm wide and 3-4 cm thick, which will serve as the basis for all stretchers. The middle part of the board remains unchanged, and a small chamfer is removed from the edges from above, and a deep cut is made from below, for a length of 35-40 cm on each side. This reduces total weight handles, they are given a form that is convenient for grasping. It is best to apply a pattern of future cutouts to both boards according to a template and adhere to it exactly during processing. How more precisely the size both handles, the more convenient it is to use ready-made stretchers, as they will have an equilibrium balance. Cut out the handles carpentry workbench, securely fastening them in a vise or wedges.
Step 2: Assembly of the stretcher base
Taking two boards of exactly the same width as the uncut handles, we fix them at a distance of 50-65 cm from each other, constructing the frame of the future stretcher. The length of these transverse boards determines the width of the stretcher and is 50-60 cm. The fastening of the crossbars is carried out with self-tapping screws from 60 mm long, in 3 cm increments, on a flat surface, checking the squareness of all nodes. When the transverse boards are fixed, they must be reinforced with four steel corners with inner (invisible) side of the frame. It is better to choose corners with long "shelves", which have 3-4 mounting holes on each side. Additional fittings will give the whole structure high strength and will allow you to carry a load weighing more than 100 kg.
Step 3: Build the deck
Boards with a thickness of 25 mm or more are laid on the finished frame, and this is done according to a strictly defined procedure. On the one hand, the floor boards go exactly “flush” with the dimensions of the stretcher, but on the other hand, they should protrude by about 5 cm. Fasteners are made with self-tapping screws with a length of 50 mm or more, with a high mounting pitch frequency - at least 3 cm between self-tapping screws. The following flooring elements are attached only from the end parts, where the handles lie under them. The middle board will have to be precisely cut to length and laid in the resulting groove, secured with at least one screw on each side.
Step 4: Raise the sides and equip the bottom
Now you can fix two short sides and one long one - the one on the leveled side of the deck. For boards use a board with a thickness of 20 mm. It is most convenient to mount the sides on steel corners, and from the outside - if the fittings are located inside the stretcher, it will be clogged with bulk cargo, it is easy to damage it with massive bricks, etc. A sheet of galvanized metal is laid on the bottom, cut exactly to its size. Galvanized fasteners are carried out with short mounting nails with wide caps, with a step of 10-12 cm. At the same stage, it is convenient to put special rubberized nozzles on the handles with a distance of 2-3 cm from the ends, so as not to damage the hands if the loaded stretcher accidentally hits an obstacle .
Step 5: Making the flip side
The final stage of independent "stretcher construction" is associated with the manufacture and fastening of the folding side. This part is useful when transporting light and bulk cargo, especially over long distances. TO open side For flooring, a board of small thickness (from 15 mm) and length is tried on, its width may slightly exceed the height of our stretcher. Swivel hinges are attached to the protruding end of the flooring and the mobile side. Along the edges of this side, it is worthwhile to provide fittings for fixing it in the tilted state - latches, hooks, etc. This is an approximate "recipe" for how to make a universal stretcher from wooden planks. If carrying bulk cargo is irrelevant for you, then stage 5 can be omitted - bricks, cinder blocks and bags of cement can be moved with one open side, which even facilitates their loading and unloading.
